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1

Investigating indoor air quality in training room environments of a technical university sports facilities

Melaniuk-Wolny Edyta, Widziewicz-Rzońca Kamila

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 89 (tom 1)

37--62

EN

Air quality analyses were conducted in sports facilities at the Silesian University of Technology in Poland, with specific focus on training rooms occupied by students. The study aimed to assess the impact of indoor air quality (IAQ) on human health, taking into consideration various ventilation methods and the number of individuals exercising indoors. Air samples were collected from five training rooms in three sports facilities. The results indicate that outdoor air primarily influences air quality in sports facilities. Internal factors, such as the number of students, floor surfaces and mattresses, influenced pollutant concentrations (CO2 and PM2.5). Overall, CO2 levels remained within safe limits, but fluctuations occurred due to physical activity, reaching as high as 1859.7 ppm. The average median concentration of indoor PM2.5 was 16.7 μg/m3, while outdoor levels averaged 12.2 μg/m3. A correlation between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 pollution underscores the importance of using air purifiers to enhance air quality in sports halls.

2

Reducing methane emissions on livestock ships in order to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and promote future maritime sustainability

Elmallah Mamdouh, Shouman Mohamed, Elgohary Mohamed Morsy

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

797--804

EN

One of the main causes of climate change and global warming is greenhouse gas emissions. Livestock makes up 15% of the world's greenhouse gases (GHG), whereas maritime shipping accounts for 3%. Cattle can produce about 500 grams of methane a day per cow. This study demonstrates that livestock ships are an extremely high source of methane emissions. This study also offers innovative scientific techniques for lowering methane gas emissions from livestock ships. The MV Gelbray Express Livestock ship is selected to investigate the overall emissions generated by the main engine and the livestock on board. Main engine CO2 emissions and livestock CO2 equivalent emissions are theoretically calculated during 24-hour sailing under engine full load and livestock full capacity. The study revealed that livestock CO2 equivalent emissions account for 43% of the total CO2 emissions emitted by the engine and the livestock. To decrease livestock methane emissions, ZELP (Zero Emissions Livestock Project) has patented a unique catalytic technique for capturing and neutralizing methane generated during enteric fermentation in ruminant animals such as cows. Theoretical results show that using the ZELP mask reduces CO2 equivalent emissions by 58 000 kg per day at a livestock capacity of 4000 cattle onboard the MV Gelbray Express Livestock ship.

3

Mathematical equations approach to evidence the impact of green fuel use in ships on ship profitability

Elentably Akram, van Essen Pieter, Fahad Ayman Bin, Aljahdly Bassam Bin Saleh

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

805--808

EN

This article described the equations used to assess the impact of green fuels on shipping costs and provided a numerical example for Saudi Arabia to illustrate these equations. Using these equations, we can conclude that the use of green fuels in the shipping industry will result in significant cost savings. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of green fuel use in the shipping industry. The use of environmentally friendly fuels in ship operations has grown in importance in recent years due to their potential to reduce emissions and costs. This article described the equations used to show the impact of green fuels on transportation costs, using the example of Saudi Arabia to illustrate potential savings and benefits. Additionally, this article discusses the relevant scientific references that support the findings. In summary, the use of environmentally friendly fuels is an intelligent solution for reducing costs and emissions in transportation operations. This article examines the impact of green fuels on ship operating costs by presenting the equations for a proof-of-concept mathematical approach. Additionally, the example of Saudi Arabia was used to illustrate the impact of green fuels in Saudi Arabia. From this, it can be concluded that the use of environmentally friendly fuels leads to cost savings in voyages and is therefore a sensible option for reducing the operating costs of ships.

4

Problems of calculating the carbon footprint in scope 3 using BIM

Borkowski Andrzej Szymon, Maroń Marta, Olszewska Patrycja, Wójcik Krzysztof

Structure and Environment

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2024

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Vol. 16, no. 2

76--83

EN

The article presents the requirements of the EU EPBD (Energy Performance of Buildings Directive) for counting the carbon footprint (especially in Scope 3) and including it in construction projects from 2030. The obligation to count the carbon footprint will burden mainly designers, who are increasingly using BIM (Building Information Modelling) in the design process. Performing analysis and calculation of the carbon footprint in BIM models is hampered by the lack of non-graphical information on the subject in library components. The paper explains the concept of CO2 in 3 scope, also discusses currently available tools for counting the carbon footprint, and examines how many components available on the Internet already contain non-graphical information on emissions, as well as ideas for implementing this directive. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches were presented from the perspective of various stakeholders in the planning and investment and construction processes. The aim of the paper was to present possible solutions, ensuring compliance with the EU directive by proposing specific techniques, enabling the calculation of the Scope 3 carbon footprint, using BIM. In addition to a review of existing ideas, an authorial proposal for a national repository of carbon footprint information taking into account all stakeholders was presented.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wymagania unijnej dyrektywy EPBD (ang. Energy Performance of Buildings Directive) dotyczące liczenia śladu węglowego (zwłaszcza w zakresie 3) i uwzględniania go w projektach budowlanych od 2030 roku. Obowiązek liczenia śladu węglowego obciąży głównie projektantów, którzy coraz częściej wykorzystują BIM (ang. Building Information Modelling) w procesie projektowania. Przeprowadzanie analiz i obliczeń śladu węglowego w modelach BIM jest utrudnione ze względu na brak niegraficznych informacji na ten temat w komponentach bibliotecznych. W artykule wyjaśniono koncepcję liczenia CO2 w tzw. zakresie 3, omówiono również obecnie dostępne narzędzia do liczenia śladu węglowego oraz zbadano, ile komponentów dostępnych w internecie zawiera już niegraficzne informacje na temat emisji, a także przedstawiono pomysły na wdrożenie tej dyrektywy. Zalety i wady tych podejść zostały zaprezentowane z perspektywy różnych interesariuszy procesów planistycznych i inwestycyjno-budowlanych. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie możliwych rozwiązań, zapewniających zgodność z dyrektywą UE poprzez zaproponowanie konkretnych technik umożliwiających obliczenie śladu węglowego z zakresu 3, z wykorzystaniem BIM. Oprócz przeglądu istniejących pomysłów przedstawiono autorską propozycję krajowego repozytorium informacji o śladzie węglowym z uwzględnieniem wszystkich interesariuszy.

5

The Analysis of Parameters Affecting Indoor Air Pollution and Noise Levels Under the Applied Theory of Covariance Functions

Paliulis Dainius, Grubliauskas Raimondas

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

658--671

EN

Analysis variations in the intensity of vectors estimating indoor air pollution (PM2.5, PM10 and CO2) and noise levels are presented. The research was conducted in an office room during COVID-19. The theory of covariance functions was used to analyse changes in the intensity of the vectors of determined parameters. The estimates of the cross-covariance functions of digital vectors and the autocovariance functions of the individual vectors of air pollution and noise recording sensor parameters were calculated in line with the random functions of data arrays measuring the vectors of air pollution sensor parameters. The approximations of covariance functions were calculated by changing the quantisation interval on a time scale and applying software created based on the Matlab procedure package. The stochastic interdependence of the vectors of air pollution and noise level recording sensor parameters and variations in vectors on the time scale was established.

6

Indoor Air Quality in Schools Located in Poland, Lublin Province

Dumała Sławomira Maria, Guz Łukasz, Badora Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

17--26

EN

The quality of indoor air in educational institutions is a critical determinant of the health and well-being of students. The purpose of the study was indoor air quality monitoring carried out for different age groups of students in grades IV–VIII or college classrooms (students used the classroom according to the schedule, the same group uses the room for up to 2 classes), I–III (students stay in the classroom for all classes, leaving only during breaks), kindergarten “0” (students are practically in one and the same room all day). The individual measurements included measurement of CO2 concentration, concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 particles, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), along with monitoring of changes in temperature and humidity in the classroom. The results indicate that children are exposed to elevated levels of these pollutants for a significant portion of their school day, which can have implications for their health and well-being. The findings reveal significant deviations from the recommended levels, emphasizing the need for improved ventilation and monitoring practices.

7

Emission Models for Selected Harmful Substances Emitted During Low-Temperature Combustion of Wood Pellets

Ciupek Bartosz, Urbaniak Rafał, Nocoń Adam

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

267--273

EN

The aim of the research was to develop mathematical models describing the emission of selected pollutants correlated with the residual oxygen content in the flue gas. The correlation was made for low-temperature combustion of wood pellets in biomass boilers and furnaces. The developed models can be used in modern control systems of boilers, furnaces or for precise calculation of emission factors for the discussed group of heating devices. The description was made for devices with a stationary wood pellet combustion process with a heat output range from 12 kW to 30 kW. The obtained models, not currently used in this group of devices, will allow controlling the operation of heating boilers in a sustainable and ecological way, taking into account the environmental burden.

8

Multilevel modelling of sustainable consumption for achieving carbon neutral production – case study of the urban in Thailand

Butdee S., Srikhumsuk P., Phuangsalee P., Burduk A., Xavior M. A., Batako A. D. L.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 124, nr 2

65--77

EN

Purpose: The research aims to determine a living model that is eco-environmental and sustainable. Climate change and scarcity of resources have led world policymakers, along with the United Nations, to set guidelines in the form of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). Sustainable production consumption is one of the major issues that is considered worldwide, including the SDG mission of the University ranking under SDG12. Design/methodology/approach: The paper proposes a new model development for sustainable consumption production using multi-criteria decision-making of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) under the 5P principle. The questionnaire was designed and distributed to sample populations in the community, and the analysis was done under the FAHP procedure. The research area focused on green space near Bangkok, Bang Kachao. It is one of six local governmental units (Tambon) in Phra Pradaeng district located in Samut Prakran province, Thailand. Findings: It was found out that people concerned the most sustainable production consumption using natural local materials at 25.09%, followed by making community products by green industry at 12.42% and making local green products at 6.18%. From the development of the multi-modelling framework, the paper proposes a new model of the urban community in Thailand for sustainable production consumption to support SDG12 using FAHP for multi-decision making based on the 5P principle. There are people, porosity, planet, peace, and partnership. Research limitations/implications: However, various factors influence production and consumption and impact the carbon footprint. Practical implications: It was obviously found that people mostly use local materials to make green local products under the local policy of 3R waste management. Innovative design uses community wisdom, knowledge and know-how to make value-added products. Originality/value: The strategic planning and control consist of green industry, zero waste management, zero carbon footprint and innovative product design. The expected outputs from the model are green and homemade products with cleaner production, clean energy, and gain carbon credit.

9

Chłodnictwo przemysłowe czynnikami o niskim GWP w zakresie ciśnień do 45 barów

Galicki Dariusz

Chłodnictwo i Klimatyzacja

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2024

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nr 4

64--65

PL

Zgdnie z nowym rozporządzeniem 2024/573, przemysłowe chłodnictwo stacjonarne wkracza w erę restrykcji dotyczących czynników chłodniczych. Ograniczenia regulacyjne wymuszają innowacje, które mogą prowadzić do bardziej efektywnych ekologicznych technologii. W obliczu tych zmian, pytanie brzmi czy CO2 stanie się jedyną opcją? Analiza możliwości instalacji z bezpośrednim odparowaniem oraz systemów chłodzenia pośredniego wskazuje na szereg alternatywnych rozwiązań, amoniaku po chillery R1270.

10

Development o the Design of an Experimental Adsorber and Optimization of its Gas-Dynamic Parameters

Mykhailiuk Vasyl, Dzienniak Damian, Kryzhanivskyy Yevstakhiy, Deineha Ruslan, Stetsiuk Roman, Uhryński Andrzej, Rokita Tomasz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 6

177--188

EN

Various technologies and equipment are used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the method of adsorption is used to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the smoke emissions of cement industries. In the adsorption process using zeolites, devices such as adsorbers are typically employed. Zeolites, a versatile group of aluminosilicate materials, are known for their high surface area and selective adsorption properties, making them effective for CO2 capture. The effectiveness of the adsorber depends on many factors, including its geometric dimensions and shape. Adsorbers with a central inlet flow have uneven gas distribution at the entrance to the adsorbent layer, which reduces their operational efficiency. To eliminate this disadvantage, various devices installed at the output of the adsorber inlet are usually used. Analysis of such devices shows that they do not provide maximum adsorption efficiency. To study the efficiency of zeolite operation for capturing carbon dioxide contained in the smoke gases of cement industries, the design of a laboratory adsorber is proposed featuring a cyclone and distribution device in its lower part. The cyclone prevents the adsorbent from being contaminated by drip fluid, which reduces the efficiency of the adsorption process in the gas, and the distribution device reduces the uniformity of gas distribution at the entrance to the adsorbent layer. This paper proposes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and design of the distribution device, which was analyzed and modified to significantly increase the uniform distribution of gas at the entrance to the adsorbent layer. Compared with other designs of distribution devices, the proposed design is simpler and performs better under varying gas flow rates.

11

Zanieczyszczenia chemiczne powietrza w fermie drobiu

Kopiec Dominika, Kuzioła Karolina, Jaguszewski Sebastian, Karpińska Katarzyna, Nowakowicz-Dębek Bożena

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 9

951--953

PL

W fermie drobiu wykonano pomiary stężenia substancji chemicznych, takich jak O₂,O₃, NO, NO₂, CO, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂ oraz lotnych związków organicznych. Zbadano także zapylenie powietrza z uwzględnieniem podziału na frakcje PM1, PM2,5, PM10 i pył całkowity. Otrzymane wyniki porównano z wartościami dopuszczalnymi. Stężenia amoniaku oraz pyłu całkowitego przekraczały wartości normatywne, wynoszące odpowiednio 14 i 2 mg/m³.

EN

Concns. of chem. substances such as O₂, O₃, NO, NO₂, CO, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂ and VOC were measured in a poultry farm. Air dustiness was also examined, taking into account the division into fractions PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and total dust. The obtained results were compared with the acceptable values. The concs. of NH₃ and total dust exceeded the normative values of 14 and 2 mg/m³, resp.

12

Wychwyt, wykorzystanie i składowanie dwutlenku węgla: przegląd rozwiązań i perspektywa dla Polski

Dańko Rafał, Nowak Wojciech, Strojny Magdalena, Gładysz Paweł

Przegląd Odlewnictwa

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2023

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Vol. 73, nr 11-12

392--395

PL

W ostatnich latach obserwuje się wzrost zainteresowania technologiami wychwytu, gospodarczego wykorzystania i składowania dwutlenku węgla (ang. carbon capture, utilization and storage – CCUS) we wszystkich sektorach przemysłu, gdzie inne metody w zakresie znaczącej redukcji emisji dwutlenku węgla (CO2) są niemożliwe, technologicznie niedostępne lub zbyt kosztowne. Aby ograniczyć wzrost globalnego ocieplenia i osiągnąć wyznaczone cele klimatyczne, skala technologii z łańcucha CCUS zgodnie z najnowszymi analizami musi wzrosnąć do gigaton sekwestrowanego CO2 rocznie. Technologie CCUS są często wspominane również w kontekście dążenia do osiągnięcia zerowego bilansu CO2 do roku 2050, gdzie innowacyjne rozwiązania oparte o wytwarzanie bioenergii połączone z wychwytem CO2 lub bezpośrednie usuwanie dwutlenku węgla z atmosfery mogą stanowić cenny wkład w osiągnięcie neutralności klimatycznej poprzez generowanie tzw. „ujemnych” emisji. Konieczność implementacji technologii z łańcucha CCUS jest często podkreślana przez uznane, międzynarodowe organizacje zajmujące się tematyką w obszarze nowych technologii, energetyki czy zmian klimatu. W związku z tym, niniejszy artykuł traktuje o rozwiązaniach w zakresie technologii łańcucha CCUS oraz skupia się na analizie stanu obecnego z uwzględnieniem perspektywy krajowej.

EN

The increase of interests concerning the carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is seen current years in such industry sectors, in which other methods of a significant reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) are not possible, technologically inaccessible or too costly. In order to limit the global warming and to achieve the determined climatic goals, the technology scale from the CCUS chain, according to the most recent analyses, must increase to gigatons of sequestered CO2 annually. CCUS technologies are often mentioned also in a context of striving to achieve zero CO2 balance to the year 2050. Innovatory solutions based on bioenergy production, joined with the capture of CO2 or a direct removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, can constitute a valuable contribution in achieving the climatic neutrality by generating the so-called ‘negative’ emissions. The necessity of implementations of technologies from the CCUS chain is often emphasised by recognized international organisations dealing with problems of new technologies, energy and climate changes. In relation to that, the hereby paper concerns solutions in the field of CCUS chain technology and focuses on the analysis of the current state with taking into account the national perspective.

13

Is Globalization Driving the Use of Renewable Energy? A Global Macro Perspective

Salman Verda, Ahmad Imtiaz, Alvi Shahzad

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2023

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Vol. 18, nr 1

68--80

EN

The contemporary world has become increasingly interdependent in terms of economic, social and political development. These various forms of interdependence, usually termed globalization, help disseminate ideas, information, products, and services around the world. Increase in globalization has also increased path-dependence, affecting economic, social, and institutional development and completing some industries, products and technologies to grow in line with the global demand and changing standards. While the role of globalization in economic growth, technology transfer and institutional development is established in literature, the role of globalization in reversing environmental deterioration is not explored yet. The current study looks at how globalization has affected renewable energy use in high, upper middle and lower middle income countries. The empirical results based on a fixed effects model show that countries differ in terms of taking advantage of different types of globalization, i.e., economic, social and political, while transitioning towards renewable energy (RE) projects. Economic globalization has a positive influence on RE usage in the case of high and lower middle income countries, Social globalization in case of high and upper middle income countries. Contrary to the positive impacts of economic and social globalization, political globalization has a negative impact on RE usage in the case of high income countries. In addition to globalization, the effect of government effectiveness, GDP per capita and CO2 vary across the groups of countries.

PL

Współczesny świat staje się coraz bardziej współzależny pod względem rozwoju gospodarczego, społecznego i politycznego. Te różne formy współzależności, zwykle nazywane globalizacją, pomagają rozpowszechniać idee, informacje, produkty i usługi na całym świecie. Wzrost globalizacji zwiększył również inne współzależności, wpływając na rozwój gospodarczy, społeczny i instytucjonalny oraz ukończenie niektórych gałęzi przemysłu, produktów i technologii, tak aby rozwijały się zgodnie z globalnym popytem i zmieniającymi się standardami. Chociaż rola globalizacji we wzroście gospodarczym, transferze technologii i rozwoju instytucjonalnym jest ustalona w literaturze, rola globalizacji w odwracaniu degradacji środowiska nie jest jeszcze zbadana. Obecne badanie dotyczy wpływu globalizacji na wykorzystanie energii odnawialnej w krajach o wysokim, średnim i niskim średnim dochodzie. Wyniki empiryczne oparte na modelu efektów stałych pokazują, że kraje różnią się pod względem wykorzystania różnych rodzajów globalizacji, tj. gospodarczej, społecznej i politycznej, podczas przechodzenia na projekty związane z energią odnawialną (OZE). Globalizacja gospodarcza ma pozytywny wpływ na wykorzystanie OZE w przypadku krajów o wysokim i niskim średnim dochodzie, Globalizacja społeczna w przypadku krajów o wysokim i wyższym średnim dochodzie. W przeciwieństwie do pozytywnych skutków globalizacji gospodarczej i społecznej, globalizacja polityczna ma negatywny wpływ na wykorzystanie OZE w przypadku krajów o wysokich dochodach. Oprócz globalizacji wpływ skuteczności rządów, PKB na mieszkańca i CO2 jest różny w poszczególnych grupach krajów.

14

Przegląd metod i narzędzi pomiarowych do badań właściwości sorpcyjnych ośrodków porowatych

Anioł Łukasz

Prace Instytutu Mechaniki Górotworu PAN

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2023

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T. 25, nr 1-4

59--69

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przegląd metod i narzędzi pomiarowych do określania właściwości sorpcyjnych ośrodków porowatych. Skoncentrowano się na opisie metod badawczych oraz zaprezentowano przegląd aparatury dostępnej w Instytucie Mechaniki Górotworu PAN, którą dotychczas wykorzystano w prowadzonych badaniach na przestrzeni lat. Metody pomiarowe sorpcji dzieli się na wolumetryczne, grawimetryczne oraz przepływowe. W Pracowni Mikromerytyki nadal rozwijane są nowe metody i narzędzia do badań sorpcji selektywnej, w kontekście wychwytu gazów cieplarnianych.

EN

The article presents an overview of methods and measurement tools for determining the sorption properties of porous media. It focuses on the description of test methods and presents an overview of the apparatus available at the Strata Research Mechanics Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, which has been used so far in research over the years. Sorption measurement methods are divided into volumetric, gravimetric and flow. The Micromeritics Laboratory continues to develop new methods and tools for selective sorption research in the context of greenhouse gas capture.

15

Metoda obliczeń strat ciepła przez przenikanie a wartość emisji unikniętej CO2

Wesołowska Maria, Szczepaniak Paula

Inżynier Budownictwa

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2023

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nr 1

80--85

16

Influence of ventilation to limit airborne infection concentration in an isolation room

Kassem Fatma A.-M., Abdelgawad Ahmed Farouk, Abu El-Ezz A. E., Nassief Mofreh M., Adel Mohamed

Environment Protection Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 49, nr 2

39--54

EN

Coronavirus (COVID-19) was detected at the end of 2019 and has since caused a worldwide pandemic. This virus is transferred airborne. In this study, an investigation was carried out of the ventilation strategies inside the isolation room based on exhaust air locations. To reduce the infection disease (COVID-19), due to the spreading of exhaled contaminants by humans in interior environments, five models for ventilation systems differing in the position of the outlet and inlet were used. This study aims to increase knowledge regarding the exhaled contaminant distribution under different environ-mental conditions (opening exhaust and negative pressure). The results showed a good agreement be-tween the computational results and the experimental data. Tracer gas CO2 was used to evaluate the air quality experimentally and computationally. The results showed that stable conditions are obtained inside the room at a negative pressure value above –1.5 Pa. The residence time of the infected airborne decreases when the pressure difference increases. The study revealed that the model with an air outlet opening installed behind the patient enabled avoiding the spread of infection in the room.

17

Perspective applications of plasma-deposited thin film nanocatalysts on structured supports: from CO2 capture to wastewater treatment

Kierzkowska-Pawlak Hanna, Bilińska Lucyna, Tyczkowski Jacek

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

|

Vol. 30, nr 4

489--504

EN

The urgent need for sustainable solutions to environmental challenges has led to significant research efforts towards innovative processes and technologies capable of addressing global issues such as carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and valorisation as well as efficient water-reuse cycles. The majority of processes involved in CO2 conversion require highly active catalysts for practical implementation. Concurrently, wastewater treatment technologies, critical for achieving sustainable water reuse, often rely on complex multi-stage systems that incorporate advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Optimising reaction conditions and exploring unconventional approaches to catalytic system design are crucial for enhancing the efficiency of these processes. Among the emerging solutions, the application of thin-film catalysts deposited by cold plasma onto various structured supports has shown promising potential for improving process performance to meet environmental goals. This paper discusses recent advancements in the development of thin-film nanocatalysts based on cost-effective transition metals. It highlights their application in gas-phase reactions, such as CO2 hydrogenation to value-added products, as well as innovative uses in multiphase gas-liquid systems, including CO2 capture in aqueous solvents and the ozonation of wastewater.

18

Fuel consumption and CO2 emission analysis of hybrid and conventional vehicles in urban driving conditions

Skuza Adriana, Szumska Emilia, Jurecki Rafał

Combustion Engines

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2023

|

R. 62, nr 4

48--55

EN

Hybrid vehicles are a good solution for a smooth transition towards electromobility. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between route parameters and fuel consumption and emissions of harmful exhaust components of vehicles with a conventional and hybrid drive system. As a result of simulation tests, values for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for HEV and ICEV vehicles were obtained in 28 trips in urban conditions. The average fuel consumption achieved by the hybrid was 53% lower than that of a conventional vehicle. When analysing the average value of CO2 emissions, the hybrid showed a 54% lower value than a conventional vehicle. Using statistical methods, the relationship between the route parameters and the operational parameters of the vehicle was determined. It has been shown that the route parameters strongly correlate with the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of a conventional vehicle. In the case of hybrid vehicles, there was a weaker relationship between these parameters.

19

W drodze do klimatycznej neutralności: technologie CCUiS narzędziem w transformacji energetycznej

Więcław-Solny Lucyna

Budownictwo, Technologie, Architektura

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2023

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nr 1

70--73

20

Evaluation of Density Fields of Numerical Analysis Output of Solid Carbon Dioxide Extrusion Process

Górecki Jan, Lindner Tymoteusz, Wałęsa Krzysztof

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 4

235--248

EN

Efforts to reduce energy consumption and explore alternative energy sources are paramount in production process research. However, a research gap exists regarding the evaluation of density fields in numerical analysis output of solid carbon dioxide (CO2) extrusion. This study aims to address this gap by examining the density fields in the numerical analysis output of the extrusion process for solid CO2, commonly known as dry ice. Dry ice, a by-product of ammonia compounds production, requires efficient management due to its high sublimation rate. Ram pressing is a commonly used method for compressing dry ice, but the resulting product often exhibits non-uniform density fields, presenting challenges for process optimization. To bridge this research gap, an algorithm is verified for determining the percentage share of density fields in the numerical simulation results. By comparing simulations using single- and multiple-cavity dies, the algorithm provides valuable insights into the distribution of density within the extruded solid CO2. In overcoming the limitations of subjective comparative evaluation, this study offers objective measures for assessing and comparing numerical analysis outputs. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding and optimization of the solid CO2 extrusion process, facilitating the production of high-density dry ice products with reduced energy consumption. In conclusion, this research not only bridges the research gap in evaluating density fields but also advances the field of solid CO2 extrusion and waste materials management.