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1

Mapping hotspots and coldspots of soil erosion along the watershed running into Tomini Bay

Lihawa Fitryane, Baderan Dewi Wahyuni K., Maryati Sri, Lahay Rakhmat Jaya

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 65

65--73

EN

The extensive use of geospatial information technology in predicting erosion rates has been considerable. However, previous studies have not considered aspects of landscape connectivity based on spatial dependence in mapping erosion-prone zones. This research eliminates this weakness by using the GEE-R-GIS framework. Specifically, this experiment aims to 1) assess spatiotemporal variations in soil erosion rates in 2000 and 2020 along watersheds in the Tomini Bay region, Indonesia, 2) map soil erosion hotspots and coldspots using spatial autocorrelation for rehabilitation priority areas watershed. The findings show that 1) the spatiotemporal of soil erosion in 2000 and 2020 is primarily consistent in the central part of Central Sulawesi Province; others are spread in the western mountainous area of the study region, stretching from north to south; 2) there is a difference in the area of hotspot and coldspot between 2000 and 2020. Hotspots are mostly spatially aggregated in the southern and western regions of the research area, while coldspots are concentrated in the northern region. In 2000, hotspots covered 11.13% of the study area, with a significance class of <0.05. Coldspots occupied 28.42% of the study region with a significance class of <0.05. In 2020, the area of hotspots decreased to 9.98%, and the soil erosion coldspots increased slightly to 28.68%. Hotspots and coldspots information can be treated as a reference for spatial priority in watershed environmental rehabilitation planning.

2

Research of the systems of environmental and soil protection technologies in erosion-hazardous agrolandscapes

Rucins Adolfs, Kolomiiets Larisa, Shevchenko Ivan, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Holovach Ivan, Trokhaniak Oleksandra, Kiernicki Zbigniew

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 4

15--27

EN

Land degradation is primarily caused by direct destruction of the natural ecosystems, irrational use and depletion of the land resources, and the growing agrotechnogenic load on soils. Contemporary scientific research has been carried out by means of field route studies and land inventory to determine the geomorphological and soil characteristics of the studied polygons, taking into account the basic principles of application in the geospatial analysis and practical use in the landscape studies by means of the Auto CAD computer program, the boundaries of the polygons – watersheds on raster topographic maps being determined, digitized in the local coordinate system (SK-63). It has been established that the introduction of a set of measures for the conservation of the degraded lands of the sloped agrolandscape systems by stopping intensive economic activity with subsequent use of the land plots as hayfields and pastures, ensured a significant reduction in soil loss due to erosion, while the soil loss on heavily and moderately eroded soils of the studied sites amounted to 2.38–4.19 t·ha-1, which differs slightly from the maximum permissible standard indicators of soil loss for the heavily and moderately eroded soils. The main characteristics of the agrochemical, agrophysical and other properties of the washed-out chernozems have stabilized during the conservation period. At the same time, the humus content in the cultivated soil layer has increased to 3.85%, the optimal values are characterized by the soil acidity pH 7.1–7.3 (close to neutral). Attention has been focused on the specifics of the land conservation by excluding it from economic circulation with its subsequent use as pasture and hay lands.

3

The application of Vetiver grass in natural disaster mitigation and environmental protection in Vietnam:A bibliometric analysis and literature review

Phan Truc, Nguyen Tan, Pham Thang, Luong Bich, Nguyen Huong

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 2, no. 1

602--613

EN

Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides or Chrysopogon zizanioides) is a versatile tropical plant widely recognized for its applications in environmental protection and natural disaster mitigation. In Vietnam, where natural disasters such as floods and landslides are frequent, particularly along highways, Vetiver grass has proven to be an effective bioengineering solution. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications and benefits of Vetiver grass in preventing soil erosion and stabilizing slopes along Vietnam’s transportation systems. A bibliometric analysis of 555 Scopus-indexed publications (2000– 2024) was conducted using VOSviewer software to identify research trends, key themes, and knowledge gaps. The findings emphasize the significant environmental and economic benefits of Vetiver grass, including its ability to enhance soil stability, control erosion, and treat polluted environments. Case studies in Vietnam further demonstrate its successful integration into slope stabilization projects, riverbank reinforcement, and flood mitigation strategies. The paper advocates for the broader adoption of Vetiver grass in sustainable infrastructure development and disaster risk reduction, while identifying future research directions to expand its applications.

4

Geoinformation analysis of the spatial distribution of soil quality indicators in terms of water erosion

Temna Yuliia

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2025

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no. 3

39--49

EN

Soil organic carbon, clay content and cation exchange capacity play a key role in the productivity of agricultural soils, and are therefore fundamental parameters for environmental monitoring and modelling. However, studying these properties using traditional laboratory methods is labour-intensive and costly. An equally important factor is the steepness of slopes, which affects erosion processes and nutrient distribution in the soil. Geospatial analysis is a powerful tool for examining spatial patterns and the distribution of various indicators. When assessing soil quality indicators, GIS technologies enable the accurate and detailed monitoring of soil conditions in various areas, the assessment of their characteristics, and the identification of potential problem areas. This study presents observation and analysis of the impact of soil quality indicators, including soil organic carbon (SOC), physical clay, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), on the development of soil quality degradation using SoilGrids 250 m 2.0 data. To estimate the level of erosion, a slope steepness map was generated using the SRTM digital elevation model, which was downloaded through Google Earth Engine at a 30-m resolution. The results showed that high organic carbon content and optimal CEC values reduce soil vulnerability to the development of erosion, while steep slopes and low organic carbon content increase the risk of degradation. The vulnerability index developed based on these data allows us to effectively identify areas at high risk of soil degradation and develop protection strategies.

PL

Zawartość węgla organicznego w glebie, iłu fizycznego i pojemności wymiany kationów odgrywają kluczową rolę w produktywności gleb rolniczych, a zatem stanowią podstawowe parametry monitorowania i modelowania środowiska. Badanie tych właściwości tradycyjnymi metodami laboratoryjnymi jest jednak pracochłonne i kosztowne. Równie ważnym czynnikiem jest nachylenie zboczy, które wpływa na procesy erozji i dystrybucję składników odżywczych w glebie. Analiza geoprzestrzenna jest potężnym narzędziem do badania wzorców przestrzennych i rozmieszczenia różnych wskaźników. Przy ocenie wskaźników jakości gleby technologie GIS umożliwiają dokładny i szczegółowy monitoring warunków glebowych na różnych obszarach, ocenę ich charakterystyki oraz identyfikację potencjalnych obszarów problemowych. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono obserwację i analizę wpływu wskaźników jakości gleby, w tym węgla organicznego w glebie (SOC), iłu fizycznego i pojemności wymiany kationów (CEC), na rozwój degradacji jakości gleby z wykorzystaniem danych SoilGrids 250 m2.0. Aby oszacować poziom erozji, wygenerowano mapę nachylenia zboczy przy użyciu cyfrowego modelu terenu SRTM, który został pobrany za pomocą Google Earth Engine z rozdzielczością 30 m. Wyniki pokazały, że wysoka zawartość węgla organicznego i optymalne wartości CEC zmniejszają podatność gleby na rozwój erozji, natomiast strome zbocza i niska zawartość węgla organicznego zwiększają ryzyko degradacji. Wskaźnik podatności opracowany na podstawie tych danych pozwala nam skutecznie identyfikować obszary wysokiego ryzyka degradacji gleby i opracowywać strategie ochrony.

5

Estimating erosion, sediment yield, and dam lifetime using revised universal soil loss equation and potential erosion model in the Chichaoua watershed and Boulaouane Dam, High Atlas, Morocco

Baiddah Abdeslam, Krimissa Samira, Namous Mustapha, Eloudi Hasna, Ismaili Maryem, Hajji Sonia, Aboutaib Fatima, Badreldin Nasem

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 3

132--158

EN

Soil erosion is a global challenge with significant environmental, social, and economic impacts. This study, conducted in the Chichaoua watershed, aims to quantify soil loss, investigate its causes, and evaluate its effects on the construction of the new Boulaouane dam. Two models were used to quantify potential soil losses: the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the potential erosion model (PEM). The results indicate an average annual loss of 10.03 t/ha/yr according to RUSLE, while the EPM provides a higher estimate of 27.53 t/ha/yr. These values, exceeding the tolerance threshold, indicate that the watershed substantially contributes to the downstream sediment load, which could impact the hydrological performance and lifespan of the Boulaouane dam. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of soil losses within the Chichaoua watershed is not homogeneous, a heterogeneity that can be explained by the physical characteristics of the study area. This observation highlights the critical need for implementing erosion control measures, especially in upstream areas. This study reveals the intense erosion impacting the Chichaoua watershed, which presents substantial challenges for the sustainable management of the region’s soil and water resources. It underscores the pressing necessity of implementing targeted erosion control strategies, particularly around key infrastructures like the Boulaouane dam.

6

Geospatial assessment of soil erosion of Ado Odo Ota local government area using revised universal soil loss equation (r.u.s.l.e)

Ode Godwin Omenka, Abubakre Azeezat Adewunmi, Olusegun Martins

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2025

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Vol. 74, no. 2

art. no. e67, 2025

EN

The study examined soil erosion in Ado Odo Ota local government area using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). This study assessed area vulnerable to erosion by combining five factors: rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope, land use/land cover, control practice. The resultant soil loss map shows that the highest soil loss was 324,522.34t/hr/yr. Furthermore the study reveals that combining the RUSLE model with GIS technology provides the advantage of visualization and statistics which was used to create a map of Ota soil loss. The study shows the area most prone to soil erosion based on the model used. All the factors of RUSLE was taken into account. The result generated from the maps showed that areas such as Ilasa, Iju and Atan are characterized with steeper slope from North Eastern part towards the North West. It is recommended that control measures such as drainage and proper disposal of waste be put in place to avoid loss of live and destruction of property to erosion. The soil loss map can be used by decision makers know the areas susceptible to erosion and also be used as future preventive measures against erosion. The findings of this research emphasizes the need for effective land management and conservation and can be used by decision makers to mitigate the negative effect of soil erosion.

7

Spatio-Temporal Estimation of Soil Erosion Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation Model in Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed, Philippines

Alejo Rodelio Tobias Jr., Bato Victorino A., Medina Simplicio M., Sobremisana Marisa J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 11

1--14

EN

Soil erosion is both the cause and effect of land degradation. Land use/land cover conversion that changes the inherent landscape structure of watersheds leads to soil loss increase. Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed (PCW) as a major source of irrigation, electricity, biodiversity, livelihood, and other ecosystem services, thus, it is imperative to spatially and temporally estimate the soil erosion within its boundary to assist and guide decision-makers in planning conservation and management of the watershed. Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, remotely sensed data, soil analysis, and geographical information system, the soil erosion rate in PCW was estimated. Results showed that there is increasing soil erosion in PCW over time. In 2010 soil erosion rate was estimated to be 134 tons·ha-1·yr-1 which increased to 141 tons·ha-1·yr-1 and 154 tons·ha-1·yr-1 in 2015 and 2020, respectively. Considering the average soil erosion rate and land cover types in PCW, annual crop and open/barren land cover types have the highest average soil erosion rate through time with moderate and catastrophic erosion levels, respectively.

8

Research into Soil Resource Management Technologies in Context of Aggravating Exogenic Processes

Kaminskyi Viktor, Kolomiiets Larysa, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Olt Jyri, Kaminska Valentyna, Shevchenko Ivan, Ihnatiev Yevhen, Rucins Adolfs

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

128--143

EN

The erosion of soil falls into the class of landscape destruction processes. It disturbs the balance in the geoecosystem to a significant extent, thus generating the whole spectrum of negative geo-ecological after-effects. The protection of soils against erosion and the improvement of fertility in sloped agricultural landscapes are part of the overall environmental concern that has notably aggravated lately. This has given rise to a number of topical issues for which scientific and practical solutions are urgently required. The paper describes the state of the art in the research into the issue of the protection of soils against erosion. It discusses the regional patterns in the progress of erosion processes. The integrated agro-ecological assessment of the effect that various components of the integrated erosion protection system have on the erosion resistance and properties of soils in agricultural landscapes was outlined for the development and implementation of conservation cropping systems. The study is based on the results of the long-term stationary and expeditionary field research that addressed the following issues: the natural conditions of the territory and the development of erosion processes as a result of snowmelt and rain water runoff, as well as artificial sprinkling. The research was carried out using a combination of geomorphological, cartographic and pedomorphological analysis methods and approaches. By modelling rainfalls on typical eroded chernozem soils in combination with different agricultural crop growing technologies, the quantitative characteristics for the resulting erosion losses were determined. These characteristics are needed to make long-term forecasts of the development of erosion processes in agricultural land areas in the context of intensifying exogenic processes. The tested soil-protecting agronomic technologies (subsurface blade tillage to a depth of 10–12 cm with simultaneous slitting to a depth of 40 cm, subsurface blade tillage to a depth of 20–22 cm) demonstrated their high erosion prevention efficiency. They reduced the surface run-off by a factor of 1.3–2.3, the soil loss by a factor of 1.9–12.7 in comparison to the traditional ploughing to a depth of 20–22 cm. Accordingly, the indices and conditions of the surface run-off water infiltration into the soil were also optimised with these techniques.

9

The Role of Slope Position on Soil Erosion Acceleration in the Tertiary-Quaternary Volcanic Landscape

Nhindyasari Pramasti Dyah, Maulanda Edwin, Setiawan Ogi, Sartohadi Junun, Pulungan Nur Ainun H.J.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 12

105--116

EN

Identifying the predisposing factors of soil erosion acceleration is an intriguing worldwide subject, since each site has unique characteristics. Here, the authors aimed to analyze the influence of slope position on soil erosion acceleration in the Tertiary-Quaternary Volcanic Landscape. Soil erosion was measured through a volumetric approach. Soil properties analysis included soil texture, aggregate stability, permeability, bulk density, particle density, porosity, and organic matter. Soil properties were purposively assessed at 18 sampling points. This study showed that the slope position determined soil erosion and characteristics. Typically, the dominant processes were soil aggregate destruction due to raindrops and transportation by runoff on the upper slope. In addition, greater flow volume and higher flow erosivity are the ultimate consequences of flow accumulation from the upper slope. Those processes resulted in the even distribution of 14.6 ton/ha rill erosion at the peak of the rainy season. Surprisingly, the most significant soil erosion process on the middle slope was runoff scouring, which resulted in 4.7 tons per hectare of gully erosion at some concave spots. Furthermore, the dominant mechanism on the lower slope was the debris deposition. Although the soil parameters on the middle slope were good, soil erosion developed because the overland flow reduced soil porosity and permeability. Since gully and rill erosion are the primary causes of soil loss, the slope position directly impacts the volume and direction of overland flow. Finally, controlling the soil erosion rate should be concentrated on rill and gully erosion. Communities and stakeholders can use the findings to implement sustainable land management, particularly in the regions with comparable typologies.

10

Engineering Study of Erosion to Protect the Gometseri Alazani and Pirikiti Alazani Catchment Area (Kakheti region, Akhmeta municipality, Tusheti)

Inashvili Irma, Bziava Konstantine, Pawłowicz Joanna A., Tsinadze Zaal, Janjalashvili Demetre

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2024

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Vol. 34, no. 4

223--233

EN

Soil erosion is a global environmental issue that reduces soil productivity, affects water quality, leads to sediment deposition, and increases the likelihood of agricultural land degradation. Combating erosion requires both quantitative and qualitative assessment of potential soil erosion on specific sites, along with knowledge of local terrain, soil types, land use systems, and management practices. From a theoretical and practical point of view, erosion processes are widespread and dangerous in Georgia, especially in mountainous areas. Slopes that have not been eroded or have not formed ravines are rare. Intensive landslides and mudslides are also observed here. Changes in factors associated with erosion are of interest, including the impact of climate change and human activity on components of erosional geosystems, especially on soil cover. Modern geoinformation systems (GIS) provide qualitatively new opportunities for research, modelling and optimization of the use of erosion-prone lands. Despite its wide application in many spheres of human activity, its potential in erosion research has not yet been fully realized. This article discusses about the Gometseri Alazani and Pirikiti Alazani (Akhmeta Municipality, Tusheti) catchment areas. The erosion-landslide processes developed in the research area are studied using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Erosion-vulnerable areas have been identified, where it is necessary to carry out additional engineering protection measures.

11

Impact of rainfall intensity on soil erosion based on experimental research

Majewski Mikołaj, Czuchaj Aleksandra, Marciniak Marek

Landform Analysis

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2023

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Vol. 42

25--36

EN

Soil erosion by water is influenced by a major morphogenetic factor – precipitation. Surface runoff, initiated by rainfall, plays a key role in this process. This article addresses the effects of rainfall intensity and soil moisture on soil erosion through a series of rainfall simulations of different intensity and duration. The implementation of measurements at a research station located in the Różany Stream catchment in Poznań made it possible to study the entire water balance within the slope, including precipitation, evaporation, surface runoff and infiltration. The study included various rainfall intensities, with a focus on extreme events reflecting ongoing climate change and increasing anthropopressure. Rainfall simulations were conducted on both dry and wet ground. The results showed that increasing rainfall intensity led to greater surface runoff and soil loss. Moreover, soil moisture was identified as a critical factor affecting soil erosion, with wetter conditions reducing soil loss while increasing surface runoff.

12

Soil erosion rate and hazard level at the Sianjo-anjo Reservoir watershed in Indonesia

Gusma Felia, Azmeri Azmeri, Jemi Faris Z., Rahmatan Hafnati

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

181--187

EN

The Sianjo-anjo reservoir is used to meet the need for downstream clean water. Land activity at the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed can potentially increase the rate of erosion and the silting of rivers and reservoirs due to sedimentation. Reservoir siltation is a crucial challenge for reservoir management because it can reduce its function and affect its service life. However, sediment yield is often overlooked in reservoir planning and environmental assessment. This study aims to predict the rate of land erosion and sediment yield, and create an erosion hazard map of the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed. The study used a Geographic Information System, GIS-based Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method and discovered that the erosion rate of the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed was between 35.23 Mg∙ha-1∙y-1 until 455.08 Mg∙ha-1∙y-1, with 95.85% classified as the low level, 0.03% as moderate, and 4.12% as high. Meanwhile, the sediment yield from the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed was 218,812.802 Mg∙y-1. USLE is vital to identify areas susceptible to erosion and crucial for reservoir sustainability. Furthermore, it is necessary to plan good sediment management. Long-term land conservation is required to maintain storage capacity and ensure effective operation of the reservoir.

13

A multicriteria approach to different land use scenarios in the Western Carpathians with the SWAT model

Kowalczyk Agnieszka W., Grabowska-Polanowska Beata, Garbowski Tomasz, Kopacz Marek, Lach Stanisław, Mazur Robert

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

130--139

EN

Water erosion in mountainous areas is a major problem, especially on steep slopes exposed to intense precipitation. This paper presents the analysis of the topsoil loss using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The SWAT model is a deterministic catchment model with a daily time step. It was designed to anticipate changes taking place in the catchment area, such as climate change and changes in land use and development, including the quantity and quality of water resources, soil erosion and agricultural production. In addition to hydrological and environmental aspects, the SWAT model is used to address socio-economic and demographic issues, such as water supply and food production. This program is integrated with QGIS software. The results were evaluated using the following statistical coefficients: determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliff model efficiency (NS), and percentage deviation index (PBIAS). An assessment of modelling results was made in terms of their variation according to different land cover scenarios. In the case of the scenario with no change in use, the average annual loss of topsoil (average upland sediment yield) was found to be 14.3 Mg∙ha-1. The maximum upland sediment yield was 94.6 Mg∙ha-1. On the other hand, there is an accumulation of soil material in the lower part of the catchment (in-stream sediment change), on average 13.27 Mg∙ha-1 per year.

14

Climate Change Effect on Soil Erosion in Vjosa River Basin

Marko Oltion, Gjoka Konalsi, Shkodrani Neritan, Gjipalaj Joana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

92--100

EN

Soil erosion is closely related to climate changes, because changes to temperature and precipitation regimes may alter the erosivity of rainfall. The present study aimed to project future soil erosion phenomena in the Vjosa River Basin (VRB) using climate projections under the Representative Concentrations Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. SimCLIM model was used to perform the climate projection for the years 2035 and 2050, based on historical temperature and precipitation data (2000–2015). This investigation was carried out by using Erosion Potential Method EPM to estimate the effects of climate change on soil erosion in Vjosa River Basin, Albania. Results show an increase in average min and max annual temperature for both scenarios RCP4.5 and 8.5 by the end of 2050. The evaluation of the monthly precipitations for all RCPs reveals a likely decrease in summer precipitation, and a slight positive trend of winter precipitation for all time periods up to 2050. An increase in terms of eroded material and specific eroded material was estimated from the results of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Thus, it can be stated that the study area has and will have a moderate erosion risk under these climate conditions.

15

Soil Erosion Estimation Using an Empirical Model, Hypsometric Integral and Geo-Information Science – A Case Study

Maliqi Edon, Kumar Nirmal, Latifi Loresa, Singh Sudhir Kumar

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

62--72

EN

An approach that integrates the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques was used to determine the soil erosion vulnerability of a forested mountainous watershed. The spatial pattern of annual soil loss rate was obtained by integrating geo-environmental variables in a raster data format based geoinformatics methods and tools. Thematic layers including rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodability (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C), and conservation practice (P) factors were computed to determine their effects on average annual soil loss in the Mitrovica city. The serial thematic map of annual soil erosion shows a maximum soil loss of 112.61 ton·ha-1·y-1 with a close relation to grass land areas, degraded forests and deciduous forests on the steep side-slopes (with high LS). The geographic age of the region shown by the hypsometric analysis was mature to old stage. The serial erosion maps compiled with the RUSLE model and GIS can serve as effective inputs in deriving strategies for land planning and management in terms of environment concerns.

16

Evaluation of the Impact of No-Till on Soil Erosion Using Soil Aggregate Stability and Fallout Radionuclides in Northern Morocco

Iaaich Hamza, Moussadek Rachid, Mrabet Rachid, Douaik Ahmed, Baghdad Bouamar, Benmansour Moncef, Zouagui Anis, Asserar Nezha, Bouabdli Abdelhak

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 3

241--248

EN

The aim of this work is to assess the impact of no-till based cropping system on soil erosion using two indicators. The experiment plot was under no-tillage (NT) for four years, adjacent to a plot under conventional tillage (CT) with same other management practices. The two used indicators are Le Bissonnais soil aggregates’ stability test and the activities of the fallout radionuclides (FRN) 7Be and 137Cs. For each radionuclide, the reference sites were identified and sampled using grid sampling approach and the study sites (the two plots) were sampled by applying a one-dimensional point transect sampling. Five samples were collected from each study site with 10m increment. The results showed that the mean weighted diameter (MWD) was of 2.2 for the NT plot and 2.0 for the CT plot, this indicates a lower soil detachability under the no-till system. For the FRN results, the 7Be activity showed that the NT plot retained 79% of the reference site activity and the CT plot retained 54%. The 137Cs activity tests showed also that the NT plot retained more of reference site activity. The mass balance conversion models application to the FRN results showed that the no-till system generated 10% less soil erosion rate than the conventional tillage. The results showed that in spite of needing more than 4 years implementation for statistical significance, no-till helps reducing water erosion in the hilly agricultural lands of Northern Morocco.

17

Surface erosion hazard and sediment yield for Keuliling Reservoir in Indonesia

Azmeri Azmeri, Nurbaiti Nurbaiti, Mawaddah Nurul, Yunita Halida, Jemi Faris Zahran, Sundary Devi

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

108--118

EN

The construction of the Keuliling Reservoir aims to accommodate and utilise water for agricultural purposes. In this research, soil erosion modelling using the USLE method showed that the level of erosion hazard for each Keuliling Reservoir sub-watershed was classified into low-moderate. Land erosion occurred in the area around the reservoir inundation is the most significant contribution to the magnitude of erosion (38.62Mg∙ha-1y-1. Based on the point of sediment sampling in the Keuliling reservoir, the sediment volume was 1.43 Mg∙m-3. So, the volumetric sediment input from the Keuliling reservoir watershed is 20.918,32 m3∙y-1. The degradation of reservoir function due to sedimentation can affect reservoir services. The ability to estimate the rate of watershed surface erosion and sediment deposition in the reservoir is vital for reservoir sustainability. Besides the land erosion in the Keuliling Reservoir, there are also other potential sources of erosion that can reduce the capacity of the reservoir, i.e. the rate of sedimentation from a reservoir cliff landslide. The USLE estimation results show that the soil erosion analysis provides important and systematic information about nature, intensity and spatial distribution in the watershed and sediment volume in the Keuliling Reservoir. This finding allows the identification of the most vulnerable areas and the type of erosion dominant for long-term land management.

18

Soil erosion prediction and risk assessment using RUSLE model and GIS techniques in the Nangka watershed

Saadi Yusron, Mardiana Sus, Pradjoko Eko

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

185--191

EN

Soil erosion in the Nangka watershed has always been a matter of concern. Over the last decade, soil erosion has led to continuous environmental problems. A thorough examination of the extent of the problem was required to identify an appropriate soil conservation strategy within the watershed. This study was conducted to observe erosion rates and map out the erosion hazard level. Erosion predictions were analysed by using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model with the help of ArcGIS software. RUSLE was selected because of its quantitative ability to estimate average annual soil erosion and its compatibility with the GIS interface. The potential hazard of soil erosion was classified and ranked into five class categories as set by the national authority. The results reveal that the Nangka watershed is prone to soil erosion with the annual average values ranging from 1.33 Mg·ha-1·y-1 to 2472.29 Mg·ha-1·y-1. High soil erosion rates of 9.8% are in severe (class IV) and very severe (class V) conditions, primarily in the upper course of the watershed. The low annual average of soil erosion (class I and class II), which accounted for 75.95% of the total erosion, mostly took place in the steepness below 35%. The remaining area of 14.25% within the watershed is in moderate condition (class III). It is expected that the results of this study will help the authority in the implementation of soil conservation measures.

19

Non-prismatic channels for reducing shear stress

Haddad Samir

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

|

no. 52

87--94

EN

To reduce the sediment transport capacity, shear stress needs to be reduced as well. The article describes work that has been done to find a way to make these reductions possible. The theoretical study and the approach proposed allowed us to obtain a general equation that determines conditions and calculates the most important parameters which support the reduction of shear stress. This describes the mechanism that erodes soils by free surface water flow. In a similar vein, we have shown that adding a short non-prismatic channel to the entrance of a prismatic channel, which has the same geometric shape, is a very powerful way to reduce shear stress. With the idea of reducing shear stress, we have shown that the water-surface profile type plays a key role and must therefore be included in future reflections on reducing the importance of shear stress. Additionally, the notion of efficiency was introduced that allows to evaluate the expected gain after the reduction of shear stress and adding a short non-prismatic channel. The laws of similarity applied to free surface flows allowed us to obtain an equation with several equivalence scales and compare different geometric shapes in terms of their efficiency in the reduction of shear stress.

20

Assessment of soil erosion using the GIS-based erosion potential method in the Kebir Rhumel Watershed, Northeast Algeria

Zeghmar Amer, Marouf Nadir, Mokhtari Elhadj

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

133--144

EN

Soil erosion is an important factor that should be considered when planning renewable natural resource projects, effects of which can be measured by modelling techniques. Therefore, disintegration models determine soil loss intensity and support soil conservation practices. This study estimates soil loss rates by water erosion using the Erosion Potential Method (EPM) in the Kebir Rhumel Watershed located in Northeast Algeria. The area is north to south sub-humid to semi-arid, receives irregular rainfall, and has steep slopes and low vegetation cover which makes it very vulnerable to erosion. The main factors in the EPM (soil erodibility, soil protection, slope, temperature, and rainfall) were evaluated using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and data provided by remote sensing technologies. The erosion intensity coefficient Z was 0.60, which indicates medium erosion intensity. While the results showed the average annual soil erosion of 17.92 Mg∙ha-1∙y -1, maximum and minimum losses are 190.50 Mg∙ha-1∙y-1 and 0.21 Mg∙ha-1∙y-1, respectively. The EPM model shows satisfactory results compared to some studies done in the basin, where the obtained results can be used for more appropriate management of land and water resources, sustainable planning, and environmental protection.