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Żużel hutniczy : niebezpieczny odpad, wartościowy surowiec czy źródło cennych informacji?

Kierczak Jakub, Potysz Anna, Pietranik Anna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 9

829--836

EN

Metallurgical slags are a byproduct of metal ore smelting and are classified as waste from thermal processes. The production of one tonne of copper or lead generates approximately two tonnes of slag. During thousands of years of metallurgy, vast amounts of slags have been produced and deposited in slag heaps. Although slags contain significantly less metal than the corresponding ores, their metal concentrations are still higher than those found in barren rocks. Slags have gained increasing significance in the search for alternative metal sources and with growing environmental awareness. Due to their similarity to igneous rocks, they can be studied using classical methods of Earth sciences. Results of those studies support the development of metal recovery technologies and enhance our understanding of element cycles in environments affected by human activity. Moreover, research on historical slags provides valuable insights into the development of ancient civilizations. Studying slags not only contributes to better management of metallurgical waste but also offers important knowledge about both the past and future use of mineral resources.

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80 lat nauk geologicznych na polskim Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim

Wojtulek Piotr, Pietranik Anna, Marszałek Henryk, Matusiak-Małek Magdalena

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 9

766--775

EN

In 2025, we celebrate the 80th anniversary of the establishment of geological sciences at the University of Wroclaw in Poland. The Polish pioneers of geology at the University were Prof. Henryk Teisseyre and Prof. Józef Zwierzycki, who organized the first structures and academic activities as early as the academic year 1945/1946. The currently existing Institute of Geological Sciences, formally established in 1967, is the successor to the previously existing departments of Physical Geology, Stratigraphic Geology, and Mineralogy and Petrology. Geology at the University of Wroclaw after 1945 has been developing continuously for 80 years under various conditions, both during the communist period and after the political transformation in 1989. During this time, academic teachers working at the Institute presented groundbreaking scientific works on the geology and hydrogeology of the Sudetes, Lower Silesia and Opole regions, and educated numerous generations of geologists, who now constitute the strength of the staff of the Polish Geological Survey, state administration, and geological and mining enterprises. The article summarizes the past 80 years and discusses the most important events that took place during this period at the Institute of Geological Sciences of the University of Wroclaw.

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Pollution sources and metallic elements mobility recorded by heavy minerals in soils affected by Cu-smelting (Legnica, SW Poland)

Tyszka Rafał, Pietranik Anna, Marciniak-Maliszewska Beata, Kierczak Jakub

Mineralogia

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2024

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Vol. 55, iss. 1

1--14

EN

Heavy mineral particles are widely used in Earth science studies to show sediment provenance and weathering conditions. Such particles are particularly useful in polluted soils surrounding mining and smelting facilities because heavy minerals are common by-products of these activities and may accumulate in the soils. As such, the particles are suitable indicators of metallic element carriers and their stability in the soil environment. In this study, we analyze heavy mineral particles in two soils surrounding the active copper smelter (Legnica, SW, Poland). We show that particles associated with different smelting activities dominate the heavy mineral fraction. We note the general absence of sulfides in the fraction indicating that these minerals might have been entirely dissolved, but timing of this dissolution is uncertain (before or after deposition within soils). Currently, the carriers of potentially toxic elements are mainly secondary Fe oxides. Studies aiming at better estimation of the proportion of metallic elements contained in heavy mineral particles are needed to fully use the potential of these phases in polluted soil studies. We estimate that Pb contained in Pb-rich silicate glass constitutes.

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Ocena rozwoju nauk mineralogicznych w Polsce w pierwszych dekadach XXI w.

Pietranik Anna, Janeczek Janusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 5

255--264

EN

The Mineralogical Sciences Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Polish Mineralogical Society analysed the scientific output and achievements of Polish geochemists, mineralogists, and petrologists (collectively termed mineral scientists)between 2012 and 2021. In Poland, there are 212 researchers who declare themselves as mineral scientists. According to SciVal analyses they published 2530 articles between 2012 and2021 in 829 topic clusters. Mineralogical investigations in Poland have become increasingly interdisciplinary. Polish mineral scientists have changed their way of doing research from single-authorship to ever increasing national and international collaboration involving large research groups. Unlike during the previously evaluated period between 1995 and 2011, Polish mineral scientists have increasingly contributed to solving major problems of mineral and environmental sciences. There has been increasing involvement of young researchers in achievements of Polish mineral scientists.

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Mineralogical and geochemical evidence for two-stage silicification of serpentinized peridotites from the Szklary Massif (NE Bohemian Massif)

Cieślik Błażej, Kierczak Jakub, Pietranik Anna

Mineralogia

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2022

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Vol. 53, iss. 1

20--35

EN

Previously unknown exposures of silicified serpentinites have been documented within the Szklary Massif, which is a fragment of the tectonically dismembered Central Sudetic Ophiolite (NE Bohemian Massif). On the basis of textural, mineralogical and chemical differences, two types of silicified serpentinites have been distinguished in this study (Type I and Type II). Type I is characterized by well-preserved primary minerals cut by numerous veinlets filled with microscale euhedral quartz crystals. Studied samples of Type I are enriched in silica (from 62 to 69 wt.% SiO2) and depleted in magnesium (from 10 to 19 wt.% MgO) in comparison to serpentinized peridotites from the Szklary Massif. Type II is almost exclusively composed of amorphous or poorly crystalline silica, with microquartz aggregates being the most abundant form. Silicified serpentinites of Type II show extremely high values of silica (from 83 to 90 wt.% SiO2) and low magnesium concentrations (from 4 to 8 wt.% MgO). Both types of silicified serpentinites have elevated content of REE and many other trace elements generally regarded as incompatible. We infer that the earlier silicification event was caused by the percolation of Si-rich hydrothermal fluids derived from igneous rocks, which intruded this area from ca. 380 to 330 Ma. A subsequent silicification event is the result of silica remobilization during intense chemical weathering under tropical conditions, which could have occurred between Late Cretaceous and Miocene.

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Charakterystyka mineralogiczna faz metalicznych z miedziowych żużli hutniczych Starego Zagłębia Miedziowego

Kądziołka Katarzyna, Kierczak Jakub, Pietranik Anna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 3

164--166

EN

Metallic phases (sulphides, metallic compounds and metals), constitute critical components of metallurgical slags as they concentrate most of the potentially toxic metals occurring within smelting wastes. For this reason, a detailed characterization of the metal-rich phases is crucial for proper estimation of environmental threat resulting from slags deposition. Metallic phases observed in slags were transformed from the original ore minerals during metal smelting, and they constitute an interesting field for observations of sulphides and metals susceptibility to temperature and chemistry changes. In this study, we observed that compositions similar to sulphide minerals (e.g. bornite, chalcocite, pyrrhotite) are common, but they always appear in specific sets. We distinguished 3 general types of metallic phases: copper-iron-sulphur (among which the following subtypes appear: bornite-pyrrhotite, chalcocite, and chalcopyrite, all ofthese with various exsolutions), metallic copper and iron-phosphorous (Fe-P) type. Among all the distinguished types, Fe4Pproved to be most resistant to weathering whereas the Cu-Fe-S assemblage was altered strongly when not surrounded by glass or crystalline phases. Observations revealed that iron-rich metallic phases tended to appear in amorphous slags and copperrich phases occurring within crystalline samples.