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1
Content available Zmienność czasowa stężenia naturalnych izotopów promieniotwórczych w wybranych wodach leczniczych Karpat polskich
Chau N. D., Rajchel L., Nowak J.
Przegląd Geologiczny
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2017
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Vol. 65, nr 11/1
1031--1034
EN
The paper presents, the chemical composition and the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (238U, 234U,226Ra and 228Ra) in selected therapeutic mineral waters from: Krynica-Zdrój (Zuber I, Zuber II and Słotwinka), Rabka-Zdrój (Krakus, Warzelnia and Rabka IG-2), Iwonicz-Zdrój (Elin 7 and Emma 7), Klimkówka (Klimkówka 27) and Lubatówka (Lubatówka 12). The analyses were carried outfor water samples collected twice in 2008 and in 2016. The analyzed waters are used mainly for crenotherapy and therapeutic bathing. Some waters are also bottled and used for production of cosmetics and medicinal waters. The measured uranium activity concentrations in the studied groundwater were very low, below 3 mBq/dm3 and 11 mBq/dm3 for 238U and 234U, respectively. In the case of radium isotopes (226Ra and 228Ra), their activity concentrations varied in a wide range from ca. 150 to ca. 1500 mBq/dm3. The total mineralization of the analyzed waters variedfrom 3.5 to ca. 24 g/dm3. A significant variation of both chemical composition and radium concentrations were observed in the water from Warzelnia intake. For the remaining waters, variation of 226Ra and 228Ra concentrations was observed in three (Zuber I, Słotwinka, Emma 7), and six intakes (Zuber I, Słotwinka, Krakus, Klimkówka 27, Emma 7, Elin 7), respectively.
2
Content available Ogólne charakterystyki wybranych wód mineralnych butelkowanych, mineralnych i leczniczych na Białorusi
Ushko N., Chau N. D.
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
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2017
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Vol. 18, nr 2
189--198
PL
Praca prezentuje własności fizyczne, skład chemiczny i zawartości naturalnych izotopów promieniotwórczych oraz względnych wartości δ18O, δ2H wybranych wód butelkowanych mineralnych, mineralnych i leczniczych z ujęć zlokalizowanych w różnych uzdrowiskach rehabilitacyjnych na Białorusi. Wody te zostały zebrane w okresie od 2012 do 2015 roku i analizowane w laboratoriach Wydziału Fizyki i Informatyki Stosowanej AGH oraz Wydziału Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska AGH. W większości badanych wód dominują jony Cl-, SO42-, Na+ i Ca2+, a ich mineralizacja zmienia się w szerokim zakresie od kilku set mg/dm3 aż do około 150 g/dm3, pH od 6.6 do 9.1 a Eh od -283 do 259 mV. Stężenia izotopów radu zmieniają się od ≤ 5 mBq/dm3 aż do 17.6 Bq/dm3, a aktywność właściwa 228Ra zwykle jest wyższa od 226Ra. Stężenia izotopów uranu są zawarte w zakresie od poniżej 0.5 mBq/dm3 do 75 mBq/dm3 dla 238U i do ok. 300 mBq/dm3 dla 234U. Zawartości izotopu trytu są poniżej 1.1 UT, wartości d18O są w zakresie od -10.9‰ do -7.8‰ i d2H od -84‰ do -59,4‰. Te wartości wykazują, że w badanych wodach przeważa woda zasilana z okresu holocenu. Niektóre wody mineralne zawierają składniki swoiste (Rn, Br, Fe) które nadają im własności farmakodynamiczne.
EN
This work presents the physical properties, chemical composition, natural radionuclides’ concentrations and the relative values of δ18O, δ2H of selected bottled mineral, mineral and therapeutic waters of some water intakes localized at different therapeutic centers in Belarus. The water samples were collected in the period from January 2012 to June 2015 and analyzed at the Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection and Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science laboratories, AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków Poland. The results show that the dominating ions in the majority of waters are Cl-, SO42-, Na+ and Ca2+, the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the investigated waters ranges from several hundred mg/L to near 150 g/L, pH from 6.6 to 9.2 and Eh from -283 to 259 mV. The radium isotopes concentration ranges from below the limit of detection to 17 Bq/L, and the specific activity of 228Ra is often higher than those of 226Ra. The uranium concentration range from below 0.5 mBq/L to 75 mBq/L for 238U and to 300 mBq/L for 234U. In some waters the uranium activity ratio (234U/238U) is very high. The tritium concentrations are below 1.1 UT, d18O range from -10.9‰ to -7.8‰ and d2H from -84‰ to -59.4‰. These values indicate that groundwaters are dominated by components which were recharged during the Holocene. Due to the presence of specific elements such as iron, bromine and radon, as well as hydrogen sulfide, some mineral waters are classified as therapeutic.
3
Content available Factors controlling 226Ra 228Ra and their activity ratio in groundwater – an application in Polish Carpathian mineral waters
Chau N. D., Kopeć M., Nowak J.
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
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2016
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Vol. 42, no. 3
337--351
EN
The influences of aquifer formations and water chemical composition on the occurrence and activity ratio of radium isotopes in groundwater are discussed. Based on the model of desorption/adsorption processes of natural radionuclides in the rock-water system, the concentrations of radium isotopes and their activity ratio in groundwater are evaluated by the numerical Monte Carlo method (MC). In cases where the groundwater is of a similar age, limited flow (up to several meters/year), the physical conditions and the uranium and thorium activity ratios in host water formations are similar, the activity concentrations of radium isotopes (226Ra 228Ra) and their activity ratio (226Ra / 228Ra) are the highest in the water of high desorption coefficient for chloride sodium water domination of Cl -, Na+ ions), medium in water of moderate desorption bicarbonate water – HCO3-, Ca2+) and the lowest in waters with a low desorption coefficient (sulfate ions prevailing – SO4 2-, Ca 2-). The statements are well confirmed in the case of the natural mineral waters from the Polish Outer Carpathians. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of the Polish Carpathians waters varies from several hundred milligrams per liter to several tens of thousands milligrams per liter. The minimum, maximum and average concentrations of (226Ra 228Ra) and their activity ratio (226Ra / 228Ra) are 82, 1340, 456 mBq/L, 19,1240, 354 mBq/L and 0.89, 7.6 and 2.0 for chloride waters; 4, 140, 45.8 mBq/L, 12, 171, 62.7 mBq/L and 0.3, 1.7 and 0.70 for bicarbonate waters and 0.8, 9.3, 3.6 mBq/L, 5.3, 54, 20.1 mBq/L and 0.1, 1.0, 0.3 for sulfate ones, respectively. The desorption coefficients are the highest for the Cl-Na, moderate for the HCO3-Ca and the lowest for the SO3-Ca waters (in contrast to the adsorption properties of these waters).
4
Content available Naturalna promieniotwórczość wybranych wód butelkowanych w Polsce
Chau N. D., Duliński M., Rajchel L., Nowak J.
Przegląd Geologiczny
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2013
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Vol. 61, nr 2
140--144
EN
Natural radioactivity has been measured in 22 different bottled waters from central and southern Poland. Although most of the investigated waters originate from the Outer Carpathian Mts. (Flysch Carpathians), samples from the Krakow-Częstochowa Upland, Lublin Basin, Podlasie Depression, Silesian-Krakow Monocline -Lodz Basin and Sudety Mts. were also analysed. Mineralization of these waters is dominated by the HCO), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ ions andfalls within the range from 186 mg/l to 2930 mg/l. Except for "Staropolanka 2000" and "Wielka Pieniawa", the activities of radium isotopes in all other waters are in the order of several mBq/l, with the maximum values reaching 100 mBq/l. The activities of uranium isotopes are below 75 mBq/l, with the average values of 4.9 mBq/l and 11.7 mBq/l for 238U and 234U, respectively. The calculated annual committed effective dose from uranium and radium isotopes resulting from the consumption of the investigated waters by teenagers and adults is lower than the recommended value of 0.1 mSv/year. However, if some of the analysed waters ("Dobrawa", "Nalqczowianka", "Polaris", "Aquarel", "Hermes", and highly mineralized waters) are used to prepare food for infants below 1 year old, then the annual committed effective dose will exceed the recommended value.
5
Content available Preliminary studies on natural radioactive nuclides in thermal waters
Chau N. D., Nowak J.
Nukleonika
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2012
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Vol. 57, No. 4
591-595
EN
The paper summaries the data of activity concentrations of uranium, radium isotopes, mineralization and temperature of thermal waters. The data were gathered not only from our measurements of thermal waters occurring in the Polish Carpathians, but also from the attained published references in the world. The graphical relations between concentrations of the uranium and radium isotopes in thermal waters and their parameters such as temperature and mineralization were drawn up and discussed. The relation between the contents of 226Ra and 228Ra for the investigated waters was also analysed. The relations show that the influence of temperature on the mineralization and radioactive elements in thermal waters is complicated.
6
Content available Czynniki określające stężenia i stosunki aktywności izotopów radu w wodach podziemnych
Chau N. D., Kopeć D.
Przegląd Geologiczny
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2010
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Vol. 58, nr 6
499-505
EN
Factors controlling concentration and activity ratios of radium isotopes in groundwaters are presented. The influence of lithology, hydrological conditions and chemical composition of groundwaters on radium content is discussed. Based on simple model of adsorption/desorption processes in the rock-water system, the numerical model of evolution of radium isotopes content was developed using Monte-Carlo (MC) method. Assuming that the waters are of similar age and occur under similar conditions, one can state that concentrations of radium isotopes are the highest in Na-Cl type waters, intermediate in waters with predominant carbonate mineralization, and the lowest in sulfate-type waters. In water with predominant Na-Cl mineralization the 226Ra concentration should be higher than that of 228Ra, whereas in sulfate waters this relation is inverse.
7
Content available Izotopy uranu i radu wód pitnych aglomeracji krakowskiej
Chau N. D., Kasprzykowski P., Seniuta R., Nowak J., Ochmański P.
Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego
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2009
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nr 436, z. 9/1
29-34
PL
Niniejsza praca prezentuje wyniki analizy izotopów radu i uranu (226Ra, 228Ra, 238U, 234U) w próbkach wody pobranych z zakładów uzdatniania wody i publicznych studni znajdujących się na obszarze aglomeracji krakowskiej. Na podstawie wyników pomiarowych oszacowano roczne obciążające dawki wywołane pochłonięciem izotopów radu i uranu zawartych w badanych wodach dla ludzi we wszystkich grupach wiekowych. Stwierdzono że oszacowane dawki są mniejsze niż dopuszczalny poziom (0,1 mSv/rok) z wyjątkiem grupy niemowląt z założeniem, że każde dziecko w tej grupie konsumuje dziennie 1 litr wody.
EN
This work presents the results of measurements of radium and uranium isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra, 238U, 234U) in water samples collected from drinking water plants and public artesian wells in Kraków agglomeration. Annual effective doses for people of different age groups, caused by intake of natural radioactive isotopes contained in the waters, were estimated based on the obtained radioactive data. It turned out that the estimated annual doses are lower than the permissible level (0.1 mSv), excluding those far babies aged below 1 year, assuming the consumption of 1 liter per day for every baby in the age group.
8
Content available Aktywność 210Pb w wybranych wodach podziemnych z obszaru Karpat polskich
Chau N. D., Rajchel L., Duliński M.
Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego
|
2009
|
nr 436, z. 9/1
35-40
PL
W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty analiz aktywności ołowiu 210Pb w 31 próbach wód pobranych ze źródeł i odwiertów na obszarze Karpat polskich. Badaniami objęto trzy typy chemiczne wód. W 23 przypadkach były to szczawy, reprezentowane zarówno przez wody przeznaczone do spożycia, jak i wykorzystywane w balneologii do kąpieli leczniczych. Drugim typem (3 próbki) były wody siarczkowe, stosowane głównie do kąpieli leczniczych. Trzeci typ (5 próbek) stanowiły wody chlorkowe o mineralizacji od 3,5 do 8,0 g/l, stosowane w kuracji pitnej, oraz o mineralizacji od 19 do 28 g/l - wykorzystywane do zabiegów kąpielowych. Jakkolwiek w świetle uzyskanych wyników izotop 210Pb (pojedynczo) nie stanowi zagrożenia radiologicznego, niemniej jednak powinien być uwzględniany przy szacowaniu obciążającej dawki skutecznej, wynikającej z zawartości wszystkich izotopów promieniotwórczych obecnych w wodach podziemnych dostępnych dla ogółu ludności. Szczególną uwagę należy zwrócić na zagrożenia, które mogłyby wynikać w sytuacji podawania niektórych z tych wód niemowlętom i małym dzieciom.
EN
Activity of 210Pb measured in some groundwaters of the Polish Carpathians proves that this isotope is not radiologically hazardous. However, it should be incorporated in calculations of the total effective dose resulted from intake of radionuclides present in drinking waters. A special care should be taken in situations when some of these waters are used in diet of babies and young children.
9
Content available Measurement of radon concentration in the air by PicoRad detectors
Chau N. D.
Nukleonika
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2008
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Vol. 53, suppl. 2
21--24
EN
The paper presents the theory and methodology of radon concentration measurement in the air by PicoRad detector, which consists of a porous canister held securely near the top of a plastic vial. The porous canister contains a bed of a controlled mass of charcoal (1.3 g) and silica desiccant (0.9 g). To measure the radon concentration, the vial detector is exposed in the radon laden air for a certain interval of time (24, 48 or 72 h or longer), then the liquid scintillation cocktail is added into the vial and measured by the help of a liquid scintillation counter. In this paper both radon adsorption by the charcoal detector, while it is being exposed in the radon laden air, and desorption of radon from the charcoal into the liquid scintillation cocktail were investigated. As a result, some conclusions concerning the methodology of radon measurement by PicoRad detectors have been done. The desorption factor of radon from the charcoal into the liquid scintillation cocktail was determined. The radon concentration values in the air measured by PicoRad detectors were in good agreement with those obtained by an AlphaGuard radon monitor.
10
Content available remote Natural radiation and its hazard in copper ore mines in Poland
Chau N. D., Jodłowski P., Kalita S. J., Olko P., Chruściel E., Maksymowicz A., Waligórski M., Bilski P., Budzanowski M.
Acta Geophysica
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2008
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Vol. 56, no. 2
505-517
EN
The doses of gamma radiation, concentrations of radium isotopes in water and sediments, radon concentration and concentration of alpha potential energy of radon decay products in the copper ore mine and in the mining region in the vicinity of Lubin town in Poland are presented. These data served as a basis for the assessment of radiological hazard to the mine workers and general public. The results of this assessment indicate that radiological hazard in the region does not differ substantially from typical values associated with natural radiation background. The calculated average annual effective dose for copper miners is 1.48 mSv. In general, copper ore mines can be regarded as radiologically safe workplaces.
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