Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Ship Hull Construction Analysis to the Ultimate Strength Considering Damages

Muis Alie Muhammad Zubair, Ardianti Andi, Juswan J., Rachman Taufiqur, Alamsyah A., Indah Nur, Aulia Nur Salsabila

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 2

515--521

EN

Damage to ship construction causes its structure to lose its ultimate strength. The damage could result from a collision or grounding. The ship's structural integrity following a collision or grounding must be evaluated. This is done to satisfy the ship's structural design requirements. The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of damage implemented on single and double hull construction to the ultimate strength of ship structure. The ultimate strength of a ship's hull girder following damage from a collision or grounding was ascertained a numerical approach is used in this study. The cross-section sample of the ship is taken in this study namely single and double hull of bulk carrier. The modeling of damage to the ship's bottom and side shell sections from collisions and groundings are taken into account to know the influence of damage when it is applied to single and double hull.

2

FEM Structural Analysis and CAD Hull Modelling for a Bulk Carrier - a Case Study

Pintilie Alexandru, Manea Mihaela-Greti, Cristea Ovidiu, Burlacu Paul, Mărăşescu Daniel, Clinci Catalin-Paul

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 2

503--514

EN

Due to the frequent damage encountered in the hull of bulk carriers in operation, it is necessary to analyse the possibilities to increse the performances by structural and dimensional modeling of the central area of the hull of the vessel under the effect of combined general stresses (and specific local stresses. The present paper analyzes the response of the central section of the bulk carrier of 165000 tdw for three representative cases of total stress, re-evaluated by simulation with the help of finite element analysis software. Following the interpretation of the results obtained by the finite element analysis, the authors propose some solutions to increase the structural strength of the central area of the bulk carrier of 165000 tdw. The present study shows that the structure of the cylindrical area of the hull of the analyzed ship, remodeled by finite element, ensures the compromise between the operational requirements and the design requirements imposed by the norms The structural characteristics of the central section of the ship were analyzed, the practical validation being provided by the finding that the bending moments do not exceed the permissible values imposed by the class society. Work was done on three separate cases of ship loading and corrections were made for 12 sections of the hull. The use of high-strength steel has led to a weight reduction of 22%.

3

Proposal of structural solution for portable truss bridge girder

Mikulski Erik, Chmielewski Ryszard, Wolniewicz Andrzej

Materiały Budowlane

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2025

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nr 12

131--141

EN

The paper presents a design of a portable bridge girder for heavy traffic, which is a fully original proposal, protected by patent no. P.438762, for a new structure that meets contemporary technical and operational requirements. First, the currently used design solutions for folding bridges were compared, which allowed the direction of research to be determined in order to obtain a girder design that would allow for high load-bearing capacity while minimising its own weight. The analysis of structural solutions and the use of experience gained from the operation of this type of structure have enabled the development of a new solution, which was then compared with the properties of domestic and foreign structures. The analysis shows that the developed concept of a new road bridge girder structure, once implemented, could be a continuation of domestic folding structures, while meeting all current requirements.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono konstrukcję dźwigara mostu składanego pod ruch ciężki, która stanowi w pełni autorską, chronioną patentem nr P. 438762, propozycję nowej konstrukcji spełniającej współczesne wymagania techniczno-eksploatacyjne. Na wstępie opisano wykorzystywane obecnie rozwiązania konstrukcyjne mostów składanych, co pozwoliło na określenie kierunku badań w celu uzyskania konstrukcji dźwigara o dużej nośności przy minimalizacji ciężaru własnego. Analiza rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych oraz wykorzystanie doświadczeń z eksploatacji tego typu konstrukcji pozwoliły na opracowanie nowego rozwiązania, którego właściwości porównano z właściwościami konstrukcji krajowych i zagranicznych. Z analizy wynika, że opracowana koncepcja nowej konstrukcji dźwigarów drogowego mostu składanego mogłaby po wdrożeniu stanowić kontynuację krajowych konstrukcji składanych, jednocześnie spełniając wszelkie obecne wymagania.

4

Monitoring the Structural Stability of the Church of St. Michael the Archangel in Veľké Rovné Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Mikoláš Milan, Sásik Róbert, Kovalčík Štefan, Šadláková Aneta

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 2, no. 2

art. no. 78

EN

The Church of St. Michael the Archangel in Veľké Rovné, built between 1753 and 1755, is a historically significant structure requiring continuous monitoring due to its age and structural changes over time. The preservation of such historical monuments necessitates accurate and non-invasive measurement techniques. This study employs terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to assess the geometry of its load-bearing elements, detect potential deformations, and provide essential data for conservation planning. The methodology involved high-precision TLS using Leica ScanStation C10 and P50 scanners, capturing data from 48 scan positions to ensure complete coverage of both the interior and exterior. The collected point cloud data were processed using Leica Cyclone software, allowing precise registration and analysis. In addition to TLS, other geodetic techniques were employed: precise leveling with a Leica LS15 digital level to detect height displacements and the spatial polar method using a Trimble VX total station to monitor the structural integrity of the church’s vaults and supporting elements. The combination of these methods provided a comprehensive dataset for evaluating potential deformations. Results indicated visible cracks in the vaults and roof framework, highlighting the need for continuous structural monitoring. The study also established 11 benchmark points for future height measurements, ensuring longterm observation of settlement patterns. The 3D point cloud model allowed for detailed structural analysis and provided critical insights into the church's condition. Despite the advantages of TLS, limitations were noted in capturing roof structures due to unfavorable lighting conditions, which affected texturing accuracy. The findings confirm that TLS is an effective and precise tool for monitoring historical buildings, offering high-accuracy data for structural assessment, damage detection, and conservation planning. The generated point cloud dataset serves as a valuable reference for future monitoring and comparison, supporting engineers and conservationists in determining optimal stabilization and restoration measures for the church.

5

Od algorytmu do analizy: zintegrowane modelowanie parametryczne na przykładzie kopuły Schwedlera

Jeleniewicz Katarzyna, Ibrahim Ahmed Fathy Aly Omar

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2025

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R. 81, nr 5

574--579

PL

Celem pracy było opracowanie zintegrowanego środowiska projektowego umożliwiającego równoległe generowanie modeli BIM i analitycznych w środowisku parametrycznym Grasshopper. Przykładem zastosowania była kopuła Schwedlera z otwartym wierzchołkiem, generowana algorytmem Pythona na podstawie zestawu wspólnych parametrów (promień, wysokość, liczba południków i równoleżników). Zintegrowane przepływy pracy pozwoliły jednocześnie tworzyć model fizyczny w Tekla Structures (Workflow A) oraz model obliczeniowy dla Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional (Workflow B) z wykorzystaniem narzędzi – zestawu wtyczek Geometry Gym. Modele te uwzględniały przypisanie profili, materiałów, orientacji, podpór i zwolnień elementów zgodnie z wymaganiami środowisk docelowych. Podejście to umożliwiało dynamiczną aktualizację obu modeli z poziomu jednego zestawu parametrów wejściowych. Choć kopuła była przykładem demonstracyjnym, metoda może być adaptowana do innych struktur przestrzennych. Otrzymane wyniki potwierdziły możliwość oraz skuteczność równoległego modelowania parametrycznego w inżynierii konstrukcyjnej.

EN

The aim of this study was to develop an integrated design environment enabling the parallel generation of BIM and structural analysis models within the parametric Grasshopper platform. As a demonstration case, a Trimmed Schwedler dome with an open apex was generated using a Python-based algorithm driven by a shared set of parameters (radius, height, number of meridians and parallels). The integrated workflows allowed for the simultaneous creation of a physical model in Tekla Structures (Workflow A) and an analytical model for Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional (Workflow B), using the Geometry Gym plugin suite. Both models included the assignment of profiles, materials, orientations, supports, and element releases, according to the requirements of the respective target environments. This approach enabled dynamic updates of both models from a single set of input parameters. Although the dome served as a demonstration example, the method can be adapted to other types of spatial structures. The results confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of parallel parametric modeling in structural engineering.

6

What factors will shape the future of sustainable and smart cities in Europe? Evidence from the Delphi study

Szpilko Danuta, Rzepka Agnieszka, Nica Elvira, Lăzăroiu George, Gedeon Tom

Economics and Environment

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2025

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No. 3

art. no. 1272

EN

The article aims to identify and assess the factors shaping the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe and their interrelationships. With respect to the objective, three research questions were formulated: (I) What are the factors supporting the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe?, (II) What are the limiting factors (barriers) to the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe?, (III) What are the main factors influencing the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe? As part of the research process, the following methods were applied: horizon scanning, STEEPVL analysis, the Delphi method and structural analysis. The study involved 131 experts from 28 countries, whose articles on sustainable and smart cities development are indexed in the Web of Science database. The directions analysed include: smart governance and citizen participation; renewable energy microgrids with decentralised energy trading; delegating decisions to AI-based systems; and urban digital twins. The Delphi results unambiguously indicate three main enabling factors: access to external sources of finance; advanced digital infrastructure together with data integration; and a high level of cybersecurity and data protection. The principal barriers were identified as: a low level of integration across urban systems and a lack of data interoperability; limited fiscal capacity of local authorities; and institutional resistance to change and to the digital climate transition. The results of the structural analysis indicate that institutional governance, the maturity of data infrastructure and interoperability set the trajectory of change. The findings entail practical implications: institutional governance and regulatory transparency should be strengthened; diversified, multi-source funding should be ensured; interoperability should be prioritised; and AI and digital twins should then be scaled in step with capability development and a security-by-design approach.

PL

Artykuł ma na celu identyfikację i ocenę czynników kształtujących rozwój zrównoważonych i inteligentnych miast w Europie oraz ich wzajemnych oddziaływań. W odniesieniu do celu sformułowano trzy pytania badawcze: (I) Jakie czynniki sprzyjają rozwojowi zrównoważonych i inteligentnych miast w Europie? (II) Jakie czynniki ograniczają (utrudniają) rozwój zrównoważonych i inteligentnych miast w Europie? (III) Jakie są główne czynniki wpływające na rozwój zrównoważonych i inteligentnych miast w Europie? W ramach procesu badawczego zastosowano: horizon scanning, analizę STEEPVL, metodę Delphi i analizę strukturalną. W badaniu wzięło udział 131 ekspertów z 28 krajów, publikujących artykuły z zakresu zrównoważonego i inteligentnego rozwoju miast, indeksowane w bazie Web of Science. Analizowane kierunki obejmują: smart governance i partycypację mieszkańców, odnawialne mikrosieci energetyczne ze zdecentralizowanym obrotem energią, delegowanie decyzji na systemy oparte na AI oraz miejskie cyfrowe bliźniaki. Wyniki Delphi jednoznacznie wskazują trzy główne czynniki sprzyjające: dostęp do zewnętrznych źródeł finansowania, rozwiniętą infrastrukturę cyfrową oraz integrację danych, a także wysoki poziom cyberbezpieczeństwa i ochrony danych. Za najważniejsze bariery uznano: niski poziom integracji systemów miejskich i brak interoperacyjności danych, ograniczony potencjał finansowy samorządów oraz opór instytucjonalny wobec zmiany i transformacji cyfrowo-klimatycznej. Wyniki analizy strukturalnej wskazują zaś, że sterowanie instytucjonalne, dojrzałość infrastruktury danych i interoperacyjność wyznaczają trajektorię zmian. Z uzyskanych wyników wynikają implikacje praktyczne: należy wzmocnić sterowanie instytucjonalne i przejrzystość prawa, zapewnić wieloźródłowe finansowanie, nadać priorytet interoperacyjności, a następnie skalować AI i cyfrowe bliźniaki wraz z rozwojem kompetencji i podejściem security-by-design.

7

Three-axis forces and torque sensor

Młotek Paweł, Mynarek Piotr, Kowol Marcin

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 4, Special Section

art. no. e153437

EN

This paper describes research on a prototype of a multi-axis force and torque sensor dedicated to the support system of a telescopic camera crane arm. Based on studies conducted on an actual telescopic camera crane arm, the requirements that the sensor must meet to enable precise control of the drives in two working axes of the telescopic camera crane arm were defined. In the sensor developed, a method for measuring forces and torques using an optical displacement sensor was proposed. A simplified sensor prototype was made to verify the assumptions, and measurement tests were carried out. Additionally, the paper presents a CAD model of the sensor using an elastic pin, based on which a numerical model was developed, and calculations of displacements and mechanical stresses were performed.

8

Design conversion, and performance estimation of BLDC motor in hybrid electric vehicle

Ganesan Thenmozhi, Vanaraj Chandra, Subramanian Manoharan, Alagesan Radhika

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 2

art. no. e153424

EN

The core concept in this paper is to hybridize a conventional engine-powered two-wheeler into a hybrid electric vehicle. The shift in the consumers’ mindset from conventional IC engine vehicles to electric/hybrid vehicles may be a challenge due to the high initial investment. Hence, as a preliminary work, it is proposed to convert an IC engine vehicle to a hybrid electric vehicle considering factors such as affordability, user control, and flexibility. To make the hybrid vehicle available at an affordable price, lead-acid batteries are used for the study. Also, the BLDC motor used in this vehicle was designed and developed according to the available design constraints. The moped was redesigned to operate in either engine or electric mode individually depending on the rider’s desire and can switch over to any mode at any time as intended. This is achieved using a unique switching mechanism constructed using needle roller bearings. The concept of hybridization thus results in reduced emissions, especially in stop-go traffic where electric mode can be used, and the performance of hybrid electric vehicles is estimated.

9

First-Principles Investigation of Structural and Electronic Properties and Spin Polarizability of Cu(3-x)MnxAl (x = 0,1) Intermetallic Compounds

Feizi Khanghah Marefat, Kurnaz Süleyman Can

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2025

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Vol. 70, iss. 1

489--498

EN

Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) including transition metals and p-block metals exhibit high resistance to corrosion and oxidation, low density, high conductivity, and magnetic polarizability. In this study, the first-principles calculations method based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been used to investigate the structural and electronic properties, charge density distribution, spin polarizability, and magnetic behavior of Cu(3-x)MnxAl (x = 0,1) intermetallic compounds. Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) was employed with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation. Calculation of metallic and conductive nature and structural properties was performed simultaneously for all crystal lattices of Cu(3-x)MnxAl (L12, D03, and Heusler L21) with 221-Pm3m, 225-Fm3m space groups. Notably, the study clarifies the stoichiometric similarity and difference between L12 and D03 type structures by presenting a detailed discussion of the D03 structure and its targeted properties for the first time. The lattice constant values obtained by performing various optimizations are in excellent agreement with previously reported experimental and theoretical data. The electron density distribution and population analysis are consistent and reveal the dominant bonding type in each IMC. Furthermore, Spin Polarizability analysis has been carried out to demonstrate the magnetic nature of the Cu2MnAl (L21) Full Heusler alloy upon the addition of the Mn atom.

10

Structural and economic analysis of changes in design parameters of urban railway stations: a case study

Wu Zhengyu, Madadi Amirhossein, Khoshtabkh Mostafa, Sajjadi-Attar Seyed Mohammad, Nezamdoost Behzad, Siami Basir

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 71, nr 3

111--128

EN

Structural and economic analysis of changes in design and construction parameters of sections of urban railway stations is conducted. Station I2 of line 2 of Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran urban railway is considered as a sample station to be studied. Considering the existing condition of the station as a reference design, the effects of changes of concrete compressive strength, section height and type of rebar on load-bearing capacity of the structure are investigated. Further, economic analysis of the mentioned changes is conducted to obtain the most efficient design. The results indicate that bending members play more important roles; thus, an increase of concrete compressive strength could not substantially affect the decrease of area of reinforcement in those members. The minimum concrete compressive capacity that can be utilized in I2 station is C25 grade, so that the lower concrete grades could not meet the structural requirements. Furthermore, the results of parametrical analysis show that an increased concrete compressive strength as well as a decreased section height leads to a similar cost and load-bearing capacity to the reference design, while including better durability and lifetime characteristics. In this way, with the purpose of obtaining a similar load-bearing capacity to the reference design, utilization of rebar with increased strength grade (AIV instead of AIII rebar) can also result in decreasing the area of reinforcement, which can be followed by a 9% added value for the project.

11

Analysis of the development possibilities of modular construction

Siewczyńska Monika

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 71, nr 3

129--144

EN

The work reviews selected aspects of modular construction based on the literature that describes solutions used in residential and public buildings. The impact of construction on the environment and human health, as well as the time and cost of the investment, was considered. Design recommendations and preliminary assumptions for module dimensions are presented depending on the type of transport and type of structure. The types of structures and building materials used in modular buildings in Poland were collected, and then the parameter of the global warming potential of materials available in Europe was compared based on their declaration cards of environmental products. Based on the collected information, a brainstorming session was conducted between industry experts and scientists from the universities of technology to define the STEEPVL analysis factors, which identified several important factors that affect the development potential of modular construction in Poland. The results of the first analysis were then subjected to a structural analysis to identify key factors, purpose, determinants, and results. The result of the research was the preparation of proposals for current activities toward the future development of modular construction, with particular emphasis on the educational offer.

PL

W pracy dokonano przeglądu wybranych aspektów budownictwa modułowego na podstawie literatury opisującej rozwiązania stosowane w budynkach mieszkalnych i użyteczności publicznej. Uwzględniono wpływ budowy na środowisko i zdrowie ludzi, a także czas i koszt realizacji inwestycji. Przedstawiono zalecenia projektowe i wstępne założenia dotyczące wymiarów modułów, w zależności od rodzaju transportu i rodzaju konstrukcji. Zebrano rodzaje konstrukcji i materiałów budowlanych, stosowanych w budynkach modułowych w Polsce, a następnie porównano potencjał tworzenia efektu cieplarnianego materiałów dostępnych w Europie na podstawie kart deklaracji środowiskowych. Na podstawie zebranych informacji przeprowadzono burzę mózgów pomiędzy ekspertami branżowymi i naukowcami z uczelni technicznych w celu zdefiniowania czynników analizy STEEPVL identyfikujących istotne czynniki wpływające na potencjał rozwojowy budownictwa modułowego w Polsce. Wyniki pierwszej analizy poddano następnie analizie strukturalnej w celu zidentyfikowania kluczowych czynników, celu, determinant i wyników. Efektem badań było przygotowanie propozycji bieżących działań na rzecz przyszłego rozwoju budownictwa modułowego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem oferty edukacyjnej.

12

Structural and dynamic performance of a street sweeper chassis with diagonal suspension subjected to standard speed bumps

Silva Guzman Christian David, Condori Jacinto Edwin Efrain, Silva Vidal Yuri Lester, Beltran Quispe Waygand Freddy, Diaz Arapa Christofer Alex

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 12

138--155

EN

This study presents the design and validation of a chassis made from AISI 1040 steel for unmanned electric street sweepers, focusing on its structural response to standard road humps in urban environments. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted in Altair Inspire, and dynamic simulations were performed in MATLAB Simulink to evaluate both static and regulatory dynamic loads, including speed bump impacts. A diagonal suspension system was integrated to improve load distribution, reducing deformations by 22% compared to conventional configurations. Modal analysis revealed three critical vibration modes (50.33 Hz, 69.85 Hz, and 78.11 Hz), each with effective mass participation above 15%, informing structural reinforcements. Dynamic simulations confirmed that the proposed chassis design maintains high structural integrity under transient urban loading scenarios, with stress levels significantly below the elastic limit of AISI 1040 steel. Leveraging meshless finite element analysis and quarter-car dynamics, the structure proved resilient to road-induced impacts, ensuring durability, minimal deformation, and adaptability.

13

Architektoniczne projektowanie wstępne uwzględniające optymalizację układów konstrukcyjnych

Wiercińska Milena, Gryniewicz Marcin

Przegląd Budowlany

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2024

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R. 95, nr 6

146--149

PL

Przedmiotem analiz jest ocena możliwości uwzględnienia kształtu elementów konstrukcyjnych o zmiennym przekroju poprzecznym na etapie tworzenia koncepcji przez samych architektów. Do tego celu zaprezentowano koncepcje architektoniczne form szkieletowych o wstępnie zoptymalizowanym zużyciu materiału, jednocześnie oferujących oryginalne walory estetyczne. Są one optymalne pod względem rozkładu sił i wyraźnie odróżniają się od konwencjonalnych elementów konstrukcyjnych o stałym przekroju. Otrzymana forma ma docelowo obowiązywać też jako kluczowa koncepcja artystyczna danego obiektu. Niniejszy artykuł może być materiałem wyjściowym do interdyscyplinarnych badań nad optymalizacją zużycia materiału, spajających pracę architekta i konstruktora we wczesnych stadiach projektowania obiektu budowlanego.

EN

The subject of the analysis is to examine the possibility of considering the shape of structural elements with variable cross-sections at the conception stage, by the architects only. For this purpose, architectural concepts of structural forms with pre-optimised material utilisation are presented, offering original aesthetic qualities at the same time. Thus, they are optimised in force distribution and, moreover, clearly different from conventional structural elements with constant cross-sections. The resulting form is intended to take effect as a key artistic concept for the building. Furthermore, this article can become a starting point for interdisciplinary research into material optimisation, combining the work of an architect and a structural designer.

14

Structural Analysis and Pegmatite Differentiation in the Ancient Claim, Giraúl IV, Namibe Pegmatite District, Angola

Leal Gomes Carlos

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

33--42

EN

Since the early 60´s, in the past XX century, the Giraúl pegmatites have been known for their resources of beryl, mica and feldspars, which were exploited in a regular basis from Giraúl claims I to IV till 1974, during the Portuguese administration of Angolan territory. A broader exploration of this pegmatite field was performed by the ancient Lobito Mining Company (LMC) engaged in detailed geological mapping of the granitic pegmatites and the structural constraints of their location. A structural map of the region was than elaborated, combining the interpretation of aerial photographs with field work performed by the LMC geologists. Recently, a growing economic interest is attributed to these claims, in the region of Bulamucolocai, Pitau and Muvero desert-dry rivers (locally known as “Mulolas”), considering the Li, Cs, and Ta (LCT) metallic specialization of some pegmatite bodies and the occurrence of beryl and tourmaline gemstones, mainly, morganite (Cs-beryl), aquamarine and also elbaite-liddicoatite. Giant crystals of spodumene, up to 6 m in length, define individualized quartz + spodumene units inside some of the more typical LCT pegmatite bodies. Pollucite was identified in the main pegmatites of Giraúl IV claim and not in the adjacent igneous leucocratic breccias. These, in turn, correspond to a complex pegmatite assemblage, very peculiar in what concerns its selective metasomatic effect over some surrounding rocks, with the formation of rims of holmquistite amphibole in contact with gabbro and norite and schorl-dravite tourmaline in contact with gneissic to metapelitic hosts. The breccia-like granitic rock combines clasts of spodumene an K-feldspar with a matrix mainly composed of some quartz, albite and mica including tourmaline, garnet and F-apatite, as accessory minerals. In the same area, huge potassic pegmatites hold giant crystals of microcline and orthoclase and very little quartz, being unusual due to its high content of triplite – zwieselite and triphylite – lithiophilite primary phosphates. The overall composition of these pegmatites is more likely syenitic (low quartz content) than truly granitic. A high-resolution structural analysis of the LCT ensemble (pegmatite plus related lithotypes) is now proposed enhancing the unusual relations between granite breccia plugs, sill-like more typical pegmatites, irregular shaped isodiametric bodies and products of metasomatism. This approach will lead to the understanding of the true dimension, anatomy and inner fraccionation of the different LCT facies and rare-metal deposits with obvious consequences regarding mineral detection and resource – reserve estimation, through the proposal of a more suitable conceptual model to rule its exploration.

15

Space debris capture - about new methods of tethered space net opening by tubular booms

Pałgan Tomasz, Dacko Adam, Rataj Mirosław, Polak Szymon

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

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2024

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Vol. 59, No. 1

1--10

EN

Nowadays, space debris is one of the main subjects of discussion regarding satellites in Earth’s orbit. Right now, there are about 26,000 orbiting satellites and only few of these satellites are operational. Recently, the Polish space sector has been strongly growing and delivering instruments working in space. The first part of this paper describes the several space instruments designed in the Space Research Centre Polish Academy of Science (SRC PAS). Instruments such as SWI, RPPWI, LPPWI, Ebox or Pre-boxes have been created for a mission to Jupiter named “JUICE”. After fulfilling their scientific mission, these instruments can increase the amount of debris in space. This is one of the reasons for taking up the topic of space debris reduction and the use of technical solutions used in this mission for the proposed solution presented later. The second part of this paper describes the new methods related to space debris. The activities can be related to the space debris removal programmes. The paper describes two methods developed by Polish scientists used for removal of space debris. One of them is the new capture method and mechanism designed for it. The special mechanism is based on tubular boom application for opening the net, to capture the space debris. The main parts of the mechanism are mechanisms which have been used in the JUICE space mission. The paper describes the main idea for these new methods, and for the design part prepared the strength confirmation by structural analysis. The main function of the mechanism has been verified by simulations and tests performed in laboratories.

16

Wybrane przykłady modelowania i analizy strukturalnej problemów decyzyjnych w budownictwie

Śladowski Grzegorz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 1-2

98--102

PL

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na ważny aspekt, jakim jest modelowanie i analiza strukturalna problemów w procesie decyzyjnym. Zaprezentowane podejście systemowe na tle klasycznych wielokryterialnych metod wspomagania decyzji pozwala uwzględnić różne współzależne zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne relacje między kryteriami i wariantami decyzyjnymi, co jest istotne z perspektywy modelowanej rzeczywistości. Przedstawiono podstawowe metody modelowania i analizy struklturalnej, a całość rozważań została poparta wybranymi przykładami problemów decyzyjnych w budownictwie.

EN

This paper notes the important aspect of the modeling and structural analysis of problems in decision making. Against classical multi-criteria decision-making support methods, the presented approach considers different co-dependent external and internal relations between criteria and decision alternatives, which is significant from the standpoint of the reality we aim to model. Essential structural modeling and analysis methods were presented, and the entire discussion was backed by samples of decision problems from the construction sector.

17

The structure of the Silesian Beskid Block in the Vistula River source area in the Western Outer Carpathians (southern Poland)

Sikora Rafał

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2023

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Vol. 93, No. 2

137--163

EN

This paper presents new results of a detailed structural analysis of the bedrock of the Vistula source area within the Silesian Beskids (Outer Western Carpathians, S Poland). The bedrock of the study area is composed of the Upper Cretaceous flysch series of the Upper Godula Beds and Lower Istebna Beds. The study area is located on the southern limb of the Szczyrk Anticline within the Silesian Beskid Block. The research is based on cartographic field work and remote sensing analysis of a digital elevation model from LiDAR data. The structural analyses were supported by the extraction of the topolineaments and their spatial analysis. The results presented show that the monoclinal bedrock structure of the study area can be characterized by a systematic joint pattern, which determined the existence of faults and fault zones. Moreover, detailed analyses show differences in fracturing of the sedimentary strata and the existence of hidden fracture zones, not visible in the previous map view. Most of the faults are related to an orthogonal joint system, whereas the transverse and longitudinal faults are connected with fold and thrust structures that are exposed in outcrops and reflected in the topography. Kinematic analysis shows that the NW–SE-trending transverse faults underwent dextral movements, while the ENE–WSW-trending longitudinal faults recorded sinistral displacements. Furthermore, older strike-slip and oblique-slip displacements along faults were overprinted by normal dip-slip faulting. The new tectonic and relief data show no existence of the Gościejów Syncline in the northern part of the study area, which was depicted on previous maps. In conclusion, normal faulting and damage of the bedrock along fracture zones are interpreted as being related to the posttectonic, gravitational collapse of the rock massif. Its detailed recognition is very important for the further study of relationships between bedrock structure and mass movement characteristics, such as the geometry and kinematics of landslides.

18

Physical and reliability aspects of high-pressure ammonia water pipeline failures

Michnej Maciej, Młynarski Stanisław, Pilch Robert, Sikora Wojciech, Smolnik Maksymilian, Drożyner Przemysław

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2022

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Vol. 24, no. 4

728--737

EN

The paper concerns the problem of the occurrence of failures of the high-pressure ammonia water pipeline of the coke oven battery complex, which is affected by chemical and thermal factors as well as the operating pressure occurring during its use. Pipeline failures manifested themselves as leaks (leakage of the medium) due to cracks in the area of the pipeline thermal elongation compensators. The conducted tests included, among others: visual inspection, penetration tests, macroscopic and microscopic tests as well as chemical analysis of the material. The study includes microscopic photographs of the material structure and cracks. The results of the pipeline strength and reliability analysis were also presented. On the basis of the conducted research and analyses conclusions were formulated. The assumed cause of the damage was the incorrectly made welded joints. Formulated recommendations and proposals for actions aimed at avoiding further failures of this and similar pipelines were related to the inspection time and preventive renewal.

19

Optimization of gear teeth in the wind turbine drive train with gear contact’s uncertainty using the reliability-based design optimization

Lee Changwoo, Park Yonghui

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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LXIX, nr 4

713--728

EN

Although gear teeth give lots of advantages, there is a high possibility of failure in gear teeth in each gear stage in the drive train system. In this research, the authors developed proper gear teeth using the basic theorem of gear failure and reliability-based design optimization. A design variable characterized by a probability distribution was applied to the static stress analysis model and the dynamics analysis model to determine an objective function and constraint equations and to solve the reliability-based design optimization. For the optimization, the authors simulated the torsional drive train system which includes rotational coordinates. First, the authors established a static stress analysis model which gives information about endurance limit and bending strength. By expressing gear mesh stiffness in terms of the Fourier series, the equations of motion including the gear mesh models and kinematical relations in the drive train system were acquired in the form of the Lagrange equations and constraint equations. For the numerical analysis, the Newmark Beta method was used to get dynamic responses including gear mesh contact forces. From the results such as the gear mesh contact force, the authors calculated the probability of failure, arranged each probability and gear teeth, and proposed a reasonable and economic design of gear teeth.

20

Structure and metamorphism of the Dardania zone in the eastern part of Gjilan region (Kosovo)

Kutllovci Festim

Mining Science

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2021

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Vol. 28

93--102

EN

The Dardanian zone represents the western part of the Rhodope crystalline basement. This zone was structured and metamorphosed during the Hercynian and post Hercynian tectonic stages. The important aspects have been identified in the structure and metamorphism from this part of western Rhodopes. The geological setting of study region has clarified the most important aspects regarding: structural geology, deformation, tectonics, and metamorphism. The studied region represents an important node in the geology of Kosovo and beyond. In this region there is the border of the Vardar unit and the Serbo-North Macedonian tectonic unit (Dardania Massif). The Serbo-North Macedonian Massif (eastern part of Kosovo) structurally represents the upper part of Dacia and the innermost whole, compared to the Carpathian-Balkanids described above. The Crystalline belt of metamorphic rocks belongs to high-grade metamorphism. The rocks of the Upper Complex represent a volcano-sedimentary sequence that is metamorphosed only under greenschist facies conditions. The Lower Complex consisting of gneiss, micaschists and to a lesser extent amphibolites, quartzites, marbles and migmatites. The main event of the Hercynian tectonic period that structured the rocks forming in the Dardania zone is associated with the regional deformation D2. Its intensity is depending on the type of rocks, but it is noted an increase of the intensity from west to east. The associated schistosity S2(penetrating schistosity)is an axial plane schistosity of the isoclinals folds S0, S1. The schistosity S2 is homogenous, with an average strike direction of 345° and dip direction of 45°. The intersection lineation (L2) and the fold axis (B2) are very homogenous with the dip azimuth toward N (350°) and dip angle of 10°. The deformation D3 is associated with the crenulations of schistosity S3. The schistosity S3 represents the axial plan of the kink fold and crenulation. The schistosity S3 is very heterogeneous and it is difficult to arrive at conclusions regarding the average direction of this planar structure also to judge the kinematic aspects of the movement. Likewise, the axis of the crenulations B3 and L3 lineation represent relative heterogeneous linear structures. The deformation D4 is associated with the fracture schistosity S4. The schistosity S4 often show the axial plan of the open parallel folds. The schistosity S4 is homogenous with the range East–West with symmetric drop (in the N and S), by proving that we are dealing with a phase of deformation with an extensional tectonic regime (with the direction N–S).