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1

Suspension of a firefighter from duty: procedure, consequences and statistics (2013–2024)

Witczak Damian, Witczak Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 94 (tom 2)

211--224

EN

The article attempts to thoroughly address the issue of suspending firefighters from their duties during the years 2013–2024. It involves the applicable legal regulations, stages of administrative procedures, and the authorities responsible for issuing such decisions. The article also examines the legal and professional implications of suspension. A novel aspect in the research approach is the inclusion of statistical data regarding the number and course of proceedings in the discussed period, which not only describe the legal mechanisms but also evaluate their practical functioning. The aim of the article is to analyze the legal and practical aspects of suspending firefighters from their duties and to assess the effectiveness of this institution in light of the data from 2013–2024. The work aims not only to present the procedures but also to add value by diagnosing administrative practice in this area, constituting a new element in Polish literature on the subject. The following research questions have been posed: Is the firefighter suspension procedure in line with the principles of the rule of law and does it provide the officer with appropriate guarantees? What are the legal, professional, and social effects of suspension from service? Was the suspension institution applied more frequently in certain years and for what reasons? The following hypotheses have also been formulated: 1. The procedure for suspending an officer is highly formalized and standardized, yet not always transparent to the participants in the proceedings. 2. Suspension causes significant and lasting legal and social effects on the officer, regardless of the final outcome of the case. 3. During the analyzed period, significant quantitative and qualitative changes in the application of the suspension institution can be observed. The study applied the method of legal (dogmatic) analysis through a review of the legislation governing the suspension of officers in their duties, case law, and literature on the subject. The empirical part employed statistical analysis—the numerical data concerning administrative proceedings conducted by the relevant authorities in the years 2013–2024 were compiled. This data was obtained from official sources (reports from the National Headquarters of the Fire Service, public inquiries), allowing a reliable comparative analysis. The innovative nature of the work is demonstrated in the combination of normative analysis with an empirical assessment of the effectiveness and frequency of suspension in practice. Previous publications have mainly focused on the description of legal provisions—this study fills a gap in the literature by evaluating to what extent suspensions are implemented in accordance with the letter and spirit of the law and what effects they have on officers.

2

Leadership in companies oriented towards the creation of shared and responsible value

Jankowska-Mihułowicz Marzena, Kowalska Katarzyna

Economics and Environment

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2025

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No. 3

art. no. 1079

EN

Purpose: to identify the directions of evolution of leadership paradigms and to define characteristics and conditions of sustainable leadership now and in the future in companies focused on creating shared and responsible value. Methodology, approach: systematic review, analysis and synthesis. Examples of the leadership practices of well-known enterprises which can be benchmarks for success. Findings: The directions of evolution of leadership paradigms have been identified and the characteristics and conditions of sustainable leadership have been defined for the present and the future. Leadership in companies oriented towards the creation of shared and responsible value mainly requires the application of the paradigm of sustainable leadership, the pursuit of heterarchy and holarchy, partnership, group decision-making and cultural cooperation. Leadership determines an organisation’s ability to create value for the company and its stakeholders, building an organisational culture based on trust; a culture most difficult for competitors to copy. Creating shared value in an organisation provides opportunities for the company to sustainably grow in the long term. Research limitations: the potential possibility of extending the systematic review to databases other than Web of Science and Polish libraries, and of expanding the criteria for selecting and analysing examples of business practices. Practical and social implications: promoting favourable values and sustainable leadership practices in enterprises. Originality, value: a comprehensive analysis of leadership and an explanation of its importance in the creation of shared and responsible value by companies, including examples of their good and bad practices. This paper contributes to the knowledge about characteristics and conditions of sustainable leadership and fills a research gap by focusing on the link between leadership in a company and its sustainable performance. The paper also has many implications for both researchers and practitioners in the field of business management.

PL

Cel: określenie kierunków ewolucji paradygmatów przywództwa oraz zdefiniowanie cech i warunków zrównoważonego przywództwa obecnie i w przyszłości, w przedsiębiorstwach skupiających się na tworzeniu wspólnej i odpowiedzialnej wartości. Metodyka, zastosowane podejście: przegląd systematyczny, analiza i synteza. Przykłady praktyk przywódczych znanych przedsiębiorstw, które mogą stanowić benchmark sukcesu. Wnioski: zidentyfikowano kierunki ewolucji paradygmatów przywództwa oraz zdefiniowano cechy i uwarunkowania zrównoważonego przywództwa na teraźniejszość i przyszłość. Przywództwo w przedsiębiorstwach zorientowanych na kreowanie wspólnej i odpowiedzialnej wartości wymaga głównie zastosowania paradygmatu przywództwa zrównoważonego, dążenia do heterarchii i holarchii, partnerstwa, grupowego podejmowania decyzji i współpracy kulturowej. Od przywództwa zależy zdolność organizacji do kreowania wartości dla firmy i jej interesariuszy, budowania kultury organizacyjnej opartej na zaufaniu; kultury najtrudniejszej do kopiowania przez konkurentów. Kreowanie wspólnej wartości w organizacji daje możliwości zrównoważonego rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa w długim okresie. Ograniczenia: potencjalna możliwość rozszerzenia przeglądu systematycznego na bazy danych inne niż Web of Science i polskie biblioteki oraz rozszerzenia kryteriów doboru i analizy przykładów praktyk biznesowych. Zastosowania praktyczne i społeczne: promowanie korzystnych wartości i praktyk zrównoważonego przywództwa w przedsiębiorstwach. Oryginalność, wartość dodana: kompleksowa analiza przywództwa oraz wyjaśnienie jego znaczenia w kreowaniu wspólnej i odpowiedzialnej wartości przez przedsiębiorstwa, z uwzględnieniem przykładów ich dobrych i złych praktyk. Artykuł ten wnosi wkład w wiedzę na temat cech i warunków zrównoważonego przywództwa oraz wypełnia lukę badawczą, skupiając się na powiązaniach między przywództwem w przedsiębiorstwie a jego zrównoważonym funkcjonowaniem. Artykuł ma również wiele implikacji zarówno dla naukowców jak i praktyków w dziedzinie zarządzania.

3

The Use of Wargames in the Development of Decision-Making Skills

Makowiec Paweł

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2024

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Vol. 56, No. 4(214)

43--65

EN

This article attempts to discuss the use of wargames as a tool for shaping decision-making skills in the tactical training of commissioned and non-commissioned officers. The use of games during training activities, due to active participation and utilisation of various methods and techniques, provides a wide range of opportunities to train and improve the skills of personnel with respect to command process, decision-making, management as well as application of tactics, techniques and procedures at various levels. In the author’s opinion, the use of tactical decision games and matrix decision games, whose structure and course are discussed in the article, plays a particularly important role in the training process.

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę omówienia zastosowania gier wojennych jako narzędzia kształtowania umiejętności decyzji w szkoleniu taktycznym kadry oficerskiej i podoficerskiej. Użycie gier w czasie zajęć szkoleniowych ze względu na aktywne uczestnictwo i zastosowanie różnych metod i technik daje szerokie możliwości szkolenia i doskonalenia umiejętności personelu w zakresie procesu dowodzenia, podejmowania decyzji, zarządzania i zastosowania technik, taktyk i procedur na różnych szczeblach. W opinii autora szczególną rolę w procesie szkolenia odgrywa użycie taktycznych gier decyzyjnych oraz macierzowych gier decyzyjnych, których struktura i proces rozgrywki zostały omówione w artykule.

4

Selected Problems of the Decision-making Process in Logistics Companies

Ścibiorek Zbigniew, Kruszyński Michał

Logistics and Transport

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2024

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Vol. 61-62, No. 1-2

5--19

EN

The article emphasises that decision making is becoming an increasingly complex process. This is influenced by a number of factors, in particular by the dynamics of change and the strong influence of the environment. These factors, along with the internationalisation of a number of phenomena, affect the functioning of logistics companies. In order to make correct and effective decisions, information is essential. This information is not always certain (reliable). Uncertainty and risk accompany managers in the logistics industry. In many cases, the complexity of circumstances makes it difficult to ensure that decisions are appropriate to the situation and that they provide a realistic basis for achieving the desired objectives. Interdisciplinary knowledge and a high level of competence of decision-makers in complex decision-making problems are indispensable. Such requirements arise from contemporary conditions. This, in turn, argues for an increase in the competence of the TSL industry personnel.

5

Moral dilemmas of defence decisions in situations of threats of physical aggression – comparative analysis between 1999 and 2018

Kałużny Ryszard

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2023

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Vol. 55, No. 1(207)

5--19

EN

In this article, the author interprets the results of research on moral dilemmas of making decisions as to how to defend oneself against physical aggression. In one instance, aggression is directed against the respondent with the intent to kill, in the other, against a bystander with no clear intent. Research conducted by the author both in 1999 and in 2018 involved 1st year military school students (basic training period). The conducted comparative analysis of empirical data allows the author to conclude that the morality of decisions concerning defensive actions in situations of threats of physical aggression depends primarily on the person against whom the aggression is directed (respondent, bystander) and the intensity of aggression. The analysis also gives grounds for postulating a thesis that between 1999 and 2018, there has been a positive change in the moral awareness of candidates for the Officer Corps of the Polish Armed Forces.

PL

Autor w niniejszym tekście interpretuje wyniki badań dotyczące moralnych dylematów podejmowanych decyzji, co do sposobów obrony przed agresją fizyczną. Agresją, w jednym przypadku skierowaną na respondenta z zamiarem pozbawienia go życia, w drugim na osobę postronną bez wyraźnie określonego zamiaru. Badaniami realizowanymi przez autora zarówno w roku 1999, jak i w roku 2018 objęto studentów uczelni wojskowej z I roku studiów (okres szkolenia podstawowego). Przeprowadzona analiza porównawcza danych empirycznych uprawnia autora do stwierdzenia, że moralność decyzji dotyczących działań obronnych w sytuacjach zagrożeń agresją fizyczną zależy przede wszystkim od tego, na kogo została skierowana owa agresja (respondent, osoba postronna) oraz od jej natężenia. Daje również podstawy do postawienia tezy, że na przestrzeni lat 1999-2018 nastąpiła pozytywna zmiana w świadomości moralnej kandydatów do korpusu oficerów Wojska Polskiego.

6

Overview of multi-attribute decision analysis tools for selecting an investment option in municipal heat energy

Dawiec Dominika, Ginda Grzegorz

Decision Making in Manufacturing and Services

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2023

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Vol. 17

5--19

EN

Municipal district heating systems in Polish cities constitute important elements of these municipalities (and not only of their technical infrastructures). Due to the nature of the basic service that is provided – providing heat (and perhaps year-round comfort in the future) – these systems can be perceived as important parts of the social infrastructures of the cities, creating the appropriate conditions for the existence of people, the functioning of social infrastructure facilities, and the operations of enterprises. The need for heating companies to adapt to any changes in the requirements that arise as a result of the economic, social, environmental, and (increasingly) political and legal changes that take place in its immediate and distant environment requires the implementation of investments. However, the effects of such investments are multidimensional and largely difficult to measure; they depend on the passage of time and complex conditions that are related to the pursuit of sustainable development and security. Their reliable assessment therefore requires the use of appropriate tools. This paper is devoted to an analysis of the practical usefulness of multi-attribute decision-analysis tools in this context, taking various types of such tools into account as well as the conditions for their effective applications. The most promising of these tools is also introduced and discussed.

7

The Innovative Activities Improving Competitiveness of Transport Companies

Wiśniewski Grzegorz

Logistics and Transport

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2022

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Vol. 53-54, No. 1-2

61--77

EN

The article refers to the challenges aimed at identifying decisions that translate into optimization in the TFL industry, on the example of selected activities of transport companies. Awareness of high competitiveness should influence the well-thought-out directions of development of business owners and managerial staff in the context of creating the company’s distinguishing features. They should be viewed on a global scale in order to increase profit and optimize costs. The article shows a direct connection between optimal patterns of action and the undertaken non-intuitive and innovative activities with the possible development of market niches. The publication draws attention to the multi-threaded and above-standard strategies chosen by selected road transport employers.

8

Koncepcja pętli decyzyjnej Johna Richarda Boyda : OODA Loop

Kittel Wojciech Jerzy

Kwartalnik Bellona

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2022

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Nr 4

47--70

PL

Wejście rosyjskiej agresji na Ukrainę z 24 lutego 2022 roku w nową fazę ożywiło w Polsce i państwach Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego debaty na temat dostosowania kształtu i wyposażenia sił zbrojnych do współczesnych wyzwań na arenie międzynarodowej. W Polsce debata ta skupia się głównie na technikaliach, ukierunkowanych na zwiększenie potencjału. W artykule przedstawiono dotychczas nieopisaną w Polsce koncepcję pętli decyzyjnej obserwacja-orientacja-decyzja-działanie (pętli OODA), opracowaną przez pilota amerykańskich sił powietrznych Johna Richarda Boyda. Ze względu na brak publikacji, która w sposób całościowy charakteryzowałaby tę koncepcję, analizę pętli oparto na prezentacjach Boyda oraz literaturze anglojęzycznej. Pętla OODA, podkreślająca aspekt czasu i sposób wykonania zadania, może być pomocna w procesie podejmowania decyzji. W artykule wskazano imponderabilia tworzące tę koncepcję oraz określono sposób jej wykorzystania.

EN

After the Russian aggression of February, 24 2022 in Ukraine entered a new phase, the debates in Poland and NATO on adapting the shape and equipment of the armed forces to contemporary challenges in the international arena started again. In Poland, this debate has mainly focused on technicalities, aimed at enhancing potential. This paper presents a never described in Poland concept of the observation-orientation-decision-action decision loop, which was developed by US Air Force Pilot John Richard Boyd. As there is no publication that comprehensively characterises this concept, the loop analysis is based on Boyd's presentations and English-language literature on the subject. The OODA loop, which emphasises the aspect of time and how a task is performed, can be helpful in a decision-making process. The article identifies the imponderabilia that make up the concept, and how it can be used.

9

The impact of the agreement by the Regional Director of Environmental Protection on the decision on environmental dependencies for the implementation of an investment in Poland

Bołtryk Piotr

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2022

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nr 4

237--249

EN

The purpose of this study is to attempt answering a question about the impact that the agreement reached by the Regional Director for Environmental Protection has on decisions regarding environmental dependencies in Poland. So far, two positions have been expressed in the literature on the subject. According to the first one, such an agreement is binding for the authority issuing the decision. The opponents of such an approach, on the other hand, argue that the administrative body is independent in that respect. The author, although attempting an in-depth analysis of both approaches, is in favor of the first one, additionally taking into account arguments of a juridical, functional and teleological nature. The case study concerned the construction of five buildings for breeding chicken broilers or turkeys along with the accompanying infrastructure on a property located within Solniki, municipality of Zabłudów.

PL

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące wpływu uzgodnienia Regionalnego Dyrektora Ochrony Środowiska na decyzję w sprawie środowiskowych uwarunkowań w Polsce. Dotychczas w literaturze tematu ukształtowały się dwa stanowiska. Zgodnie z pierwszym uzgodnienie takie jest dla organu wydającego decyzję wiążące. Przeciwnicy takiego podejścia przekonują natomiast, że organ administracyjny jest w tym zakresie samodzielny. Autor dokonując pogłębionej analizy obydwu podejść opowiada się po pierwszej ze stron, biorąc dodatkowo pod uwagę argumenty natury jurydycznej, funkcjonalnej oraz celowościowej. Studium przypadku dotyczyło budowy pięciu budynków do hodowli brojlerów kurzych lub indyków wraz z infrastrukturą towarzyszącą na nieruchomości położonej w obrębie Solniki, gm. Zabłudów.

10

Decisions in safety management

Ścibiorek Zbigniew

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2020

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Vol. 52, No. 2(196)

409--420

EN

The article emphasizes that safety is the most important value for every person. Today, in the face of many threats, its level and interpretation are changing. The conditions of some phenomena also generate premises and possibilities for situations threatening health, life, environment, or infrastructure of a specific area to occur. The probability of occurrence of non-military supernatural events is relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to skillfully use all the circumstances to distance the potential threats and minimize the possible consequences. It is imperative to take action that will keep and prolong the safety situation. Systemic solutions and the inclusion of many public institutions (organizations) and the society in action taken are essential. Security management is one of the basic functions of all government bodies and public administration, both at government and local government levels. Once the state is achieved, it cannot be maintained for too long. In each case, the procedure will be different. The article presents selected principles of the decision-making process, a procedure aimed at ensuring that the security level is acceptable.

PL

Artykuł akcentuje, że bezpieczeństwo jest najistotniejszą wartością dla każdego człowieka. Współcześnie w obliczu szeregu zagrożeń jego poziom i interpretacja ulega zmianom. Uwarunkowania szeregu zjawisk generują również przesłanki i możliwości zaistnienia sytuacji zagrażających zdrowiu, życiu, środowisku czy infrastrukturze określonego obszaru. Prawdopodobieństwo zaistnienia niemilitarnych zdarzeń nadzwyczajnych jest stosunkowo wysokie. Dlatego należy umiejętnie wykorzystywać wszelkie okoliczności, aby oddalać mogące się pojawić zagrożenia, a ewentualne skutki zminimalizować. Trzeba podejmować działania, które stan bezpieczeństwa pozwolą utrzymać możliwie jak najdłużej. Nieodzowne są rozwiązania systemowe i włączenie do podejmowanych działań wiele instytucji (organizacji) publicznych oraz społeczeństwa. Zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem stanowi bowiem jedną z podstawowych funkcji wszystkich organów władzy i administracji publicznej, zarówno szczebla rządowego, jak i samorządowego. Stanu raz osiągniętego nie da się utrzymać zbyt długo. W każdym przypadku procedura postępowania będzie inna. Artykuł przedstawia wybrane zasady procesu decyzyjnego, postępowania ukierunkowanego na to, aby poziom bezpieczeństwa był akceptowalny.

11

Conditions determining decisions on the announcement, change and revocation of alert levels and CRP alert levels

Wróbel Rafał

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2020

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Vol. 52, No. 2(196)

436--448

EN

The issue of announcing, changing and revoking alert levels and CRP alert levels for threats in the Polish cyberspace (CRP alert levels) is inseparably connected with anti-terrorist actions taken by public administration bodies. The Counter-Terrorism Act of 10 June 2016 sets out the principles of conducting counter-terrorism activities and the principles of cooperation between authorities in the scope of such activities. It specifies the bodies which are entitled to announce change and revoke alert levels and CRP alert levels. Until recently, alarm levels associated mainly with the protection of military command, agencies and institutions play an increasingly important role in the area of protection of the civilian population. The proof of this is the extension of the existing formula for the use of alarm levels in the civil (non-military) environment and the cyberspace of the Republic of Poland. The decision to announce, change and revoke an alert level and a CRP alert level depends on a number of factors, including the following: the reasons for their announcement, the division of competences of the bodies responsible with respect to their announcement, change and revocation, and the execution of projects required to be carried out for the introduction of particular alert levels or CRP alert levels.

PL

Problematyka dotycząca wprowadzenia, zmiany i odwołania stopni alarmowych i stopni alarmowych dla zagrożeń w cyberprzestrzeni RP (stopni alarmowych CRP) nieodłącznie wiąże się z działaniami antyterrorystycznymi organów administracji publicznej. Ustawa z 10 czerwca 2016 r. o działaniach antyterrorystycznych określa zasady prowadzenia działań antyterrorystycznych oraz zasady współpracy między organami w zakresie prowadzenia takich działań. Precyzuje szczegółowo podmioty uprawnione do wprowadzenia, zmiany i odwołania stopni alarmowych i stopni alarmowych CRP. Stopnie alarmowe kojarzone jeszcze do niedawna głównie z ochroną dowództw, agencji oraz instytucji o charakterze militarnym odgrywają coraz większe znaczenie w obszarze ochrony ludności. Dowodem na to jest rozszerzenie dotychczasowej formuły stosowania stopni alarmowych o środowisko cywilnego (niemilitarnego) zastosowania oraz środowisko cyberprzestrzeni RP. Decyzja o wprowadzeniu, zmianie i odwołaniu stopnia alarmowego i stopnia alarmowego CRP zależy od licznych uwarunkowań, wśród których można wymienić m.in.: przesłanki do ich wprowadzenia, podział kompetencyjny podmiotów w zakresie ich wprowadzenia, zmiany i odwołania oraz wykonywania przedsięwzięć wymaganych do zrealizowania na okoliczność wprowadzenia poszczególnych stopni alarmowych i stopni alarmowych CRP.

12

Limiting distribution of the three-state semi-Markov model of technical state transitions of ship power plant machines and its applicability in operational decision-making

Girtler Jerzy

Polish Maritime Research

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2020

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nr 2

136--144

EN

The article presents the three-state semi-Markov model of the process {W(t): t > 0} of state transitions of a ship power plant machine, with the following interpretation of these states: s1 – state of full serviceability, s2 – state of partial serviceability, and s3 – state of unserviceability. These states are precisely defined for the ship main engine (ME). A hypothesis is proposed which explains the possibility of application of this model to examine models of real state transitions of ship power plant machines. Empirical data concerning ME were used for calculating limiting probabilities for the process {W(t): t > 0}. The applicability of these probabilities in decision making with the assistance of the Bayesian statistical theory is demonstrated. The probabilities were calculated using a procedure included in the computational software MATHEMATICA, taking into consideration the fact that the random variables representing state transition times of the process {W(t): t > 0} have gamma distributions. The usefulness of the Bayesian statistical theory in operational decision-making concerning ship power plants is shown using a decision dendrite which maps ME states and consequences of particular decisions, thus making it possible to choose between the following two decisions: d1 – first perform a relevant preventive service of the engine to restore its state and then perform the commissioned task within the time limit determined by the customer, and d2 – omit the preventive service and start performing the commissioned task.

13

Game theoretic analysis of ideologically biased clickbait or fake news and real news

Hausken Kjell

Operations Research and Decisions

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2020

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Vol. 30, No. 2

39--57

EN

A decision and game theoretic model is developed for how one and two news organisations strike balances between producing clickbait or fake news, and real news. Each news organisation seeks to attract gullible consumers who consume more clickbait or fake news than real news, and non-gullible consumers who conscientiously consume only real news. Increasing a news organisation budget results in obtaining both more clickbait or fake news, and more real news. More clickbait or fake news is produced if the news organisation’s unit cost of effort to produce real news, the production efficiency for clickbait or fake news, and the fraction of consumers consuming clickbait or fake news, increase. In contrast, less clickbait or fake news is produced if a news organisation’s unit cost of effort to produce clickbait or fake news, and the production efficiency for real news, increase, and the gullible consumers consume real news with a higher frequency. Lower unit effort costs and higher budget and production efficiencies cause higher utility for a news organisation and lower utility for the competing news organisation. Higher weight assigned to the contest over clickbait or fake news induces both news organisations to exert higher effort to produce clickbait or fake news. When the gullible consumers of a news organisation consume a relatively large amount of real news in comparison to the consumers of another news organisation, then the first news organisation exerts higher effort to produce real news and obtains higher utility than the other news organisation.

14

Concepts of Necessary Costs to Be Used in the Minimum Enterprise Decisions

Mangu Sorin-Iuliu, Csiminga Diana-Cornelia, Iloiu Mirela, Herbei Roxana Claudia

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2020

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no. 1, vol. 2

99--103

EN

For the correct substantiation of many managerial decisions, the costs provided by the calculations are not sufficient. Because of its complexity, managerial decision may require consideration of costs other than accounting. Under these circumstances, the management of the mining enterprise is subject to the requirement of an economic (net different from the accounting, based on the result of calculations) approach of the decisional situation, which implies the ability to identify and quantify the costs of opportunity, implicit costs, relevant costs, influenced, the costs "sunk".

PL

Dla prawidłowego uzasadnienia wielu decyzji zarządczych koszty przedstawione w obliczeniach nie są wystarczające. Ze względu na złożoność decyzje kierownictwa mogą wymagać uwzględnienia kosztów innych niż koszty księgowe. W tych okolicznościach kierownictwo przedsiębiorstwa górniczego podlega wymogom ekonomicznym (innego niż rachunkowość netto, opartego na wynikach obliczeń), podejścia decyzyjnego do sytuacji, co oznacza możliwość zidentyfikowania i oszacowania kosztów alternatywnych , kosztów ukrytych, kosztów utraconych możliwości, kosztów ukrytych.

15

The requirement of obtaining an environmental decision in the case of investment concerning a road reconstruction – case study

Bołtryk Piotr

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2020

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nr 4

81--94

EN

The goal of this article is to present the procedure for obtaining an environmental decision using the example of an investment involving the reconstruction of a road. The case study concerned the reconstruction of a public municipal road No. 178044N Prostki-Ostrykół-Lipińskie Małe, Prostki municipality, Ełcki poviat, Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship of the length of 4308.50m against legal regulations of obtaining environmental decisions. Through the interpretation of legal regulations, it was established that the described investment – under certain conditions – does not require obtaining an environmental decision. Based on literature studies, basic concepts and activities pertaining to the procedure of obtaining environmental decisions in Poland were presented. Moreover, the conclusions obtained as part of the research may prove useful to public investors who are obligated to verify their investments in terms of their legal compliance during the planning stage.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie procedury uzyskania decyzji środowiskowej na przykładzie inwestycji polegającej na przebudowie drogi. Studium przypadku dotyczyło przebudowy drogi gminnej publicznej nr 178044N Prostki-Ostrykół-Lipińskie Małe, gmina Prostki, powiat Ełcki, województwo Warmińsko-Mazurskie na długości 4308,5 m pod kątem przepisów dotyczących uzyskiwania decyzji środowiskowych. Poprzez interpretacje przepisów prawnych ustalono, że opisana inwestycja, pod pewnymi warunkami, nie wymaga uzyskania decyzji środowiskowej. Na podstawie studiów literaturowych przedstawiono podstawowe pojęcia oraz czynności związane z procedurą uzyskiwania decyzji środowiskowej w Polsce. Uzyskane w ramach badań wnioski mogą okazać się przydatne inwestorom publicznym, którzy są obowiązani do weryfikacji swoich inwestycji pod kątem ich zgodności z prawem na etapie planowania.

16

Location factors for budget, medium standard and luxury hotels based on the example of hotels operating in Poland

Puciato Daniel, Oleśniewicz Piotr, Gawlik Agnieszka, Markiewicz-Patkowska Julita, Widawski Krzysztof, Słaby Teresa, Kasprzak Rafał, Mróz-Gorgoń Barbara

Operations Research and Decisions

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2019

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Vol. 29, No. 1

61--73

EN

The aim of this article is to indicate the most important factors determining the location of newly built hotels in Poland in 2000–2009, belonging to different groups in the hotel categorization system. We use a two-stage empirical study. The main statistical method applied is stepwise logistic regression with the backward elimination of regressors. The results of the study indicate clearly that there are differences between the location factors for hotels according to their standard. The factors determining the location of budget hotels differ from those influencing the group of medium standard and luxury hotels. The results contribute to a better understanding of the motives of investors when selecting a location and may have implications for economic policies, since they can focus the attention of local and regional authorities on important determinants of attractiveness to local investment.

17

Assumptions concerning a software supporting the primary intramural teaching subsidy distribution at the Wroclaw University of Science and Technology faculty

Szczurowski L., Rekuć Witold

Operations Research and Decisions

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2019

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Vol. 29, No. 2

89--101

EN

Assumptions concerning a software supporting the primary intramural teaching subsidy distribution at a Wroclaw University of Science and Technology faculty compatible with a distribution algorithm are described. Strategic goal, main problems, roles and operational tasks of this support are identified. Selected business processes and system use cases are analyzed. Concepts as well as introductory system architecture accommodating the necessity of the subsidy distribution algorithm updating are elaborated. Proposals important from the point of view of the dean’s financial assistant preparing analytical data concerning subsidy distribution for the faculty provisional as well as final budged version are formulated.

18

Simulated nuclear contamination scenario, solid cancer risk assessment, and support to decision

Lima Sergio X., Costa Karolina P. S., Lima Zelmo R., Rother Fagner C., Araujo Olga M. O., Vital Helio C., Brum Tercio, Junior Wilson F. R. S., Amorim Jose Carlos C., Healy Matthew J. F., Andrade Edson R.

Nukleonika

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2019

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Vol. 64, No. 2

41--48

EN

The detonation of an (hypothetical) improvised nuclear device (IND) can generate atmospheric release of radioactive material in the form of particles and dust that ultimately contaminate the soil. In this study, the detonation of an IND in an urban area was simulated, and its effects on humans were determined. The risk of solid cancer development due to radiation was calculated by taking into account prompt radiation and whole-body exposure of individuals near the detonation site up to 10 km. The excess relative risk (ERR) of developing solid cancer was evaluated by using the mathematical relationships from the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) studies and those from the HotSpot code. The methodology consists of using output data obtained from simulations performed with the HotSpot health physics code plugging in such numbers into a specific given equation used by RERF to evaluate the resulting impact. Such a preliminary procedure is expected to facilitate the decision-making process significantly.

19

A SPC Strategy for Decision Making in Manufacturing Processes

Gil del Val Alain, Sawik Bartosz, Agustín Alba, Faulín Javier, Diéguez Pedro María

Decision Making in Manufacturing and Services

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 1-2

5--15

EN

Tapping is an extensively employed manufacturing process by which a multi-teeth tool, known as a tap, cuts a mating thread when driven into a hole. When taps are new or slightly worn, the process is under control and the geometry of the resulting threads on the workpiece is correct. But as the tap wear increases, the thread geometry deviates progressively from the correct one and eventually the screw threads become unacceptable. The aim of this paper is to outline the development of a statistical process control strategy for decision making based on data coming from the current signal of the tap spindle for assessing thread quality. It could operate on line, and indicates when the tap wear is so critical that, if the process were continued, it would result in unacceptable screw threads. The system would be very cost-effective since the tapping process could be run without any operator intervention.

20

Elements of perfect order rate research in logistics chains

Jacyna-Gołda Ilona, Kłodawski Michał, Lewczuk Konrad, Łajszczak Marcin, Chojnacki Tomasz, Siedlecka-Wójcikowska Teresa

Archives of Transport

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2019

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Vol. 49, iss. 1

25--35

EN

Perfect order rate (POR) is one of the superior measures of the logistics processes quality. POR is at the top of the hierarchy of key performance indicators (KPI) in supply chain and is considered as difficult to define and measure. Perfect order rate is composed of sub-measures touching technical, economic, quality and safety aspects of logistics processes. POR directly defines what the organization considers to be the perfect implementation of its tasks (and thus sets goals for the organization) and, secondly, measures the degree of achievement of these goals. The paper defines the concept of perfect order rate by including new elements to classic definition, so far rarely considered in the literature: possibility of order implementation according to standard procedures in organization and safety aspects. The concept of logistics chain and the impact of its functioning on the POR value have been defined. The picking and replenishment processes were discussed in detail as the basic elements affecting the quality of logistics processes and the value of POR. Next, the issues of logistic processes safety in warehouse facilities were discussed. The large intensity of warehouse operations along with their mechanization and automation very often leads to many hazards in warehouses and logistics chain. These hazard are usually related with warehouse workers safety. However, they can also lead to various delays or downtime in the material flows, as well as damage or reducing the quality of materials. So it was assumed that safety aspects can influencing the value of POR in the logistics chain. Due to conducted research and compiled reports indicate that many accidents in the warehouse are associated with the forklifts use as equipment for material handling. Therefore, in paper main attention was paid to hazards related with forklifts, warehouse safety speed, etc.