Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Magazyny drugiego życia w gospodarce obiegu zamkniętego – nowe zastosowanie zużytych baterii

Gryz Michał, Nowrot Patryk, Kurzeja Łukasz

Rynek Energii

|

2026

|

Nr 1

12--16

PL

Wraz z dynamicznym wzrostem liczby pojazdów elektrycznych w ujęciu globalnym, rośnie potrzeba zrównoważonych rozwiązań do zarządzania zużytymi ogniwami akumulatorowymi. Pomimo że ogniwa z czasem tracą swoją pierwotną pojemność, co uniemożliwia ich dalsze wykorzystanie w motoryzacji, nadal mogą być wykorzystywane w instalacjach stacjonarnych. W artykule opisano rolę magazynów energii w systemie elektroenergetycznym, przedstawiono architekturę systemu magazynu drugiego życia, a także wyzwania i wnioski wynikające z jego dotychczasowej pracy.

EN

The rapid global growth of electric vehicles has intensiﬁed the need for balanced solutions to manage used battery cells. Although these cells gradually lose their original capacity, making them unsuitable for automotive use, they remain Viable for stationary energy storage applications. This article explores the role of energy storage in the power grid and presents the architecture and operational principles of a second-life battery system developed by the TAURON Group. It outlines the evaluation methodology for repurposed battery packs and discusses the challenges and insights gained from the system’s operation to date. The ﬁndings highlight the potential of second-life storage to support grid stability and promote sustainable energy practices.

2

Supraharmonics in electric vehicle charging: a review of challenges and research gaps

Chudy Aleksander

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2026

|

R. 102, nr 3

71--77

EN

Supraharmonic emissions in electric vehicle charging present an increasing challenge to power quality. They origi nate mainly from power electronic circuits in chargers, with propagation influenced by grid impedance and device configura tions. This paper reviews existing research on supraharmonics, identifies key research gaps, and highlights the need for regula tions and effective mitigation strategies.

PL

Supraharmoniczne emisje w procesach ładowania pojazdów elektrycznych stanowią rosnące wyzwanie dla ja kości energii. Ich źródłem są głównie układy energoelektroniczne w ładowarkach, a ich propagacja zależy od impedancji sieci i konfiguracji urządzeń. Artykuł przedstawia przegląd badań nad supraharmonicznymi, identyfikuje kluczowe luki badawcze oraz podkreśla potrzebę regulacji i skutecznych metod ograniczania tych zakłóceń.

3

Electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Poland and the European Union

Gąsiorek-Kowalewicz Anna, Wasilewski Wiesław, Worach Klaudia, Matthias Nattke

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2025

|

z. 229

121--146

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current status and development of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Poland, comparing it with the broader context of the European Union and to analyze its potential in reducing urban air pollution and contributing to the decarbonization of the transport sector. The article aims to present the progress in the field of electromobility by examining the number of charging stations and forecasting infrastructure development in Poland compared to the European Union. Design/methodology/approach: The paper employs a systematic review of the literature and a critical analysis of selected publications to identify the problem and research gap. Research questions were formulated to guide the study, and hypotheses were adopted based on existing data. The analysis includes both Polish and foreign literature, scientific articles, legal acts, websites focused on electromobility, and infrastructure aspects. The descriptive method is used to analyze and present the collected materials. Additionally, the paper reviews legal requirements for charging infrastructure, evaluates the current state of development in Poland and the EU, and presents technical specifications of typical publicly available charging stations. Findings: The findings indicate that Poland's electric vehicle charging infrastructure is underdeveloped compared to other EU countries, limiting its ability to achieve the climate goals associated with electromobility. There is a significant discrepancy between the growing number of electric vehicles and the insufficient development of charging stations. Despite national plans to increase the number of charging points, the existing infrastructure in Polish cities and along transportation routes remains inadequate. The study highlights the necessity for more strategic investments and legislative support to overcome these limitations and foster the adoption of electric vehicles. Research limitations/implications: The paper primarily relies on secondary data sources and existing literature, which may not capture real-time developments in electromobility infrastructure. Additionally, data discrepancies between different sources can affect the reliability of findings. Future research should incorporate more empirical data collection and field surveys to validate the conclusions drawn. Practical implications: The practical implications include recommendations for policymakers to focus on expanding the charging infrastructure, particularly fast charging stations, in urban and rural areas. The paper suggests that integrating charging systems with mobile applications for booking and payment can enhance user experience and adoption rates. It also emphasizes the importance of meeting EU standards and regulations to ensure efficient and widespread deployment of charging stations. Social implications: The social implications of the study underscore the need for reducing urban air pollution and addressing public health issues associated with vehicle emissions. The transition to electric vehicles can significantly improve air quality, reduce noise levels, and enhance the overall living conditions in cities. The paper stresses the importance of developing infrastructure that is accessible to all residents, promoting equitable growth and environmental sustainability. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the existing body of research by providing a comprehensive analysis of the development and future prospects of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Poland, comparing it to the EU. It offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with electromobility, and proposes actionable strategies to accelerate the transition to low-emission transport. The study's originality lies in its critical evaluation of policies and infrastructure development plans, providing a foundation for further research in the field.

4

Cyberbezpieczeństwo infrastruktury elektroenergetycznej w dobie transformacji energetycznej

Gutowski Radosław

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

|

2025

|

R. 93, nr 10

18--24

PL

Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje kluczowy temat, jakim jest cyberbezpieczeństwo infrastruktury elektroenergetycznej w momencie rozpoczęcia transformacji energetycznej. Pojawienie się nowych obszarów elektroenergetyki takich jak elektromobilność i magazynowanie energii opartych na zaawansowanych rozwiązaniach półprzewodnikowych dużej mocy wyposażonych w zaawansowane systemy zarządzania energią stawia pytanie o suwerenność i bezpieczeństwo implementowanych rozwiązań. Kluczowe staje się zagadnienie prawidłowego zdefiniowania łańcucha dostaw produktów i rozwiązań systemowych w procesie tej transformacji. Kto będzie rzeczywistym beneficjentem środków pochodzących z polskich i europejskich podatków przeznaczonych na ten proces?

EN

This article addresses the key topic of cybersecurity of power infrastructure at the beginning of the energy transition. The emergence of new areas of power generation, such as electromobility and energy storage based on advanced high-power semiconductor solutions equipped with advanced energy management systems, raises questions about the sovereignty and security of implemented solutions. Properly defining the supply chain for products and system solutions in the process of this transition becomes crucial. Who will be the real beneficiary of funds from Polish and European taxes allocated to this process?

5

Evaluation of the total cost of charging electric vehicles through dedicated photovoltaic installations

Sendek-Matysiak Ewelina

Transport Problems

|

2025

|

T. 20, z. 2

59--71

EN

Currently, the share of BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicle) in the automotive market in Poland is relatively small - 0.1%. That is caused by a number of barriers; one of them being the undoubted fact that BEVs are exceptionally expensive. Electric Vehicle enthusiasts express the opinion that the cost is offset by reduced running costs, in particular in cases where the electricity is generated from a photovoltaic (PV) installation. This article determines the cost of charging a battery electric vehicle with an electricity generated from a domestic photovoltaic installation consisting of various numbers of modules. The optimal yield of electricity generated by PV was determined, and then the charging costs in the current conditions in Poland. It was assumed that the electricity produced would be used exclusively for BEV charging, with the surplus sold to the power grid. The analysis shows that even for the maximum number of photovoltaic modules which can be installed on the study area, in some months the battery electric vehicle charging costs will not be zero. The issue related to the cost of charging BEVs with PV - generated electricity in the Polish conditions has not yet been addressed in any scientific publication and its problems concerning the issues may provide a source of preliminary analysis for other countries.

6

A dynamic society-oriented total cost of ownership model for electric bus deployment

Urbanek Anna, Krawiec Krzysztof, Krawiec Stanisław, Czogalla Olaf

Transport Problems

|

2025

|

T. 20, z. 2

211--221

EN

This paper presents a new methodology for calculating the total cost of ownership (TCO) for the deployment of battery-electric buses in public transportation. The model considers multiple parameters and their dynamics, complementing the existing body of knowledge on TCO models. The model integrates internal and external cost categories, accounting for cost dynamics over time and the allocation of these costs among different stakeholders, including public transport operators and local authorities. Unlike static models, our dynamic framework captures the evolution of costs throughout the project lifecycle by incorporating forecasted values for variables such as operational expenditures, energy prices, maintenance, and environmental costs. Furthermore, the model includes externalities such as emissions and noise pollution costs, which are often overlooked in traditional TCO assessments. Based on data obtained from public transport operators, we applied the TCO model to a real-life long-term conversion scenario in southern Poland. The main research findings emphasize the importance of operating and external costs in the overall TCO structure, with the latter accounting for up to 30% of the total TCO. Their inclusion in the model is crucial because they are typically not considered in TCO models.

7

Znaczenie i potencjał dekarbonizacji transportu w miastach

Kałużny Sebastian

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

|

2025

|

nr 2

3--7

PL

Transport zbiorowy w miastach obsługuje nawet około 40% potrzeb mobilnościowych, a ponieważ około 30% miejskich emisji gazów cieplarnianych pochodzi właśnie z transportu, kwestia dekarbonizacji transportu zbiorowego ma istotne znaczenie dla zrównoważonego rozwoju miast. Masowość transportu zbiorowego oraz postępująca tu w wyniku elektromobilności dekarbonizacja zwiększają znaczenie tego systemu w strategicznych działaniach na rzecz ochrony klimatu przez miasta. Badania naukowe pokazują wzrost znaczenia tej tematyki oraz jej praktyczne aspekty. W szczególności chodzi o wielopłaszczyznowe spojrzenie na kierunki dekarbonizacji oraz ich wpływ na konkurencyjność transportu zbiorowego, a także poszczególnych miast. Przegląd literatury oraz przeprowadzone badania własne potwierdzają, że jest to tematyka aktualna i o dużym potencjale teoretycznym oraz praktycznym.

EN

Urban public transport serves up to approximately 40% of mobility needs. Since around 30% of urban greenhouse gas emissions come from transport, the decarbonization of public transport is crucial for the sustainable development of cities. The mass nature of public transport and its ongoing decarbonization, driven by electromobility, increase the strategic importance of this system in urban climate protection efforts. Scientific research highlights the growing significance of this issue and its practical implications. In particular, a multidimensional perspective on decarbonization pathways and their impact on the competitiveness of public transport, as well as individual cities, is essential. A review of the literature and conducted research indicate that this is a highly relevant topic with significant theoretical and practical potential.

8

The Development of Electromobility in Sustainable Mobility Plans

Kłos Marcin Jacek, Sierpiński Grzegorz, Staniek Marcin

Safety & Defense

|

2025

|

1

80--88

EN

This article discusses integrating electromobility into Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) to reduce environmental impact, enhance accessibility, and improve public and energy security. Increasing urban populations and rising motorization rates necessitate transitioning from conventional combustion-engine vehicles to more sustainable alternatives, such as electric public transport and charging infrastructure for private vehicles. The key elements of SUMPs include developing charging infrastructure for public and private transport, replacing traditional fleets with low and zero-emission vehicles, and designing efficient transport networks with ITS systems. In Poland, cities with over 50,000 inhabitants are required to achieve a 30% share of zero-emission or biomethane-powered buses by 2028, while cities with over 100,000 inhabitants will be mandated to purchase only zero-emission buses starting in 2026. Energy security plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of electromobility. Ensuring a stable energy supply, integrating renewable energy sources, and implementing smart grid solutions with demand management systems are essential to prevent grid overloads during peak demand periods. The deployment of energy storage systems and decentralized power sources will further enhance the resilience of the power infrastructure. The success of electromobility initiatives also depends on stakeholder engagement, public awareness campaigns, and financial incentives to promote the adoption of electric vehicles. SUMPs serve as strategic tools to achieve long-term sustainability and energy resilience in urban areas.

9

Comparison of Noise Emissions in Cars with Electric and Conventional Drive

Cebulska Wioletta, Hadryś Damian

Safety & Defense

|

2025

|

1

18--25

EN

Currently, great importance is attached to the issue of environmental protection, also in the context of the impact of transport on the environment. Limited fossil resources, climate change and global warming are driving the automotive industry towards more efficient and sustainable solutions. These problems force car manufacturers to use new technologies and alternative driving systems. Examples of such vehicles include electric cars (EVs) and hybrid cars (HEVs or PHEVs). The impact of using these means of transport on the emission of pollutants other than exhaust gases is an important issue. An example of such emissions is noise. Conventionally powered cars produce noise from their combustion engines and exhaust systems. All vehicles, whether conventionally or alternatively powered, emit noise as a result of the interaction between the tires and the road surface, as well as the air flowing over the body (aerodynamic noise). Superficially, it seems that electric cars produce less noise. This article measures noise outside passing electric, conventional and hybrid vehicles. Measurements were taken at speeds of 20 km/h, 50 km/h, and 80 km/h, and the results were presented in graphical form. The aim of this research is to investigate whether vehicles with hybrid and electric drives produce less noise than those with conventional drives.

10

Elektromobilność - szansa czy zagrożenie dla transportu samochodowego?

Pawlos Waldemar

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

|

2025

|

R. XIX

483--506

PL

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienia związane z możliwościami wykorzystania paliw alternatywnych oraz ich znaczeniem dla światowego i europejskiego transportu samochodowego. W głównej mierze stanowi on odniesienie do uwarunkowań determinujących upowszechnianie elektromoblilności, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tempa rozwoju oraz ograniczeń związanych z użytkowaniem pojazdów elektrycznych w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Szczegółowe analizy odnoszące się do danych z lat 2019–2024 dokonują jednoczesnego porównania ilości pojazdów i potencjału istniejącej infrastruktury technicznej do ładowania baterii w Polsce i krajach UE. Podsumowanie stanowi wskazanie kierunków możliwości rozwoju oraz przedstawienie głównych ograniczeń organizacyjnych i technicznych w zakresie stosowania elektromobilności.

EN

The article presents issues regarding the possibility of using alternative vehicles and their importance for global and European road transport. In its basic dimension, it is a reference to the conditions determining the use of electromobility, with particular emphasis on the pace of development and restrictions related to the use of electric vehicles in the European Union countries. Special data analysis comes from the years 2019–2024, making an intelligent device equivalent to the number of vehicles and providing infrastructure for charging batteries in Poland. The summary indicates the directions of development and presents the main organizational and technical limitations in the field of electromobility.

11

Czy strefy czystego transportu to dobry pomysł?

Makuch Jacek

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

|

2025

|

R. 80, nr 11

15--20

PL

W artykule rozpoznano pewne negatywne aspekty rozwiązań polegających na tworzeniu w miastach różnego rodzaju stref. Zwrócono uwagę, że uciążliwość transportu nie ogranicza się jedynie do zanieczyszczenia powietrza, ale obejmuje również problemy związane z hałasem i terenochłonnością. Dokonano przeglądu pojazdów poruszających się po ulicach naszych miast pod względem poziomu generowanego hałasu. Zwrócono uwagę na nierzetelność przedstawianych niekiedy porównań zajętości terenu przez różnego rodzaju środki transportu. Zauważono problem „podrzucania” swoich spalin innym. Odniesiono się do zagadnień takich jak zrównoważony rozwój i elektromobilność oraz zjawisk takich jak moda i konsumpcjonizm. Zaproponowano pewne nowe rozwiązania. W podsumowaniu sformułowano wnioski z przeprowadzonych rozważań.

EN

This article identifies some of the negative aspects of solutions involving the creation of various types of zones in cities. It notes that the burden of transport is not limited to air pollution but also encompasses problems related to noise and land consumption. It reviews the noise levels of vehicles circulating on the streets of our cities. It highlights the unreliability of sometimes presented comparisons of land use by different types of transport. The problem of "throwing" one's exhaust fumes to others has been noticed. It addresses issues such as sustainable development and electromobility, as well as phenomena such as fashion and consumerism. Some new solutions are proposed. The conclusions drawn from the analysis are presented.

12

Current harmonic emission of on-board electric vehicle chargers

Chudy Aleksander

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2025

|

R. 101, nr 1

132--135

EN

The case of study were 7 on-board EV chargers. The majority of current harmonics emission measurements during light-duty EVs charging took place in private garages of single-family houses in the Lublin Voivodeship between February and May 2022 and the remaining tests were carried out in Lublin University of Technology building and at the PGE Dystrybucja S.A. building in Lublin. The results show that 5 of the 7 EVs tested met the requirements of PN-EN 61000-3-2 and PN-EN 61000-3-12.

PL

Obiektem badań było 7 pokładowych ładowarek pojazdów elektrycznych. Większość pomiarów emisji harmonicznych prądu podczas ładowania samochodów elektrycznych przeprowadzono w prywatnych garażach domów jednorodzinnych w województwie lubelskim w okresie od lutego do maja 2022 r., a pozostałe testy przeprowadzono w budynku Politechniki Lubelskiej oraz przy budynku PGE Dystrybucja S.A. w Lublinie. Wyniki pokazują, że 5 z 7 badanych egzemplarzy pojazdów elektrycznych spełniło wymagania norm PN-EN 61000-3-2 i PN-EN 61000-3-12.

13

Badania wysokosprawnego dwukierunkowego izolowanego sprzęgu AC/DC o szerokim zakresie regulacji napięcia stałego

Koszel Mikołaj, Wolski Kornel, Grzejszczak Piotr

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2025

|

R. 101, nr 3

161--165

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane wyniki badań opracowanego dwukierunkowego sprzęgu pomiędzy niskonapięciową siecią trójfazową prądu przemiennego, a obwodem napięcia stałego o regulowanej wartości w szerokim zakresie. Przedstawiono przegląd możliwych podobnych rozwiązań z literatury w kontekście opracowanego układu, a następnie omówiono właściwości elektryczne sprzęgu o znamionowej mocy 25 kW na podstawie wyników badań eksperymentalnych. Przekształtnik jest przystosowany do pracy równoległej (zwiększenie mocy) i charakteryzuje się przemysłowymi standardami wykonania, przez co może być wykorzystany w aplikacjach OZE i elektromobilności.

EN

The article presents selected results of research on the developed bidirectional coupling between a low-voltage three-phase AC grid and a DC voltage circuit with galvanic isolation and the DC voltage value adjustable in a wide range. A review of possible similar solutions from the literature in the context of the developed system is presented, and then the electrical properties of the coupler with a nominal power of 25 kW are discussed, based on the results from the experimental research. The converter is suitable for parallel operation (power multiplication) and is characterized by industrial standards, which can be used in renewable energy and electromobility applications.

14

Opinie i perspektywy wykorzystania alternatywnych napędów samochodowych

Urbaś Miłosz, Topczewska Jadwiga

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

|

2025

|

T. 29, nr 2

93--99

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie opinii na temat alternatywnych źródeł napędu, w szczególności samochodów elektrycznych. W badaniu wykorzystano ankietę internetową, w której udział wzięło 167 respondentów, głównie osoby młode (18–24 lata) i aktywne zawodowo. Analiza wykazała, że 93% ankietowanych posiada własny pojazd, z czego 89% to samochody z silnikiem spalinowym. Pojazdy hybrydowe i elektryczne stanowią zaledwie 3,7%. Według respondentów, zalety samochodów elektrycznych to nowoczesna technologia (19,6%), ekologia (18,8%) oraz cicha i komfortowa jazda (18,8%). Wśród wad wskazywano niedostateczną liczbę stacji ładowania (21,5%), krótki zasięg (21,3%), problem utylizacji baterii (18,8%) oraz wysoką cenę zakupu (18,6%). Wyniki wskazują, że mimo rosnącej świadomości ekologicznej, decyzje konsumentów wciąż ograniczają czynniki praktyczne i ekonomiczne. Transformacja rynku motoryzacyjnego wymaga nie tylko rozwoju technologii, ale również zwiększenia dostępności infrastruktury i edukacji społeczeństwa w zakresie korzyści płynących z elektromobilności.

EN

The aim of the study was to examine opinions on alternative driving sources, particularly electric cars. The study used an online survey in which 167 respondents participated, mainly young people (age 18-24) who were professionally active. The analysis showed that 93% of the respondents owned a vehicle, 89% of which are cars with internal combustion engines. Hybrid and electric vehicles account for only 3.7%. According to the respondents, the advantages of electric cars include modern technology (19.6%), environmental friendliness (18.8%), and quiet and comfortable driving (18.8%). The disadvantages mentioned included an insufficient number of charging stations (21.5%), short range (21.3%), battery disposal issues (18.8%), and high purchase price (18.6%). The results indicate that, despite increasing environmental awareness, consumer decisions are still limited by practical and economic factors. Transformation of the automotive market requires not only technological development, but also increased infrastructure availability and public education on the benefits of electromobility

15

Cykl: Historia elektromobilności. Cz. 3, Kierunek zrównoważony rozwój

Tomkowiak Marcin

Logistyka

|

2025

|

nr 1

52--55

PL

Dziś elektromobilność jest ważnym elementem strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju wielu krajów. Pojazdy elektryczne mogą być zarówno wydajne, jak i atrakcyjne dla konsumentów. W przyszłości możemy spodziewać się dalszego rozwoju technologii akumulatorów, zwiększenia zasięgu pojazdów oraz rozbudowy infrastruktury ładowania.

16

Miasta ekologicznego transportu

Przygoda Michał

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

|

2025

|

nr 1

PL

Rada Unii Europejskiej stawia twarde warunki na drodze do zeroemisyjności. Aby je spełnić, państwa wspólnoty, w tym Polska, muszą realizować kosztowną strategię elektromobilności. To wyzwanie dla samorządów, które stoją przed zadaniem zbudowania infrastruktury dla pojazdów elektrycznych i wymiany publicznego taboru.

17

Comparison of vibration emissions in electric and conventional cars

Cebulska Wioletta, Hadrys Damian

Combustion Engines

|

2025

|

R. 64, nr 3

74--80

EN

Currently, great importance is attached to the issue of environmental protection, also in the context of the impact of transport on the environment. Limited fossil resources, climate change, and global warming are driving the automotive industry towards more efficient and sustainable solutions. These problems are driving car manufacturers to use new technologies and alternative drive systems. Examples of such vehicles are electric cars (EV) and hybrid cars (HEV or PHEV). The issue of the impact of using these means of transport on the emission of pollutants other than exhaust gases is important. An example of such emissions is vibrations. Cars with conventional drive generate vibrations from the operation of the combustion engine. All vehicles, both conventionally and alternatively driven, emit vibrations as a result of the operation of the drive system, suspension system, and interaction of tires with the road surface. Vibrations also arise from unevenness of the road surface. At first glance, it seems that vibrations are lower when driving an electric car. In this article, vibration measurements were performed inside an electric vehicle and a conventionally driven vehicle in urban and highway conditions.

18

Recent advances in electromechanical energy conversion systems

Sykulski Jan, Rąbkowski Jacek

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

|

2025

|

Vol. 73, nr 4, Special Section

art. no. e154732

19

An advanced method for assessing the significance of change in electric vehicles as a new tool for sustainability and operational reliability

Chruzik Katarzyna, Krzyżewska Iwona

Archives of Transport

|

2025

|

Vol. 74, iss. 2

117--129

EN

Safe and reliable implementation of changes in technical, organisational, and operational systems in the transport sector is essential for introducing innovations aligned with sustainable development goals. The method currently used (Chruzik et al., 2021) is based on expert analysis, dependency matrices, and quantitative risk assessment. While it is widely applied, it still leaves room for interpretive subjectivity. The extension proposed in this article builds on this foundation by incorporating updated risk registers and enhanced evaluation criteria, with a particular emphasis on operational reliability and sustainability. This approach improves the objectivity and reproducibility of assessments regarding the significance of implemented changes. The objective of this paper is to develop and demonstrate an advanced method for assessing the significance of changes in transport systems, with a particular focus on operational reliability, safety, and sustainability. A key novelty is the integration of classical FMEA methodology with a system-oriented framework, introducing parameters of uncertainty and consequence. The combination of these two factors forms a basis for a more structured and transparent risk matrix. The proposed method was applied to evaluate the significance of change associated with integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into urban traffic systems. While the analysis identified new risk areas - especially related to secondary battery fires - the overall change was assessed as non-significant. Nonetheless, it was recognised that this transformation requires the implementation of preventive measures and updated operational procedures to manage emerging risks. This enhanced method strengthens decision-making processes by improving the clarity and credibility of change assessments in the transport sector. Its flexibility allows it to be adapted to other technological innovations, enabling a balanced consideration of operational safety, technical feasibility, and long-term sustainability. By incorporating risk-based criteria alongside sustainability indicators, the method supports a more holistic understanding of how change impacts complex systems. As transport systems continue to evolve in response to technological advancements and environmental priorities, this approach offers a practical and robust tool for guiding strategic implementation. It ensures that changes are introduced with a clear understanding of associated risks and opportunities, aligning technological development with broader goals of operational reliability and sustainable mobility.

20

Electromobility in small to medium-sized cities and cross-border areas

Giannopoulos Athanasios, Mikiki Foteini, Yang Meng

Transport Problems

|

2024

|

T. 19, z. 3

121--132

EN

Small and medium-sized cities around the world aspire to become greener, smarter, more live able for citizens and appealing to tourists. In Europe, they undertake initiatives such as Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans and Electric Vehicle Charging Plans to make their transport infrastructures more sustainable and friendly to electromobility. In Asia, too, Chinese small cities can profit from several policies and incentives to promote electric mobility and it is of interest to see how these compare to the European cases. A major part of this paper refers to the European experience and more particularly that of Greece drawing largely on the experience from Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans and Electric Vehicles Charging Plans studies performed in Northern Greece and its northern border regions. The experience of China and its promotion of e-mobility in small urban areas is also reviewed and useful conclusions are drawn. The results show that there are several measures and policies specifically suited to small and medium-sized urban areas as well as those that are in the periphery of the country near border crossings to other countries. The final evaluation and selection should be made following the formulation, at an early stage, of a comprehensive and all-inclusive strategic plan for the promotion of emobility in the area. The novelty of the paper consists of a concise and all-inclusive reference to the factors affecting the promotion of electromobility in the special case of small and medium-sized urban areas as well as border areas and the recommendations for measures and policies that are given in Table 2. A novelty is also the SWOT analysis performed as well as the fact of the parallel presentation of European and Chinese policies.