Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Assessing the impact of organizational factors on air traffic controller job performance

Hoika Tomáš, Gottwald Dalibor, Korecki Zbyšek

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 126

49--64

EN

The article examines a range of selected factors that may influence the job performance of air traffic controllers (ATCos). The chosen factors were analyzed from the perspective of ATCos in their current state, as established by the organization, and how their present significance is perceived in relation to work performance and what would be the significance of these factors if the factors reached optimal level according to the ATCos. The main research question posed was: What significance do ATCos attribute to the factors affecting their work performance in the current state, and what would be the significance of these factors if they reached their optimal level according to the ATCos? The goal was to determine the impact of organization and factors that organization can influence and change ATCos performance. It was found that while financial and non-financial compensation factors are perceived as important, factors such as work style, workplace relationships, and workload have a greater impact on performance. The largest difference between current and ideal conditions was observed in workload, indicating that optimizing it could significantly enhance work performance.

2

Innovative approach to professional development in the context of firefighters’ sense of security

Łobos Natalia Maria, Wojakowska Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 93 (tom 2)

167--192

EN

In a dynamic world where change is the only constant value, professional development has become a key element of success – not only for individual employees but also for the growth of the entire organization. Traditional training methods and courses are often insufficient, making it essential to explore innovative approaches that can revolutionize the way personnel training is conducted. This type of change in approach to professional development is also needed by firefighters. This article focuses on identifying the key factors that determine firefighters’ professional growth in the context of their sense of security. As a result of the conducted research, it has been proven that an innovative approach to professional development requires focus on personalization, practical experience, the use of technology, mentoring, and fostering a culture of continuous learning. Through these methods, employees not only acquire new skills but also become more engaged in their work, which leads to better organizational performance. As regards firefighters, this translates into more effective rescue operations, greater organizational efficiency, and a reduced risk of occupational hazards. Given constant change and emerging challenges in the safety environment, investing in firefighters’ professional development is the key to success in ensuring their security. The research focused on analysing relevant literature, reports and source documents related to firefighters’ sense of safety, as well as identifying and evaluating factors affecting their safety in the context of professional development. The complexity of the issue and the need for innovative approach to firefighters’ career growth were highlighted through an analysis of information obtained from expert interviews conducted with 50 specialists in the field.

3

Awareness and preparedness of Poles in the event of a blackout: a survey-based study

Pająk Kamil

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 95 (tom 2)

7--28

EN

Large-scale power outages, known as blackouts, pose a significant threat to national energy security and the operational continuity of key infrastructure systems. Current conditions – including geopolitical conflicts, the energy transition, and cyber threats – have increased the likelihood of such events occurring in Poland. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness among Polish citizens regarding the risk of blackouts, as well as their preparedness for such crises. The research problem focused on finding whether Polish society is sufficiently informed and prepared to respond effectively in the event of a large-scale power outage. The working hypothesis assumed that while citizens may be aware of the general threat, their actual preparedness and knowledge of appropriate response measures remain insufficient. This article presents the results of a survey conducted among 125 respondents, analyzing their understanding of blackout risks, perceived threat level, practical readiness, and interest in educational resources. The vast majority of participants reported being aware of the blackout phenomenon and perceived its occurrence in Poland as a realistic possibility. However, their preparatory actions were often selective and inadequate. The findings highlight a pressing need for the development of accessible and practical educational materials. This study provides valuable insights into the current state of public preparedness and can support future educational and systemic planning efforts.

4

Detection of photovoltaic system defects and their impact as a fire hazard

Krystosik-Gromadzińska Agata, Zeńczak Wojciech

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

|

nr 83 (155)

24--31

EN

Photovoltaic (PV) fires are very rare but when they do occur the consequences can be serious for facilities and first responders, especially in the event of a fire on a ship or a yacht. The causes of fires mainly relate to the electrical installation (e.g., poorly designed systems, incorrectly installed equipment, faulty connections, defective products, overvoltage, and voltage surges) but also to defects and damage of the panels themselves (such as scratches, microcracks, etc.). Thermography is a useful method for quickly detecting local temperature increases, which may indicate incorrect operation of the electrical installation and panel, resulting from their incorrect configuration, faults, or damage. Local increases in temperature (hot spots) may increase the risk of fire. The laboratory tests carried out on the photovoltaic system allowed for the illustration of the temperature distribution of the PV panel, electricity receiver, and electrical connections in real conditions.

5

Problemy w funkcjonowaniu akumulatorów litowo-jonowych w pojazdach elektrycznych oraz sposoby ich zapobiegania

Pril Agnieszka, Kasprzyk Leszek, Hanc Hanna, Michalak Dariusz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2025

|

R. 101, nr 2

93--96

PL

W artykule opisano problemy dotyczące akumulatorów litowo-jonowych, jakie mogą wystąpić podczas eksploatacji pojazdów elektrycznych. Wyróżniono trzy rodzaje problemów akumulatora, a także przedstawiono ich przyczyny, skutki i wzajemne oddziaływanie. Opisano, jak akumulatory są zabezpieczone przed tymi problemami poprzez odpowiednią konstrukcję oraz implementację funkcji w systemie BMS. Przybliżono również główne wymogi, jakie muszą spełniać akumulatory w pojazdach elektrycznych, aby zapewnić bezpieczeństwo użytkowników.

EN

The article describes the problems against which lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles must be protected. Three types of battery problems are distinguished: causes, effects and their interaction. It describes how batteries are protected against these problems through proper design and implementation of functions in the BMS. The main requirements that batteries in electric vehicles must meet to ensure user safety are also outlined.

6

Technical adaptation of natural gas infrastructure for hydrogen transport – solutions for the energy transition

Gburzyńska Marta

Polityka Energetyczna

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2025

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T. 28, z. 3

179-194

EN

In the face of the global energy transition and the urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions, hydrogen is emerging as a key energy carrier whose widespread adoption depends on the development of efficient and safe transmission infrastructure. Constructing new hydrogen networks involves high costs and long implementation times; therefore, this article analyzes the potential for adapting existing natural gas transmission infrastructure for hydrogen transport. Two main approaches are assessed: blending hydrogen with natural gas and repurposing selected pipelines for pure hydrogen transmission. The article discusses critical technical aspects, including the impact of hydrogen on materials, the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, safety, and operational requirements. The regulatory analysis covers both Polish and EU legal frameworks, with special attention to new standards and certification systems that facilitate hydrogen integration into the current energy system. Examples of pilot and commercial projects across Europe are presented, highlighting Poland’s strategic role in the development of a hydrogen economy. The findings indicate that adapting existing infrastructure can achieve significant cost savings (up to 90% compared to building new networks) and accelerate the achievement of climate goals. The article also identifies key challenges, such as leak detection, equipment compatibility, and the need for regulatory clarity, which must be addressed to enable a safe and effective energy transition. This work aims to provide decision-makers, investors, and experts with interdisciplinary knowledge essential for planning and implementing modern hydrogen infrastructure.

PL

W obliczu globalnej transformacji energetycznej i konieczności redukcji emisji CO2 wodór staje się kluczowym nośnikiem energii, którego szerokie zastosowanie wymaga rozwoju efektywnej i bezpiecznej infrastruktury przesyłowej. Budowa nowych sieci wodoru wiąże się z wysokimi kosztami i długim czasem realizacji, dlatego w artykule analizowano potencjał adaptacji istniejącej infrastruktury przesyłowej gazu ziemnego do transportu wodoru. Przedstawiono dwie główne metody: domieszkę wodoru do gazu ziemnego (blending) oraz przekształcenie wybranych gazociągów do przesyłu czystego wodoru (repurposing). Omówiono kluczowe aspekty techniczne, takie jak wpływ wodoru na materiały, ryzyko kruchości wodorowej, bezpieczeństwo sieci oraz wymagania eksploatacyjne. Analiza regulacyjna objęła zarówno polskie, jak i unijne ramy prawne, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nowych standardów i systemów certyf ikacji ułatwiających integrację wodoru z istniejącym systemem energetycznym. Przedstawiono przykłady projektów pilotażowych i komercyjnych realizowanych w Europie, podkreślając strategiczną rolę Polski w rozwoju gospodarki wodorowej. Wyniki wskazują, że adaptacja istniejącej infrastruktury może przynieść znaczące oszczędności kosztów (do 90% w porównaniu z budową nowych sieci) oraz przyczynić się do realizacji celów klimatycznych. Artykuł identyfikuje także wyzwania, takie jak detekcja wycieków, kompatybilność urządzeń oraz potrzeba doprecyzowania przepisów, które muszą zostać rozwiązane, aby zapewnić skuteczną i bezpieczną transformację energetyczną. Praca ma na celu dostarczenie decydentom, inwestorom oraz ekspertom interdyscyplinarnej wiedzy niezbędnej do planowania i wdrażania nowoczesnej infrastruktury wodorowej.

7

Metody i systemy oceny stanu eksploatacyjnego jezdni drogowych

Stawowiak Michał

Magazyn Autostrady

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2025

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Nr 1-2

64--68

PL

W artykule omówiono kluczowe aspekty utrzymania dróg, zapewniające bezpieczeństwo, przejezdność i efektywność transportu. Podkreślono znaczenie monitorowania nawierzchni, racjonalnego planowania modernizacji oraz stosowania zaawansowanych urządzeń bezpieczeństwa. Autor wskazuje na specyfikę utrzymania ulic miejskich, wymagających większej uwagi ze względu na natężenie ruchu i gęstą infrastrukturę. Artykuł akcentuje konieczność optymalizacji działań w celu minimalizacji kosztów i zwiększenia trwałości nawierzchni.

EN

The article discusses key aspects of road maintenance, ensuring safety, trafficability, and transport efficiency. It emphasises the importance of road surface monitoring, rational modernisation planning and the use of advanced safety devices. The specificity of maintaining urban streets, which require more attention due to traffic intensity and dense infrastructure, is indicated. The article highlights the need to optimise operations in order to minimise costs and increase the durability of road surface.

8

Safety of use of tracked vehicles - research issues

Kończak Jarosław

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2025

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Nr 1

1--11

EN

The article presents a look at the research of tracked vehicles. Testing includes verification of technical parameters in accordance with military requirements. The research methods are presented in general terms. At the same time, the underestimated area of research in the field of ergonomics and safety of the use of vehicles and their component systems was noticed. The effectiveness of a combat vehicle on the battlefield depends on the features of the structure and user-friendliness.

9

Safety of charging stations and service facilities for electric trucks

Pawlak Grzegorz

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2025

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Nr 1

41--48

EN

The development of road transport based on electric trucks requires appropriate charging infrastructure and the adaptation of service facilities to the specific demands of new technologies. This article aims to identify the hazards associated with operating charging stations and service facilities that cater to electric trucks. These facilities' technical, physical, and IT security aspects are discussed, and relevant legal regulations and technical standards are highlighted. The conclusions underscore the need for close collaboration among charging station operators, service facility operators, vehicle manufacturers, and market regulators.

10

Research on composite shields to protect vehicle crew from the effects of gunfire

Starczewski Lech

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2025

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Nr 1

57--66

EN

The article deals with the problem of selection of materials for two-component armored shields of motor vehicles. It is indicated how the Florence model can be used for practical purposes in the design process of the vehicle protective system and reduce the number of material combinations in ballistic verification tests. The procedure in configuring the shield for the assumed “a priori” protective and mass properties relevant to vehicle mobility is discussed. The method of configuring the above-mentioned materials is presented on the example of two-component shields in the combination of ceramic substrate of aramid and ceramic substrate of polyethylene type UHMWP. The level of protection according to the Nato Stanag 4569 document and the surface density of the shield were assumed. The selected configurations were verified in ballistic tests by determining the value of the V50 parameter. This research confirmed the possibility of using the Florence model to design simple two-component shields and reduce the number of configurations in ballistic tests confirming the assumed protection level by determining the V50 parameter.

11

Mobile composite cover as an element of the safety system during aircraft operations in random situations

Wesołowski Mariusz

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2025

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Nr 1

78--89

EN

Ensuring the safety of aircraft during flight operations was, is and will be one of the most important issues in the functioning and development of aviation. The safety of flight operations is influenced by all elements participating in this process, which can be divided into three groups, i.e.: humans, aircraft and the environment, including airfield pavements. Airfield pavements are elements that can be destroyed intentionally as a result of military operations as well as as a result of unexpected random situations (failure, catastrophe, natural disaster). Efficient reconstruction of airfield pavements in crisis situations and in warfare should enable the restoration of operational readiness of destroyed functional elements of the airport in the shortest possible time. Previous methods and technologies for the reconstruction of airfield pavements destroyed in random situations were not able to meet the high time regimes. Based on experience gained during foreign trips to engineering units of the Air Force (Great Britain, Germany, the United States of America, France), the ELP-1 KRATER mobile composite cover was designed and constructed in our country. The cover produced by Zulawy Shipyard guarantees safe conditions for aircraft during flight operations. Portable airfield covers can be successfully used in crisis situations when rebuilding functional elements of airports, as well as when making helicopter landing pads in adventitious conditions both in the country and in outside missions. The article presents the operational and utility values of the ELP-1 KRATER mobile composite cover, the scope of the laboratory tests carried out and the results of some of them, as well as the theoretical analysis of the operating conditions of the portable airfield cover.

12

Analysis of Road Network Structure Using Scale-Free Network Theory in Context of Potential Fire Department Interventions in Urbanized Area

Kowalczyk Anna Maria, Garustowicz Adam

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2025

|

Vol. 19, no. 3

5--29

EN

Roads are essential to fire departments for saving lives and protecting health. The development of urban structures and the increasing complexity of transport systems necessitate the search for novel solutions and tools for spatial analyses in safety terms. This study aims to determine whether the city’s transport system network exhibits scale-free network characteristics and whether crucial center nodes can be identified for the efficient functioning of the entire system. The study developed two transport system network models: one based on the Topographic Objects Database, and the other on data from devices that record vehicle traffic at selected nodes. Both were found to follow the bell-shaped curve characteristic of random networks; however, the second network model differed significantly from the first model due to the identification of nodes that could potentially act as hubs in an emerging scale-free network. A simulation was conducted to model the impact of cutting off these crucial nodes (centers), with a visualization of the network structure’s behavior. In conclusion, using scale-free network theory to optimize FD operations is reasonable and useful. In this scenario, the transport system network displays scale-free characteristics, thus allowing for the identification of the most crucial functional points of the entire structure.

13

Urban forests of ageing societies. Example of Łódź and Warsaw (Central Poland)

Długoński Andrzej, Wellmann Thilo, Haase Dagmar, Marchewka Justyna

Economics and Environment

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2025

|

No. 1

art. no. 1042

EN

The purpose of this work is to examine the opinions of respondents from Warsaw and Łódź forests, using the example of two forest complexes, Bielański Forest and Łagiewnicki Forest, which are the main places for active recreation. The work used a multi-mixed method that combines quantitative methods (analysis of demographic data) and qualitative methods (indicators of preferences of the elderly). Methods include a survey conducted among forest users via Google Forms and QR codes. Each respondent was assigned to a group based on age, gender, and socioeconomic status, which allowed for the detection of statistical significance (chi-square test, Statistica). Next, field inspections were conducted, as well as an assessment of the functioning of the forests and guidelines for municipal administrators. The surveys carried out in the Łagiewnicki Forest and the Bielański Forest in Łódź and the statistical analyses (test hi-square) show the fear of the ageing population about the actions initiated during the pandemic by managers and city authorities towards limiting active recreation in urban forests to promote ecology and protection of avifauna. The research points to the issue of environmental protection and active recreation in forests in the context of anthropopressure and further development of urban green infrastructure. The study could guide managers on properly manageing forest space in cities, adapting it to the needs of older people who visit it most often during the week.

PL

Celem pracy jest zbadanie opinii respondentów z lasów Warszawy i Łodzi na przykładzie dwóch kompleksów leśnych: Lasu Bielańskiego i Lasu Łagiewnickiego, które są głównymi miejscami aktywnego wypoczynku. W pracy zastosowano metodę wielomieszankową, która łączy metody ilościowe (analiza danych demograficznych) i jakościowe (wskaźniki preferencji osób starszych). Metody obejmują ankietę przeprowadzoną wśród użytkowników lasów za pośrednictwem formularzy Google i kodów QR. Każdy respondent został przydzielony do grupy na podstawie wieku, płci i statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego, co pozwoliło na wykrycie istotności statystycznej (test chi-kwadrat, Statistica). Następnie przeprowadzono kontrole terenowe, a także ocenę funkcjonowania lasów i wytyczne dla administratorów gmin. Wykonane badania ankietowe w Lesie Łagiewnickim i Lesie Bielańskim w Łodzi i przeprowadzone analizy statystyczne (test hi kwadrat) pokazują strach starzejącego się społeczeństwa o zapoczątkowane w czasie pandemii działania zarządców i władz miejskich w kierunku ograniczania rekreacji czynnej w lasach miejskich na rzecz promocji ekologii i ochrony awifauny. Badania wskazują na problem ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego i czynnej rekreacji w lasach w kontekście antropopresji i dalszych kierunków rozwoju terenów zielonej infrastruktury miast. Badania mogą stanowić wytyczne dla zarządców jak właściwie zarządzać przestrzenią lasów w miastach dostosowując ją do potrzeb starszych ludzi, którzy odwiedzają go w ciągu tygodnia najczęściej.

14

Steering into the future: public perceptions and acceptance of autonomous buses

Ejdys Joanna, Gulc Aleksandra, Budna Klaudia, Esparteiro Garcia Jorge

Economics and Environment

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2025

|

No. 1

art. no. 1140

EN

This study examines the social factors influencing the acceptance of autonomous buses, with a focus on perceived benefits, safety, and comfort. It also explores whether these factors differ among residents of cities with varying sizes and urban mobility solutions. A survey was conducted in three Polish cities, collecting data from 1,160 respondents. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse relationships between perceived benefits, safety, comfort, and future intentions to use autonomous buses. Results indicate that safety and comfort positively influence future intentions to use autonomous buses. However, the effect of perceived benefits varies across cities, suggesting that urban mobility conditions shape public acceptance. The study focuses on Polish cities, which may limit generalizability. Future research should examine other geographical contexts. Findings provide insights for policymakers and manufacturers on enhancing public trust and promoting autonomous bus adoption. Improving public awareness and addressing safety concerns may increase societal acceptance of autonomous mobility. The study uniquely assesses how city characteristics influence social acceptance of autonomous buses.

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była analiza społecznych uwarunkowań wdrożenia autonomicznych auto-busów, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem postrzeganych korzyści, bezpieczeństwa i komfortu. Przeprowadzone badania miały również na celu weryfikację na ile analizowane czynniki różnią się w zależności od wielkości miast i stosowanych rozwiązań w zakresie mobilności miejskiej. Badania ankietowe zostały przeprowadzone w trzech polskich miastach (Łomża, Warszawa, Wrocław), na próbie 1160 respondentów. Do analizy zależności między postrzeganymi korzyściami, bezpieczeństwem, komfortem a przyszłymi intencjami korzystania z autonomicznych autobusów wykorzystano modelowanie równań strukturalnych (SEM). Wyniki wskazują, że bezpieczeństwo i komfort mają pozytywny wpływ na przyszłe intencje w zakresie korzystania z autonomicznych autobusów. Jednocześnie wpływ postrzeganych korzyści różni się w zależności od miasta, co sugeruje, że warunki mobilności miejskiej kształtują społeczną akceptację analizowanej technologii.

15

Defects of railway traffic control devices on a selected railway route

Surma Szymon, Łukasik Jerzy, Konieczny Jarosław, Labisz Krzysztof, Atapek Şaban Hakan

Diagnostyka

|

2025

|

Vol. 26, No. 4

art. no. 2025406

EN

The article discusses the problem of the safety of rail Traffic Control Devices (TCD) in the process of exploitation. Particularly the article presents an analysis of failures of components of railway traffic control devices (TCD) during 12 months throughout Poland and an assessment of the impact of external factors. This article creates the basis of knowledge for modeling the system of station setting devices. the specific results include, among others, an analysis by season and time of occurrence, as well as by meteorological phenomena. The analysis used, among others, such parameters as devastation and theft as well as strictly operational factors. The existence of a relationship between the above factors and the time period of their occurrence was confirmed.

16

Quantitative risk assessment of hazardous chemical discharges and simulation of threat zones in hydrocarbon storage systems

Akni Ahcène, Bidi Manel

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2025

|

Vol. 73, nr 2

art. no. e152705

EN

Human activities predominantly depend on hydrocarbons, which are essential resources and pivotal drivers of economic growth and development in many nations. Countries with substantial hydrocarbon reserves have capitalized on these resources to generate wealth. However, the complex physicochemical properties of hydrocarbons pose significant risks to both human safety and environmental integrity. Hazard studies conducted across various Algerian oil (NAFTAL) regions, particularly at CBR (cost-benefit ratio) industrial sites, indicate that the primary dangers involve fire and explosion. Investigations into accidents within the ARV (Arrival) terminal zone have identified a strong correlation with hydrocarbon storage practices. This work aims to evaluate the risks associated with specific phenomena linked to the storage of gas oil products. To perform a semi-quantitative risk analysis of potential accident scenarios, we employed the hazard and operability study (HAZOP) method, alongside a detailed examination of possible incidents using the Fault Tree method (FTM). This approach elucidates the causes and consequences of undesirable events. Furthermore, we assessed the risks posed by these adverse scenarios and their implications for nearby reservoir areas. Using Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) software for simulation, we illustrated the identified scenarios and delineated the threat zones surrounding the S11 tank.

17

Nowe przepisy dotyczące placów zabaw

Berliński Dominik

Zieleń Miejska

|

2024

|

Nr 3

54--56

PL

Data 1 kwietnia br. oznacza istotne zmiany w polskich przepisach dotyczących placów zabaw. W tym dniu w życie wejdzie zmienione rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury w sprawie warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać budynki i ich usytuowanie. Zmiany te zostały wprowadzone jako tzw. pakiet „Stop patodeweloperce”. Nowe regulacje mają na celu podniesienie standardów bezpieczeństwa i jakości m.in. przestrzeni rekreacyjnych dla dzieci. Dotyczą także zmian związanych z dostępem tych miejsc dla osób niepełnosprawnych.

18

Improve the safety of air transport, especially in militarized terrain, by use of side looking airborne radar and space time adaptive processing

Ślesicki Błażej, Ślesicka Anna, Kawalec Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 123

335--346

EN

The paper explores the potential to enhance aviation safety, particularly in militarized regions, by outfitting aircraft with Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) and employing space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms. The research objective revolves around implementing a model of side-looking airborne radar and the corresponding STAP algorithms. This technology enables the detection of slow-moving targets amidst strong interference, encompassing both passive (clutter) and active (jammer) elements. Slow-moving targets relative to the aircraft's speed include tanks, combat vehicles, command vehicles, artillery, and logistical assets of enemy forces. The theoretical framework of space-time adaptive processing is presented, elucidating the sequential steps of the classical Sample Matrix Inversion Space-Time Adaptive Processing (SMI STAP) algorithm. The paper underscores the significance of characteristic parameters delineating a linear STAP processor. The proposed solution facilitates the detection of enemy combat measures and enhances aviation safety. It outlines a radar model installed beneath the aircraft's fuselage and elucidates algorithms for space-time adaptive processing of radar signals. The simulations conducted within the article were executed using the MATLAB environment. The simulation results indeed suggest that the proposed solution holds promise for deployment in equipping aircraft of one's own military and those engaged in operations within conflict zones. This paper stands as one of the few contributions in the literature addressing the augmentation of aircraft safety through radar and space-time adaptive processing.

19

Subjectivity and objectivity in rescue operations

Kalinowski Romuald

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2024

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Nr 92 (tom 2)

135--151

EN

Subjectivity is an expression of a specific way of regulating human relations/relationships with the environment. However, its perception varies. This stems from the individual characteristics of each person and their commitment to their own safety. In each case, however, a person formulates a goal or direction of his/her own action, an action plan, and acts or tries to act based on specific values and standards. Human subjectivity in this context is a psychological phenomenon of an evaluative and ethical nature. It is related to a human being (entity), a being that has the special privilege of having the appropriate social, legal and ethical rights and status.

20

Selected aspects of the use of nanotechnology – solutions and challenges in the field of safety and in the regulatory area

Rabajczyk Anna, Wyszomirska Monika, Zboina Jacek

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2024

|

Nr 89 (tom 1)

63--84

EN

Nanotechnology is one of the areas used in industry and everyday life increasingly frequently. However, the physico-chemical nature of nanosubstances makes it necessary to determine not only the possibility of their use, but also the potential hazards that may be caused by those substances. One such hazard is fire safety. Nanoparticles may cause the risk of explosion, the occurrence and development of fire in an industrial plant. The results of research conducted on a selected sample of manufacturers of products used in fire protection indicated, among others, of the inefficiency of knowledge related to national and EU regulations (containing specific requirements) that can and/ or should be applied and implemented by entrepreneurs. Additionally, legal regulations that define directions of activities in industrial areas do not consider all aspects related to nanosubstances. It is therefore necessary to initiate a discussion and indicate the necessary actions that would allow the identification of a threat stemming from the presence of nanoparticles and the use of nanotechnology during various activities in industrial plants. This will also increase the awareness of managers in this area and those responsible for fire safety, including firefighting teams.