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1

The Importance of Data in the Modeling Process of the Realized Net Coal Production Level

Linczowska Agata, Kowal Barbara, Kęsek Marek, Piwowarczyk Paweł

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 1, no. 1

147--153

EN

Data analysis and model building are important elements of enterprise management, especially in mining, where the risk of conducting business is high. The article presents the procedure of building an econometric model that presents the realized level of net coal extraction. The procedure of model construction was carried out using one of the data selection methods, namely the graph method. Although the process of selecting variables for the model is correct, it is not sufficient for the correctness of the model itself. The example given shows what problems may arise and answers the question of whether modeling alone is a sufficient process to describe the analyzed phenomenon.

PL

Analiza danych i budowanie modeli są ważnym elementem zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem, szczególnie wydobywczym, gdzie ryzyko prowadzenia działalności jest duże. W artykule przeprowadzono procedurę budowy modelu ekonometrycznego przedstawiającego zrealizowany poziom wydobycia węgla netto. Przeprowadzono procedurę konstrukcji modelu z wykorzystaniem jednej z metod selekcji danych, a mianowicie metody grafowej. Pomimo, że proces doboru zmiennych do modelu jest prawidłowy, to jednak niewystarczający dla poprawności samego modelu. Przytoczony przykład pokazuje jakie problemy mogą się pojawić oraz odpowiada na pytanie czy samo modelowanie jest wystarczającym procesem do opisu analizowanego zjawiska.

2

Management of Technical and Economic Factors in the Concept of Recovery, Production, and Processing of Hydrocarbons

Zberovskyi Vasyl, Vlasenko Vasyl, Bubnova Olena, Ahaiev Ruslan, Miroshnykov Ivan, Jamiński Maciej

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 4, no. 2

249--261

EN

This paper investigates the prospects for post-war revitalization of the Central Region of Donbas (CRD) through the establishment of an innovative technology park based on coal and hydrocarbon resource utilization, using the Toretska Mine of the State Enterprise Toretskugol as a case study. The study evaluates balance coal reserves within the mine field and analyzes existing and emerging technologies for the extraction and processing of hydrocarbon compounds. The Toretska Mine contains approximately 18.6 million tons of coal reserves, including 14.6 million tons of industrial reserves. With the current mining technology and an annual production capacity of 110 thousand tons, the estimated operational lifetime of the mine exceeds 130 years. In addition to conventional reserves, the deposit includes 20 coal seams with thicknesses ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 m, of which 11 seams have workable thicknesses of 0.25–0.5 m down to the −1500 m isogypsum level. The coal resources are primarily high-quality K and Zh grades, capable of yielding more than 350 valuable substances for industrial and agricultural applications. The paper highlights unconventional approaches to coal and methane extraction, including mining technologies for thin and very thin seams and methane recovery from depleted mine workings. Although stable profitability from thin-seam mining has not yet been demonstrated in practice, a comprehensive approach integrating advanced geotechnologies, hydrocarbon processing, and industrial symbiosis is proposed. Drawing on the experience of major energy enterprises, such as DTEK Energo, the creation of an innovative CRD technology park could enable additional value generation and contribute to sustainable regional recovery in the post-war period.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł analizuje perspektywy powojennej rewitalizacji Centralnego Regionu Donbasu (CRD) poprzez utworzenie innowacyjnego parku technologicznego opartego na wykorzystaniu zasobów węgla i węglowodorów, wykorzystując jako studium przypadku kopalnię Toretska należącą do przedsiębiorstwa państwowego Toretskugol. W artykule dokonano oceny bilansowych zasobów węgla w polu wydobywczym oraz przeanalizowano istniejące i nowe technologie wydobycia i przeróbki związków węglowodorowych. Kopalnia Toretska posiada około 18,6 mln ton zasobów węgla, w tym 14,6 mln ton zasobów przemysłowych. Przy obecnej technologii wydobywczej i rocznej zdolności produkcyjnej wynoszącej 110 tys. ton, szacowany okres eksploatacji kopalni przekracza 130 lat. Oprócz zasobów konwencjonalnych, złoże obejmuje 20 pokładów węgla o miąższości od 0,1 do 0,5 m, z czego 11 pokładów ma miąższość eksploatacyjną od 0,25 do 0,5 m do poziomu izogipsu −1500 m. Zasoby węgla to przede wszystkim wysokiej jakości węgle K i Zh, które mogą zawierać ponad 350 cennych substancji do zastosowań przemysłowych i rolniczych. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na niekonwencjonalne podejścia do wydobycia węgla i metanu, w tym technologie górnicze dla cienkich i bardzo cienkich pokładów oraz odzysk metanu z wyeksploatowanych wyrobisk górniczych. Chociaż stabilna rentowność wydobycia cienkich pokładów nie została jeszcze udowodniona w praktyce, zaproponowano kompleksowe podejście integrujące zaawansowane geotechnologie, przerób węglowodorów i symbiozę przemysłową. Opierając się na doświadczeniu dużych przedsiębiorstw energetycznych, takich jak DTEK Energo, utworzenie innowacyjnego parku technologicznego CRD mogłoby umożliwić generowanie dodatkowej wartości i przyczynić się do zrównoważonej odbudowy regionu w okresie powojennym.

3

Method for estimating the size of mineable resource base in the concept of an effective exploitation parcel (EPE)

Malinowski Leszek, Kopacz Michał, Sobczyk Jacek, Kulpa Jarosław, Galica Dominik, Olczak Piotr, Jarosz Jacek, Dyczko Artur, Kaczmarzewski Sylwester, Kicki Jerzy

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2025

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Vol. 41, iss. 3

167--195

EN

The paper presents an authorial method of determining the deposit resource base considering changing market conditions. To achieve this goal authors built the dedicated software, which optimizes mining schedules taking into account the expected impact of geological and mining factors and natural hazards on the exploitation process. The research method developed, and the IT tool built, enables the analysis of thousands of variants of cutting the mining plots in order to identify ones that maximize the profit potential of longwalls and parcels. In this method the potential is measured by the value of the operating margin and profit, which include capital expenditure and operating costs of coal production. The impact of geological, mining and natural hazard factors is identified in a multicriteria method. Then, by estimating the authorial risk index RI, the cost of equity – the weighted component of the mining company’s cost of capital – is adjusted. The results of the presented example show that even small changes in raw material price may significantly affect the amount of recoverable resources and the economic value of the project (NPV). Resource base in the analyzed cases ranges from 0 to 45 million Mg and the NPV from 0 to 7.8 billion PLN. For the base price scenario effective resources amount to 19.4 million Mg, which represents only 42% of the proven recoverable resources. The approach used is in line with the requirements of the JORC Code and enables multivariate analysis of tunnel layouts using advanced digital tools.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano autorską metodę określania wielkości bazy zasobowej złoża w zależności od zmiennych warunków rynkowych. Do realizacji tego celu zastosowano dedykowane oprogramowanie do optymalizacji harmonogramów produkcji górniczej z uwzględnieniem oczekiwanego wpływu czynników geologicznych, górniczych i zagrożeń na wydobycie węgla kamiennego. Opracowana metoda badawcza i zbudowane narzędzie informatyczne umożliwiają analizę tysięcy wariantów rozcinki złoża i parcel eksploatacyjnych celem identyfikacji wariantów zagospodarowania maksymalizujących potencjał dochodowy ścian i parcel. W niniejszej metodzie etapie potencjał ten jest mierzony wartością marży operacyjnej i zysku szacowanego po uwzględnieniu nakładów inwestycyjnych i kosztów operacyjnych produkcji węgla. Wpływ czynników geologicznych, górniczych i zagrożeń naturalnych jest identyfikowany w metodzie wielokryterialnej, a następnie poprzez szacowanie autorskiego indeksu ryzyka RI korygowany jest koszt kapitałów własnych - składnik ważonego kosztu kapitału przedsiębiorstwa górniczego. Wyniki przykładu obliczeniowego wskazują, że nawet niewielkie zmiany cen surowca mogą znacząco wpływać na opłacalność eksploatacji, skalę zasobów możliwych do pozyskania oraz wartość ekonomiczną projektu (NPV), przy czym w analizowanym przypadku baza zasobowa wahała się od 0 do 45 mln Mg, a N PV od 0 do 7,8 mld PLN. Dla scenariusza bazowego oszacowana wielkość zasobów efektywnych ekonomicznie sięgnęła 19,4 mln Mg, co stanowi zaledwie 42% zasobów udokumentowanych w kategorii zasobów operatywnych (wydobywalnych). Zastosowane podejście wpisuje się w wymagania systemu klasyfikacji zasobów JORC Code i umożliwia wielowariantową analizę geometrii wyrobisk z wykorzystaniem zaawansowanych narzędzi cyfrowych.

4

Effectiveness of continuous surface mining systems: lessons learned from six decades of lignite extraction in Western Macedonia, Greece

Kondyla Dimitra, Pavloudakis Francis, Kapageridis Ioannis, Barakos George, Roumpos Christos, Agioutantis Zach

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 70, no. 2

183--204

EN

The South Field Mine, situated in Western Macedonia, Greece, has used continuous surface mining systems: bucket wheel excavators (BWEs), belt conveyors, and stackers for over four decades of uninterrupted operation. This paper, using the principles of the Lessons-Learned process, tries to identify, document, analyse, and disseminate valuable knowledge and experience acquired in this mine, focusing on the performance indicators and downtimes of BWEs. Quantitative analysis methods were employed to analyse data and detect trends and factors for productive time losses. During a rather crucial period for the mine, due to decarbonisation and energy transition policies, the performance of BWEs exhibited a decline. On the other hand, availability and utilisation remained relatively stable. Mechanical failures and annual maintenance appeared to be the primary causes of downtimes. Non-operating time, connected with the lack of personnel, also had a great impact on operational efficiency. According to the linear regression model, this downtime has the greatest influence on the availability of the BWEs. In conclusion, this research implies the importance of the incorporation of new technologies for monitoring and producing daily and monthly records of the mine activities, which can enhance the overall effectiveness of a continuous mining system.

5

Detection of surface coal mining areas from remote sensing data based on the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform

Le Van Phu, Trinh Le Hung

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2025

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Vol. 74, no. 2

art. no. e70, 2025

EN

Surface Coal Mining Areas (SCMAs) refer to regions affected by open-pit coal mining activities, including extraction sites and associated waste disposal zones. This study proposes the methodology for SCMA detecting in Cam Pha and Ha Long regions (Quang Ninh province, northern Vietnam) from remote sensing data based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. The remote sensing data used in this study consists of multispectral satellite images from Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS. Processing remote sensing data to detect SCMA includes the following steps: image segmentation using SNIC algorithm (Simple Non-Iterative Clustering), spectral index calculation from Landsat images, threshold-based classification, and spatial analysis to delineate extracting areas (EA) and stripped/dumping areas (SA-DA). The results indicate that Cam Pha has a larger EA (11.98 km2) and SA-DA (17.09 km2) compared to Ha Long (6.36 km2 and 3.59 km2), respectively. In contrast, Ha Long exhibits a higher EA/SA-DA ratio (1.77), suggesting more land reclamation, while Cam Pha has extensive mining waste accumulation (0.70). These findings highlight the severe environmental degradation caused by coal mining, emphasizing the need for sustainable land management. The SCMA detection approach in GEE provides an efficient, scalable method for real-time monitoring, long-term change detection, and environmental restoration planning in mining regions.

6

Study on mechanical response characteristics of anchor under dynamic disturbance

Yin Zhiqiang, Wang Chao, Chen Zhiyu, Cao Youxun, Yang Tao, Chen Deren, Wang Dengke

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 69, no. 1

141--154

EN

The roadway surrounding rock is often subjected to severe damage under dynamic loading at greater mining depths. To study the dynamic response of prestressed anchors, the damage characteristics of anchor solids with different prestresses and number of impacts under dynamic and static loads were investigated by improving the Hopkinson bar equipment. The effect of prestress on stress wave transmission was obtained, and the laws and reasons for axial force loss under static and dynamic loads were analyzed. The damage characteristics of anchor solids were determined experimentally. The results show that with an increase in prestress from 15 to 30 MPa, the peak value of the stress wave gradually increases and the decay rate gradually decreases. Shear damage occurred at the impact end of the specimen, combined tension and shear damage occurred at the free end, and fracture occurred in the middle. With an increase in the number of impacts, the damage to the anchor solid specimens gradually increased, and the prestressing force gradually decreased. After impact, the axial force of the various prestressed anchor solid specimens gradually increased; however, the anchor bar with a 17 MPa prestressing force had the slowest rate of axial force loss during impact, withstanding a greater number of impacts. In on-site applications, after three explosions, the displacement on both sides of the tunnel supported by 17 MPa prestressed anchor rods could be controlled within 0.3 m, with an average displacement of 206, 240, and 283 mm, respectively, increasing by 16.5% and 17.9%. This study, based on theoretical analysis and laboratory research combined with field application provides guidance for the anchor support of a dynamic loading tunnel.

7

Influence of thickness of weak bedding planes at various positions within pillar height on strength: a numerical modelling study

Singh Abhishek Kumar, Ram Sahendra, Kumar Ashok

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 69, no. 3

409--430

EN

Efficient extraction of coal from an underground mine is mainly done under the protection of different forms of coal pillars. It is observed that the coal seams and its host rock contain different geological discontinuities such as weak beds (bands), which affect the strength of pillars. The weak bed creates weak bedding planes. The available pillar strength formulae are based on the width-to-height ratio, depth of cover, and strength of intact coal, and they do not consider the effects of discontinuities. A numerical simulation study on the quarter symmetry model is carried out to assess the impact of weak beds with their positional variation and thickness. The strength of the pillar without discontinuities estimated through the simulation study was validated with those obtained by the indigenous empirical strength formula. A weak bed of 0.2 m, 0.3 m, 0.4 m, and 0.5 m thick was incorporated into the model within the pillar height at different positions and studied its impact on pillar strength. A simulation study revealed that the presence of a weak bedding plane at different positions in the pillar system reduces the strength of the pillar from 3.50% to 15%. However, it was found that the strength is reduced more in the case of a weak roof-pillar interface.

8

Bolting control of a coal roadway under multi-seam mining – a case study

Zhou Kunyou, Wu Jiaxuan, Kan Jiliang, Yang Ke, Zhao Xiangzhuo, Li Yunpeng

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 69, no. 2

303--325

EN

The stress field of the roadway under multi-seam mining is complex due to multiple mining disturbances. The bolting control of the roadway under multi-seam mining has attracted wide concern. Moreover, conventional metal supporting materials in the coal rib are prone to sparks when shearer works, and new bolting materials are urgently needed. Taking a track roadway under multi-seam mining in China as the engineering case, the mining-induced stress field of the track roadway under multi-seam mining was investigated through numerical simulation and lab and field tests. The test evaluated the mechanical behaviour of FRP bolts and rebar bolts, as well as their anchorage performance under different conditions. Comparative analysis was conducted on the deformation and failure characteristics of the roadway under different bolting parameters to determine an optimised bolting scheme for the track roadway in the I011501 working face. The results show that the goafs and the remaining coal pillars in the overlying coal seams increase the stress in the track roadway in the I011501 working face, especially for the lower rib and roof. The tensile force of the 27 mm-diameter FRP bolt is 1.2 times that of the 22 mm-diameter rebar bolt. The shear strength of the full-length anchored FRP bolt is 70.8% higher than that of the end-anchored bolt. The peak stress of the full-length-anchored bolt is in the shallow coal and rock mass. The optimised bolting scheme of the track roadway subject to multi-seam mining is determined, and the cost of the optimised bolting scheme is lower by about 25.2%, as compared with the primary bolting scheme. Numerical simulation and field application results indicate that the optimised bolting scheme can significantly reduce the deformation and plastic failure of the track roadway in the I011501 working face, which is under multi-seam mining conditions.

9

Influence of cutting parameters on the performance of plough during hard rock cutting in coal mining

Palaniappan Sathish Kumar, Chinnasamy Moganapriya, Pal Samir Kumar, Rathanasamy Rajasekar

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

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Vol. 22. iss. 3

185--194

EN

Coal ploughs have proved very successful on many faces in various parts of the world. Recently, there has been a general tendency in longwall working to increase the speed at which the machine progresses along the coal face. An increase in production rate demands enhances either due to depth of penetration or cutting speed. This, in turn, results in increasing power demand and also the force acting on an individual pick. To get maximum efficiency from a cutting machine, a number of parameters need to be investigated. The first and foremost thing of interest is naturally the pick geometry. The cutting force can be expected to depend mainly on the rack angle and clearance angle of the tool. The second parameter is the cutting depth, which when enhanced, increases the rate of advancement and, at the same time, results in enhanced cutting force. This results in large power demand and increases wear of picks. Thirdly, cutting speed, in which higher cutting speed will increase the production rate but at the same time is expected to enhance the power demand and the cutting force. This paper aims at investigating the cutting efficiency of the plough by simulating the coal cutting operation in the laboratory. The effect of three main parameters like pick geometry, cutting depth, and cutting speed, on cutting efficiency have been studied in detail. The cutting force elevates at a faster rate with an increase in depth at higher speeds. The percentage increase in force is nearly 20% for a speed increase of 20%.

10

Study on pressure relief mechanism of hydraulic support in working face under directional roof crack

Zhang Jun, Liu Jianning, Wang Yajun, Yang Gang, Hou Shilin, Wang Yuanjun, He Manchao, Yang Jun

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 68, no. 1

103--123

EN

When mining coal from the working face, the main roof withstands the overlying strata. The main roof’s first weighting and periodic weighting may cause accidents, such as crushing the working face hydraulic supports. A mechanical model of the main roof was constructed, and the contributing factors of first and periodic weights on the main roof were examined in order to prevent such accidents. The thickness of the main roof was found as the most contributory factor to the main roof’s stability. Therefore, a new directional roof crack (DRC) technique is proposed, which produces directional cracks in the main roof through directional blasting and makes part of it collapse in advance so as to reduce the thickness and relieve the first and periodic weighting. To verify the effectiveness of DRC, the mechanism of DRC was analysed. A mechanical model of the hydraulic support was constructed, and the DRC techniques were tested on-site. Field experiments with a complete set of monitoring schemes showed that, with DRC technology, the roof periodic weighting interval decreased by 35.36%, and the hydraulic support pressure decreased by 17.56%. The theoretical analysis was consistent with the measured results. Therefore, the DRC technology is feasible and effective to ensure mining safety at the working face.

11

Shaft liquidation method adjusted for high precipitation associated with climate change impact

Szymała Jan, Całus Moszko Joanna, Janson Ewa, Sobczak Dagmara, Konsek Stanisław

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2022

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Vol. 21, iss. 3

216--227

EN

In connection with the implementation of the international project TEXMIN within the framework of the RFCS fund, a project for the liquidation of the Głowacki Shaft in Rybnik (Poland) was undertaken, which takes into account the effects of climate change, i.e. evaluation of the increase of precipitation in the region. In addition to the standard research undertaken before liquidation activities, precipitation data recorded by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management from 1995 to 2019 was collected and the precipitation variability was analysed. As a result, a method for liquidation of the shaft was selected consisting of constructing a permeable backfill column in the shaft and using a shaft pipe filled with permeable backfill material. Metallurgical aggregate was identified as a suitable backfill material, for which degradation tests, filtration coefficient tests and an assessment of its impact on water quality were carried out. It has been determined that a backfill column constructed in this manner can fulfil its function as a long-term gravity-driven water flow.

12

Geomechanical assessments of longwall working stability – a case study

Nguyen Phu Minh Vuong, Rajwa Sylwester, Płonka Marek, Stachura Waldemar

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 67, no. 2

333--354

EN

The stability of longwall mining is one of the most important and the most difficult aspects of underground coal mining. The loss of longwall stability can threaten lives, disrupt the continuity of the mining operations, and it requires significant materials and labour costs associated with replacing the damages. In fact, longwall mining stability is affected by many factors combined. Each case of longwall mining has its own unique and complex geological and mining conditions. Therefore, any case study of longwall stability requires an individual analysis. In Poland, longwall mining has been applied in underground coal mining for years. The stability of the longwall working is often examined using an empirical method. A regular longwall mining panel (F3) operation was designed and conducted at the Borynia-Zofiówka-Jastrzębie (BZJ) coal mine. During its advancement, roof failures were observed, causing a stoppage. This paper aims to identify and determine the mechanisms of these failures that occurred in the F3 longwall. A numerical model was performed using the finite difference method - code FLAC2D, representing the exact geological and mining conditions of the F3 longwall working. Major factors that influenced the stability of the F3 longwall were taken into account. Based on the obtained results from numerical analysis and the in-situ observations, the stability of the F3 longwall was discussed and evaluated. Consequently, recommended practical actions regarding roof control were put forward for continued operation in the F3 longwall panel.

13

Case study: Mechanism and effect analysis of presplitting blasting in shallow extra-thick coal seam

Sun Qiang, Shan Chegfang, Wu Zhongya, Wang Yunbo

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 67, no. 3

381--399

EN

The caving effect of the top coal caving is crucial for efficient mining. Using the Yushuling coal mine, Xinjiang province, China, as a case study, the coal and rock physical and mechanical parameters, such as the compressive, tensile, and shear strength values and hardness of the top coal and roof rock, were determined. The analysis of the effect of different factors on the blasting presplitting process was numerically simulated, and the optimal parameters of blast drilling were identified. Three presplit boreholes were implemented: in the workface, the workface’s advance area, and the two roadway roofs in the workface’s advance area. The optimal blasting drilling parameters and charge structure were designed. The field test results in the mine under study indicated that the top coal recovery rate of the 110501 fully mechanised top coal caving face was improved twice (from 40 to more than 80%), and an effective blasting presplitting was achieved. The proposed blasting presplitting method has an important guiding significance for fully mechanised top coal caving mining in Xinjiang and similar mining areas.

14

The assessment of the optimal time window for prediction of seismic hazard for longwall coal mining: the case study

Małkowski Piotr, Niedbalski Zbigniew, Sojka Wojciech

Acta Geophysica

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2021

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Vol. 69, no. 2

691--699

EN

The dynamic nature of rock mass damage during mining activity generates seismic events. This article shows, how the time window for the database infuences on the actual status of seismic hazard for the longwall mining area in one of Polish coal mines using Gutenberg–Richter law. A time window of 10–90 days was assumed with similar or shorter prediction times forecast on its basis. Additionally, for each seismic database the hazard prediction accuracy was determined. The analysis shows that the 10- and 20-day base periods are too short for prediction purposes. The higher-energy seismic events sometimes do not occur within such a short period of time, preventing regression analysis and parameter b determination. The best time window for the seismic hazard prognosis in given geological and mining conditions seems to be 30–50 days. The shorter periods cause the underestimation of the seismic hazard prognosis. Low range of tremor energies and the relatively low number of seismic events with high energy cause the low probability of prediction of the seismic mining events (10–40%) of the energy of min. 106 J, even for longer day base periods. The accuracy of hazard prediction, obtained from each seismic database period, was determined, using the developed coefcient of hazard autoregression CN. The analysis of the Gutenberg–Richter distribution should serve as complementary tool of seismic hazard prediction only.

15

Filarowy system wybierania węgla i jego rozwój w śląskich kopalniach

Gierlotka Stefan

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2020

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R. 22, nr 2

90--92

PL

W XVIII wieku na obszarze Górnego Śląska węgiel urabiano systemem chodników wybierkowych. Od chodnika podstawowego prowadzono prostopadle chodniki wybierkowe, z których starano się uzyskać jak najwięcej węgla. Ze względu na wzmożone ciśnienie górotworu występujące na skrzyżowaniu chodników pozostawiano filar węglowy podtrzymujący strop. System ten był mało wydajny i niebezpieczny.

16

True cost of coal: Coal mining industry and its associated environmental impacts on water resource development

Masood Noshin, Hudsone-Edwards Karen, Farooqi Abida

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2020

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Vol. 19, iss. 3

135--149

EN

Coal is a strategic and essential resource that ensures quality of life, energy security and sustainable development. Being the cheapest source of energy, it is the second after oil that is used to generate 40% of the world's electricity. However, traditional and conventional coal fuel extraction can threaten human health bycontaminating air and water, harming land, and contributing to global warming. The environmental impacts associated with conventional methods of coal mining and consumption can affect all components of the environment, and these impacts may be beneficial or harmful, permanent or temporary, repairable or irreparable, and reversible or irreversible in nature. These effects require considering of changing the production and consumption of coalwithin a technological framework. Coal mining operationscan cause both quantitative and qualitative impacts on water systems in and around mining areas. This paper reviews the impacts of coal mining on water resource development. Land subsidence, disruption of hydrological channels, flooding, and contamination of water resources and depletion of water table are the major measurable impacts of mining activity on the hydrological environment.

17

COVID-19: A spectio-temporal analysis of air quality status in coking coalfields of India due to nationwide lockdown in India

Singh Amarjeet, Singh Gurdeep

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2020

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Vol. 19, iss. 4

243--253

EN

A novel infectious corona virus disease (COVID-19) was identified in the month of December 2019. It has now been announced as a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 pandemic has positive impacts on the environmental pollutants. In present work, Coalfield areas of Jharia Coalfields (JCF), India have been taken as a case study to evaluate the effect of the lockdown on air quality at 10 locations. This study had been selected to estimate the reduction in concentration of pollutants likePM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx during 3 Seasons (summer, Post-Monsoon and winter season) in the year 2019 in comparison to the concentration during the lockdown period i.e. from April 2020 to June 2020. The study areas selected was as fire affected and non-fire affected areas of Jharia Coalfield to identify the contribution of pollutants in the mining area to establish the baseline concentration of Business as usual (BAU) vs. the lockdown condition. The average reduction in concentration of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx was observed as 18%, 14%, 22% and 26% respectively during the lockdown period in comparison with the annual average concentration. As observed, the AQI value at the selected monitoring sites in JCF was 1.5 times higher in comparison to the lockdown period. This study will provide the confidence to the regulatory body for strict implementation of the applicable air quality standard/policies in the mining areas. The study will also provide confidence to the regulatory body in making emission control strategies for improvement of environmental conditions and human health.

18

Influence of the geology of coal deposits on their extraction and urbanistic development: a case study of Petřvald (Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin)

Sivek Martin, Jirásek Jakub

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2020

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T. 36, z. 2

21--40

EN

Petřvald is a typical mining town in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin. Since the Petřvald sub-basin is limited by significant tectonic structures, its development was to a great extent independent from other areas of the basin and can serve as an example of the influence of the geological structure on the development of mining and residential communities. In the first phase of mining development (ca 1830 to 1844) first claims begin to occur in the area. Thick coal seams were available in shallow depths. Due to missing railway connection, the demand for coal was not very large and the village economy was focused on agriculture. In the second phase (1844 to 1871), the first underground mines start to operate in the area. They were situated in favorable areas with thin overburden. Also, the connection to the railway improved the sale opportunities and a significant share of the local population worked in the mines. The third phase of mining (1871 to 1963) brought still increasing demand for coal, which resulted in establishing new coal mines in geologically less favorable areas (thicker overburden, water-bearing horizons). From the 1930s to the end of the 1950s the extraction peaked, which coincided with the urbanistic and cultural climax. New housing was provided for miners and their families by the companies. The final stage of mining development (1963 to 1998) is connected with the steady decline of production and phase-out of mining. The reason was a lack of economically recoverable coal reserves connected to unfavorable geological conditions. We conclude that the results of studies concerning specific geological parameters of coal deposits can be used for more detailed analyses regarding the development of urbanism, or to explain its causes.

PL

Petřvald jest typowym miastem górniczym w czeskiej części Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego. Ponieważ subzagłębie Petřvald jest ograniczone znacznymi strukturami tektonicznymi, jego rozwój był w dużej mierze niezależny od innych obszarów subzagłębia i może służyć jako przykład wpływu struktury geologicznej na rozwój wspólnot górniczych i mieszkalnych. W pierwszej fazie rozwoju górnictwa (ok. 1830–1844) w okolicy zaczynają pojawiać się pierwsze roszczenia. Grube pokłady węgla były dostępne na płytkich głębokościach. Z powodu braku połączenia kolejowego zapotrzebowanie na węgiel nie było bardzo duże, a gospodarka wsi koncentrowała się na rolnictwie. W drugiej fazie (1844–1871) pierwsze podziemne kopalnie zaczęły działać na tym obszarze. Umieszczono je w sprzyjających obszarach z cienkim nadkładem. Połączenie z koleją poprawiło także możliwości sprzedaży i warunki życia znacznej części miejscowej ludności pracującej w kopalniach. Trzecia faza wydobycia (1871–1961) przyniosła wciąż rosnące zapotrzebowanie na węgiel, co zaowocowało utworzeniem nowych kopalń węgla na obszarach mniej korzystnych geologicznie (grubszy nadkład, poziomy wodonośne). Od lat trzydziestych do końca lat pięćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku wydobycie osiągnęło szczyt, co zbiegło się w czasie z punktem kulminacyjnym urbanistyki i kultury. Firmy zapewniły nowe mieszkania dla górników i ich rodzin. Ostatni etap rozwoju górnictwa (1961–1998) związany jest ze stałym spadkiem produkcji i likwidacją wydobycia. Przyczyną był brak ekonomicznie wydobywalnych zasobów węgla związanych z niekorzystnymi warunkami geologicznymi. Stwierdzamy, że wyniki badań dotyczące konkretnych parametrów geologicznych złóż węgla można wykorzystać do bardziej szczegółowych analiz dotyczących rozwoju urbanistyki.

19

A preliminary assessment of climate change impacts – implications for mining activity in Polish coal regions

Janson Ewa, Markowska Małgorzata, Łabaj Paweł, Wrana Aleksander, Zawartka Paweł

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2020

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Vol. 65, no. 3

703--717

EN

It is widely known and accepted that the global climate is changing with unprecedented speed. Climate models project increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation regimes which will alter the frequency, magnitude, and geographic distribution of climate-related hazards including flood, drought and heat waves. In the mining industry, climate change impacts are an area of research around the world, mostly in relation to the mining industry in Australia and Canada, where mining policies and mitigation actions based on the results of this research were adopted and applied. In Poland, there is still a lack of research on how climate change, and especially extreme weather events, impacts mining activity. This impact may be of particular importance in Poland, where the mining industry is in the process of intensive transition. The paper presents an overview of hazardous events in mining in Poland that were related to extreme weather phenomena. The needs and recommended actions in the scope of mitigating the impact of future climate change on mining in all stages of its functioning were also indicated. The presented analyses and conclusions are the results of the first activities in the TEXMIN project: The impact of extreme weather events on mining activities, identifying the most important factors resulting from climate change impact on mining.

20

A new prediction model of surface subsidence with cauchy distribution in the coal mine of thick topsoil condition

Jiang Yue, Misa Rafał, Tajduś Krzysztof, Sroka Anton, Jiang Yan

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2020

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Vol. 65, no. 1

147--158

EN

Coal is the main energy source in China, but its underground mining causes surface subsidence, chich seriously damages the ecological and living environments. How to calculate subsidence accurately is a core issue in evaluating mining damage. At present, the most commonly used method of calculation is the Probability Integral Method (PIM), based on a normal distribution. However, this method has limitations in thick topsoil (thickness > 100 m), in that the extent of the calculated boundary of the subsidence basin is smaller than its real extent, and this has an undoubted impact on the accurate assessment of the extent of mining damage. Therefore, this paper introduces a calculation model for surface subsidence based on a Cauchy distribution for thick topsoil conditions. This not only improves the accuracy of calculation at the subsidence basin boundary, but also provides a universal method for the calculation of surface subsidence.