Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Drgania skrętne pobudzane przez napędy

Nowicki Ryszard

Kierunek Chemia

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2026

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Nr 2

46-50, 53-56, 59-60, 62

PL

Drgania skrętne w układach wirnikowych to zjawisko, którego źródła nie ograniczają się do samych maszyn. W artykule zajmiemy się napędami oraz wybranymi naruszeniami stanu technicznego, które powodują pojawienie się tych drgań w systemie wirników.

2

Cykl: Historia elektromobilności. Cz. 3, Kierunek zrównoważony rozwój

Tomkowiak Marcin

Logistyka

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2025

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nr 1

52--55

PL

Dziś elektromobilność jest ważnym elementem strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju wielu krajów. Pojazdy elektryczne mogą być zarówno wydajne, jak i atrakcyjne dla konsumentów. W przyszłości możemy spodziewać się dalszego rozwoju technologii akumulatorów, zwiększenia zasięgu pojazdów oraz rozbudowy infrastruktury ładowania.

3

Pompowanie amoniaku do wysokich ciśnień

Peczkis Grzegorz, Przybyła Grzegorz, Adamczyk Wojciech, Iwachów Marta

Kierunek Chemia

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2025

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Nr 2

70--76

PL

Pompowanie amoniaku w instalacjach przemysłowych wymaga oceny poszczególnych elementów pomp z uwagi na konflikty reakcji amoniaku z metalami i tworzywami. To istotne zagadnienie, gdyż amoniak może stać się kluczowym nośnikiem energii w przyszłości, szczególnie w kontekście przechowywania wodoru. Wskazuje na to rozwój technologii jego spalania zarówno w silnikach spalinowych, jak i w turbinach gazowych oraz ogniwach paliwowych.

4

Evaluation of RDE exhaust emission indicators of Euro 6 passenger cars using classical and window averaging methods

Pielecha Jacek, Skobiej Kinga, Sieroń Marek

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 4

103--113

EN

The article presents a comparison of exhaust emission results obtained in on-road tests using the latest legislative proposals relating to passenger cars. The results were analyzed with reference to the classical method (considering all measurement data) and the measurement window averaging method, also referred to in the literature as the EMROAD method. In this approach, measurement windows are defined (based on carbon dioxide emission data from the WLTC test), and the corresponding on-road emissions are determined for the RDE test. The study included Euro 6c vehicles equipped with gasoline engines and diesel engines. The gasoline engines featured direct fuel injection, while the diesel vehicle was equipped with a particulate filter and a selective catalytic reduction system to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. In on-road tests, the correction factors depended on the applied technical solutions. For direct-injection gasoline engines in the Euro 6 class, the values remained below 1. A characteristic feature was that the correction factors were higher in the urban part of the test and lower for the entire RDE cycle. A different pattern was observed for diesel vehicles: in on-road tests, the correction factors were higher for the entire test than for the urban part of the RDE test. The conducted research and the determined emission indices made it possible to evaluate the environmental performance of vehicles from different emission classes and, at the same time, to provide a basis for proactive measures aimed at reducing selected pollutants from passenger cars.

5

Characteristics of pollutants emitted by motor vehicles and their impact on the environment and engine operation

Dziubak Tadeusz, Ślęzak Marcin

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 1

37--55

EN

Gaseous and solid pollutants (dusts) of the atmospheric air are presented. The properties of dusts are given and dusts are subdivided according to various criteria. The sources and characteristics of artificial (anthropogenic) and natural pollutants of ambient air are given. It was shown that the main source of artificial pollution, apart from industry, is motorization. The internal combustion engines of cars are a source of gaseous and particulate pollutants, whose emissions have been significantly reduced. The originality of the article consists in carrying out an extensive literature analysis and demonstrating that the emission of ‘non-motor’ pollutants in the form of dust from the wear of brake friction linings and discs, clutches and from the wear of tire and road treads, as well as mineral dust lifted from the ground, is currently a greater threat to human health and the environment than engine emissions. The effects of road transport particulate emissions and mineral dust, the primary component of road dust, on human health, vegetation and the performance of engine and vehicle systems are presented.

6

Potencjał amoniaku jako paliwa do silników spalinowych

Stępień Zbigniew

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2024

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R. 27, Nr 11 (309)

4-6

PL

W ostatnich latach coraz częściej dostrzegane są zalety amoniaku jako bezwęglowego paliwa przyszłości. W artykule opisano i porównano podstawowe właściwości fizykochemiczne amoniaku z analogicznymi właściwościami innych paliw. W szczególności, przeprowadzono analizę właściwości istotnych z punktu widzenia stosowania amoniaku jako paliwa do tłokowych silników spalinowych. Omówiono problemy związane ze stosowaniem amoniaku jako paliwa zarówno do silników o zapłonie iskrowym jak i samoczynnym. Wskazano niektóre sposoby rozwiązywania wyzwań dotyczących zwłaszcza trudnego procesu zapłonu i spalania amoniaku w komorach spalania silników. Zwrócono uwagę na zalety amoniaku i jego potencjał w zakresie ograniczenia ograniczenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych, równocześnie dokonując analizy przyczyn powstawania szkodliwych zanieczyszczeń podczas spalania amoniaku w silniku spalinowym.

EN

In recent years, the advantages of ammonia as a carbon-free fuel of the future have been increasingly recognized. This paper describes and compares the basic physicochemical properties of ammonia with analogous properties of other fuels. In particular, an analysis of the properties relevant to the use of ammonia as a fuel for internal combustion engines was carried out. Problems associated with the use of ammonia as a fuel for both spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines are discussed. Some of the ways of solving the challenges regarding, in particular, the difficult process of ignition and combustion of ammonia in engine combustion chambers are indicated. The advantages of ammonia and its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are highlighted, while analyzing the causes of harmful pollutants when ammonia is combusted in an internal combustion engine.

7

Reducing emissions of harmful substances in rally cars

Urbański Bartłomiej, Przybyla Grzegorz, Brodziński Łukasz, Savitskaya Maryia

Combustion Engines

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2024

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R. 63, nr 2

132--138

EN

This article describes the issue of reducing exhaust emissions in rally cars. The issue of currently used exhaust gas aftertreatment systems is described, as well as the potential possibility of reducing emissions of harmful substances while driving on special sections. Statistical calculations were also carried out regarding the emissions of harmful substances by rally cars during the entire season of the Polish Rally Championship.

8

Comparison and analysis of modern combustion powertrain systems of rail vehicles

Daszkiewicz Paweł, Kołodziejek Daniel

Combustion Engines

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2024

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R. 63, nr 1

46--53

EN

The article presents the currently used technologies and solutions for rail vehicle drive systems that can be used in the future. The most popular systems used in locomotives and multiple units are described. In addition, modern solutions such as bi-mode locomotives and hybrid vehicles are shown. The article also discusses the possibility of using ultracapacitors, batteries, or fuel cells in order to increase the efficiency of the powertrain of a rail vehicle. The selection of the appropriate solution depends on the intended use of the vehicle and the assumed traction characteristics and requires a thorough analysis including, among others, modeling of the drive system and its management.

9

Analysis of harmful compounds concentrations in the exhaust behind a vehicle with compression ignition engine

Kamińska Michalina, Szymlet Natalia, Fuć Paweł, Rymaniak Łukasz, Lijewski Piotr, Grzeszczyk Rafał

Combustion Engines

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2024

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R. 63, nr 2

50--55

EN

The article presents issues related to the assessment of concentrations of harmful substances in the exhaust gas cloud behind a compression-ignition passenger vehicle. The introduction describes issues related to the impact of air pollution on the environment and on human health and life expectancy. The article presents exhaust gas dispersion tests behind the vehicle were carried out both in stationary conditions (a specially prepared laboratory stand) and in real operating conditions. PEMS testing equipment was used for this type of measurements. During the measurements, concentrations of harmful exhaust gas compounds were analyzed in relation to the distance of the measuring probe from the exhaust system. In stationary conditions, the influence of the engine speed on the dispersion of pollutants was also studied. The tests carried out show that the concentrations obtained behind a moving vehicle significantly decrease with the distance of the measuring probe, and their dispersion is much smaller in most cases than in the case of stationary tests. This is the basis for recognizing that thanks to this, it is possible to analyze the concentrations obtained and conduct tests using the emission gate.

10

Niezawodność uszczelek PTFE w instalacjach biopaliwowych - badania i prognozy

Romanik Grzegorz, Struś Mieczysław, Jaszak Przemysław, Sierpowski Korneliusz

Instal

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2023

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nr 12

26--31

PL

Biopaliwa zaliczane są do grona odnawialnych źródeł energii. Produkcja biopaliw do celów wykorzystania w silnikach spalinowych może zapewnić ich rozwój technologiczny oraz mieć wpływ ekonomiczny na sektor OZE i przemysł rolniczy, jednak ich wykorzystanie nadal stanowi istotny problem w eksploatacji tych silników. W artykule zbadano interakcję wybranych biopaliw z uszczelkami. Badane biopaliwa wyprodukowano z surowców odpadowych przemysłu spożywczego - tłuszczów i olejów. W artykule przedstawiono wpływ biopaliw na uszczelki złączy kołnierzowych, podczas badań trwałościowych. Materiał uszczelek (PTFE) został przetestowany zgodnie z normami DIN 28090-3:2014-11 i DIN28091-2. W czasie 1000 godzin badań w temperaturze 353 K mierzono ubytek masy biopaliwa oraz zmianę wydłużenia (naprężenia rozciągającego) śrub kołnierzowych. Określono stopień wycieku paliwa. Po badaniach sprawdzono uszczelkę i nie stwierdzono rozwarstwień. Wartość emisji lotnych biopaliw oraz stopień wycieku paliwa po 1000 godzinach odpowiadały normom DIN. Stwierdzono, że badane materiały uszczelniające mogą mieć kontakt z mieszaniną benzyna - etanol oraz mieszaniną oleju napędowego i estrów metylowych i etylowych.

EN

The biofuels are concerned as one of the Renewable Sources of Energy. Production of biofuels for transportation purposes may provide additional technological development and economical impact on agricultural industry, but their usage is still a vital problem for vehicle exploitation. In this paper an interaction between chosen biofuels and gaskets was researched. Tested biofuels were produced using waste materials from food industry - fats and oils. Biofuels influence on pipes and especially gaskets and its materials during durability tests are shown in this paper. PTFE gasket materials were tested in accordance with DIN 28090-3: 2014-11 and DIN28091-2. During 1000 hours of tests at 353 K, the weight loss of the biofuel and the change in elongation (tensile stress) of the flange bolts were measured. Fuel leakage rate was determined. After tests the gasket was checked and no delamination was observed. The value of volatile biofuels emission and fuel leakage rate after 1000 hours met the DIN standards. It was concluded that researched gasket materials may be allowed for contact with gasoline - ethanol mixture and mixture of diesel and methyl and ethyl esters.

11

The material and economic assessment of the life cycle of city buses in the operational phase

Regulski Paweł

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 1

50--54

EN

The aim of the article is the material and economic assessment of the life cycle of city buses with combustion engines. As part of the analysis, the analyzed parameters were optimized using neural networks with the use of a regression model. As part of the life cycle assessment criteria, three types of Solaris Urbino buses were analyzed. As a result of the research carried out for buses, the results were obtained regarding the optimal duration of operation, the number and cost of oil, air and fuel filter changes, and the replacement period of buses. The presented research and analyzes have a significant impact on the processes of purchasing and operating city buses.

12

Synthetic automotive fuels

Stępień Zbigniew

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 1

78--90

EN

The article explains the differences between synthetic fuels of first and second generation. The potential of e-fuels to reduce GHG emissions was indicated. The application requirements that synthetic fuels need to meet in order to be used for powering internal combustion engines have been described. The possibility of using synthetic fuels as "drop-in" fuels, in blends with conventional petroleum-derived fuels as well as by themselves was discussed. E-fuels developed and optimized to power compression ignition and spark ignition engines were characterized. The possibilities of synthetic fuels to reduce emissions of regulated and unregulated exhaust components and to improve the work and operational parameters of the engine were also analyzed using the research carried out so far as basis. At the end of the article, forecasts for synthetic fuels development and applications were presented in the form of a SWOT analysis.

13

Research on the wear of novel sets of piston rings in a diesel locomotive engine

Kaźmierczak Andrzej R.

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

56--62

EN

The paper describes the results of the wear test of innovative sets of piston rings intended, among others, to drive diesel locomotives operated in North America, including the USA. The main subject of research is an innovative set of piston rings, the first sealing ring containing a synthetic diamond embedded in a porous chrome coating. The developed multilayer coating is designed to reduce the wear of the piston rings and the combustion engine cylinder. This technology has been implemented at Piston Rings Manufactory "Prima" S.A. in Łódź. The tests were carried out using a two-stroke diesel engine of the EMD 645 type. This engine is manufactured by General Motors Corporation in the United States. The described research was carried out in the United States in San Antonio, Texas, at the Southwest Research Institute. The EMD 645 engine is widely used in power units of heavy diesel locomotives and inland waterway barges in the United States of America, India, and South Africa.

14

Research of pollutant emissions from automotive internal combustion engines in conditions corresponding to the actual use of vehicles

Andrych-Zalewska Monika

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 2

64--70

EN

The subject of the article is the study of pollutant emissions from automotive combustion engines that operate in conditions corresponding to the actual use of vehicles. Includes information on the properties of exhaust gas parameters characterizing the following features: energy, economic, environmental impact and serviceability, additional and constant. Reference was also made to the possibility of determining driving tests on the basis of the similarity of the frequency characteristics of the speed processes in both driving tests and in the real use of vehicles. The article presents the results of research on pollutant emissions from a passenger car during the RDE test. The emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and carbon dioxide, as well as the number of particulate matter, were examined. The process of pollutant emission intensity and particle number intensity was presented. Tests were carried out on the statistical properties of the car speed, the intensity of pollutant emissions, and the intensity of the number of particulate matter. Correlation studies were carried out on the speed of the vehicle, the intensity of pollutant emissions, and the intensity of the number of particulate matter.

15

Outline of history and comparative analysis of internal combustion engines for flying models

Pełczyński Jakub

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 2

36--44

EN

The article discusses the most important facts from the history of the development of miniature aircraft engines and carries out their comparative analysis. Already in the 1930s, the structural system characteristic of model engines was established, which has hardly changed to this day. The following sections compare the various types of engines: two-stroke and four-stroke engines, spark-ignition engines, glow plug engines, engines with a push-pull cylinder arrangement, radial and in-line engines. The comparisons of the parameters and operational indicators of such engines presented in the tables allowed for the assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of individual engines, making several observations and drawing some more general conclusions.

16

Impact of water content in fuel for smoke opacity

Haller Piotr, Haller Agata, Kaźmierczak Andrzej, Matla Jędrzej, Sroka Zbigniew, Wróbel Radosław

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

123--127

EN

The development of internal combustion engines is focused at solving problems like: fulfilment with increasingly stringent requirements regarding exhaust emissions and elimination of threats to the natural environment. The subject of this thesis is to assess the impact of supplying a compression-ignition engine with hydrocarbon mixtures and to examine the impact of water on external parameters of the engine, such as smoke opacity. The main tests were carried out on a 4-cylinder VW 1.9 TDI internal combustion engine at a constant engine crankshaft speed of 3000 rpm and a variable load of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Nm. The tests were carried out using an innovative mixture of hydrated fusel oils, ethyl alcohol and ionic and/or non-ionic emulsifiers, from which was made of microemulsions with a water content in diesel oil of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. The tests carried out showed a beneficial effect of the water content in the diesel oil on the reduction of the average value of smoke opacity, which systematically decreases with the increase in the percentage of water in the diesel oil.

17

Evaluation of the antiwear properties of timely changed engine oils

Skonieczna Daria, Vrublevskyi Oleksandr, Szczyglak Piotr

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

116--122

EN

The article presents the results of tests, replaced according to the vehicle manufacturer's recommendations, of engine oils. The sample of engine oils in service came from spark-ignition and compression-ignition vehicles used in urban or mixed mode. During their collection, the type of drive unit, the mileage of the car and the number of kilometers the oil was used for were recorded for each sample (this was the main criterion for differentiating samples). In addition, a control group of samples consisting of fresh oils of the same viscosity grade and distributed by the same producer was set up to observe changes in the parameters of individual lubricants after the operating period. The first part of the empirical study consisted of determining the physico-chemical properties of the lubricants, i.e.: kinematic viscosity, density and water content. The second part involved anti-wear tests using a T-02U tribometer. The use of the tribometer made it possible to record the anti-wear parameter, i.e. moment of friction, and also the load imposed on the friction node, as a result of which it was possible to calculate the friction force and friction coefficient. The research was complemented by an analysis of worn surfaces of the friction node on a microscope. The tests carried out can be used for predictive purposes, in terms of assessing the condition of a lubricant subjected to an operating process in an internal combustion engine.

18

Diagnosing faults in the timing system of a passenger car spark ignition engine using the bayes classifier and entropy of vibration signals

Czech Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 116

83--98

EN

Today's systems for diagnosing the technical condition of machines, including vehicles, use very advanced methods of acquiring and processing input data. Presently, work is being conducted globally to solve related problems. At the moment, it is not yet possible to create a single procedure that would enable the construction of a properly functioning diagnostic system, regardless of the selected object to be diagnosed. Hence, there is a need to conduct further research into the possibility of using already developed methods, as well as their modification to other diagnostic cases. This article presents the results of research related to the use of the Bayes classifier for diagnosing the technical condition of passenger car engine components. Damage to the exhaust valve of a spark ignition engine was diagnosed. The source of information on the technical condition was vibration signals recorded at various measuring points and under different operating conditions of the car. To describe the nature of changes in the vibration signals, the entropy measures were determined for the decomposed signal using the discrete wavelet transform is proposed.

19

Silniki spalinowe w dobie elektromobilności

Mardeusz Ewa

Journal of TransLogistics

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2022

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Vol. 8, nr 1

129-138

PL

W artykule zostały omówione główne źródła napędu pojazdów osobowych stanowiących element transportu drogowego. Dokonano klasyfikacji silników spalinowych i elektrycznych ze względu na wybrane kryteria. Dokonano przeglądu regulacji prawnych skorelowanych z rozwojem elektromobilności. Na podstawie dostępnych danych w oparciu o model regresji liniowej oszacowano liczbę zarejestrowanych pojazdów elektrycznych i urządzeń wyposażonych w silniki spalinowe na okres listopad 2022 - styczeń 2023. Po przeprowadzonym przeglądzie literaturowym i analizie wyciągnięto wnioski.

EN

The article discusses the primary sources of propulsion of passenger vehicles that are part of road transport. The classification of internal combustion engines and electric motors due to selected criteria was made. Legal regulations correlated with the development of electromobility were reviewed. Based on available data and a linear regression model, the number of registered electric vehicles and devices equipped with internal combustion engines was estimated for November 2022-January 2023. After the literature review and analysis, conclusions were drawn.

20

A methodology for non-invasive diagnosis of diesel engines through characteristics of starter system performance

Ramírez Juan D., Romero Carlos A., Mejía Juan C., Quintero Héctor F.

Diagnostyka

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2022

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Vol. 23, No. 2

art. no. 2022202

EN

In this work, a methodology to diagnose ten diesel bus engines is carried out by means of some characteristics of the starting system performance. The signals of battery voltage, electric current supplied to the starter motor and crankshaft revolutions during cold and warm engine starting processes are analysed. Characteristics and patterns of the signals that are attributable to engine compression and combustion failures are pointed out, which are related to the kilometres travelled by each vehicle after the last engine repair and the shutdown time of the engine in warm condition. It is obtained that the rise of the current required by the starter motor during the second and third compression process, and the mean crankshaft angular acceleration after the second compression process are characteristics that are related to the engine condition.