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1

Analysis of the influence of texturing on noise and selected operational characteristics of concrete pavements

Mackiewicz Piotr, Szydło Antoni

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2026

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Vol. 25, no. 1

59--69

EN

The article presents an analysis of the influence of upper surface execution technology of concrete pavements on selected performance characteristics, namely: texture, longitudinal evenness, and noise level (measured using the OBSI method). Based on the authors’ own investigations conducted on selected motorway and expressway sections in Poland, various texturing techniques were analyzed, in particular the exposed aggregate technology and the Grinding and Grooving (G&G) method. It was found that the applied final surface technology, remedial treatments (metal shot blasting), and the machinery used significantly affect the values of selected parameters: MPD – Mean Profile Depth, IRI – International Roughness Index, and noise level measured by the OBSI method – On-Board Sound Intensity. Special attention was drawn to the fact that the application of metal shot blasting on pavements constructed using the exposed aggregate technology may deteriorate certain performance characteristics, such as noise levels, compared to the original values. Furthermore, it was observed that the service period has a measurable influence on the evolution of selected parameters over time.

PL

W artykule przeprowadzono analizę wpływu technologii wykonania górnej powierzchni nawierzchni betonowych na wybrane cechy eksploatacyjne: teksturę, równość podłużną, poziom dźwięku (metoda OBSI). Na podstawie badań własnych na wybranych odcinkach dróg autostradowych i ekspresowych w Polsce analizowano różne sposoby teksturowania, a w szczególności: technologię „odkrytego kruszywa” oraz „Grindingu (szlifowania nawierzchni) i Groovingu (nacinania rowków)”. Stwierdzono, że istnieje istotny wpływ zastosowanej docelowej technologii, metod naprawczych (śrutowanie) oraz użytych maszyn na wartości wybranych parametrów (wskaźnik MPD, wskaźnik IRI, poziom dźwięku – metoda OBSI). Zwrócono uwagę, że metoda śrutowania w nawierzchniach wykonanych w technologii "odkrytego kruszywa” powoduje pogorszenie niektórych cech eksploatacyjnych, np. hałasu względem wartości pierwotnych. Ponadto zaobserwowano także, że okres eksploatacji nawierzchni ma wymierny wpływ na zmianę analizowanych parametrów w czasie.

2

Test stand for simulating road surface wear

Wasilewska Marta, Grzyb Dominik

Materiały Budowlane

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2026

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nr 5

43--50

EN

This paper presents an assessment of the macrotexture, skid resistance, and luminance of asphalt concrete (AC) and Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) layers in laboratory conditions. A Plate Polisher II rig for testing the wear of upper road surfaces was used for this purpose. It enables the simulation of abrasion, polishing and car traffic phenomena that cause changes in texture during road use. The CTM profilometer, the DFT device, and the retroreflectometer LTL-XL were used to measure individual properties. The use of the Plate Polisher II allows you to arrange materials intended for the upper layers of road surfaces and select the optimal production technology in terms of macrotexture, skid resistance and luminance.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ocenę właściwości przeciwpoślizgowych, makrotekstury i jasności warstw z mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych: z betonu asfaltowego (AC Asphalt Concrete) i SMA w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Do tego celu wykorzystano stanowisko do badania zużycia powierzchni górnych warstw nawierzchni drogowych „Polerkę płytową II”. Umożliwia ono symulację zjawiska ścierania i polerowania oraz ruchu samochodowego, które powodują zmianę w teksturze w okresie użytkowania dróg. Do pomiarów poszczególnych właściwości wykorzystano profilometr CTM, urządzenie DFT i retroreflektometr LTL-XL. Zastosowanie „Polerki płytowej II” pozwala uszeregować materiały przeznaczone do górnych warstw nawierzchni drogowych i wybrać optymalną technologię wykonania w aspekcie makrotekstury, właściwości przeciwpoślizgowych i jasności.

3

Identyfikacja obszarów miejskich na zobrazowaniach SAR i w bazie danych Urban Atlas

Pluto-Kossakowska Joanna, Wangiyana Sandhi

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2025

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T. 23, z. 2(104)

49--64

EN

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data in the X and C bands for classifying built-up areas based on the Urban Atlas classification scheme. The research focused on the ability to distinguish between land cover classes of varying building density and land use, using both backscatter intensity and texture features derived from the Grey Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) method. Satellite imagery from Sentinel-1 and ICEYE was used for two urban agglomerations: Warsaw and London, with the Urban Atlas database serving as a reference layer after thematic aggregation into seven classes. The results indicate that SAR imagery enables effective identification of key land cover types, particularly dense urban fabric, vegetation, and water. The high spatial resolution of X-band imagery enhances the representation of urban structure, while texture images improve class separability in areas with similar scatter intensities. It has also been demonstrated that VV and VH polarizations differentiate classes with different urban density and function. The study confirms the potential of SAR data as a complementary source for updating reference databases and for automating the classification of urbanized zones.

PL

Celem niniejszego badania była ocena przydatności satelitarnych danych SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) w pasmach X i C do klasyfikacji terenów zabudowanych w oparciu o klasyfikację Urban Atlas. Skoncentrowano się na możliwości rozróżnienia klas o różnej gęstości zabudowy oraz funkcji terenu z wykorzystaniem zarówno intensywności wstecznego rozproszenia, jak i cech teksturowych generowanych metodą GLCM. Do analiz wykorzystano zobrazowania satelitarne Sentinel-1 i ICEYE dla dwóch aglomeracji miejskich: Warszawy i Londynu, a referencyjną warstwą tematyczną była baza Urban Atlas po tematycznej agregacji do siedmiu klas. Wyniki wskazują, że obrazy SAR pozwalają na identyfikację głównych klas pokrycia terenu, w szczególności gęstej zabudowy miejskiej, roślinności i wody. Wysoka rozdzielczość obrazów w paśmie X umożliwia lepsze odwzorowanie struktury urbanistycznej, natomiast obrazy teksturowe zwiększają zdolność różnicowania klas o zbliżonej intensywności odbicia. Wykazano także, że polaryzacje VV i VH różnicują klasy o odmiennym układzie (gęstości) i funkcji urbanistycznej. Badanie potwierdza potencjał wykorzystania danych SAR jako źródła wspomagającego aktualizację baz danych referencyjnych oraz do automatycznej klasyfikacji obszarów zurbanizowanych.

4

Metody teksturowania powierzchni dróg o nawierzchni z betonu cementowego

Szydło Antoni, Mackiewicz Piotr

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2025

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R. 80, nr 12

9--13

PL

Artykuł zawiera przegląd metod wykańczania powierzchni nawierzchni betonowych. Zaprezentowano różne metody stoso wane od pierwszych wprowadzanych technologii realizacji nawierzchni sztywnych z betonu cementowego. Stwierdzono, że różna metoda wykończenia powierzchni istotnie wpływa na cechy eksploatacyjne, a przede wszystkim na emisje hałasu. Aktualnie wskazuje się na stosowanie sprawdzonych i optymalnych metod: grinding, grooving oraz „odkryte kruszywo”.

EN

This article provides an overview of concrete pavement surface finishing methods. Various methods used since the first introduction of rigid cement concrete pavement technologies are presented. It is concluded that different surface finishing methods significantly impact operational characteristics, particularly noise emissions. Currently, proven and optimal methods are recommended: grinding, grooving, and "exposed aggregates."

5

The influence of vacuum impregnation of apples by green tea with honey and elderflower juice on drying effects and selected quality factors of apple chips

Pasławska Marta, Słupska Monika

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 70, nr 2

58--65

EN

Vacuum impregnation (VI) was applied to Jonagold apple slices using green tea infusion with honey (L1) and green tea with honey and elderflower juice (L2). Samples were dried by convective (CD), microwave–vacuum (MVD) and freeze drying (FD), followed by determinations of dry matter, water activity, colour parameters (L*, a*, b*), tensile properties and drying kinetics. VI slightly increased dry matter and reduced water activity in fresh slices; all dried variants reached low moisture content (9.65–13.31%) and low water activity (0.19-0.35), ensuring shelf stability. VI-modified apple chips showed higher redness and favorable colour characteristics than no pretreated. Tensile tests revealed that drying method strongly affected mechanical response at rupture: CD samples were stiff and strong but brittle, FD samples exhibited low strength and energy absorption, whereas MVD samples combined moderate stiffness with markedly higher deformation capacity and rupture work density, indicating enhanced mechanical resilience. In conclusion, VI with green tea, honey and elderflower is a promising pretreatment method to obtain stable, attractive apple chips.

6

Microstructural Characterization of 3D Printed NiMnGaCoCu Based Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

Wójcik Anna, Chulist Robert, Szewczyk Arkadiusz, Morończyk Bartosz, Żrodowski Łukasz, Wróblewski Rafał, Kowalczyk Maciej, Maziarz Wojciech

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2025

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Vol. 70, iss. 2

715--720

EN

The main aim of this research was to produce, by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, good quality material with non-modulated martensite structure exhibiting high magnetic field-induced strain value. The microstructure and texture of NiMnGaCoCu alloy were investigated by SEM, TEM, and high-energy X-ray diffraction. It was shown that LPBF process combined with the post-processing annealing allowed to obtain a homogeneous microstructure with a strong <100> fiber texture along the growth direction. It was also shown that the scanning strategy does not greatly affect the microstructure and crystal structure of the material while the only difference lies in the existence of a double texture component for alloy produced by oscillating mode. Finally, the magnetic field-induced strain value calculated for the alloy with non-modulated martensite produced by the 3D printing was about 0.2%.

7

Evolution of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture in Severely Deformed FeCoNiAlTi Multicomponent Alloy

Czerny Monika, Szewczyk Arkadiusz, Petrzak Paweł, Skiba Jacek, Schell Norbert, Chulist Robert

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2025

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Vol. 70, iss. 2

937--942

EN

The evolution of microstructure, texture, phase composition, and dislocation density distribution in Fe-based shape memory alloys processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature was investigated using synchrotron radiation and electron backscatter diffraction. The initial material was a hydrostatically extruded sample that underwent additional heat treatment. Before HPT deformation, the disks were heat treated at 1200°C for 5 mins. to relieve the stresses. The starting Fe-based material was characterized by a strong fibre <111> texture and coarse columnar grains with an average size of approximately 200 μm. The HPT process alters the initial <111> strong fibre texture to a typical shear texture with dominating B, B, A1* and A2* components. As deformation proceeds marginal precipitation of β phase occurs. The precipitation process seems to be related to the shear magnitude, as the volume fraction of β phase increased linearly with shear. Furthermore, the precipitates produced by HPT form a typical texture for bcc metals with F and J1 components.

8

Impacts of magnitude and texture of variable sediment supply on bedload transport

Zhou Qihang, Wang Lu, Li Qiang, Ma Xudong, Nie Ruihua

Acta Geophysica

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2025

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Vol. 73, no. 1

593--602

EN

Sediment supply governs the bedload transport and bed morphology in rivers. Up to the present, the impacts of magnitude and texture of variable sediment supply (e.g., induced by flash flood from tributaries) on bedload transport are unknown, limiting the capacity of flood control and river management significantly. The present study conducted flume experiments to investigate the responses of bedload transport to variable sediment supply regimes with different peak supply rates and grain size distributions. The experimental results indicate that: the bedload rate and mass increase with increasing the peak rate of the variable sediment supply, and decrease with an increase in the proportion of coarse particles; the particles coarser than the median grain size of the supplied sediment D50 are primarily stored in the bed, while those finer than D50 are mainly transported downstream; during the variable sediment supply process, the critical Shields stress of sediment has a similar development trend to that of the bedload rate but with a slight ahead of time.

9

Rola i znaczenie dźwięku w ocenie jakości żywności

Marzec Agata

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2024

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T. 78, nr 2

36--41

PL

Cechy tekstury takie jak: kruchość/ chrupkość można kontrolować metodami instrumentalnymi, w tym metodami akustycznymi polegającymi na pomiarze dźwięku wytwarzanego podczas deformacji produktów spożywczych. Dźwięk jest rodzajem sygnału fizycznego, falą sprężystą (akustyczną), wywołującą określone wrażenie słuchowe i może być zarejestrowany za pomocą mikrofonu lub sensora drgań.

EN

Texture features such as crispness/ crunchiness can be controlled using instrumental methods, including acoustic methods that involve measuring the sound produced during deformation of food products. Sound is a type of physical signal, an elastic (acoustic) wave, causing a specific auditory impression and can be registered using a microphone or a vibration sensor.

10

Wpływ procesu ozonowania na parametry tekstury, aktywność antyoksydacyjną i właściwości organoleptyczne dżemów z owoców borówki wysokiej i jabłek

Józefczyk Radosław, Szajna Anna, Balawejder Maciej

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2024

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T. 28, nr 1

113--124

PL

Owoce borówki wysokiej i jabłka poddano działaniu mieszaniny powietrza z ozonem. Ozon generowany był poprzez wyładowania koronowe w stężeniu 1, 10 i 100 ppm przez 5 minut w przypadku jabłek, stanowiących wsad i 30 min w przypadku borówki amerykańskiej będącej głównym surowcem do wykonania dżemów. Wykonane dżemy zostały poddane ocenie organoleptycznej na podstawie wybranych cech sensorycznych jak: barwa, zapach, smak, konsystencja, smarowność, faktura. Ocenie została poddana również tekstura dżemu, przy użyciu maszyny wytrzymałościowej, za pomocą testu TPA, podającego następujące parametry: twardość, siła niszcząca, praca ściskania, adhezyjność, sprężystość, gumistość. Wykonano również analizy biochemiczne, wyznaczając aktywność antyoksydacyjną wobec DPPH oraz zawartość polifenoli z użyciem metody Folina-Ciocialteu. Porównanie dżemów przygotowanych z owoców borówki i jabłek poddanych procesowi ozonowania atmosferą ozonową o stężeniach 1 ppm w czasie 5 minut dla jabłek oraz 10 i 100 ppm dla owoców borówki w czasie 30 minut, wykazało, że: 1) uprzednie ozonowanie nie ma istotnego wpływu na cechy sensoryczne wykonanych z nich dżemów, z wyjątkiem użycia najwyższej dawki ozonu (100 ppm), 2) wpływa w sposób istotny, ale co do kierunku niejednoznaczny i zależny od mierzonego parametru na teksturę wyznaczoną z użyciem standardowego testu TPA (twardość, siła niszcząca, praca ściskania, adhezyjność, sprężystość, gumistość), ze wskazaniem na podniesienie twardości i wielkości pochodnych. 3) wpływa w sposób istotny na aktywność antyoksydacyjną dżemów borówkowych oraz zawartość polifenoli dżemów jabłkowych. 4) ponadto, oceniane parametry sensoryczne i tekstury oraz aktywność antyoksydacyjna i zawartość polifenoli w gotowych dżemach, w istotny sposób zależą od rodzaju użytego owocu.

EN

The comparison of jams prepared from blueberry fruit and apples subjected to the ozonation process with the ozone atmosphere concentrated from 1 ppm during 5 minutes for apples as well as from 10 and 100 ppm for blueberry fruits during 30 minutes showed the below observations: 1) Prior ozonation of highbush blueberries and apples has no significant effect on the sensory properties of the prepared jams except when using the highest dose of ozone (100 ppm). 2) Prior ozonation of blueberry and apple fruits has a significant, but ambiguous and dependent on the measured parameter, effect on the texture determined using the standard TPA test (hardness, destructive force, compressive work, adhesiveness, elasticity, gumminess), with the indication to increase the hardness and size of derivatives. 3) Prior ozonation of blueberry fruit and apples significantly contributes to the antioxidant activity of blueberry jams and the content of polyphenols in apple jams. 4) The assessed sensory parameters and textures as well as antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in ready-made jams greatly depend on the sort of fruit used. Blueberry and apple fruits were treated with mixed air and ozone at the same. Ozone was generated by corona discharges at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ppm for 5 minutes on apples constituting as a major batch and 30 minutes on blueberries as the main input material. The jams were subjected to organoleptic evaluation on the basis of selected sensory characteristics such as: colour, aroma, taste, consistency, spreadability, texture. The texture of the jam was assessed with the following parameters: hardness, destructive force, compressive work, adhesiveness, elasticity, gumminess. Moreover, there were also conducted biochemical analyzes of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (as the equivalent of Trolox per 100 g of fruit) and the amount of polyphenols using the Folin- Ciocialteu method as the equivalent of gallic acid (mg of GAE per 100 g of fruit).

11

Verification of the road construction quality of concrete pavement in terms of skid resistance assessing

Wasilewska Marta, Gierasimiuk Paweł, Zadrożny Krzysztof

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 11

86--96

EN

The paper presents a comparison of friction coefficient results obtained with two SRT-3 devices on a concrete surface before the consent for its use. Measurements were taken in four locations on the S7 expressway. The surface was made using exposed aggregate textured concrete technology. Results were recorded after shotblasting and hydroblasting of the pavement. Significant differences were shown between the reliable friction coefficients (above 0.05) obtained with two devices on the same sections on the same day or in short time intervals. As a consequence, the condition of the road surface cannot be clearly verified. Therefore, the source of variability should be determined and tools that would prevent obtaining divergent results should be implemented in the quality control system. Otherwise, the results do not guarantee a reliable assessment of the surface in terms of preventing its slipperiness and thus user safety.

PL

W artykule porównano wyniki współczynnika tarcia na nawierzchni betonowej przed oddaniem jej do użytkowania i w jego okresie otrzymane dwoma urządzeniami SRT-3. Pomiary te prowadzono w czterech lokalizacjach drogi ekspresowej S7. Nawierzchnię wykonano w technologii betonowej teksturowanej metodą odkrytego kruszywa. Na dwóch odcinkach, spośród czterech, ocenę właściwości przeciwpoślizgowych prowadzono po zabiegach śrutowania i hydroblastingu. Wykazano istotne różnice pomiędzy miarodajnymi współczynnikami tarcia (powyżej 0,05) otrzymanymi dwoma urządzeniami na tych samach odcinkach, w tym samym dniu lub w krótkich odstępach czasu. W konsekwencji nie było możliwe jednoznaczne zweryfikowanie stanu nawierzchni pod kątem oceny właściwości przeciwpoślizgowych. Należałoby określić źródło zmienności i wdrożyć do kontroli systemu jakości takie narzędzia, które zapobiegałyby otrzymaniu rozbieżnych wyników. W przeciwnym wypadku wyniki nie gwarantują rzetelnej oceny nawierzchni w aspekcie zapobiegania jej śliskości, a tym samym bezpieczeństwa użytkowników.

12

Application of geometric parameters in texture analysis of traditional stone walls

Gorączko Aleksandra, Gorączko Marcin

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 11

157--162

EN

The article presents the methodological basis of the proposed typology of façade textures for traditional rural and small-town buildings constructed of natural stone. Such structures can still be found in Poland, mainly in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Lublin, Kielce, and Silesian regions, as well as further north, in the central part of the country. Increasingly, these types of buildings, due to their historical and architectural significance, are being protected by conservation efforts, revitalized, or designated as regional standards for contemporary construction projects. The premise for the undertaken research is the authors' belief that classical classifications of stone walls are too general to reflect their actual typological and regional diversity. The proposed methodology is based on determining geometric parameters, including the size and proportions of stone elements, their distribution in the wall, and the surface ratio of stone to mortar. The research was conducted on walls built of natural stone from the Uniejów area (central Poland). It involved the analysis of four selected textures roughly corresponding to wall types: wild, layered, regular and mosaic.

PL

W artykule zawarto metodyczne podstawy projektowanej typologii tekstur elewacyjnych w tradycyjnych budynkach wiejskich i małomiasteczkowych murowanych z naturalnego kamienia. Obiekty takie występują w Polsce na wyżynach Krakowsko- zęstochowskiej, Lubelskiej, Kieleckiej i Śląskiej, ale też bardziej na północ od nich, w środkowej części kraju. Coraz częściej tego typu budynki, ze względu na znaczenie historyczne i architektoniczne, są obejmowane ochroną konserwatorską, podlegają rewitalizacji lub są wskazywane jako regionalny wzorzec dla współczesnych realizacji budowlanych. Przesłanką do podjęcia badań była zbyt ogólna, naszym zdaniem, postać klasycznych klasyfikacji murów kamiennych, aby mogły one odzwierciedlać faktyczne ich zróżnicowanie typologiczne i regionalne. Proponowana metoda polega na wyznaczaniu wskaźników geometrycznych, obejmujących wielkość i proporcje elementów kamiennych, ich rozmieszczenie w murze oraz powierzchniowy udział kamienia i zaprawy. Badania przeprowadzono na przykładzie murów wznoszonych z naturalnego kamienia pochodzącego z okolic Uniejowa (centralna Polska). Polegały one na analizie czterech wybranych tekstur w przybliżeniu odpowiadających typom muru dzikiego, warstwowego, rzędowego i mozaikowego.

13

Zmiana współczynnika tarcia eksploatowanych nawierzchni drogowych

Łazarowicz Maksymilian, Grzyb Michał

Magazyn Autostrady

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2024

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Nr 6

60--64

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki programu badawczego obejmującego zjawisko degradacji współczynnika tarcia nawierzchni w pierwszych latach eksploatacji w odniesieniu do zmian jej makrotekstury oraz wielkości natężenia ruchu.

EN

This paper presents the results of a research programme covering the degradation of the coefficient of friction of road surfaces during the first years of their service in relation to changes in their texture and the magnitude of traffic loads.

14

Abiotic Habitat Conditions in Coal Mines Heap Novel Ecosystems Concerning the Biomass Amount of Spontaneous Vegetation

Ryś Karolina, Chmura Damian, Dyczko Artur, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

79--100

EN

Biomass, primarily derived from photosynthesizing plants harnessing solar energy, is crucial for ecosystem functioning and diverse services. This study delved into the unique ecosystem of coal mine heaps, exploring unexpected relations between abiotic factors and biomass in spontaneous vegetation. Biomass quantity and quality are influenced by such factors as plant photosynthesis efficiency, necessitating an understanding of dynamics on post-mining sites. The conducted investigation focused on diverse spontaneous vegetation on coal mine heaps, analyzing abiotic conditions such as soil texture, water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, carbon, magnesium, sodium, and acidity. Contrary to the adopted hypothesis, nitrogen content negatively correlates with soil total nitrogen, carbon, and water holding capacity. However, the biomass of dominant plant species positively correlates with available phosphorus, pH, calcium, and sodium. These unexpected relationships highlight biomass dynamics complexity in novel ecosystems on coal mine heaps, stressing the need to consider spontaneous vegetation biomass as a valuable resource and ecosystem service in urban-industry landscapes. The obtained findings expand scientific inquiry and have practical implications for post-industrial area reclamation. Understanding biomass potential in identified vegetation types provides insights into biomass character on coal mine heaps, crucial for maximizing spontaneous vegetation potential and transforming post-industrial landscape reclamation approaches.

15

Enhanced Mechanical Properties Via the Incorporation of Ti in Cu Alloys

Yu Huihui, Hu Qiang, Huang Yapan, Zeng Yanqi, Jia Jingxuan, Hu Qiang, Hong Rui, Zhang Youliang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 4

1345--1352

EN

The influence of Ti addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu-14Fe alloy is studied. Great emphasis has been laid on the second phase, texture and mechanical properties. No new phase other than α-Fe phase could be found in Cu-14Fe-0.1Ti alloy using XRD and SEM. With 0.1Ti addition, the distribution of α-Fe phase strip is slightly heterogeneous. Cube, s and brass texture components are largely strengthened in Cu matrix with Ti addition, while copper and goss texture components are rare in Cu matrix of both alloys. In α-Fe phases, α fiber and goss texture components are highly strengthened with Ti addition. It is found that enhanced mechanical properties are achieved in Cu-14Fe-0.1Ti alloy. In detail, with Ti addition, the yield strength and ultimate tension strength increase from 538 and 561 MPa to 580 and 583 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a high value of elongation to failure (6.5%). A lower equivalent grain size and a higher KAM value mainly contributes to the higher yield strengthening effect in Cu-14Fe-0.1Ti alloy. The lower equivalent grain size is derived from the small size distribution range and the small size of Cu matrix in Cu-14Fe-0.1Ti alloy. The dissolution of Ti and formation of nano second phases also improve mechanical properties. However, texture hardly plays a role in the strengthening effect. 0.1Ti addition hardly reduces the electrical conductivity of Cu-14Fe alloy, maintaining a value of 33.43% IACS. The results in this work could provide guidance in texture evolution and property evaluation in Cu-Fe alloys.

16

Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing and Solution Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Lee Dohoon, So Tae-Yeong, Yu Ha-Young, Kim Gyunsub, Moon Eushin, Ko Se-Hyun

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 1

135--139

EN

A powder-bed-based additive manufacturing process called electron beam melting (EBM) is defined by high temperature gradients during solidification, which produces an extremely fine microstructure compared to the traditional cast material. However, porosity and segregation defects are still present on a smaller scale which may lead to a reduction in mechanical properties. It is important to have a better knowledge of the influence of post-fabrication treatments on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics before the use of additive manufacturing parts in specific applications. In this study, the effects of solution heat treatment (SHT) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by the EBM process have been investigated. The SHT and HIP treatments can significantly improve the ductility of EBM Ti-6Al-4V due to the coarsening of α laths and the formation of β grains.

17

Effect of HIP Treatment on the Evolution of Texture and Microstructure of LBPF Fabricated Pure Ni

Chadha Kanwal, Tian Yuan, Spray John G., Aranas Jr. Clodualdo

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 2

783--786

EN

Microstructure and texture analysis were conducted employing electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique on laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated pure Ni. The texture analysis of the hot isostatic pressed (HIP) and as-printed (AP) samples were done utilizing orientation distribution function (ODF) maps. The AP sample comprises mostly of <110>||BD fiber texture with insignificant presence of twins. In contrast, the HIP sample has <111>||BD grains. It was found that the development of the texture <111>||BD was due to the deformation linked to the HIP process. In addition, HIP generated a substantial fraction of Σ3 coincident site lattice boundaries (CSL) because of pure Ni which is a medium stacking fault energy (SFE) element.

18

Changes in Microstructure and Texture of a Multi-Stack Accumulative Roll Bonding Processed Complex Aluminum Alloy with Annealing

Jo Sang-Hyeon, Lee Seong-Hee

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 1

103--107

EN

Changes in the microstructure and texture with annealing temperature of a nanostructured complex aluminum alloy fabricated by multi-stack Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) process using various Al alloys are investigated in detail. The ARB process is performed up to 4 cycles without lubrication at room temperature. The specimen fabricated by the ARB is a multi-layer aluminum alloy sheet in which the AA1050, AA5052 and AA6061 Al alloys are alternately stacked to each other. The average grain size of the starting material is 140 μm, but after 4 cycles of the ARB process, this is reduced to 150 nm. The complex Al alloy still shows an ultrafine grained microstructure at annealing temperatures up to 250°C, but after annealing at 300°C, it exhibits a heterogeneous structure containing both the ultrafine grains and the coarse grains due to the occurrence of discontinuous recrystallization. The specimens annealed at temperatures above 300 °C also show a heterogeneous microstructure even if the heterogeneities of grain size differ from each other. The texture develops abnormally at higher annealing temperatures; the deformation textures are developed as [112]//ND and [111]//ND components, even in the recrystallized specimens. As the annealing temperature increases, the number fraction of the high-angle grain boundaries gradually decreases. The changes in microstructure and texture of the specimens with increase of the annealing temperature are compared to those of the specimens processed by 2-cycle of the ARB.

19

Effect of total iron and silicon contents and homogenization on the microstructure and performance of 6201 Al–Mg–Si ingots

Deng Yongsen, Shen Fanghua, Luo Jiaen, Zhao Xinhao, Chen Huabiao, Sun Zhenzhong, Zhou Zirong, Zhang Yuxun, Yi Danqing, Xiong Tengfang, Zhang Yourui

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, no. 3

art. no. e156, 2024

EN

In this study, 6201 Al–Mg–Si cast ingots were investigated to determine the influence of total iron and silicon contents and homogenization on their microstructure and performance, including electrical and creep resistance. The tests included scanning electron microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that an increase in the total Fe and Si contents refined the microstructure, increased the weight of the ∑3 twin boundaries, and decreased the texture index FCGB in the initial Al–Mg–Si cast ingots. With increasing homogenization treatment time, the electrical conductivity (EC) in all three groups of homogenized ingots first decreased significantly (within 4 h) and then remained relatively stable. The increase in the total Fe and Si contents resulted in a decrease in the EC and an increase in the hardness of the as-homogenized cast ingot samples. The improvement in the EC of the initial and as-homogenized cast ingots was due to the high content of low-angle grain boundaries and strong Cube texture. The room-temperature creep resistance of the as-homogenized cast ingots was improved by high Fe and Si contents. The texture index FCGB and orientation streamline approach were determined to be powerful indicators for distinguishing and describing texture evolution during the homogenization of cast ingots with various chemical compositions.

20

Wpływ więźby skały na mechanizm deformacji : studium przypadku wstęg deformacyjnych w piaskowcach otryckich (Bieszczady)

Strzelecki Piotr Jan, Świerczewska Anna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

231--234

EN

Compaction is one of the fundamental modes of strain localization. Pure compaction bands are deformation structures that develop in granular rocks. The Otryt sandstone, a flysch sandstone, hosts naturally formed pure compaction bands that originated due to tectonic shortening. The pure compaction bands formed when the host rock was poorly indurated. The deformation bands are of the disaggregation or cataclastic type, with cataclasis occurring more frequently in coarser-grained sandstones. Additionally, in laminated fine-grained sandstones, disaggregation takes the form of micro-folding. Textural features of the host rock appear to control the microstructural type of pure compaction band.