With the dynamic socio-economic development of cities, actions of key importance have become necessary to ensure the required accessibility of urban transport. This goal can be achieved by expanding and modernizing the transport infrastructure and expanding the public transport network. It is transport that ensures the flow of goods and the movement of people in cities and beyond their borders. This state of affairs results in an increased importance of appropriate infrastructure, where construction investments have a fundamental role, and the method of their implementation affects a number of areas that significantly determine transport accessibility. This article aims to assess the impact of construction projects involving civil engineering facilities on transport accessibility based on the example of the city of Szczecin. The research process is based on unstructured observation and expert interviews, which allow for the development of a structured survey questionnaire. The authors manage to identify the elements of transport accessibility that are most negatively affected by construction projects. The collected data may constitute a basis for developing recommendations for local authorities and construction companies to reduce the diagnosed negative impact in the studied area.
Social housing in Algeria is carried out with state budget funds in order to eliminate social inequalities and guarantee a decent life to the citizen. However, delays have been observed in the realization. This study aims to examine the main causes and develop guidelines to effectively mitigate delays. Through an in-depth analysis of the literature and formal interviews on the topic of potential risks with construction experts, a list of 67 delay factors was identified. Data was collected through an online questionnaire via Google Forms and semi-structured interviews of a sample professionals established in Algeria. A total of 59 valid responses were analyzed and classified by SPSS software. The results indicate that the 5 most critical causes are: "Delay in payment", "Slow change orders in extra works", "Ineffective planning and scheduling", "Slow change orders in extra quantities", and "Difficulties in financing the project by contractor". Though, the correct implementation of the measures suggested by this study allows government authorities and professionals to deal with the 10 most critical causes that have favored the occurrence of delays in order to successfully implement similar construction projects.
Many research efforts have identified funding as a critical factor responsible for the delays in the execution of construction projects. These funding challenges affect the client and contractors alike. However, there is limited information on why delays occur in sponsored projects with evidently adequate funding. Therefore, the study focuses on exploring the factors that impact the cash flow during the execution of sponsored construction projects. The multiple-site case-study method of qualitative research was adopted, involving five universities benefiting from the infrastructure funding provided by a government agency in Nigeria. The Delphi technique was used for data collection and analysis, complemented with interviews. The findings identified six factors causing the delays. They were divided into internal and external factors. The internal factors are faulty contractor selection processes resulting in delays by contractors and the failure to complete appropriate phases of a project. The external factors include the delays in the project management system of the funding agency in terms of inspection, monitoring, evaluation and progress certification. The research identified that the combined effect of internal and external factors negatively impacts the project cash flow, which in turn influences project delivery delays. Therefore, this study recommends improvements in the in-house contractor selection processes and the decentralisation of the project inspection, monitoring and evaluation operations of the funding agency. This will facilitate timely inspection, audit, and progress certification, enabling the early release of the second tranche of the project fund. This will ameliorate the negative effects arising due to low cash flow and associated delays in project delivery.
Communication in the construction sector is complex, especially in the design phase, that if not properly handled, can reduce productivity. This topic is best studied in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) due to diverse religion, ethnicity and nationalities. The research in this area is considerably increased due to the rapid construction growth during the last two decades. In this context, this research investigates the importance of communication in the construction sector, especially in the design phase. It also investigates project managers’ crucial role in utilizing communication referred to methods among their team members. A questionnaire survey was conducted where 146 respondents were collected and analysed using several statistical methods. Results revealed the importance of communication during the design stage. The most important channels of communication are those among the design team from different disciplines, then successively, consultant (site team) and contractor. The importance of best practices, such as hiring a coordinator between all design departments to reduce conflict and enhance communication, has been emphasized, and holding meetings is mostly the optimum method of communication.
PL
Komunikacja w sektorze budowlanym jest złożona, zwłaszcza w fazie projektowania, która, jeśli nie jest odpowiednio obsługiwana, może obniżyć produktywność. Ten temat najlepiej studiować w Zjednoczonych Emiratach Arabskich (ZEA) ze względu na zróżnicowaną religię, pochodzenie etniczne i narodowości. Badania w tym zakresie ulegają znacznemu nasileniu ze względu na szybki rozwój budownictwa w ostatnich dwóch dekadach. W tym kontekście badanie to bada znaczenie komunikacji w sektorze budowlanym, zwłaszcza na etapie projektowania. Bada również kluczową rolę kierowników projektów w wykorzystywaniu metod komunikacji między członkami zespołu. Przeprowadzono ankietę, w ramach której zebrano i przeanalizowano 146 respondentów za pomocą kilku metod statystycznych. Wyniki ujawniły znaczenie komunikacji na etapie projektowania. Najważniejszymi kanałami komunikacji są te pomiędzy zespołem projektowym z różnych dziedzin, a następnie kolejno konsultant (zespół roboczy) i wykonawca. Podkreślono znaczenie najlepszych praktyk, takich jak zatrudnienie koordynatora między wszystkimi działami projektowymi w celu ograniczenia konfliktów i usprawnienia komunikacji, a organizowanie spotkań jest przeważnie optymalną metodą komunikacji.
The construction phase of oil and gas projects (OGPs) is a risky process and project managers face numerous challenges during this particular period. A proper risk analysis and management during the construction phase of the OGPs not only will affect the timely and successful operation of the project as a whole, it can also affect occurrence of risks in subsequent phases and overall economic viability of the project. As a result, via using extensive literature review, this study tries to answer the question of what are main risks involved in construction phase of OGPs and which methods are used for identifying them? The outcome of this research would likely be a valuable source for construction professionals to improve project performance while managing existing risks. It is also useful to avoid common problems that befall many project managers and will assist them to have a better understanding of risk management as part of a project plan.
Construction objects arise during the implementation of construction projects. Participants in these projects are interested in taking systematic actions to improve the state of occupational safety and health protection. The effectiveness of these activities requires that they be carried out as part of a comprehensive system of managing the construction project implementation process. The safety management and health protection system is part of the overall project management system, which includes: organizational structure, planning, responsibility, rules of conduct, procedures, processes and resources and requires analysis of safety and health protection issues in its individual areas, phases and stages. This is primarily due to the fact that proper management is the most effective way to ensure an adequate level of safety and health protection (S&HP), desirable both due to the need to comply with legal provisions in force in construction, social expectations, and the possibility of obtaining positive economic effects by individual process participants in the scale of the entire construction project. The article proposes a theoretical model of the built undertaking that can be used to recognize the state of bioses. The model distinguishes parts, activities and areas in accordance with the logical course of the process, which was assigned to individual stages of the project. A research tool - RADAR S&HP - was developed to identify the factors affecting S&HP. To assess the condition of bioses, an analytical and mathematical model of the examined undertaking was formulated to ultimately determine the directions of preventive actions in the field of safety and health protection at individual stages, phases and areas of the construction project implementation process.
The creations of construction projects firstly try to achieve several specific goals. Effective projects are believed when these goals achieved. The principal concerns are to cross the downsides and defects. The stage of the performance project may be the most significant, crucial and drains of the resources through the project life cycle, its dependence on monitoring by professional in order to exceeded things blocking the path and accomplish the project plan exactly. The targets of the study are to diagnosis the actual reasons and locating the relation of mismanagement of the project execution stage and measure their influence on the cost. The study achieved and diagnoses many problems that have a negative impact on the projects management implementation as well as the effects of the cost by using many ways to reaching the target. There are 22 problems it is the main reasons that deviation the cost plus they obtain agreement level number according to Likert scale quintet.
For a decade or so, environmental impact assessments have been a tool used in investment process in order to evaluate the impact of a planning document or a given construction project on the environment. The legal regulation in force approaches determining the elements making up each assessment selectively. There is also a lack of methodological guidelines pertaining to the rules of assessment making (such guidelines were prepared in reference of e.g. motorways and dual carriage ways or wind power plants). It hinders understanding the aims and the range of environmental impact assessments by society and investors as well as obtaining acceptance for making them by the latter. The article presents the issue of the principal environmental assessments (strategic environmental impact assessment, environmental impact assessment and impact assessment on Natura 2000 sites) in the legal and methodological context. The conducted studies showed that unstable legal system in the field of environmental assessments endangers correctness and punctuality of preparation of an building investment.
W artykule poddano analizie opracowany wcześniej model sterowania relacjami partnerskimi w przedsięwzięciach budowlanych. Model ten oparty jest na wnioskowaniu rozmytym Mamdaniego. Jego zmienne wejściowe stanowią: bieżące oceny poszczególnych parametrów relacji partnerskich, wagi wpływu tych parametrów na czas, koszt, jakość i bezpieczeństwo realizacji przedsięwzięć budowlanych oraz ważność tych kryteriów oceny przedsięwzięcia dla zarządzającego nim. Na ich podstawie określane jest zalecenie do sterowania w odniesieniu do każdego parametru relacji partnerskich. W artykule zbadano wpływ doboru rodzaju funkcji przynależności zmiennych modelu na otrzymywane wyniki. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że wpływ ten jest nieznaczny.
EN
The article analyzes the previously developed model controlling partnering relations in construction projects. This model is based on Mamdani fuzzy inference. Its input variables include: current assessments of particular partnering relation parameters, the weights of these parameters' impact on time, cost, quality and safety of implementation of construction projects, as well as importance of these project assessment criteria for its manager. On the basis of the recommendation is determined to control, for each partnering relation parameter. In the article the influence of the type of membership functions for model variables on the obtained results has been investigated. The analysis has shown that the impact is insignificant.
Construction projects are more often than not plagued by poor performances such as delays, cost overrun, low productivity, construction wastes and compromised quality. Amongst the critical contributory factors of poor project performances, is the ineffectiveness of materials management occurring in the construction sites. Indeed, materials management is a very important component for construction projects. However, there are only limited numbers of research available regarding this topic. Thus, this research focuses its study on materials management, specifically in identifying the influential factors that affect materials management in the construction project activities. Literatures from books, journal articles and conference papers related to poor project performances and materials management have been reviewed. Consequently, this study sorted the salient influential factors and categorized them based on their specific group. Out of 47 factors identified, they are classified into 8 groups. They are (1) site condition; (2) planning and handling on site; (3) management; (4) materials; (5) supplier and manufacturer default; (6) transportation; (7) contractual; and (8) governmental interferences. In conclusion, this study contends that by identifying the influential factors affecting materials management, it will help construction players to avoid the occurrence of those factors and will minimize the negative impacts on the overall performance of construction projects. Hence, the handling-over of project will be according to schedule and not delayed by materials mismanagement.
Inwestycje budowlane są nierozerwanie związane z rozwojem gospodarczym każdego kraju. Rozbudowa miast i osiedli, budowa obiektów przemysłowych, handlowych, rekreacyjnych oraz sieci komunikacyjnej jest konieczna i wynika ze strategii rozwoju regionów. Aby ich realizacja była możliwa konieczne jest przygotowanie terenów przeznaczonych pod rozbudowę. W wielu regionach naszego kraju tereny pod budownictwo są coraz bardziej ograniczone, a ponadto inwestorom często zależy na atrakcyjnej lokalizacji inwestycji. Z tego też powodu coraz częściej inwestycje budowlane niebezpiecznie zbliżają się do terenów cennych przyrodniczo i chronionych a często wchodzą na te obszary. Aby zminimalizować negatywne oddziaływania inwestycji na środowisko opracowuje się kilka wariantów inwestycji a następnie oceniając ich pozytywne i negatywne skutki dokonuje się wyboru alternatywy, najlepszej z punktu widzenia otaczającego środowiska. Dla zobrazowania postępowania przedstawiono przykład analizy z zastosowaniem proponowanej przez autorkę metody wskaźnikowej.
EN
Construction investments are related to the economic development of each country. Expansion of towns and settlements, construction, industrial, commercial and recreational objects and the communication network is necessary and results from regional development strategies. For their implementation it is necessary to prepare the area designated for their development. In many regions of our country area suitable for construction are increasingly limited, and furthermore investors often looks for an attractive investment location. For this reason, more and more construction projects dangerously close to areas of high natural value and protected and often are entering the these areas. To minimize the negative investment impact on the environment there are developed several variants of investment. Next, assessing the positive and negative effects, we choose the best, from the point of view of the surrounding environment solution. To illustrate the procedure example of analysis using the method proposed by the author, the indicator is shown.
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This paper presents a model for selecting Architect/Engineer (A/E) professionals for construction projects. The model takes into account all relevant criteria considered by the owner. These criteria were identified through a comprehensive literature review, and were then clustered into seven groups, namely firm background; past experience; technical resources; management capabilities; financial stability; quality assurance; and innovation capability. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to develop a model for A/E professional selection. This involved constructing a hierarchy of the decision, taking into account all of the identified criteria and sub-criteria and comparing the relative importance of each criterion with all other criteria. A synthesis of the results was undertaken to determine the ranking of the different professionals considered in the model. The paper is practically useful to owners interested in achieving the desired cost, quality and time in their projects.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono model wyboru specjalistów z zakresu Architekt/Inżynier (A/E) do projektów budowlanych. Model uwzględnia wszystkie istotne kryteria brane pod uwagę przez właściciela. Kryteria te zostały określone w kompleksowym przeglądzie literatury, a następnie zostały zaszeregowane do siedmiu grup, a mianowicie: silne zaplecze; zdobyte doświadczenie; zasoby techniczne; możliwości zarządzania; stabilność finansowa; zapewnienie jakości; i zdolność innowacyjna. Analityczny proces hierarchiczny (AHP) został wykorzystany do opracowania modelu profesjonalnej selekcji A/E. Wymagało to skonstruowania hierarchii decyzji, biorąc pod uwagę wszystkie zidentyfikowane kryteria i podkryteria oraz porównując względne znaczenie każdego kryterium z wszystkimi innymi kryteriami. Podjęto syntezę wyników w celu ustalenia rankingu różnych specjalistów branych pod uwagę w modelu. Artykuł jest praktycznie użyteczny dla właścicieli zainteresowanych osiągnięciem pożądanych kosztów, jakości i czasu w swoich projektach.
Warunki realizacji przedsięwzięć budowlanych są specyficzne i znacząco odbiegają od tych, które występują przy wykonywaniu projektów w innych obszarach gospodarki. Długi czas realizacji inwestycji budowlanej, zmienność warunków otoczenia, wpływ warunków atmosferycznych, duża materiałochłonność, indywidualność opracowań projektowych, wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne problemy organizacyjne sprawiają, że przedsięwzięcia budowlane charakteryzują się nadzwyczajnie wysokim poziomem ryzyka. Ze względu na specyfikę budownictwa analiza i ocena ryzyka projektów budowlanych (identyfikacja dużej liczby czynników ryzyka, oszacowanie prawdopodobieństwa wystąpienia i ocena wpływu zagrożeń) jest złożona i w dużym stopniu skomplikowana. W artykule przedstawiono metodykę oceny ryzyka czasu i kosztu przedsięwzięcia budowlanego za pomocą symulacji komputerowej Monte Carlo. Klasyczne podejście do oszacowania ryzyka związanego z kosztem inwestycji rozszerzono o uwzględnienie zarówno kosztów bezpośrednich, jak i pośrednich – zależnych od czasu realizacji. To rozwinięcie pozwala na uwzględnienie kolejnych istotnych czynników, tym samym zwiększając precyzję oceny ryzyka przedsięwzięć budowlanych.
EN
Execution conditions of construction projects are specific and significantly different from circumstances of other economy areas. Long project durations, variability of ambient circumstances, influence of weather conditions, high material consumption, architectural project individuality, internal and external organizational difficulties result in exceptionally high risk levels. In connection with particular construction properties, risk analysis and assessment of construction project (identification a lot of risk factors, probability evaluation of occurring events and assessment threat impact) is complex and intricate. The paper presents a methodology for cost and time risk assessment of construction project based on Monte Carlo method. A basic approach to risk (connected with cost evaluation) was extended to account for direct and indirect costs, which are dependent on project duration. This enhancement allows the planner to consider further, vital factors, thus increasing accuracy of risk assessment for construction projects.
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Construction companies usually perform several construction projects at the same time. Projects differ by complexity, duration, budget, variety of works, and number of implementers. Also vary the results of the projects: some of them have been implemented successfully, other terminated with losses or accidents. To determine the causes of one or another result the analysis of project work flow indicators should be performed. The evaluation of project indicators during implementation is not easy task due to the lack of up to date data and indicators measuring problem. The purpose of the research was to analyze common project management problems, the success factors of construction projects and to illustrate how to assess a projects' execution efficiency by mean of the aggregated indicator in particular company. In case study the problem of project performance indicators selection was analyzed, the aggregated project's performance criterion was determined by applying the methods of multi-criteria analysis and logarithmic normalization method was applied. Results show that by using the aggregated indicators it is easy to compare the projects, the received impartial information is useful for strategic planning, quality management, for solving the tasks of resource allocation, motivational project evaluation.
Jednym z celów optymalizacji harmonogramów realizacji przedsięwzięć budowlanych jest dążenie do wyrównania poziomu zatrudnienia ogólnego lub robotników poszczególnych specjalności zawodowych. Przy założeniu, że przedsięwzięcie będzie realizowane w minimalnym czasie, lepsze wykorzystanie zasobów jest możliwe poprzez ustalanie terminu realizacji proce-sów niekrytycznych w przedziale od terminów najwcześniejszych do najpóźniejszych, a także poprzez zastosowanie zmiennej w czasie intensywności realizacji procesów niekrytycznych o drugorzędnym znaczeniu. W pracy przedstawiono model matematyczny zagadnienia oraz przykład rozwiązania modelu i harmonogram przedsięwzięcia z ustaloną organizacją wykonania procesów niekrytycznych.
EN
One of the aims of optimising construction schedules is levelling human resources utilisation – in terms of both total numbers of workforce and particular specialty crews. Assuming that a project is to be completed within minimum time, better resource utilisation is achieved by scheduling non-critical processes to commence some time between their earliest and latest possible starting dates, and/or by changing the intensity of the work on some of the non-critical tasks that are of lower importance – by adding or removing some of their resources under way. The paper presents a mathematical model of this problem and an example of applying the model to the project of the predetermined organization of non-critical tasks.
W ramach nowego cyklu Technologie bezwykopowe na sześciu kontynentach, którego celem jest przybliżanie naszym czytelnikom światowych osiągnięć z zakresu technologii bezwykopowych, omawiamy najciekawsze artykuły zamieszczone w najnowszym numerze (kwiecień 2013) „Trenchless International”, kwartalnika Międzynarodowego Stowarzyszenia Technologii Bezwykopowych (ISTT), a pośrednio także Polskiej Fundacji Technik Bezwykopowych, która od 15 lat jest członkiem tej organizacji.
EN
In the new cycle, Trenchless technologies on six continents, aimed at presenting to our readers the global achievements in trenchless technologies, we are discussing the most interesting material published in the latest issue (April 2013) of “Trenchless International”.
Cooperation marks co-operation, co-operation between men or enterprises. Organizations undertaking co-operation - common working they - aim to achievement of mutual advantages: information exchanges voluntarily, changes introduce, problems solve and they limit the range of competing. The activity on building market be characterizes by with variety of forms resulting with creature of building objects as well as the joining of material production and the services. It according from needs as well as the experience and the investor's potential was used was one or several systems of realization of building undertakings about different range of cooperative connections - the own execution, the investor's, general executor of investment, manager of project.
Realizacja złożonych przedsięwzięć budowlanych obejmuje zadania powierzane podwykonawcom, wymagające specjalistycznych umiejętności lub których wykonanie przekracza zdolności produkcyjne generalnego wykonawcy w umownym okresie realizacji. W celu harmonizacji procesów jest konieczne dokonanie doboru kooperantów w oparciu o oferty cenowe, a także zsynchronizowanie terminów ich zatrudnienia z portfelem ich bieżących i przyszłych zleceń. W pracy przedstawiono model matematyczny zagadnienia oraz przykład doboru podwykonawców budowlanych.
EN
Complex construction projects involve subcontracting some tasks, as the main contractor is not able to complete them due to resource unavailability, inadequate expertise, or for purely economic reasons. To coordinate operations on the building site, subcontractors availability has to be considered with respect to the project requirements and subcontractors' project portfolios. The paper presents a mathematical model of this problem and an example of its implementation in the selection of subcontractors.
W artykule zostały przedstawione wstępne wymogi stosowania i modelowania systemów logistycznych dla złożonych przedsięwzięć budowanych. Ma to na celu wspomagać terminową i bezproblemową realizację inwestycji. Autorzy wskazują przykładowe zagrożenia występujące w fazie wykonawczej przedsięwzięcia budowlanego o charakterze rewitalizacyjnym, wynikające z przyjętego harmonogramu robót oraz rozwiązań w obsłudze logistycznej.
EN
This article is intended to demonstrate the desirability of use, but also proper modeling of logistic systems, in particular for complex building projects as a factor supporting the timely and smooth implementation of the building investment. There are also referenced some examples of potentially hazardous circumstances occurring during revitalization type construction work execution phase, resulting from the proposed work schedule and solutions in logistics.
Zarządzanie ryzykiem jest procedurą stosunkowo trudną do wdrożenia w budownictwie. Jednakże losowy charakter zjawisk mających wpływ na produkcję budowlaną zachęca do głębszych analiz nad tym zagadnieniem. Zakres referatu obejmuje krótką charakterystykę jednej z powszechnie wykorzystywanych metodyk – PRINCE2 z jednoczesnym uwypukleniem zarządzania ryzykiem na tle procesów stanowiących filary owej metodyki. Uwaga została skupiona na możliwości wykorzystania tzw. Rejestru Ryzyka w ramach przedsięwzięć budowlanych do utworzenia listy ryzyk, ich charakterystyki, określenia potencjalnej straty oraz zaproponowania odpowiedniej reakcji (planów rezerwowych).
EN
Risk management is a procedure that is relatively difficult to implement in construction industry. However, the random nature of phenomena influencing construction production encourages one to carry out more insightful analyses of this issue. The scope of the paper covers a brief description of one of the most widely used methodologies: PRINCE2. Risk management is emphasised against the processes constituting the pillars of that methodology. Attention is focused on the possibility to use the so-called Risk Register within construction projects to produce lists of risk and their description, to determine potential loss and to put forward proper responses (strategies of risk).
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