Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The use of sewage sludge in anaerobic digestion: formation, properties, and implementation

Pilarska Agnieszka A., Kałuża Tomasz, Pawlak Maciej, Kulupa Tomasz

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

|

2024

|

Vol. 27

321--340

EN

The effect of municipal wastewater treatment, in addition to improving its quality, is sludge formation. Disposal of sewage sludge (SS) is a critical environmental problem that requires careful management. Under current legislation, SS represents waste requiring stabilisation to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and substances potentially harmful to the environment. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an efficient method of treating SS, and it produces biogas as a renewable energy source (RES). The efficiency of the process can be increased by combining SS with other organic wastes as cosubstrates. Therefore, AD allows for a twofold benefit crucial for sustainable waste and energy management, i.e. sludge stabilisation and biogas production. Another equally important consideration in the construction of biogas plants at wastewater treatment plants is reducing the plant's operating costs by using the electricity and heat generated in the cogeneration units for the plant's needs. This paper discusses the formation technology and properties of sewage sludge, the legal aspects of using and disposing of SS, the conditions for employing their anaerobic biodegradation, and the co-digestion systems used.

2

Operation and challenges of biogas technology: A fundamental overview

Pilarski Krzysztof, Pilarska Agnieszka A.

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

|

2024

|

Vol. 27

281--307

EN

The modern world is facing a huge energy crisis related to the depletion of conventional energy sources. Therefore, obtaining energy from alternative sources is sparking increasing interest, expressed by both scientists and entrepreneurs. One such source is biogas, which has great potential to become, along with wind and solar energy, an important renewable energy source (RES). The development of biogas production should proceed in a sustainable manner, meaning it should be economically stable and minimize negative environmental impacts. Its goal is to create efficient and eco-friendly energy solutions – largely based on the use of organic waste – that support a circular economy and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving these conditions, however, requires addressing technical challenges, which often include the need to optimize biomass processing and invest in new technologies, issues with substrate heterogeneity, gas management and purification, digestate management, as well as infrastructure and scalability concerns. Sustainable biogas development thus requires solutions to these technical and infrastructure challenges, as well as support from policy and local communities.

3

Znaczenie sztucznej inteligencji we wspomaganiu procesu beztlenowej fermentacji odpadów kuchennych zawierających bioplastiki

Arendt Ryszard, Kopczyński Andrzej, Hupka Jan, Grabowiec Aleksandra

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2024

|

T. 103, nr 6

711--719

PL

Przebiegu procesu fermentacji anaerobowej nie można w pełni sformalizować. W tym odniesieniu pożądane jest wykorzystanie metod sztucznej inteligencji (AI) i uczenia maszynowego do monitoringu i sterowania procesami i operacjami jednostkowymi w celu uzyskania bardziej wydajnych metod prowadzenia procesu i ilości produktów końcowych. Akwizycja danych odbywa się przez automatyczny monitoring oraz poprzez badania analityczne. Wiedzę opisującą prowadzenie procesu fermentacji anaerobowej zestawiono w postaci reguł: IF (przesłanka) THEN (konkluzja). Zestawiony zbiór reguł tworzy bazę wiedzy systemu ekspertowego prowadzenia procesu wraz ze wskazówkami dla operatora. Reguły wiedzy są aktualizowane i rozwijane w trakcie prowadzenia procesu, zaś zastosowanie AI zapewnia zachowanie wiedzy operatorów przy zmianach personelu obsługi reaktorów. Przedstawiono budowę laboratoryjnego stanowiska fermentacji anaerobowej odpadów kuchennych i żywnościowych, stosowane urządzenia techniczne, strukturę systemu AI oraz wybrane reguły wiedzy.

EN

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning were used to obtain more effective methods for conducting the digestion process and achieving final products. Data acquisition was carried out by an automatic monitoring and anal. research. The knowledge describing the anaerobic digestion process was summarized in the form of rules: IF (premise) THEN (conclusion). The compiled set of rules created a knowledge base of the expert system, which was used to run the anaerobic digestion process and provided instructions to the operator. Knowledge rules were updated and developed during the process. The construction of a mobile laboratory system for the anaerobic digestion of kitchen and food waste, the tech. devices, the structure of the AI system, and selected knowledge rules were presented.

4

The Use of Biofilter in Anaerobic Baffled Reactor to Improve Quality of Methane Concentration and Effluent as Liquid Organic Fertiliser

Ningsih Lydia Mawar, Hasanudin Udin, Roubík Hynek

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 9

226--234

EN

The biofilter used is a simple technology in anaerobic digestion to remove pollutants from the substrate to enhance biogas production and nutrient effluent, which can be used as liquid organic fertiliser. This study aims to determine the effect of using a biofilter to improve biogas production and biogas effluent as an organic fertiliser material. The results show that the highest methane concentration is 60.64% at a dosage 200 L·day-1. The total solid (TS) content of biogas effluent exhibits a decrease of approximately 44% across all substrate doses, with respective percentages of TS of 0.16%, 0.03%, 0.025%, and 0.034% for 50 L·day-1, 100 L·day-1, 150 L·day-1, and 200 L·day-1, respectively. The use of biofilters in an ABR can significantly enhance the quality of biogas effluent, rendering it suitable for use as a liquid organic fertiliser. By capturing and biodegrading pollutants, the biofilter component can further enrich the nutrient content of the effluent, which already contains essential nutrients due to the anaerobic conditions and compartmentalised design of the ABR. The nutrient content in the biogas effluent mix with nutrition (AB mix) namely; N-total 262.5 mg·L-1, P-available 0.399 mg·L-1, Ca 4.08 mg·L-1, Mg 25.24 mg·L-1, Cu 0.032 mg·L-1, and Fe 13.09 mg·L-1 follows the standard organic fertiliser of the Minister of Agriculture of Indonesia.

5

Bioreactor Feeding Strategies to Improve Biogas Production and Pig Slurry Management Flexibility

Silva Inês, Lapa Nuno, Ribeiro Henrique, Duarte Elizabeth

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 9

252--259

EN

Pig slurry (PS) management is a challenge that needs appropriate strategies. Anaerobic digestion (AD) has proved to be an interesting option to follow when it comes to livestock effluent management. Although this technology is well established, it is crucial to investigate different scenarios that demonstrate its suitability to motivate farmers to adopt new strategies for PS management. Previous research, based on a daily feeding regime and a 2-day starvation-induced period, investigated the impact of feast/ famine cycles on the AD process. There was evidence of a positive link between AD performance and the starvation regime. From this assumption, new scenarios were designed combining different feeding frequencies: a) one daily feeding (F1) and six feedings per day (F6), b) two days of starvation with one feeding (S1) and with six feedings (S6). The operational parameters were settled in advance: organic loading rate (1.5±0.2 g VS/Lreactor.d), hydraulic retention time (15 days), and mesophilic conditions (37±1 ºC). The results obtained in this work indicate a significant improvement (P<0.05) of 92% in specific methane production when comparing the trial F1 with F6. VS reduction remained constant in F1 and F6, but the starvation period (S1) led to an increase in VS reduction compared to both F1 (27%) and F6 (33%). The results obtained are in agreement with the previous work conducted by the authors. This study highlights how feeding frequency and starvation affect biogas production, assessing their effectiveness on biogas yield. This tool will give farmers a key decision factor to make an evidence-based decision and can work as a contingency planning strategy, aligning their PS management needs with AD versatility.

6

Protection of the Purification Station Thermal Engines Against the Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide by the Coupling of a Chemical and Biological Treatment of the Produced Biogas

Jmili Mohammed, El Fellah Younes, Guissi Khalid, Baali El Houssain

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 4

28--37

EN

Among the various techniques used to reduce hydrogene sulfide in biogaz avoiding harmful effects on engines, the chemical and biological treatment appears particularly promising. The main objective of this article was to develop a new process to reduce the harmful effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), contained in the biogas resulting from methanization, on the equipment of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of FES city in particular the two cogeneration units. A multiple regime technique for biogas desulfuration, based on the chemical and biological treatment as well as internal micro-aeration of the digester was developed. Owing to the insights gained from this study, it was identified that reducing the concentration of H2S in biogas and improving methane production (biogas production increased from 3.6 M Nm3 in 2018 to 3.8 M Nm3 in 2019, a saving of about 300,000 MAD); reduction of desulfurization tower downtime from 4 times/year to 1 time/year; increasing operating time of generating sets from 8800 in 2018 to 14 400 h in 2019; electricity production increased from 5.9 GWh in 2018 to 7.2 GWh in 2019. In light of these findings, it can be affirmed that the study successfully achieved its objectives, presenting valuable avenues for future scientific exploration.

7

Optimization of Parameters Responsible for the Rate of Gas Generation Through Mixed Anaerobic Digestion

Jaysingpure Vaishali, Khobragade Moni

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no. 8

256--271

EN

A key source of renewable energy, biogas (methane) was generated in the anaerobic mixed digestion of floral waste along with the combinations of other substrates. The present study has focused on the treatment of floral waste by anaerobic mix digestion along with co wastes named as canteen waste (CW), dairy waste (DW), and yard waste (YW) by using cow dung (CW) and sewage sludge (SS)as an inoculum. The concept of mixed digestion is used in this work by using different substrates with the main substrate as floral waste. The substrates are added with co substrates in a ratio of 2:1. Three types of comparative studies are carried out by making different combinations of substrates by keeping floral waste common in every combination. Different parameters responsible for the quantity of methane gas resulting from anaerobic digestion are optimized using design expert software's response surface methodology (RSM). A specially designed laboratory-scale model is used which is attached with a biogas analyser to continuously measure and analyse the generated biogas. A total of 45 experiments were carried out on the predicted conditions for different combinations. Parameters such as pH, temperature, and food to microorganism ratio have been chosen as independent variables. Daily biogas generation and cumulative biogas generation were recorded. COD removal efficiency recorded after eight days was in the range of 75–85%. Good interactions have been occurred among the independent variables chosen for the generation of biogas. Highest results were observed at optimum conditions (with pH = 7.2, F/M ratio = 2, T = 37°C). The cumulative biogas yield resulting from an experiment was 7.2L/kg VS. The average VS removal of 62–73% and TS removal of 45–55 % were recorded.

8

Koncepcja zintegrowanego systemu fermentacji beztlenowej i kompostowania z wykorzystaniem odpadowego tlenu pochodzącego z procesu elektrolizy

Jurczyk Michał, Ochmann Jakub, Gholizadeh Towhid, Skorek-Osikowska Anna

Rynek Energii

|

2023

|

Nr 5

59--63

PL

W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję systemu fermentacji beztlenowej i kompostowania wraz z wykorzystaniem odpadowego tlenu, pochodzącego z procesu elektrolizy wody. Elektrolizer, oprócz wodoru, generuje także duże ilości tlenu, który można sprzedać jako dodatkowy produkt z instalacji lub wykorzystać w innym procesie przemysłowym. Wykorzystanie tlenu z procesu rozpadu wody zachodzącego w obrębie generatorów wodoru pozwala pominąć konieczność zabudowy kosztownej jednostki separacji powietrza ASU (ang. Air separation unit) w analizowanym systemie. Tlen potrzebny w procesach zgazowania lub w procesie spalania tlenowego może pochodzić z procesu elektrolizy. W rozważanym systemie do pozyskiwania paliw zaproponowano wykorzystanie elektrolizerów wysokotemperaturowych typu SOE (ang. Solid Oxide Electrolyzers). Głównym celem badań laboratoryjnych jest określenie wpływu utleniacza (tlenu) na skład oraz parametry otrzymanego w procesie kompostowania gazu.

EN

The article presents the concept of an anaerobic digestion and composting system with the use of waste oxygen from the water electrolysis process. Apart from hydrogen, the electrolyser generates large amounts of oxygen, which can be sold as an additional product from the installation or used. The use of oxygen ﬁom the water decomposition process taking place within the hydrogen generators makes it possible to omit the need to use a costly air separation unit (ASU) in the analyzed system. The oxygen needed in the gasiﬁcation or oxycombustion processes can come from the electrolysis process. In the considered system for obtaining fuels, the use of high- temperature electrolysers of the SOE type (Solid Oxide Electrolyzers) was proposed. The main purpose of laboratory tests is to determine the inﬂuence of the oxidant (oxygen) on the composition and parameters of the gas obtained in the composting process.

9

Dezintegracja ultradźwiękowa jako skuteczna metoda intensyfikacji procesu stabilizacji beztlenowej osadów ściekowych

Tytła Malwina

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2023

|

nr 2

36--42

PL

Biologiczna stabilizacja beztlenowa, zwana inaczej fermentacją beztlenową, jest jednym z najważniejszych procesów przeróbki osadów stasowanych w oczyszczalniach ścieków. Proces ten umożliwia redukcję masy osadów przeznaczonych do zagospodarowania, zmniejsza udział patogenów oraz eliminuje odory. W procesie tym powstaje biogaz, który stanowi cenne źródło energii odnawialnej. Celem stabilizacji beztlenowej jest generowanie bezpiecznego dla środowiska odpadu, który może być wykorzystany, np. do celów rolniczych lub do rekultywacji. Stabilizacji beztlenowej poddawane są głównie osady nadmierne. Niestety stosowanie nowoczesnych technologii oczyszczania ścieków oraz zagęszczanie osadów z dodatkiem polielektrolitu powodują, że znaczna część materii organicznej zawartej w tych osadach staje się niedostępna i trudno biodegradowalna w procesie fermentacji metanowej, co wpływa negatywnie na przebieg fazy hydrolitycznej limitującej szybkość stabilizacji. W związku z powyższym konieczne jest stosowanie metod mających na celu wstępną obróbkę osadów nadmiernych przed procesem stabilizacji beztlenowej, która pozwoli na przyspieszenie fazy hydrolitycznej oraz poprawi uzyskiwane w procesie efekty. Jedną z takich metod jest dezintegracja ultradźwiękowa.

EN

Anaerobic biological stabilization, known as anaerobic digestion, is one of the most important sewage sludge treatment processes used in wastewater treatments plants. This process enables reducing the mass of sludge intended for management, reduces the share of pathogens and eliminates odours. In this process, a biogas is produced, which is a valuable source of renewable energy. The purpose of anaerobic stabilization is to generate environmentally safe waste that can be used, for example, for agricultural purposes or for reclamation. Excess sludge is mainly subjected to anaerobic stabilization. Unfortunately, the use of advanced wastewater treatment technologies and sludge thickening with the addition of polyelectrolyte makes a significant part of the organic matter contained in the sludge unavailable and difficult to biodegrade in the process of methane fermentation, which negatively affects the course of the hydrolytic phase, limiting the rate of stabilization. Therefore, it is necessary to use methods aimed at the pre-treatment of excess sludge before the anaerobic stabilization, which will allow for the acceleration of the hydrolytic phase and improve the effects obtained in the process. One of such methods is ultrasonic disintegration.

10

The effect of silage additive on the kinetics of biogas production from lignocellulosic perennial crops

Kupryś-Caruk Marta, Lisowski Aleksander, Chomontowski Chrystian

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2023

|

no. 56

58--66

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of silage additive containing heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain of Lactobacillus buchneri species on ensiling quality, as well as methane yield and the kinetics of biogas production from ensiled perennial energy grasses: Miscanthus × giganteus (miscanthus), Spartina pectinata (cordgrass), Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) and Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem). The listed plants are not commonly used for biogas production, their susceptibility to ensiling is also little known, hence the need to investigate their suitability for these processes. Effective methods for increasing the biogas yield from biomass are still demand, hence the research on the use of LAB for this purpose. After harvesting the grasses were cut and ensiled in barrels with and without (controls) the usage of commercial silage inoculant containing Lactobacillus buchneri LN40177. After 90 days of ensiling obtained silages were analysed in order to compare their chemical composition: organic acids content, the loss of dry matter, the differences in particular fibres composition. The silages were then subjected to methane fermentation using OxiTop® sensors and exposed to air in order to check their aerobic stability. The silages prepared with LAB additive had higher concentration of acetic acid than the control silages prepared without LAB addition, which contributed to increased aerobic stability but had no effect on the methane yield of miscanthus, switchgrass and big bluestem. Using the microbial inoculant during ensiling had beneficial effect in terms of reducing the duration of biogas production process from obtained silages: lag phase was shortened, daily biogas production rate was increased and 90% of biogas was produced in a shorter period of time compared to the control silages from investigated grasses. The modified Gompertz model well reflected the kinetics of biogas production process.

11

Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Replacing Fertilizers with Digestate

Kowalczyk-Juśko Alina, Pochwatka Patrycja, Mazurkiewicz Jakub, Pulka Jakub, Kępowicz Barbara, Janczak Damian, Dach Jacek

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 4

312--319

EN

Digestate from a biogas plant can be a valuable organic and mineral fertilizer. Quantitative proportions of cosubstrates used in three agricultural biogas plants in Poland were analyzed. The composition of digestates was examined and large differences in the content of macronutrients were found, especially N and K. On the basis of the factors used to calculate emissions from the production and use of artificial fertilizers, the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction resulting from replacing mineral fertilizers with digestate was calculated. In terms of 1 Mg of fresh digestate, this reduction may not seem large, as it amounts to 27.9–61.6 kg of CO2 eq, but it should be taken into account that digestate contains little dry matter. The annual amount of digestate used on an area of 1 ha allows avoiding GHG emissions of 25.8–44.5 Mg CO2 eq.

12

Effect of Biological Pretreatment on Anaerobic Sewage Sludge Digestion: Using Growth Media for Methanogenic Bacteria and Kinetic Studies for Biogas Yield

Lihi Khadija, Auajjar Nabila, Hamdi Inass, Echchayeb Kaouatar, Attarassi Benaissa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 12

178--186

EN

The valorization of sewage sludge, a by-product of wastewater treatment by anaerobic digestion (AD), is getting more attention as a result of the advantages it provides for the environment and economy. The current investigation is an experiment performed in a lab setting using a batch-operated anaerobic digestion reactor with a mesophilic temperature of 35°C. This study examined the generation of experimental biogas and biodegradability .The effect of pretreatment by methanogenic bacteria growth medium on anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge was studied on three different concentrations of growth media, a control, and a low, medium and high concentration of culture medium, with cumulative biogas production of 610N ml /gVS added, 750 N ml /gVS added, 900 N ml /gVS added, 10 N ml /gVS added, respectively, with biodegradability rate of 52.16%, 56.5%, 74.04%, 28.70% respectively. Biogas production was enhanced at a medium concentration of culture medium and inhibited at a high concentration during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Additionally, a theoretical biogas estimate was evaluated using four kinetic models (Logistic function, Modified Gompertz, Transference function, and First order); which were utilized to match the experimental biogas generation process involving the anaerobic digestion of untreated and pretreated sewage sludge by various concentrations of growth media of methanogenic bacteria . The kinetic findings demonstrated that both models, Modified Gompertz and Logistic function, were useful for predicting biogas output and matched experimental biogas production.

13

Biogas Production from Manure of Camel and Sheep Using Tomato and Rumen as Co-Substrate

Alharbi Mariam, Alseroury Fathiya, Alkthami Boshra

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 11

54--61

EN

Rumen accumulation in slaughterhouses produced by sheep is a significant issue that endangers human life and the ecosystem. Use of rumen appears to improve biogas production due to a high rate of hydrolytic bacteria. Hydrolytic bacteria are required for the breakdown of organic matter and biogas. This study proposes that combined camel and sheep manure with tomatoes and Rumen be co-digested under mesophilic conditions by anaerobically fermenting in a batch system to produce biogas. In the cross-sectional area of the study at the same operating conditions, biogas volume was measured for a period of 14 days, and on the last day, methane concentrations were measured. The study found that the rumen sample had the highest methane concentration, measuring 69.30%. Conversely, the control mixture without any additional co-substance had the lowest percentage of methane. Additionally, the tomato sample showed a slightly higher methane concentration of 0.1% compared to the control mixture. The study results show that efficient biogas production increased with rumen and tomatoes addition to manure compared to the control bio-digester sample. This demonstrates how waste can be transformed into wealth, which can be used to reduce costs for the community.

14

Methane Production from Farmed Rainbow Trout Byproducts by Anaerobic Digestion in Morocco

Essalhi Fatima, Bengueddour Rachid

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 2

45--54

EN

Fish are a staple in human nutrition because of their great nutritional and dietetic value. The processing stages of these fish before being sold generates an important quantity of byproducts (head, viscera, skeleton, fins, scales, tail, and skin). This study aims to determine the methane production, methanogenic potential and the percentage of volatile solids removed by the anaerobic digestion process. The experiment was carried out at mesophilic conditions in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) with a discontinuous feeding mode (batch). The results obtained showed that the byproducts of farmed rainbow trout have a maximum methane production 1176 Nml whose methanogenic potential is 206.68 Nml/gVS with a biodegradability equal to 57.95%. For the kinetic modeling, four models were applied for an adequate fit of the experimental results (first order, MGompertz, transfererence function, and logistic function). The production of methane closest to the experimental results is that estimated by the logistic function with a methanogenic potential of 212.21 Nml/gVS whose correlation coefficient R2= 0.9870 and a very low percentage of error (1.18%), also the MGompertz model presented results adapted to those of the experiment with a methanogenic potential equal to 223.61 Nml/gVS (R2= 0.9889 and %error = 2.95); This confirms that these two kinetic models are the most suitable for this type of substrate.

15

Kinetic Modeling of Methane Production from the Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater Sludge from a Treatment Plant in Kenitra, Morocco

Lihi Khadija, Auajjar Nabila, Nizar Youness, Attarassi Benaissa

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 1

165--174

EN

It is necessary to understand the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge and to find an adequate strategy to improve the efficiency of methane production. In this work, the production of methane and detailed properties of sludge are determined. The physico-chemical parameters of the digester 1 'D1' and the digester 2 'D2' remain in the optimal range of AD stability with a median value of pH (7.82; 7.93); Temperature (36.70; 37.10°C); alkalinity (3.52; 3.58 g/L); and volatile fatty acids (0.47; 0.52 g/L), respectively. This paper focuses on the performance optimization of the methane production by kinetic models of two continuous digesters in a wastewater treatment plant in Kenitra City, Morocco. Mathematical models used in anaerobic digestion are: Modified Gompertz, transference functions, and logistics functions. These kinetic models have benefitted experimental methane production for both digesters. Results show that all the models used are appropriate to optimize the kinetic parameters for producing methane, showing that the transference function is the most suitable model for predicting kinetic results.

16

Energetic Potential of Coffee Waste from Anaerobic Digestion and Combustion

Ait Lhaj Lahcen Samira, Ibn Ahmed Said, Lahboubi Nabila, El Bari Hassan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 2

138--145

EN

Coffee is present in every street in the world and is without a doubt one of the most consumed beverages. Moreover, it is the third most consumed drink in the world. Recent estimations from the International Coffee Organization put. The world coffee production at about 6 million tons per year. Its uncontrolled disposal can cause environmental problems, but if handled properly, it can be processed into pellets, and used as an energy source. In the present study, the production of energy from coffee waste (CW) is an interesting alternative to traditional production lines. The objective of this study is to calculate the energetic potential (Ep), which can be generated by anaerobic digestion (AD) and thermochemical conversion (TC), of the organic fraction of CW in the city of Kenitra, Morocco. An elementary analysis allows us to estimate the calorific value by the TC. The lower and higher calorific values were estimated to be: 18.71 and 20.28 MJ/Kg, respectively. Ep results by AD and CT were 0.25 and 1.3 MWh/t, respectively.

17

Influence of Mesophilic Bacteria Inoculation with Chicken Manure for Biogas Production Enhancement in Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process

Alkarimiah Rosnani

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

|

2023

|

Vol. 33, no. 3

33--49

EN

The objective of this study is to investigate biogas production by anaerobic digestion using mesophilic bacteria mixed with Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). This project aims to determine the volume of biogas generation and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from chicken manure via the anaerobic digestion process. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM) often faces obstacles, including high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration, inorganic soil particles, and wood chips. The digestion process was carried under batch mode conditions in Scott bottles of 1.0 L active volume. The bottles were immersed in a water bath to control their temperature at 37℃. The characteristics of total solid, volatile solid of mass fraction, pH, and temperature on the amount of biogas produced were studied. The investigation showed that biogas production can be enhanced by inoculation of another material. The optimum biogas composition in the AD system was recorded by Inoculum I, which was achieved on Day 2 at 560 mL/L. The highest cumulative methane yield was observed in the leachate with Inoculum (I), which was 8976 mL/gVS, while the CML produced 4 mL/g VS. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process augmented with inoculum demonstrated heightened efficacy in biogas generation and VFA concentration reduction during the acidogenic phase, surpassing the observed performance in chicken manure leachate.

18

Anaerobic digestion and composting as methods of bio-waste management

Czekała Wojciech, Nowak Mateusz, Bojarski Wiktor

Agricultural Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 27, No. 1

173--186

EN

The management of biodegradable waste from various sectors of economy is an essential element in terms of environmental protection. The paper discusses issues related to the possibility of bio-waste treatment using anaerobic digestion technologies and composting processes, highlighting the conditions for the processes and their advantages and disadvantages. The challenges of overproduction of bio-waste faced by highly developed countries around the world are also presented. Research showed that the anaerobic digestion of this waste combines both biofuel production and a circular economy. The popularity of this method is linked, among others to a low cost of raw materials and wide range of possible uses for biogas (i.e. electricity, heat, or biomethane). In addition, an alternative bio-waste management option, compost production, was discussed. The study aimed to compare anaerobic and aerobic bio-waste management processes.

PL

Zagospodarowanie odpadów biodegradowalnych pochodzących z różnych gałęzi gospodarki jest niezbędnym elementem w aspekcie ochrony środowiska. W artykule omówione zostały zagadnienia związane z możliwością przetwarzania bioodpadów wykorzystując technologie fermentacji metanowej i procesu kompostowania, z podkreśleniem warunków prowadzenia procesów oraz ich wad i zalet. Przedstawione zostały także wyzwania związane z nadmierną produkcją bioodpadów, przed którymi stoją państwa wysokorozwinięte na całym świecie. Prowadzone badania pokazują, że fermentacja beztlenowa omawianych odpadów łączy zarówno produkcję biopaliw oraz gospodarkę obiegu zamkniętego. Popularność omawianej metody jest związana m.in. z niskim kosztem surowców oraz szeroką możliwością wykorzystania produktu jakim jest biogaz (tj. elektryczność, ciepło lub biometan). Ponadto omówiona została tematyka związana z alternatywną możliwością zagospodarowania bioodpadów jaką jest produkcja kompostu. Celem pracy było porównanie procesów beztlenowego i tlenowego zagospodarowania bioodpadów.

19

Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) as a Potential Material for Biogas Production

Cong Nguyen Van, Thanh Tran Van, Kha Le Thi Mong, Hoang Nguyen Xuan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 6

182--188

EN

This study evaluated the biogas production potential of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) by batch anaerobic digestion under in-vitro conditions. Twenty-one litre-plastic jars were used to conduct 4 replications over 75 days. The results showed that solution temperature, pH and Eh were suitable for biogas production. More than 50% of the obtained CH4 was formed within 17–42 days after incubation. The maximum daily CH4 production was 0.052 L/gVS, whilst the daily H2S concentration was low, with a maximum value of 28 ppm within 14–21 d after incubation. Moreover, the peak of daily biogas production was seen at day 16 with production of 0.12 L/gVS. The results highlight that water lettuce biomass can be potentially used to produce high quality biogas in anaerobic incubation.

20

Recent Challenges of Biogas Production and its Conversion to Electrical Energy

Syahri Siti Noor Khaleeda Mhd, Abu Hasan Hassimi, Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh, Othman Ahmad Razi, Abdul Peer Mohamed, Azmy Raja Farzarul Hanim Raja, Muhamad Mohd Hafizuddin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 3

251--269

EN

A pressing concern of issues such as climate change has drawn main attention in the world. The burning of fossil fuels by human due to increasing energy demand in various sectors is one of the main factors that influence the climate change. This has resulted in the introduction of many renewable energy sources as alternatives to fossil fuels. Biogas is one type of renewable energy that has numerous advantages. The present review covers the recent challenges of biogas production and its conversion to electrical energy. This includes the substrates used, the operating parameters, and the pre-treatment used, which can be implemented to maximise the biogas yield. The challenges and potential of the generation of electricity from biogas were also discussed in this review. The results obtained in this review emphasise that biogas is a good renewable energy, as it solves multiple problems and at the same brings benefits to human beings in many ways.