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1
Content available Sustainable development of renewable energy in shipping: technological and environmental prospects
Melnyk Oleksiy, Bulgakov Mykola, Fomin Oleksij, Onyshchenko Svitlana, Pulyaev Igor
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
|
2025
|
z. 127
165--188
EN
Shipping is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions; therefore, immediate actions must be taken in the field of sustainable development. This study focuses on exploring the use of renewable energy to mitigate emissions and enhance energy efficiency on board ships. Hence, technologies for capturing, utilizing, and storing solar, wind, and carbon energy are investigated. Further, the study weighs these approaches in terms of benefits, drawbacks, and potential application in sustainable maritime operations. To quantify the practicability of the solutions analyzed, an interdisciplinary approach intertwining feasibility analysis, simulation modeling, and policy evaluation is used. Topics discussed include technological barriers, economic barriers, and regulatory frameworks. It also highlights recent advances with great environmental potential in shipping, such as hybrid propulsion systems and fuel cell technologies. The results showed that the hybrid systems with renewable energy combined with CCUS can reduce CO₂ emissions from ships up to 90%, which, in the best case, simultaneously imparts an increased operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. The study therefore examined regulatory and policy options that could facilitate the transition to renewable energy in this sector, and the industrial application of these technologies is thus presented as a key stage in environmentally sustainable development.
2
Content available Climate neutrality in Poland: the role of the coal sector in achieving the 2050 goal
Pepłowska Monika
Polityka Energetyczna
|
2025
|
T. 28, z. 1
113--126
EN
The article discusses the challenges and opportunities of the coal sector in the context of  Poland’s pursuit of climate neutrality by 2050. Key energy transformation strategies are analyzed,  focusing on the modernization of coal combustion technologies, the development of carbon capture,  utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies, and the gradual diversification of energy sources.  The text emphasizes that the role of the coal sector extends beyond emission reduction to include  investments in innovative technologies and ensuring a just transition for mining regions. The paper also examines the impact of energy policy and regulation on the future of the coal sector.  It pointed out that transition support mechanisms, such as the Just Transition Fund and EU funding  for energy modernization, are crucial. It emphasizes that achieving climate neutrality requires  a gradual shift away from coal towards renewable energy sources, the development of energy  storage technologies, and the implementation of smart grids. The analysis of technical, economic, and social aspects points to the necessity of considering the  interests of coal sector workers and local communities. Based on the study, the authors conclude that  the future of the Polish energy sector depends on a skillful combination of technological innovation,  effective transformation strategies, and appropriate support policies for regions dependent on coal  mining. The article concludes with a summary and the most important findings.
PL
W artykule omówiono wyzwania i szanse sektora węglowego w kontekście dążenia Polski do osią gnięcia neutralności klimatycznej do roku 2050. Przeanalizowano kluczowe strategie transformacji  energetycznej, skupiając się na modernizacji technologii spalania węgla, rozwoju technologii wychwy tywania, wykorzystania i składowania dwutlenku węgla (CCUS) oraz stopniowej dywersyfikacji źródeł  energii. W tekście podkreślono, że rola sektora węglowego wykracza poza redukcję emisji, obejmując  inwestycje w innowacyjne technologie i zapewnienie sprawiedliwej transformacji regionów górniczych. W artykule zbadano również wpływ polityki energetycznej i regulacji na przyszłość sektora węglo wego. Zwrócono uwagę, że kluczowe znaczenie mają mechanizmy wsparcia transformacji, takie jak  Fundusz Sprawiedliwej Transformacji i finansowanie modernizacji energetycznej przez UE. Podkreśla  się, że osiągnięcie neutralności klimatycznej wymaga stopniowego odchodzenia od węgla na rzecz od nawialnych źródeł energii, rozwoju technologii magazynowania energii i wdrożenia inteligentnych sieci.  Analiza aspektów technicznych, ekonomicznych i społecznych wskazuje na konieczność uwzględnie nia interesów pracowników sektora węglowego i lokalnych społeczności. Na podstawie przeprowadzo nych badań autorzy dochodzą do wniosku, że przyszłość polskiego sektora energetycznego zależy od  umiejętnego połączenia innowacji technologicznych, skutecznych strategii transformacji i odpowiedniej  polityki wsparcia dla regionów zależnych od wydobycia węgla. Artykuł kończy się podsumowaniem  i najważniejszymi ustaleniami.
3
Content available Simplified mathematical model of oxy-fuel combustion of municipal solid waste in the grate furnace: effect of different flue gas recirculation rates and comparison with conventional mode
Copik Paulina, Szlęk Andrzej, Ditaranto Mario
Archives of Thermodynamics
|
2024
|
Vol. 45, no. 4
13--25
EN
Bioenergy carbon capture technology (BioCCS or BECCS) plays a key role in the European Green Deal, which aims to decarbonize industry and energy sectors, resulting in the production of energy with negative CO2 emissions. Due to the biogenic origin of carbon contained in municipal solid waste (MSW), the application of carbon capture in waste incineration plants can be classified as BioCCS. Thus, this technology has attracted scientists' attention recently since it reduces excessive waste and emissions of carbon dioxide. Currently, there are four incineration plants in the Netherlands, Norway and Japan, in which CO2 capture is implemented; however, they are based on the post-combustion technique since it is the most mature method and not requires many changes in the system. Nevertheless, the separation of CO2 from the flue gas flow, which contains mostly nitrogen, is complex and causes a large drop in the total performance of the system. Oxy-fuel combustion technology involves the replacement of air as an oxidizer into high purity oxygen and recirculated exhaust gas. As a result, CO2-rich gas is produced that is practically ready for capture. The main goal of the study is to develop a mathematical model of oxy-waste combustion to answer the research questions, such as how the composition of oxidant that is supplied to the process affects the combustion performance. The model includes all important processes taking place within the chamber, such as pyrolysis, char burnout and gas combustion over the grate. The results of the work will contribute to the development of oxy-waste incineration plants and will be useful for design purposes.
4
Content available A holistic approach to the total energy and cost for carbon capture and sequestration
Michaelides Efstathios E.
Archives of Thermodynamics
|
2024
|
Vol. 45, no. 1
5--16
EN
Carbon capture and sequestration from a stationary source comprises four distinct engineering processes: separation of CO2 from the other flue gases, compression, transportation, and injection into the chosen storage site. An analysis of the thermodynamic and transport properties of CO2 shows that dissolving this gas in seawater at depths more than 600 m is, most likely, an optimal long-term storage method; and that for transportation, the CO2 must be in the denser supercritical state at pressures higher than 7.377 MPa. The separation, compression, transportation, and injection processes require significant energy expenditures, which are determined in this paper using realistic equipment efficiencies, for the cases of two currently in operation coal power plants in Texas. The computations show that the total energy requirements for carbon removal and sequestration are substantial, close to one-third of the energy currently generated by the two power plants. The cost analysis shows that two parameters – the unit cost of the pipeline and the discount factor of the corporation – have a very significant effect on the annualized cost of the CCS process. Doubling the unit cost of the pipeline increases the total annualized cost of the entire CCS project by 36% and increasing the discount rate from 5% to 15% increases this annualized cost by 32%.
5
Content available Thermodynamic analysis of cycle arrangements of the coal-fired thermal power plants with carbon capture
Kindra Vladimir Olegovich, Milukov Igor Alexandrovich, Shevchenko Igor Vladimirovich, Shabalova Sofia Igorevna, Kovalev Dmitriy Sergeevich
Archives of Thermodynamics
|
2021
|
Vol. 42, no. 4
103--121
EN
The electricity production by combustion of organic fuels, especially coal, increases the atmospheric CO2 content, which contributes to global warming. The greenhouse gas emissions by the power production industry may be reduced by the application of CO2 capture and storage systems, but it remarkably decreases the thermal power plant (TPP) efficiency because of the considerable increase of the auxiliary electricity requirements. This paper describes the thermodynamic analysis of a combined cycle TPP with coal gasification and preliminary carbon dioxide capture from the syngas. Utilization of the heat produced in the fuel preparation increases the TPP net efficiency from 42.3% to 47.2%. Moreover, the analysis included the combined cycle power plant with coal gasification and the CO2 capture from the heat recovery steam generator exhaust gas, and the oxy-fuel combustion power cycle with coal gasification. The coal-fired combined cycle power plant efficiency with the preliminary CO2 capture from syngas is 0.6% higher than that of the CO2 capture after combustion and 9.9% higher than that with the oxy-fuel combustion and further CO2 capture. The specific CO2 emissions are equal to 103 g/kWh for the case of CO2 capture from syngas, 90 g/kWh for the case of CO2 capture from the exhaust gas and 9 g/kWh for the case of oxy-fuel combustion.
6
Content available Thermodynamic analysis of an innovative steam turbine power plant with oxy-methane combustors
Kindra Vladimir Olegovich, Osipov Sergey Konstantinovich, Zlyvko Olga Vladimirovna, Shcherbatov Igor Alexandrovich, Sokolov Vladimir Petrovich
Archives of Thermodynamics
|
2021
|
Vol. 42, no. 4
123--140
EN
The Rankine cycle steam turbine power plants make a base for world electricity production. The efficiency of modern steam turbine units is not higher than 43–45%, which is remarkably lower compared to the combined cycle power plants. However, an increase in steam turbine power plant efficiency could be achieved by the rise of initial cycle parameters up to ultra-supercritical values: 700–780˚C, 30–35 MPa. A prospective steam superheating technology is the oxy-fuel combustion heating in a sidemounted combustor located in the steam pipelines. This paper reviews thermal schemes of steam turbine power plants with one or two side-mounted steam superheaters. An influence of the initial steam parameters on the facility thermal efficiency was identified and primary and secondary superheater parameters were optimized. It was found that the working fluid superheating in the side-mounted oxy-methane combustors leads to an increase of thermal efficiency higher than that with the traditional boiler superheating in the initial temperature ranges of 700–780˚C and 660–780˚C by 0.6% and 1.4%, respectively.
7
Content available Metan z procesów Power to Gas – ekologiczne paliwo do zasilania silników spalinowych
Dobras S., Więcław-Solny L., Wilk A., Tatarczuk A.
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
|
2018
|
nr 104
97--105
PL
W artykule przedstawiono stan rynku sprężonego gazu ziemnego jako alternatywnego paliwa do zasilania silników w transporcie, zwrócono uwagę na wymagania dyrektyw Unii Europejskiej oraz obecny stan spełnienia złożonych deklaracji. Zwrócono uwagę na aspekt ekonomiczny i przedstawiono orientacyjne koszty przejechania 10 tys. km na różnych paliwach. Omówiono proces PtG (Power to Gas) wykorzystujący energię elektryczną (produkcja wodoru) oraz ditlenek węgla wychwycony ze spalin bloku węglowego do produkcji syntetycznego metanu. Zaprezentowano schemat instalacji ze wskazaniem jego najistotniejszych składowych, oraz zwrócono uwagę na wzajemne uzupełnianie się technologii PtG z technologią wychwytu ditlenku węgla. Przedstawiono korzyści płynące z produkcji syntetycznego metanu. Opisane zostało zastosowanie sprężonego gazu ziemnego do zasilania silników w pojazdach. Skupiono się na drodze jednopaliwowego zasilania CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) w silnikach autobusów i samochodów ciężarowych, zwracając szczególną uwagę na aspekt ekologiczny zastosowanych rozwiązań. Pokazano, iż stosowanie sprężonego gazu ziemnego pozwoli ograniczyć niemalże o 100% emisję cząstek stałych z procesu spalania. Podano wady i zalety zasilania alternatywnym paliwem. Następnie przeanalizowano aspekt dwupaliwowego zasilania silników wysokoprężnych na przykładzie mniejszego silnika. Pokazano stopień ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych związków z procesu spalania. Na koniec zwrócono uwagę na możliwy efekt skali, powołując się na ilość pojazdów silnikowych w Polsce.
EN
The article presents the current state of the CNG market used as an alternative fuel for car engines. Attention was paid to European Union directives requirements and the current state of the directives’ fulfillment. The economic aspect of CNG usage was analyzed and the approximate costs of driving 10,000 km on different fuels in the last four years were presented. The PtG process which uses electric energy (hydrogen production) and carbon dioxide captured from the flue gas for the production of synthetic methane were discussed. The scheme of the SNG plant with the indication of its most important components was presented, and attention was paid to the mutual complementation of PtG technologies with carbon dioxide capture technology. The benefits of synthetic methane production are presented and the use of compressed natural gas to power engines in vehicles has been described. First, the focus was on the single-fuel use of CNG in bus and truck engines, paying particular attention to the ecological aspect of the implemented solutions. It has been shown that the use of compressed natural gas will reduce almost 100% of the particulates emission from the combustion process. The advantages and disadvantages of the alternative fuel supply are given. Next, the aspect of dual-fuel use in diesel engines was analyzed on the example of a smaller engine. The degree of reduction of harmful compounds emission from the combustion process is shown. Finally, attention was paid to the possible scale effect, referring to the number of motor vehicles in Poland.
8
Content available Energy and economic analysis of the carbon dioxide capture installation with the use of monoethanolamine and ammonia
Bochon K., Chmielniak T.
Archives of Thermodynamics
|
2015
|
Vol. 36, no. 1
93--110
EN
In the study an accurate energy and economic analysis of the carbon capture installation was carried out. Chemical absorption with the use of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia was adopted as the technology of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from flue gases. The energy analysis was performed using a commercial software package to analyze the chemical processes. In the case of MEA, the demand for regeneration heat was about 3.5 MJ/kg of CO2, whereas for ammonia it totalled 2 MJ/kg CO2. The economic analysis was based on the net present value (NPV) method. The limit price for CO2 emissions allowances at which the investment project becomes profitable (NPV = 0) was more than 160 PLN/Mg for MEA and less than 150 PLN/Mg for ammonia. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to determine the limit price of CO2 emissions allowances depending on electricity generation costs at different values of investment expenditures.
9
Content available Wpływ natężenia przepływu gazu i cieczy na sprawność absorpcji CO2 w 30% roztworze monoetanoloaminy
Krótki A., Śpiewak D., Więcław-Solny L., Wilk A., Tatarczuk A.
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
|
2014
|
Nr 1
23--26
PL
Przedstawiono badania wpływu obciążenia kolumny absorpcyjnej gazem i cieczą na efektywność i energochłonność procesu absorpcji CO2 w 30% roztworze monoetanoloaminy. Instalacja laboratoryjna pracowała w sposób ciągły w układzie absorpcja-desorpcja. Badano strumień powietrza o zawartości 12+14% obj. CO2. Strumień gazu zmieniano w zakresie 3+6 mn3/h, a strumień cieczy absorbującej w zakresie 20+60 dm3/h. Moc grzałki kolumny desorpcyjnej zmieniano w zakresie 1500+3000 W. Określono sprawność usuwania CO2 z gazu oraz zapotrzebowanie cieplne procesu.
EN
Influence of gas and liquid flow on carbon dioxide absorption efficiency in 30% monoethanoloamine solution was presented in the paper. Research was carried out in a small laboratory installation working in a continuous mode. The study involved 3+6 m3n/h gas stream flow containing 12+14% carbon dioxide by volume in air and 20+60 dm3/h absorbent flow. A stripping column was heated by the electric heater with controlled power input between 1500 to 3000 W. The research allowed one to determine the CO2 removal efficiency and process heat demand per kg of CO2 removed.
10
Analiza możliwości integracji elektrociepłowni na parametry supernadkrytyczne z instalacją wychwytu dwutlenku węgla
Kotowicz J., Łukowicz P.
Rynek Energii
|
2013
|
Nr 4
56--61
PL
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję elektrociepłowni z turbiną upustowo-kondensacyjną na supernadkrytyczne parametry pary 30MPa/650◦C/670◦C. Przyjęto, że nominalną moc elektryczną 320 MW turbozespół ciepłowniczy będzie osiągał dla minimalnego obciążenia ciepłowniczego wynoszącego 50 MW. Przedstawiono podstawowe wskaźniki termodynamiczne tego bloku dla warunków projektowych oraz dla maksymalnego obciążenia upustu ciepłowniczego turbiny. Określono możliwości integracji tej elektrociepłowni z instalacją wychwytu dwutlenku węgla (CCS), wykorzystującą metodę absorpcji chemicznej. Przedstawiono sposób wyboru miejsca poboru pary, będącej nośnikiem ciepła grzejnego potrzebnego do regeneracji sorbentu w instalacji wychwytu. Przeanalizowano wskaźniki pracy elektrociepłowni zintegrowanej z instalacją wychwytu i porównano je ze wskaźnikami pracy elektrociepłowni bez CCS.
EN
The article presents a concept of a combined heat and power plant with a steam turbine operating on supercritical steam at parameters of 30MPa/650◦C/670◦C. Nominal electric power is assumed at 320 MW whereas the nominal heating power was set at 50 MW. An analysis between the design (nominal conditions) and an off-design point at a maximum heating power is carried out by means of thermodynamic coefficients. Possibilities of the power plant integration with a CO2 chemical absorption installation are examined in terms of heating steam extraction point selection since the carbon capture unit (CCU) requires heat for its operation. Finally a comparison between the plant without a CCU and a CCU equipped one is carried out by means of thermodynamic coefficients.
11
Content available remote The influence of CO2 capture and compression on the economic characteristics of a combined cycle power plant
Kotowicz J., Brzęczek M.
Journal of Power Technologies
|
2013
|
Vol. 93, nr 5
314--322
EN
This paper presents the results of an economic analysis of a triple-pressure combined cycle power plant with the steam reheater (3PR). The economic analysis was performed for two variants of the block - with and without the integration of the system with the installation of CO2 capture and compression. The structures of the triple-pressure combined cycle power plant with the steam reheater and CO2 capture and compression installation (CCS) was presented. The characteristic values of systems and the economic assumptions were summarized. An analysis of a break-even point (BEP), which was the minimum selling price for electricity, was performed. A sensitivity analysis of individual components to a break-even price of electricity and the impact of degradation of the efficiency and the power characteristics of the combined cycle power plant was conducted.
12
The Comparison of Microalgae and Different Crops in Biofuel Production
Zabochnicka-Świątek M., Sławik L.
Archivum Combustionis
|
2012
|
Vol. 32 nr 1-2
17--34
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