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EN
Purpose: The main purpose of the article is to assess the impact of regional variations in economic conditions on consumer attitudes and behavior during the crisis. The study was carried out using the example of Polish voivodeships. Design/methodology/approach: In order to implement the study goal formulated, an analysis of the indicators characterizing the economic and income situation of Polish voivodeships was conducted. The assessment of the crisis-related consumer attitudes and behaviors, including the regional variation thereof, was carried out based on a CATI survey of a randomly selected group of 1000 respondents in Poland, relative to 2023. The differentiation and disparity across voivodeships, with respect to the phenomena surveyed, was subjected to calculation. The surveyed objects were clustered using the Ward's method, to verify the impact of the economic differentiation and indicator levels on consumer attitudes and behavior during the crisis. Findings: Poland remains significantly regionally differentiated in terms of the economic level of voivodeships as well as household and consumer incomes. The crisis is clearly of no subsidy in reducing these disparities. Particularly substantial disparities are found between the poorest voivodships of eastern Poland and the richer ones of western Poland. The economic and income standing of the voivodeships is reflected in consumer attitudes and behavior. Concerns associated with the deterioration of the material position and income, often accompanied by reduced sense of security and stability of employment, are considerably more often expressed by residents of voivodeships characterized by inferior economic indicators and lower income. Research limitations/implications: The Implication behind the survey entailed the examination of whether the crisis has caused changes in the attitudes and behavior of Polish consumers, as well as whether their concerns and constraints have been influenced by the economic and income condition of the regions. Practical implications: The conclusions drawn in the study can serve as a useful tool for public and utility entity managers, enabling more effective application of remedial and intervention measures, relative to the residents of regions characterized by unfavorable economic conditions and crisis-related negative sentiment. Social implications: The article provides useful insights on the economic and income indicators, as well as the on impact of existing regional differences on consumer attitudes and behavior amid the crisis, which the voivodship managers as well as the central authorities in Poland should familiarize themselves with. Originality/value: The added value of the article lies in the evaluation of recent secondary and primary source data on the differences in the economic condition of the voivodeships in Poland, including the impact of these differences on consumer attitudes and behavior, relative to their work, financial situation and sense of security during the crisis.
EN
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to elucidate the multifaceted nature of the carbon dioxide emissions dilemma and underscore the urgent need for concerted action to mitigate their adverse effects. Design/methodology/approach: This paper elucidates the methodology of footprint research, outlining its key components, approaches and principles. It encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on various methodologies and tools to explore alternative futures and identify strategic opportunities. Combining multiple methods has provided a more complete and detailed understanding of complex interactions. Findings: This study aims to analyse the main indicators of the impact of the ecological footprint on the state of the environment, to determine their dynamics over time, to assess the prospects of the negative impact of humanity on nature. Emissions of greenhouse gases are of particular importance in this analysis. Research limitations/implications: Ultimately, the goal is to inspire action and advocacy for policies and practices that prioritize environmental stewardship, social equity and resilience in the face of climate change. The implications of this study uderscore the importance of stakeholder engagement and adaptive management for effective integration. Originality/value: The footprint of carbon dioxide emissions encompasses a broad spectrum of impacts, spanning environmental, economic, and social dimensions. At its core, the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, largely attributed to human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels and widespread deforestation, triggers a cascade of consequences with far reaching implications. These results could be especially interesting for researchers whose studies are interdisciplinary.
EN
Purpose: Assessing the impact of eleven components of social capital (SC) on economic development depending on the country's income level. Design/methodology/approach: The research covered 96 countries. They were divided in three groups composed of 32 economies, i.e., low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. The impact of eleven elements of SC was examined in the period 2008-2020. The economic development measures were GDP pc and GNI pc. The research methods were the Spearman's rank correlation and cluster analysis. Findings: Social capital in high-income countries is a more important factor in increasing economic development compared to low-income and middle-income countries. In three income groups, the same four components of SC are statistically significant and positive: government effectiveness as defined by the World Bank, reliance on professional management, state of cluster development and willingness to delegate authority. These dimensions of social capital can be called strategic success factors on the road to prosperity. Research limitations/implications: The main limitations are the availability of data on larger groups of countries over a sufficient long time and obtainig free access to more detailed social capital indicators. In the future, the authors intend to focus on the links between various components of SC occurring at different stages of economic development. This knowledge should help to formulate more precise guidelines for planning policies of improving SC in private and public sectors. Social implications: The research results indicate that such dimension of SC as honesty, egalitarianism, equality of treatment, and democratic decision making should be adopted as patterns of behaviour in both private and public sectors and in cooperation between them. Without this, social development, which includes economic development, cannot be accelerated. This happens because it is reflected in improving the effectiveness of organisational arrangements applied at the national level and in companies. Originality/value: There is still a need for more comprehensive research on the impact of social capital on economic development. In response to this need, this study examined eleven components of SC. The hope is that this research approach will result in a more holistic view of how social capital can influence economic development.
4
Content available A study of the pathway to peak carbon in China
EN
The achievement of the peak carbon target is a complex and comprehensive project that involves various aspects such as the economy, society, and ecological environment. At the same time as reaching the carbon peak, how to balance economic and social development has become an important issue. This study uses the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model to predict China’s carbon peaking situation. Three key parameters, namely carbon peaking, economy, and society, are selected, and relevant decision variables are established. A multi-objective planning model is developed to facilitate the coordinated development of carbon peaking, economy, and society, which is solved using a sequential algorithm. The results show that: China’s carbon emissions were 6928.905 million t in 2020 and are expected to reach the carbon peak in 2030. At the peak, the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is estimated to be 16 281.95 $, corresponding to a per capita CO2 emission of 9.66 t. During China’s carbon peak, the GDP is projected to be 23 249.58 billion $, with an arable land area of 121 747 510 ha and sulfur dioxide emissions of 180.64 million t, meeting the expected target values. However, certain indicators such as the ratio of three industries, energy consumption, rural residents’ per capita disposable income, and water consumption fall short of expected. Based on these findings, relevant countermeasures have been proposed for the realization path and key breakthroughs for China’s carbon peak.
EN
Purpose: The aim of the article is to indicate the macroeconomic factors and their potential impact on the economy in the conditions of crises in the regional system in Poland and in peripheral areas of the regions, based on the example of the Mazowieckie province. Design/methodology/approach: The study includes theoretical research on the impact of macroeconomic phenomena on development processes and empirical research on changes in macroeconomic indicators in crisis conditions. The research covered 314 communes and 37 districts in Poland and in the Mazowieckie province. The analytical and descriptive method of the impact of changes on the socio-economic development was used. Findings: Theoretical research proves that macroeconomic instability affects the course of economic processes. The increase in interest rates and inflation may limit investment activity and reduce the efficiency of management. This poses a threat to the company's and state's performance. Empirical research has shown that in Poland there has been a deterioration in the economic situation in the regions and in the peripheral areas of the regions. Research limitations/implications: The broad context of economic and social changes resulting from many crisis phenomena is a difficult subject of research. There are serious difficulties in accessing reliable sources and the continuity of source data, which limits research opportunities. Practical implications: Identification of changes in factors adversely affecting development and leads to the need to monitor the macroeconomic situation and current changes taking place in enterprises, and indirectly relates to social changes. Hence, it is necessary to conduct further research in a systemic perspective and to take appropriate remedial measures. Social implications: The research revealed the influence of negative factors on the phenomena taking place in the economy. The effects are wide-ranging and there is a risk of worsening both nationally and globally. Specific changes in the social sphere, including lowering the standard of living, are a derivative of crisis phenomena. The social consequences are already visible, further effects may occur in the future. Originality/value: (mandatory) The article raises the problems of economic development in the face of crisis phenomena. The instability of development in the conditions of significant macroeconomic changes requires detailed analyzes of conditions and effects in the long term.
6
Content available Stany Zjednoczone jako hegemon XXI wieku
PL
Globalne przewodnictwo na arenie międzynarodowej staje się jednym z najważniejszych celów najsilniejszych państw świata. Stany Zjednoczone jako hegemon XX i XXI wieku staje przed poważnym wyzwaniem, ponieważ pretendentów do objęcia hegemona jest coraz więcej. Na wyraźne prowadzenie w tych działaniach wychodzą Chiny. W celu zbadania potęgi Stanów Zjednoczonych w dwóch pierwszych dekadach XXI wieku, należy przedstawić rodzaj ustroju politycznego jaki panuje w tym mocarstwie, poziom rozwoju ekonomicznego, demograficznego, technologicznego i informatycznego oraz militarnego tego kraju. Dzięki powyższemu możemy wywnioskować czy Stany Zjednoczone posiadają stabilną pozycję hegemoniczną, czy jednak występują w tym mocarstwie elementy, które mogą zaważyć na przyszłości tego kraju. Istotnym elementem w prowadzeniu badań jest określenie głównych kierunków działań obecnego hegemona oraz wyszczególnienie obecnych sojuszy i tych które staja się żywotnym interesem Stanów Zjednoczonych.
EN
Global leadership on the world stage is becoming one of the most important goals of the world's strongest states. The United States, as the hegemon of the 20th and 21st centuries, is facing a serious challenge as there are more and more contenders to take over the hegemony. China is taking a clearl lead in this effort. In order to examine the power of the United States in the first two decades of the 21st century, it is necessary to present the type of political system that prevails in this superpower as well as the level of economic, demographic, technological, information technology and military development of that country. From the above, we can conclude whether the United States has a stable hegemonic position or if there are elements in this superpower that could affect the future of this country. When conducting research it is an important to identify the main directions of activities of the current hegemon and detail the current alliances and those that are becoming a vital interest of the United States.
EN
This article presents selected aspects of the existing land infrastructure system in Vietnam that are important for cross-border transport. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the first phase of the study, which includes the analysis of the condition of the logistics infrastructure that supports the processes of international trade in goods. This phase includes the identification and initial assessment of the usefulness of the components of the logistics system in terms of its functionality and economic efficiency. The results define the scope of work necessary for the proper preparation of the logistics system in Vietnam for the needs related to ensuring the desirable efficiency of logistics corridors connecting Vietnam with China and neighboring regional markets of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
EN
The article investigates the impact of force majeure crisis factors that appeared in the Ukrainian economy as a result of the global recession, the events of 2014-2021: annexation of Crimea, temporary occupation of part of the industrial territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, military operations in Donbas, during the fight against pandemic (COVID-19) and war in 2022 on the stable development of regions. Based on the analysis of official indicators of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, it was proved that the said factors create additional multiplier and acceleration effects that adversely affect the dynamics of the gross regional product in the crisis conditions. It has been determined that the result of these effects is the transformation of crisis signals from a proactive to an active phase. The construction of a heat map of GRP correlation indicators made it possible to determine the existence of a disbalance between the economic and social development of the regions. Building a model of linear regression, allowed us to draw conclusions about the existing disbalance of GRP regions during the crisis and war.
PL
Artykuł bada wpływ czynników kryzysowych o charakterze siły wyższej, które pojawiły się w ukraińskiej gospodarce w wyniku globalnej recesji, wydarzeń z lat 2014-2021: aneksja Krymu, tymczasowa okupacja części terenów przemysłowych obwodów donieckiego i ługańskiego, wojskowe operacje w Donbasie, walka z pandemią (COVID-19) i wojny w 2022 r. Na podstawie analizy oficjalnych wskaźników Państwowej Służby Statystyki Ukrainy wykazano, że czynniki te tworzą dodatkowy mnożnik efektów akceleracyjnych, które niekorzystnie wpływają na dynamikę produktu regionalnego brutto w warunkach kryzysowych. Stwierdzono, że skutkiem tych efektów jest przekształcenie sygnałów kryzysowych z fazy proaktywnej w aktywną. Konstrukcja wskaźników korelacji mapy cieplnej GRP pozwoliła na stwierdzenie istnienia dysproporcji między rozwojem gospodarczym i społecznym regionów. Zbudowanie modelu regresji liniowej pozwoliło na wyciągnięcie wniosków na temat istniejącej dysproporcji regionów GRP w okresie kryzysu i wojny.
EN
Bol is located on the island of Brač, therefore connecting Bol with the mainland or with the national road network is extremely important both for tourism and for the economy as a whole. Port Bol belongs to the ports of county significance and is managed by the Port Authority of Split-Dalmatia. In the town of Bol on Brač, there is a port open to public passenger traffic that connects the island of Brač with the mainland and the ports of the other islands. The existing port is characterized by limited capacity, dilapidation, and inadequate construction considering the demand of maritime traffic in the port. This paper will present the expansion of the port of Bol open to public traffic in order to create a high-quality harbor pier for public traffic, which would relieve the traffic burden of the city of Bol and the municipality of Bol and provide the local population with quality public transportation, which is currently not available, with as little as possible impact on the environment. The purpose of the project is not to make money, but to create content that will improve the quality of life of the local population and keep them in Bol in order to reduce the tendency of the "island dying". The local population is the main driver of the city's development and life. In order to improve the demographic picture, it is necessary to provide the local population with quality primary conditions for life and progress.
EN
The optimal taxation level and tax structure depend on numerous factors and enormously differ from country to country. However, the two mentioned tax policy instruments could ensure economic recovery and sustainable economic growth. This article aims to examine the effects of tax policy on economic development and evaluate the role of appropriate tax instruments in speeding up recovery. The results showed that tax level harms the GDP per capita growth rate in Central Europe and Baltic states over the 2000-2021 period. Another vital finding is the increase in both overall employment and investment to GDP ratio positively affected the real GDP per capita growth rates. In order to foster economic growth government might use tax cuts and other stimuli both for distortionary and non-distortionary taxes. The tax policy’s institutional potential should be improved to neutralize the adverse effects of COVID-19 impact and enhance macroeconomic sustainability.
EN
Economic growth and development with least harm to the environment is one of the biggest challenges for the human. Mining which is considered to be the most inherently unsustainable industry, is at the same time, plays key role in the development process in India and across Globe. It occupy primary position in the supply chain, contributing to the foreign direct investment, exports, government taxes, GDP (National Income) and provide huge labour employment. This paper studies industrial elimination of women, prolong industrial patriarchy, impetuous production, rising demand pressure has added to the quadrupling problems of land degradation, disposal of over burden/waste discharge, deforestation, pollution(air, water, and noise), and damage to forest flora and fauna, occupational health hazards and extreme global environmental damage in a rapid, continuous manner. These continuous and multi-layered problems are giving us reason to re-visioning steps, where we went wrong. Theoretical foundation of eco-feminism traces that negligence and suppression of women in general and in the mining industry, is one of the probable cause that hit environment fiercely. With this in mind, this paper suggests theory of eco-feminism into male centric mining industry as a perspective which is more likely to lead to industrial sustainability, making it more responsible and may provide pro-environmental solutions to the industry. This feminist concept extending it from individualistic level into mining organisations proposes as one of the alternative to combine ecology and commerce to envision sustainability.
PL
Wzrost gospodarczy i rozwój przy jak najmniejszej szkodliwości dla środowiska to jedno z największych wyzwań dla człowieka. Górnictwo, które jest uważane za najbardziej z natury niezrównoważony przemysł, odgrywa jednocześnie kluczową rolę w procesie rozwoju w Indiach i na całym świecie. Zajmuje podstawową pozycję w łańcuchu dostaw, przyczyniając się do bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych, eksportu, podatków rządowych, wzrostu PKB (Dochodu Narodowego) i zapewnia ogromne zatrudnienie. Ten artykuł bada przemysłową eliminację kobiet, przedłużanie patriarchatu przemysłowego, gwałtowną produkcję, rosnącą presję popytową, która przyczyniła się do problemów degradacji gruntów, usuwania nadmiernego obciążenia / odprowadzania odpadów, wylesiania, zanieczyszczenia (powietrza, wody i hałasu) oraz szkód flory i fauny leśnej, zagrożeń dla zdrowia w miejscu pracy i ekstremalnych globalnych szkód środowiskowych w szybki i ciągły sposób. Te ciągłe i wielowarstwowe problemy dają nam powód do rewizji działań, w których popełniliśmy błędy. Teoretyczne podstawy ekofeminizmu dowodzą, że zaniedbania i represje wobec kobiet w ogólności i w górnictwie są jedną z prawdopodobnych przyczyn działań, które mocno uderzają w środowisko. Mając to na uwadze, niniejszy artykuł przedstawia teorię eko-feminizmu w przemyśle wydobywczym zorientowanym na mężczyzn jako perspektywę, która z większym prawdopodobieństwem doprowadzi do zrównoważonego rozwoju przemysłu, czyniąc go bardziej odpowiedzialnym i może zapewnić prośrodowiskowe rozwiązania. Ta feministyczna koncepcja, rozszerzająca ją z poziomu indywidualistycznego na organizacje górnicze, proponuje jako jedną z alternatyw połączenie ekologii i handlu w celu osiągnięcia zrównoważonego rozwoju.
EN
Ukraine’s commitments under the international framework agreements to reduce CO2 emissions and the Global Climate Change Initiative provide the basis for the implementation of bioeconomy mechanisms in the country’s Energy Development Strategy until 2035. One of the goals of this strategy is to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and switch to alternative fuels. The agriculture of Ukraine is assigned the leading role in ensuring the replacement of fossil fuels with biomass of plant origin. The bioenergy potential of the agro-industrial sector of the economy requires extensive research in order to determine and integrate it into the country’s energy sector. The essential characteristics of energy efficiency in the context of the cluster model of organizing the activities of enterprises for the production of biofuel as stable interactions of geographically concentrated economic entities are investigated in this article. Peculiarities of introduction of bioenergy clusters as stable interactions of geographically concentrated business entities (enterprises, suppliers and organizations, including scientific institutions, etc.) have been determined according to a pre-defined and agreed development strategy for all participants without exception at the stage of formation of which the competitive environment is supported taking into account the energy, ecological and socio-economic parameters of the sustainable development of territories. A model of a territorial bioenergy cluster for the production of biofuels from crops and waste was formed and the advantages of creating bioenergy clusters were analyzed. Furthermore, a matrix of a PEST analysis of the formation of bioenergy clusters in Ukraine was formed.
PL
Zobowiązania Ukrainy wynikające z międzynarodowych umów ramowych dotyczących redukcji emisji CO2 oraz Global Climate Change Initiative stanowią podstawę do wdrożenia mechanizmów biogospodarki w Strategii Rozwoju Energetycznego kraju do 2035 roku. Jednym z celów tej strategii jest ograniczenie zużycia paliw kopalnych i przejście na paliwa alternatywne. Rolnictwu Ukrainy przypisuje się wiodącą rolę w zapewnieniu zastąpienia paliw kopalnych biomasą pochodzenia roślinnego. Potencjał bioenergetyczny sektora rolno-przemysłowego gospodarki wymaga szeroko zakrojonych badań w celu jego określenia i zintegrowania z energetyką kraju. W artykule zbadano podstawowe cechy efektywności energetycznej w kontekście klastrowego modelu organizacji działalności przedsiębiorstw do produkcji biopaliw jako stabilnych interakcji geograficznie skoncentrowanych podmiotów gospodarczych. Specyfika wprowadzania klastrów bioenergetycznych jako stabilnych interakcji skupionych geograficznie podmiotów gospodarczych (przedsiębiorstw, dostawców i organizacji, w tym instytucji naukowych itp.) została określona zgodnie z wcześniej zdefiniowaną i uzgodnioną strategią rozwoju dla wszystkich bez wyjątku uczestników, na etapie której wspierane jest kształtowanie konkurencyjnego otoczenia z uwzględnieniem parametrów energetycznych, ekologicznych i społeczno-ekonomicznych zrównoważonego rozwoju terytoriów. Stworzono model terytorialnego klastra bioenergetycznego do produkcji biopaliw z upraw i odpadów oraz przeanalizowano zalety tworzenia takich klastrów. Ponadto utworzono matrycę analizy PEST powstawania klastrów bioenergetycznych na Ukrainie.
EN
The article examines the theoretical principles of studying sustainability and security of public budget of the Visegrad Group countries and determines that indicators of the normal functioning of the economy and ensuring a decent social standard of living of the population are reaching the limits of relevant indicators, some of which are approved by international standards. At the same time, the authors identified the absence of a single system of macrofinancial indicators of sustainability and security of public budget proposing to create it, including twelve ratios reflecting levels of debt security, deficit load on the economy, debt load on the population, budgetary independence, efficiency, population well-being, productivity, economic efficiency, as well as the effectiveness of financial support for health and education, elasticity of income and expenditure from the change in GDP of the Visegrad countries. Analytical calculations of the above-mentioned macro indicators in the dynamics made it possible to draw qualitative conclusions on compliance with the sustainability and security of public budget of the Visegrad Group countries, identify possible threats to national economies and prevent the consequences in case of non-compliance with standards. Based on the results of correlation-regression analysis, the authors determined the indicators that have the greatest impact on the resultant factor-the ratio of the level of deficit load on the economy of the investigated countries. It made it possible to analyze the real situation in the economy, to determine the level of sustainability and security of public budget and to give the necessary suggestions and recommendations.
16
Content available remote Expert evaluation of road infrastructure management
EN
A dense and modern road network determines the proper functioning of trade-in economically developed countries. The aim of this article is to assess the influence of individual road infrastructure components on their performance in terms of traffic flow. To obtain a complete and comprehensive description of the problem, a mixed method of quantitative data analysis was used based on available statistical databases including information on linear and nodal infrastructure operating in the European Union. In light of the problem under consideration, a multi-stage statistical analysis was conducted. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to assess the heterogeneity of the data and estimate the parameters of the models to explain the various components of road infrastructure performance. In turn, based on the k-means classification analysis, groups of EU countries differing in road network performance were identified. The results indicated that the extracted road network factors contribute to improving the performance of road infrastructure in its various study areas.
PL
Gęsta i nowoczesna sieć drogowa warunkuje właściwe funkcjonowanie wymiany handlowej w krajach rozwiniętych gospodarczo. Celem pracy jest ocena wpływu poszczególnych składników infrastruktury drogowej na jej wydajność w aspekcie płynności ruchu przewozowego. Na potrzeby osiągnięcia kompletnego oraz kompleksowego opisu zagadnienia, w artykule zastosowano metodę mieszaną analizy danych ilościowych pozyskanych w oparciu o dostępne bazy statystyczne obejmujące informacje o infrastrukturze liniowej i punktowej funkcjonującej na terenie Unii Europejskiej. W świetle rozważanego problemu przeprowadzono wieloetapową analizę statystyczną. Do oceny heterogeniczności danych i do oszacowania parametrów modeli wyjaśniania poszczególnych składowych wydajności infrastruktury drogowej zastosowano analizę czynnikową oraz wielowymiarowej regresji liniowej. Z kolei w oparciu o przeprowadzoną analizę klasyfikacji metodą k-średnich zidentyfikowano grupy krajów unijnych różniące się wydajnością sieci drogowej. Wyniki wskazały, że wyodrębnione czynniki sieci drogowej przyczyniają się do poprawy wydajności infrastruktury drogowej w jej poszczególnych badanych obszarach.
EN
At the end of 2019, the new virus called Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread widely from China all over the world (including Europe). Most countries in Europe at the beginning of 2020 have been quarantined. The aim of the work is to develop the system dynamics model for assessing the impact of the different factors on the COVID-19 death rate in Europe. There were tested three hypotheses about factors of reducing the COVID-19 death rate with the help of linear regression analysis. The density of the population of European countries doesn’t affect the COVID-19 death rate. Also, COVID-19 death rate does not drastically affect mortality statistics. But the level of country’s economic development is a factor of COVID-19 death rate because in high developed countries the pandemic death rate is lower, regardless of the mechanisms of the spread of the disease and its impact on human health.
PL
Z końcem 2019 r. nowy wirus COVID-19 rozprzestrzenił się z Chin po całym świecie (w tym po Europie). Większość krajów europejskich wiosną 2020 r. wprowadziła powszechną kwarantannę. Celem tej pracy jest opra-cowanie modelu dynamiki systemu pozwalającego określić wpływ różnych czynników na śmiertelność z powodu koronawirusa w Europie. Za pomocą analizy regresji liniowej sprawdzono trzy hipotezy dotyczące czynników zmniejszających śmiertelność COVID-19. Jak się okazuje, gęstość zaludnienia w różnych krajach europejskich nie wpływa na śmiertelność z powodu COVID-19. Ponadto śmiertelność z powodu koronawirusa nie zwiększa w znaczący sposób ogólnych statystyk śmiertelności. Natomiast poziom rozwoju gospodarczego kraju jest już czynnikiem wpływającym na śmiertelności z powodu COVID-19, ponieważ w krajach wysoko rozwiniętych śmiertelność w wyniku pandemii jest niższa, niezależnie od mechanizmów rozprzestrzeniania się choroby i jej wpływu na zdrowie ludzi.
EN
The relationship between entrepreneurship, the economy and governance has become an essential multi-disciplinary research field. This study aims to assess the impact of economic development and good governance on entrepreneurship growth. Both effective governance and the quality of the regulatory environment are analysed. The study used panel data for the Visegrad Four countries from 2006 to 2019. Various econometric regressions were estimated, and the main results indicate that economic development and the quality of the regulatory environment are significant predictors of entrepreneurship growth. The results of the study have important implications for policymakers and entrepreneurs as it provides unique insights into the relationships between good governance and entrepreneurship.
PL
Związek między przedsiębiorczością, gospodarką i zarządzaniem stał się istotną multidyscyplinarną dziedziną badawczą. Niniejsze badanie ma na celu ocenę wpływu rozwoju gospodarczego i dobrego zarządzania na rozwój przedsiębiorczości. Analizie poddawane jest zarówno efektywne zarządzanie, jak i jakość otoczenia regulacyjnego. W badaniu wykorzystano dane panelowe dla krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej w latach 2006- 2019. Oszacowano różne regresje ekonometryczne, a główne wyniki wskazują, że rozwój gospodarczy i jakość otoczenia regulacyjnego są istotnymi predyktorami wzrostu przedsiębiorczości. Wyniki badania mają ważne implikacje dla decydentów i przedsiębiorców, ponieważ dostarczają unikalnych informacji na temat relacji między dobrym zarządzaniem a przedsiębiorczością.
EN
The aim of this paper is to specify the multiplier effects that are induced in the national economy in reference to the construction of Hyperloop lines in Poland using tunnel and trestle technology. In particular, we calculate the added value and employment growth for several industries that will contribute to the construction process. We use an input-output analysis that enables us to take the detailed structure of inter-industry linkages in Poland into account. According to our results, constructing a Hyperloop infrastructure in Poland would have the greatest stimulating impact on several sectors of the Polish economy, including crude oil and natural gas, metal ores, other mining products, building objects and construction work, products from other non-metallic raw materials, finished metal products, land and pipeline transport, and wholesale trade. However, this impact will be affected by the choice of construction technology (tunnel versus trestle). In addition, our calculations relate to particular routes of the potential Hyperloop network. This study contributes to the body of literature on transport infrastructures and public investments as well as Hyperloop technology development. Additionally, it contributes to the econometric methodology by employing an input-output analysis for forecasting the multiplier effects of constructing a Hyperloop system. This study has practical implications for the decision-making process on Hyperloop network development in the future.
20
Content available Decision-making Process in Manager's Work
EN
The article deals with the decision-making process in the efficient operation of a manager. The author presented a model of the decision-making process focusing on managers who nowadays will have to make more and more difficult strategic decisions.
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