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1

Wpływ masy ciała pacjenta na promieniowanie odbite podczas zabiegów na naczyniach wieńcowych

Tarnowska Monika, Tarnowski Michał

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2024

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Vol. 13, nr 5

487--489

PL

Angiografia wieńcowa, kluczowa w diagnozowaniu naczyń serca, jest wykonywana za pomocą zaawansowanych urządzeń wykorzystujących promieniowanie rentgenowskie, dzięki któremu generowane są docelowe obrazy. Większa masa ciała pacjenta zwiększa rozproszenie promieniowania jonizującego, co wymaga skuteczniejszej ochrony radiologicznej, takiej jak osłony i fartuchy ołowiane. Dodatkowo różnice w zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej między płciami wpływają na charakterystykę rozproszenia promieni, co ma kluczowe znaczenie przy dostosowywaniu parametrów technicznych procedury, jak napięcie anody czy czas ekspozycji. Optymalizacja tych parametrów jest niezbędna do minimalizacji ryzyka dla personelu oraz zapewnienia wysokiej jakości obrazów. Warto pokreślić potrzebę dalszych badań i rozwój technologiczny, by poprawić bezpieczeństwo i efektywność tych procedur.

EN

Coronary angiography, crucial for diagnosing the condition of heart vessels, uses an advanced angiograph to generate images. Increased body mass of the patient enhances the scattering of ionizing radiation, necessitating more effective radiological protection, such as lead shields. Additionally, differences in fat tissue content between genders affect the characteristics of radiation scattering, which is vital when adjusting technical parameters of the procedure, such as anode voltage or exposure time. Optimizing these parameters is essential to minimize risk to staff and ensure high-quality images. The need for further research and technological development to improve the safety and efficiency of these procedures should be emphasized.

2

The influence of chronic supply of vanadium compounds on organ weights and body mass in animal diabetes model (NZO)

Krośniak Mirosław, Szklarzewicz Janusz, Gryboś Ryszard, Tatar Barbara, Yildirim Metin, Sahin Bilge, Yuksek Nafize Didem, Ustundag Mustafa

Science, Technology and Innovation

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2019

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Vol. 4, no. 1

63--73

EN

Vanadium is an element that has an effect on improving glucose levels in animals with diabetes. However, its operation is strongly dependent on the chemical structure of compounds of this element. The influence of newly synthesized vanadium compounds on biochemical processes is also unknown. The paper presents the influence of eight new vanadium compounds on organ weights of animals (mice NZO) in whom diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet during 8 weeks. Tested vanadium complexes were administered by 5 weeks. After this time organs were collected and weighed. Tested complexes had a remarkable different effect on organ weights, despite having similar composition ([VO(L)(phen)] and the same co-ligand (1,10-phenanthroline) . This indicate on separate metabolic pathways of these compounds in the body of tested animals and role of the tridentate L Schiff base ligands. The compounds C2, C3 and C5 shoved biggest influence on organs weight and these results suggest influence on the metabolic pathways and therefore are interesting for further investigations.

3

Is it possible to reduce loads of the locomotor system during the landing phase of dance figures? Biomechanical analysis of the landing phase in Grand Jeté, Entrelacé and Ballonné

Gorwa Joanna, Michnik Robert, Nowakowska-Lipiec Katarzyna, Jurkojć Jacek, Jochymczyk-Woźniak Katarzyna

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 4

111--121

EN

The objective of the work was to determine biomechanical parameters influencing loads affecting the musculoskeletal system and shock absorption during the landing phase in Grand Jeté, Entrelacé and Ballonné. Methods: Motion kinematics measurements of the landing phase in GrandJeté, Entrelacé and Ballonné were carried out using the optical APAS system, and measurements of the GRF components – using Kistler platform. The research was carried out for three professional dancers. Kinematic and kinetic parameters of the landing were analysed. Results: The mean maximum GRF value in relation to the classical dancer amounted to 8.16 ± 1.37 N/BW. During landing, the joints of the lower limb are affected by external force moments of high values (ankle – 3.04 ± 0.54 [Nm/BW], knee – 7.56 ± 5.53 [Nm/BW], hip – 10.97 ± 6.80 [Nm/BW]). The maximum value of the external force moments in the joint were strongly negatively correlated with the value of the angle in the hip joint at the moment of the first contact with the ground. It was noticed that the obtainment of maxGRF was preceded by a decrease in kinetic energy of approximately 50%. Conclusions: Factors affecting loads present in the musculoskeletal system during the shock absorption of a leap are: GRF values, the values of external force generated inside the joints and a change in the value of kinetic energy. The safe shock absorption after landing is influenced by properly positioned limb at the moment of the first contact, a greater range of movements in the joints and longer time from the moment of the first contact to the obtainment of maxGRF.

4

Quiet standing postural sway of 10- to 13-year-old, national-level, female acrobatic gymnasts

Opala-Berdzik A., Głowacka M., Wilusz K., Kołacz P., Szydło K., Juras G.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 2

117--123

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine whether 10- to 13-year-old, national-level, female acrobatic gymnasts present a different quiet standing postural control (with and without visual cues) than untrained female peers. Methods: The mean velocity of the center of pressure (in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions) was computed from 60-s long quiet-standing trials on a stationary force plate in fifteen 10- to 13-year-old female acrobatic gymnasts and thirteen sex- and age-matched non-athletes. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (acrobatic gymnasts vs. non-athletes and eyes open vs. eyes closed) was used for the anterior-posterior and mediallateral COP mean velocity. The relation between subjects’ body mass and COP mean velocity was tested with the used Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. Results: Postural sway (represented by COP mean velocity) was not significantly different between the acrobatic gymnasts and the non-athletes ( p > 0.05), except for the faster medial-lateral sway in eyes-open conditions in the acrobatic gymnasts ( p < 0.05). The gymnasts’ body mass negatively correlated with their anterior-posterior sway velocity in both visual conditions (eyes open: r = –0.7; eyes closed: r = –0.6) and with medial-lateral sway velocity during eyes-closed trials (r = –0.5; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Results of the study indicate that in quiet standing postural control 10- to 13-year-old acrobatic gymnasts did not make use of their trained abilities. Heavier gymnasts might have been more stable than lighter ones during quiet standing.

5

Wzrost płoci (Rutilus rutilus L.) z rzeki Brdy

Dąbrowski J., Gackowski G.

Ekologia i Technika

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2016

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R. 24, nr 1

38--40

PL

Materiał do badań w liczbie 200 osobników płoci, w tym 112 samic i 88 samców pozyskano z dolnego biegu rzeki Brdy na terenie miasta Bydgoszcz. Płoć poławiano na wędkę na początku kwietnia 2014 r. Na każdym osobniku przeprowadzano pomiary długości ciała z dokładnością do l mm. Masę ciała określano z dokładnością do l g. Wiek oznaczano na podstawie łusek. Współczynnik kondycji obliczano za pomocą wzoru podanego przez Fultona, biorąc pod uwagę długość ciała w cm i masę całkowitą ciała w g. Samice płoci w porównaniu z samcami w poszczególnych grupach wieku osiągały podobne rozmiary długości ciała. Osobniki obu badanych płci w analizowanych grupach wieku charakteryzowały się zbliżoną masą ciała i kondycją. Płocie z rzeki Brdy na tle płoci pochodzących z innych środowisk słodkowodnych charakteryzowały się przeciętnym wzrostem długości i masy ciała.

EN

The research material of 200 specimens of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), including 112 female and 88 male specimens, was caught in the lower Brda River at the April 2014. Length of body of each specimen was measured with accuracy of l mm directly after the catch. Mass of body was measured with accuracy of 1 g. Age was established on the basis of scales. The condition of roach was calculated using the Fulton formula. Female specimens in comparison to males were similar body size of the age groups. Male and female specimens were achieved similar body mass and condition of the age groups. Roach from lower Brda River were of average growth in comparison to roach inhabiting other sweet water environments.

6

Quality of Individual Roe Deer Males (Capreolus capreolus L.) During the 5-Month-Long Hunting Season: Possible Impact on the Reproduction Rate

Czyżowski P., Karpiński M., Golema M., Drozd L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 2

291--296

EN

The aim of this study was to assess changes in parameters (body weight, fat stores, antler weight, serum creatinine level) describing the condition of individual roe deer males (Capreolus capreolus) in subsequent months of the hunting season. The idea was if the current timing of the buck hunting season affects the quality of specimens obtained from the population, which may result in distorting its reproduction-related processes. The study included 443 carcasses of bucks harvested in the Lublin region (Central Poland) from 2006 to 2011. The average carcass weight in May and June was significantly higher than in the other months. Perirenal fat weight and the kidney fat index (KFI) decreased with the progression of the hunting season. With regard to the average level of serum creatinine in blood, there was no definite trend in the variation of this parameter during the hunting season. However, a significantly higher average antler weight was observed in May compared to June. The shooting of a large number of bucks in the first weeks of the hunting season may cause the elimination of the best individuals in the habitat, which have established and maintained their territory and are fully prepared for reproduction. This results in a complete disruption of the social structure of the local deer population. A solution to this problem could be uniform distribution of volume harvested during the whole hunting season or postponing the hunting season for bucks until September, when the estrus season has finished, and the strongest males have passed on their valuable genes to the population.

7

Badania wpływu mikroklimatu podziemnego uzdrowiska w kopalni soli w Wieliczce na masę ciała, zawartość tkanki tłuszczowej i gospodarkę lipidową – doniesienie wstępne

Pośpiech S., Barcucha P., Damijan Z., Błaszczyk J., Czapkowicz-Pośpiech R.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2014

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Vol. 20, nr 4

204--216

PL

Celem badania była ocena wpływu podziemnego mikroklimatu kopalni soli na masę ciała, zawartość tkanki tłuszczowej i gospodarkę lipidową człowieka. Badanie przeprowadzono w Komorze Solnej „Jezioro Wessel”, znajdującej się 135 metrów pod ziemią, na poziomie trzecim Kopalni Soli w Wieliczce. Badaniem objęto 43 zdrowe dorosłe osoby. Każdego dnia pobytu dwukrotnie wykonywano pomiar masy ciała oraz zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej. Pomiary prowadzono 15 minut po dotarciu badanych do Komory Solnej i drugi raz 15 minut przed wyjazdem z kopalni. Przed rozpoczęciem badań i po ich zakończeniu uczestnikom pobrano krew obwodową z żyły łokciowej do analiz biochemicznych, obejmujących oznaczenie: cholesterolu całkowitego, cholesterolu HDL i trójglicerydów. Wykonane analizy wskazują, że 14-dniowe, 6,5-godzinne przebywanie w podziemnej atmosferze kopalni soli powoduje istotny statystycznie wzrost masy ciała, wzrost zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej, wzrost cholesterolu HDL i trójglicerydów oraz nieistotny statystycznie spadek poziomu cholesterolu całkowitego.

EN

The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the underground microclimate salt mine on the body mass, fatty tissue content and lipid balance. The research was performed in the Lake Wessel Chamber, situated 135 meters under the ground, on the 3rd level of Wieliczka salt mine. The studied group comprised of 43 healthy adult people. Each day of the stay in the salt chamber the body weight and fatty tissue content were measured. Before the examination and after it, the peripheral blood samples from elbow veins of the subjects were taken for further study. The blood tests included: the total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglycerides. Statistical analysis revealed that 14-day, 6,5-hour long exposure to the underground atmosphere caused a statistically significant increase: of the body weight, fatty tissue content and of the HDL. Statistically insignificant decrease of the total cholesterol and triglycerides was also observed.

8

Effect of lactic acid added to feeding medium on some biological features of fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

Mitrus J., Koczkodaj D.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2008

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Vol. 15, nr 11

1293-1300

EN

There is a large number of chemicals known to act as food preservatives. But there are only few of them in use which in law doses have antibiotic activity, do not influence physical properties or food taste, and they are save for the consumer. Acids constitute a large group among chemicals approved as food preservatives. It is evident that the effect of food preservatives depends on their applied concentration. However, the dose of food preservative should be in limits that are approved for the consumer's safety. The aim of the presented studies was the estimation of influence of lactic acid (LA), widely used in food preservation, on the body weight, fertility and sex ratio of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogasler). In the experiments, a wild tribe of the fruit fly was used. The fly was grown over ten generations on standard feeding medium lo which lactic acid was added at the concentration of 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 %. A control population was grown on medium without lactic acid. The experi-ments were carried out in three independent repetitions. The results were elaborated statistically by the use of Duncan test. A statistical verification of deviation of the predicted sex ratio (1:1), including all generations of control and experimental groups, was made using X2 test. The obtained results have shown that added doses of LA did not affect females' fertility, body weight or sex ratio of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogasler). It could be stated that LA is a very profitable additive, due lo its antimicrobial properties and improving quality of food for fruit fly.

PL

Znanych jest wiele związków chemicznych o działaniu abiotycznym, do konserwowania żywności. Jednak używane są tylko nieliczne substancje, które w dopuszczalnych dawkach w sposób ogólny lub wybiórczy uniemożliwiają rozwój drobnoustro-jów, nie wywołując zmian organoleptycznych i fizycznych żywności i nie oddziałując szkodliwie na człowieka. Wśród sub-stancji dozwolonych do konserwowania żywności znaczną liczbę stanowią kwasy. Wydaje się oczywiste, że oddziaływanie środka konserwującego ujawni się tym szybciej i wyraźniej, im większa jest jego dawka. Dawka substancji konserwującej, którą człowiek pobiera z pożywieniem, powinna mieścić się w wyznaczonych normach i nie działać szkodliwie. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu szeroko stosowanego w żywności kwasu mlekowego na masę ciała, plenność i strukturę płci muszki owocowej Drosophila melanogaster. W doświadczeniu użyto muszek szczepu dzikiego (Dz), które hodowano przez 10 pokoleń na pożywce standardowej (kontrola) oraz z dodatkiem trzech stężeń kwasu mlekowego (E270: 1.5, 2.0; 2.5 %). Wszystkie hodowle były w trzech powtórzeniach. Uzyskane wyniki opracowano za pomocą analizy wariancji oraz testu Duncana. Statystyczną weryfikację odchyleń od przewidywanego stosunku płci 1:1, łącznie dla wszystkich pokoleń grupy kontrolnej, jak i grup doświadczalnych, przeprowadzono za pomocą testu X2. Analiza otrzymanych da-nych wykazała, iż zastosowane dawki kwasu mlekowego nie wpływały statystycznie istotnie na plenność samic, masę ciała i strukturę płci Drosophila melanogaster. Można stwierdzić, że kwas mlekowy jest korzystnym dodatkiem do pożywki muszki owocowej, gdyż nie zakłóca jej podstawowych procesów życiowych.

9

Soil and litter macrofauna in shelterbelts and in adjacent croplands: changes in community structure after tree planting

Olechowicz E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

647-664

EN

Studies were carried out in the vicinity of Turew near Poznań (Western Poland) in the years 2003 and 2004 in three midfield shelterbelts of different age (150, 11, 6 years old) and along two transects across shelterbelt (6 and 11 years old) >ecotone> field at distance 15 and 50 m from the shelterbelt. The field located in deforested area was treated as the control. The studies were aimed at estimating the changes in community structure (composition, density, biomass) of soil and litter macrofauna, (mainly dipteran larvae), related to shelterbelt age both within shelterbelts as in adjoining fields. The results were compared to previous studies carried out in 1999-2000 in the same agricultural landscape. The density and biomass of soil and litter macrofauna were many times higher in shelterbelts (2824-870 ind. m[^-2] and 3782-521 mg.d.wt. m[^-2]) than in fields (483-53 ind. m[^-2] and 101-12 mg.d.wt. m[^-2]) and increased with the age of planted trees. The same was true for taxonomic richness. Ecotone zone of both transects was characterised by the greatest density and biomass of animals, mainly those of mobile epigeic animals, particularly the ants. The density and biomass values were declining in the field with the increasing distance from the shelterbelt. Across the transect of an older (10-11 years old) shelterbelt and adjacent field the density and biomass of studied animals were higher in all plots than across the younger (5-6 years old) one. It can be concluded, that the effect of the shelterbelt increases with age of planted trees. The results confirm the previous suggestions of the enhancement of the field macrofauna by forested strips. The highest similarity in taxonomic and dominance structure was found between the shelterbelts and their ecotones and they differed significantly from those in the field.

10

Effects of forested strips on spider assemblages in adjacent cereal fields: dispersal activity of spiders

Kajak A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

691-704

EN

Spiders are important components of agricultural ecosystems as far as they affect markedly the abundance of crop pests. The objective of the study was to determine whether the planting of forested strips (shelterbelts) in agricultural area enhances the biomass of spiders active on soil surface of cereal fields and if the exchange of individuals between these habitats depends on the age of trees. The investigations were carried on in 2000 and repeated in 2003/2004 along transects across young shelterbelts (2 -11 years old) - ecotones - fields. In the second period the 150 years old forest strip was included into the study. So altogether in both periods the study was performed in the strip-managed area in forested strips 2, 6, 7, 11, and 150 years old, adjacent cereal fields and in the control field located in a deforested area. The intensity of patrolling (number of individuals captured per trap per day) the soil surface by spiders was investigated using pitfall traps forming lines parallel to the shelterbelt. The results of both investigation periods show, that forested strips increased the biomass of patrolling spiders (BP - biomass of spiders per trap per day) in the fields. It was higher in the fields located in the strip-managed area than in the deforested area by ca 70%. The BP decreased gradually with the increasing distance from the strips. Differences between the strip and the field at a distance of 50 m were significant (two-way ANOVA, post hoc Turkey test). The reason for the higher BP in the fields adjacent to forested strips was mainly the dispersal of large spiders from strips to adjacent fields. Dispersal is high between the very young strip and the field and low between the oldest strip and the field. The group of forest inhabiting species accounted for 0.3-0.5% of the total number of spiders in the field located in deforested area. In the fields adjacent to young shelterbelts this proportion increases with the strips age from 1 to 6%. But in the field bordering the oldest forest strip it is low again and accounted for 1.4%. In this field the proportion of agrobionts is almost as high (94%) as in the field located in deforested area (98%). Similarly the species diversity was very low. The mean individual body mass of spiders from all the fields located in the strip-managed area was 2.7 times higher than in the control field (P<0.001). It can be concluded, that in the old forest strips the number of species, which don.t disperse to surrounding, increases. This conclusion may be important for landscape management.

11

Effect of sodium benzoate (E211) and sodium citrate (E331) on chosen biological characters of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

Mitrus J., Koczkodaj D.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2007

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Vol. 14, nr 8

847-853

EN

Searching of new methods for enhance of food quality, and extension of its shelf-life, in food industry various additives are used. Sodium benzoate is a widely used as food preservative for extending shelf-life of sauces, ketchups and soft drinks. Sodium citrate is applied as a acid regulator, stabilizer or an antioxidant. Usually it is added to jams, jellies, cheeses, and sausages. Both additives are often used simultaneously. The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) can be used for studies confirming safety of additives for food. In experiments the wild tribe of Drosophila melanogaster was used. The influence of two doses of sodium benzoate (E211) and sodium citrate (E331) added simultaneously to feed of fruit fly on its biology were investigated. Two concentrations of the feed additives were tested - lower: 0.8 mg o kg-1 of (E211), and 2.0 g kg-1 of E331, and higher: 1.6 mg kg-' of E211 and 4.0 g kg-' of E33. Simultaneously added to feed sodium benzoate (E211) and sodium citrate E331 (at doses: 0.8 mg o kg-' and 2.0 go kg-', and 1.6 mg . kg-' end 4.0 go kg -', respectively) had no effect on fertility in most of studied generations of wild tribe fruit fly. Used doses of E211 and E331 had no influence on population of most generations of fruit fly too, as well as on body weight of males and females. Only in two generations number of females and males was higher than in control population. Studied additives have no effect on inheritance of wild tribe of Drosophila melanogaster.

PL

W poszukiwaniu nowych metod technologicznych, pozwalających na podniesienie jakości produktu oraz przedłużenie jego trwałości, w przemyśle spożywczym stosowane są dodatki do żywności. Warunkiem stosowania danego dodatku do żywności jest stwierdzenie braku jego wpływu na zdrowie konsumentów. Wydaje się, że muszka owocowa (Drosophila melanogaster) może być dobrym obiektem dla prowadzenia tego typu badań. Celem przeprowadzonych dwuletnich eksperymentów była ocena wpływu benzoesanu sodu (E211) i cytrynianu jednosodowego (E331) na biologię dzikiego szczepu muszki owocowej. Badania prowadzono przez dziesięć pokoleń Drosophila. Benzoesan sodu jest powszechnie używanym konserwantem dodawanym m.in. do sosów, keczupów i napojów. Cytrynian jednosodowy jest stosowany jako regulator kwasowości, stabilizator oraz przeciwutleniacz. Najczęściej dodaje się go do dżemów, marmolad, galaretek, serów topionych, kiełbas i konserw mięsnych. Podczas przedstawionych badań zastosowano dwa stężenia powyższych dodatków do żywności: 0,8 mg o kg-' i 1,6 mg o kg- 1 benzoesanu sodu (E211) oraz 2,0 go kg-' i 4,0 go kg-' cytrynianu jednosodowego (E331). Z analizy otrzymanych danych wynika, iż przy dawkach minimalnych zalecanych (0,8 mg - kg-' E211 i 2,0 go kg-' E331) w żywności substancje te nie wpływały znacząco na plenność samic, masę ciała i strukturę płci Drosophila melnogaster.

12

Ocena wpływu konserwantu E-251 i E-252 na masę ciała, plenność oraz dziedziczenie płci muszki owocowej Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen)

Mitrus J., Stankiewicz C., Steć E., Kamecki M., Walo P.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2004

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R. 9, NR 1-2

99--104

PL

W doświadczeniu laboratoryjnym badano wpływ różnych dawek konserwantu E-251 (azotan sodu) oraz E-252 (azotan potasowy) na biologię muszki owocowej. Zastosowano trzy stężenia użytych w eksperymencie dodatków do żywności. Z analizy danych wynika, iż konserwanty te nie wpływały na plenność samic, masę ciała oraz strukturę płci Drosophila melanogaster.

EN

The influence of different doses of additives to food E 251 (sodium nitrate) E 252 (potassium nitrate) on the midge biology was studied in laboratory experiment. Three concentration of applied additives to food was used in experiment. The obtained data have shown that these preservatives not influenced on fecundity of females, body mass and heredity of sex.

13

Wpływ dodatków do żywności (E 330 i E 331) na plenność, liczebność, masę ciała i strukturę płci muszki owocowej Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen)

Stankiewicz C., Steć E., Mitrus J., Kamecki M., Walo P.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2001

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R. 6, NR 1-2

55--60

PL

W doświadczeniu laboratoryjnym badano wpływ dodatków do żywności (E 330 oraz E 331) na biologię muszki owocowej. W eksperymencie brano pod uwagę różne stężenia substancji, używanych jako dodatki do żywności. Na podstawie analizy wyników można stwierdzić, iż dodatki te działają hamująco na rozwój owadów badanego szczepu. Może to świadczyć o pewnej toksyczności tych substancji.

EN

In a laboratory experiment effect of additives (E 330, E 331) to food on the midge reproductive biology was examined. Each substance was used in different concentrations. The additives to food inhibited development of the midge that propably demonstrates the toxic character of these substances.

14

Ocena wpływu związków powierzchniowo czynnych zawartych w wybranych płynach do mycia naczyń na rozwój, plenność i masę ciała muszki owocowej DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Mitrus J., Stankiewicz C., Steć E.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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1998

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Vol. 5, nr 5-6

451-462

PL

W trzyletnim doświadczeniu (1994-1997) laboratoryjnym badano wpływ detergentów zawartych w płynach Ludwik, Kop, Floren, Brio, Sunlicht i E na biologię muszki owocowej. W eksperymencie brano pod uwagę dwa stężenia każdego z płynów. Z analizy danych wynika, iż detergenty z płynów Floren i Brio działają hamująco na rozwój owadów badanego szczepu. Może to świadczyć o pewnej toksyczności tych płynów.

EN

In the three-year (1995-1997) laboratory experiment effect of detergents from cleaning liquids Ludwik, Kop, Floren, Brio, Sunlicht and E on the midge reproductive biology was examined. Each liquid was used in two concentrations. The detergents from liquids Floren and Brio inhibited development of midge that probably demanstrates the toxic character of these liquids.