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1

Analiza rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń gazowych i pyłowych w powietrzu atmosferycznym na przykładzie zakładu Edison Next Poland Sp. z o.o.

Wierzbińska Monika, Piątek Natalia, Suchanek-Gabzdyl Ewa

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2025

|

Vol. 10 (30)

33--49

EN

The aim of this study is to analyze the spread of gaseous and particulate pollutants in the atmosphere emitted by Edison Next Poland Sp. z o. o. in Tychy. The analyzed emitter is 150 m high and 2.6 m in diameter and is an open point source. The analysis covered 1-hour and annual average concentrations of NO2, SO2, and PM10 dust, as well as dust fall values throughout the year. The immission values were calculated using the Ek100W program from Atmoterm, which is based on the Pasquill’s model and is recommended by the Polish Ministry of the Environment for analyzing air quality in facilities with emitters. The results obtained were compared with the applicable standards, which made it possible to determine whether the operation of the installation entails a risk of exceeding air quality standards. The Ek100W pro-gram also allows for graphical visualization of the results in the form of concentration isolines (immission values) plotted on maps, which facilitated the analysis. Both in the case of 1-hour and annual average immission analyses and dust fall, it was found that the maximum values recorded in the calculation grid are mainly concentrated in the north-eastern area northeast of the emission source, which clearly indicates the dominant role of wind directions in shaping the spatial distribution of concentrations. Despite local increases, even the highest values of the calculated concentrations of NO2, SO2, and PM10 dust do not approach the permissible levels specified in the applicable regulations. A comprehensive interpretation of the results obtained allows us to conclude that the plant located in Tychy meets the requirements of applicable air protection regulations and does not pose a threat to human health or the natural environment. Low emission and immission levels are the result of the use of modern combustion technologies and effective solutions to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. The results of the calculations also indicate the correctness of the calculation methodology used, based on the Pasquill equation, which allows for a reliable representation of the range and concentration of pollutants in the air.

2

The effect of hydrogen addition to traditional petrol engine fuel in a hybrid power plant on its environmental performance and fuel efficiency

Depczyński Wojciech, Marchenko Andrii, Mishchenko Svitlana, Mishchenko Mykyta

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 1

87--94

EN

The article is concerned with studying the impact of hydrogen additive on the traditional fuel of a petrol internal combustion engine (ICE) as part of a hybrid power plant on key indicators of its efficiency and environmental friendliness. The main attention is paid to the assessment of fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions within the NEDC driving cycle. The paper develops a mathematical model of the internal combustion engine's working process, which takes into account the addition of hydrogen to the fuel mixture and creates a model for determining the parameters of a hybrid powertrain in the NEDC cycle modes. The results of the study showed that every 2% addition of hydrogen to petrol reduces the specific effective fuel consumption by 2.8-3.5%, depending on the speed mode. It was found that the hybrid system provides effective energy recovery during braking, which contributes to the overall efficiency of the system. The study confirms the prospects of using hydrogen as an additive to traditional fuels to improve the environmental friendliness and efficiency of transport, reduce CO₂ emissions and decarbonise the transport sector. The developed calculation methodology can be used for further research and implementation of new technologies in the field of hybrid powertrains.

3

Performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled by Tiska 68-based synthetic fuel blends

Mouzong Bongne Francis, Bencherif Mohamed, Ayissi Merlin Zacharie

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 2

34--43

EN

This work compares and studies the performance and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine fuelled by diesel and blends of a fuel derived from used industrial oil. Tiska 48 used industrial oil is used as raw material. By transesterification of this oil, biodiesels were created and combined with diesel in proportions of 15%, 30% and 45%. Diesel engine emissions, performance, and combustion were calculated at a nominal speed of 1600 rpm and load variation. The procedure and experimental design for extracting the new fuel by transesterification are described in detail. The first part of the study focused on the identification and physicochemical characterization of the fuels in order to establish selection criteria for direct use on an engine test bench. The characteristics studied were liquid density, kinematic viscosity, dynamic liquid viscosity, acid number and flash point. A set of three mixing ratios was selected for fuel synthesis. The second part was devoted to bench tests carried out on a Kipor 178F diesel engine. Synthetic fuels were tested with 15%, 30% and 45% BT 68 fuel blends. A comparative study was carried out, highlighting engine performance and NOx, CO, BFCS and EGT emissions for each fuel used. Blending pure diesel with synthetic fuel reduced carbon monoxide and NOx emissions by 85% and 65%, respectively. The BFCS of the biodiesel combinations is in perfect agreement with that of pure diesel but slightly higher (around 9.12%) overall.

4

Multi-criteria analysis of the emission of harmful compounds from a marine diesel engine fueled with a mixture of marine fuel and n-butanol

Bogdanowicz Artur, Socik Paweł, Zadrąg Ryszard, Zacharewicz Marcin, Wirkowski Paweł

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 4

9--15

EN

The article analyses in detail the impact of adding n-butanol to marine fuel on the emission of harmful compounds in diesel engines used in maritime transport. The applied multi-criteria analysis showed that introducing n-butanol as a fuel additive can significantly reduce the emission of substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2), which consequently reduces the negative impact on the natural environment. In addition, the studies confirm that the mixture does not affect the operational efficiency of engines, which means that it can be used without the need to introduce major changes to the infrastructure or to the vessels themselves. Nevertheless, the authors emphasise that further research is necessary, especially at higher concentrations of n-butanol, to optimise this method in terms of long-term ecological and economic benefits and to ensure its full effectiveness. The conclusions indicate the potential of this technology, but they emphasise that it will be crucial to carry out additional tests to minimise the risk of possible negative side effects.

5

Environmental assessment of the use of emulsion explosives in underground iron ore mining

Khomenko Oleh, Kononenko Maksym, Myronova Inna, Kosenko Andrii, Cabana Edgar Caceres

Mining Machines

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2024

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vol. 42, iss. 1

49--58

EN

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of usingTNT-free explosives (E) in the iron ore mining sector in Ukraine. It delves into thedevelopment and application of a specific type of emulsion explosive known as "Ukrainit," which is free from TNT, with the objective of its adoption in underground iron ore mining operations. Pilot blasting activities were carried out at PJSC "ZaporizhzhiaIron Ore Plant" (PJSC "ZIOP"), selected for its state-of-the-art equipment and advanced ore extraction technology.Through examination of ground-level concentrations of environmentally hazardous substances, the study revealed that the highest levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and dioxide were observed in 2008 when underground mining operations exclusively used100% TNT-containing E. However, by the year 2020, a situation changedwith implementation of a blend comprising 78% "Ukrainit" type EE and 22% TNT-containing explosives, resulting in anotable decrease in the maximum concentrations of environmentally hazardous substances compared to 2008. Specifically, carbon monoxide leveldecreased by 5.0–5.5 times, while nitrogen oxide and dioxide levels decreased by 1.2–1.3 times.Furthermore, useof "Ukrainit" type EE at PJSC "ZIOP" led to a 1.5 times decrease in the environmental hazard index on average (reduced to 36%) compared to the usage of TNT-containing E. These findings underscore the significant environmental benefits associated with the adoption of TNT-free explosives in iron ore mining operations, particularly in mitigating the release of harmful substances and reducing environmental risks.

6

Cykl: Emisje w logistyce. Cz. 1, Podstawy liczenia emisji w logistyce

Brzeziński Paweł

Logistyka

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2024

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nr 1

20--25

PL

Rzetelny pomiar emisji gazów cieplarnianych jest sporym wyzwaniem. W powszechnej, codziennej i masowej logistyce właściwie jest to nieosiągalne. Można emisje mierzyć w warunkach laboratoryjnych (które i tak mogą odstawać od rzeczywistych) lub w sposób ciągły – w specjalistycznych instalacjach (np. w elektrociepłowniach czy spalarniach śmieci).

7

The problem of emission of total particulate matter and heavy metals from tribological systems in vehicles

Laskowski Piotr, Zimakowska-Laskowska Magdalena

Combustion Engines

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2024

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R. 63, nr 3

13--19

EN

The article presents the problem of particulate matter and heavy metal emissions from the tribological systems (road abrasion, brake and tyre wear) road of cars equipped with internal combustion engines (ICEs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrids and plug-in vehicles (PHEVs). The results of mathematical modelling carried out for obtaining of the emissions of particulate matter and heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn, resulting from road abrasion, brakes and tyre wear, are presented. Emissions are shown depending on the average speed and type of traffic (traffic in the city (urban), outside the city (rural) and on the highway) and the type of vehicle.

8

Exhaust emissions from a jet engine powered by sustainable aviation fuel calculated at various cruising altitudes

Kurzawska-Pietrowicz Paula, Maciejewska Marta, Jasiński Remigiusz

Combustion Engines

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2024

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R. 63, nr 3

62--67

EN

The article focuses on emission analysis of non-CO2 pollutions from aircraft engines on different flight levels: FL240, FL300 and FL350. The calculation was made based on the A320 flight from Berlin to Lisbon at flight level 350, which was the reference flight level in the analysis. Four sustainable aviation fuels have been taken into consideration: biofuel from jatropha and biofuel from camelina, which are used in different percentages of fuel: 20% of CSPK and JSPK and 40% of CSPK and JSPK. The results showed that the lowest emission of carbon monoxide is on the lowest tested flight level for flight on biofuel, and the lowest emission of nitrogen oxides is for Jet A-1 on the lowest tested flight level. Emission of every toxic gas compound has been compared to conventional jet fuel on flight level 350 to show the differences between flight levels.

9

Prediction and comparative analysis of emissions from gas turbines using random search optimization and different machine learning-based algorithms

Aslan Emrah

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 6

art. no. e151956

EN

Gas turbines are widely used for power generation globally, and their greenhouse gas emissions have increasingly drawn public attention. Compliance with environmental regulations necessitates sophisticated emission measurement techniques and tools. Traditional sensors used for monitoring emission gases can provide inaccurate data due to malfunction or miscalibration. Accurate estimation of gas turbine emissions, such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, is crucial for assessing the environmental impact of industrial activities and power generation. This study used five different machine learning models to predict emissions from gas turbines, including AdaBoost, XGBoost, k-nearest neighbour, and linear and random forest models. Random search optimization was used to set the regression parameters. The findings indicate that the AdaBoost regressor model provides superior prediction accuracy for emissions compared to other models, with an accuracy of 99.97% and a mean squared error of 2.17 on training data. This research offers a practical modelling approach for forecasting gas turbine emissions, contributing to the reduction of air pollution in industrial applications.

10

Analiza zamienności paliw stałych dla kotłów grzewczych małej mocy w aspekcie ich wskaźników ekonomicznych i ekologicznych

Kinalska Dobrosława, Ciupek Bartosz, Bartoszewicz Jarosław

Rynek Energii

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2023

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Nr 6

40--48

PL

Niniejsza praca naukowa dotyczy wyników badań związanych z analizą zamienności paliw stałych dla kotłów grzewczych małej mocy. Opracowanie skupia się na wskaźnikach ekologicznych oraz ekonomicznych wybranych paliw stałych konwencjonalnych i odnawialnych. Wyniki badań dają wgląd w proces spalania konkretnych paliw biomasowych w oparciu o analizę techniczną, a także badania emisji substancji szkodliwych. Otrzymane rezultaty badań cieplnych oraz emisyjnych posłużyły do określenia średnich stężeń masowych emitowanych substancji szkodliwych oraz do oszacowania średnich parametrów cieplnych kotła, takich jak moc, sprawność i temperatura spalin. Zestawienie zebranych parametrów umożliwiło stworzenie szerszego obrazu procesu spalania biomasy, określenie konsekwencji środowiskowych używania badanych wsadów oraz oszacowanie wpływu zmiany obecnie eksploatowanych paliw kopalnych na biomasę. Przedstawiona analiza ekonomiczna pozwoliła także zauważyć potencjał ekonomiczny w przypadku słomy z pszenicy jako paliwa biomasowego.

EN

The present research work concerns the subject of the analysis of the interchangeability of solid fuels in low-power boilers. The study focuses on ecological and economic indicators of selected conventional and renewable solid fuels. The results provide insight into the combustion process of speciﬁc biomass fuels created on the basis of technical analysis and fuel interchangeability analysis as well as the research on the emission of harmful substances. The obtained results of thermal and emission tests were used to determine the average mass concentrations of emitted harmful substances and to estimate the average thermal parameters of the boiler, such as power, efﬁciency and ﬂue gas temperature. The summary of the collected parameters enabled the creation of a broader picture of the biomass combustion process, allowed for the estimations of the environmental consequences of the use of the tested feedstocks and revealed the predicted impacts of changing the currently used fossil fuels on biomass. The presented economic analysis also revealed the proﬁtable potential of wheat straw as a biomass fuel.

11

Technology for increasing the level of environmental safety of iron ore mines with use of emulsion explosives

Khomenko Oleh, Kononenko Maksym, Myronova Inna, Kovalenko Ihor, Cabana Edgar Caceres, Dychkovskyi Roman

Mining Machines

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2023

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vol. 41, iss. 1

48--57

EN

Laboratory and industrial studies have established the total impact of environmentally hazardous substances, taking into account the distance from the source of emissions and the specific consumption of explosives. With the help of physicochemical analysis and biological testing, the dependence of the change in the conditional indicator of damage to bioindicators with an increase in the distance from the source of emission and the specific annual consumption of explosives was revealed. A methodology for calculating the environmental assessment of the state of atmospheric air around the mine ventilation shaft has been developed. The exponential dependence of the influence of surface concentrations of environmentally hazardous substances on the damage of bioindicators at the cellular and organismic levels has been established, which makes it possible to assess the state of atmospheric air at industrial sites of iron ore mines. The proposed technology of sand drilling, which involves the use of emulsion explosives in mining ore deposits in chamber development systems will reduce emissions of environmentally hazardous substances into the atmosphere and increase the level of environmental safety of iron ore mines.

12

Niezawodność uszczelek PTFE w instalacjach biopaliwowych - badania i prognozy

Romanik Grzegorz, Struś Mieczysław, Jaszak Przemysław, Sierpowski Korneliusz

Instal

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2023

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nr 12

26--31

PL

Biopaliwa zaliczane są do grona odnawialnych źródeł energii. Produkcja biopaliw do celów wykorzystania w silnikach spalinowych może zapewnić ich rozwój technologiczny oraz mieć wpływ ekonomiczny na sektor OZE i przemysł rolniczy, jednak ich wykorzystanie nadal stanowi istotny problem w eksploatacji tych silników. W artykule zbadano interakcję wybranych biopaliw z uszczelkami. Badane biopaliwa wyprodukowano z surowców odpadowych przemysłu spożywczego - tłuszczów i olejów. W artykule przedstawiono wpływ biopaliw na uszczelki złączy kołnierzowych, podczas badań trwałościowych. Materiał uszczelek (PTFE) został przetestowany zgodnie z normami DIN 28090-3:2014-11 i DIN28091-2. W czasie 1000 godzin badań w temperaturze 353 K mierzono ubytek masy biopaliwa oraz zmianę wydłużenia (naprężenia rozciągającego) śrub kołnierzowych. Określono stopień wycieku paliwa. Po badaniach sprawdzono uszczelkę i nie stwierdzono rozwarstwień. Wartość emisji lotnych biopaliw oraz stopień wycieku paliwa po 1000 godzinach odpowiadały normom DIN. Stwierdzono, że badane materiały uszczelniające mogą mieć kontakt z mieszaniną benzyna - etanol oraz mieszaniną oleju napędowego i estrów metylowych i etylowych.

EN

The biofuels are concerned as one of the Renewable Sources of Energy. Production of biofuels for transportation purposes may provide additional technological development and economical impact on agricultural industry, but their usage is still a vital problem for vehicle exploitation. In this paper an interaction between chosen biofuels and gaskets was researched. Tested biofuels were produced using waste materials from food industry - fats and oils. Biofuels influence on pipes and especially gaskets and its materials during durability tests are shown in this paper. PTFE gasket materials were tested in accordance with DIN 28090-3: 2014-11 and DIN28091-2. During 1000 hours of tests at 353 K, the weight loss of the biofuel and the change in elongation (tensile stress) of the flange bolts were measured. Fuel leakage rate was determined. After tests the gasket was checked and no delamination was observed. The value of volatile biofuels emission and fuel leakage rate after 1000 hours met the DIN standards. It was concluded that researched gasket materials may be allowed for contact with gasoline - ethanol mixture and mixture of diesel and methyl and ethyl esters.

13

Fuel consumption and CO2 emission analysis of hybrid and conventional vehicles in urban driving conditions

Skuza Adriana, Szumska Emilia, Jurecki Rafał

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

48--55

EN

Hybrid vehicles are a good solution for a smooth transition towards electromobility. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between route parameters and fuel consumption and emissions of harmful exhaust components of vehicles with a conventional and hybrid drive system. As a result of simulation tests, values for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for HEV and ICEV vehicles were obtained in 28 trips in urban conditions. The average fuel consumption achieved by the hybrid was 53% lower than that of a conventional vehicle. When analysing the average value of CO2 emissions, the hybrid showed a 54% lower value than a conventional vehicle. Using statistical methods, the relationship between the route parameters and the operational parameters of the vehicle was determined. It has been shown that the route parameters strongly correlate with the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of a conventional vehicle. In the case of hybrid vehicles, there was a weaker relationship between these parameters.

14

Analysis of jatropha oil-kerosene fuel mixtures on the performance of a variable-load direct injection CI engine

Ejilah Robinson I., Ogbaneme Abiodun A., Agboneni Osazoduwa O., Adekunle Sikiru O.

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 1

11--18

EN

Jatropha oil was blended with kerosene in ratios; JOK0, JOK20, JOK30, JOK40 and JOK50 and benchmarked against conventional diesel fuel. The blended fuel samples was test-run on a TD110-TD115 TQ small CI engine test rig, and emission levels for the fuel samples were examined using an SQV automobile exhaust gas analyser. The JOK20 fuel sample offered a better performance in terms of higher BP, BTE, and EGT followed by; JOK30, JOK40 and JOK50 blends; and also exhibited lower SFC, BSEC and AFR, hence less fuel consuming than diesel fuel. A reduction in CO emission was recorded for JOK20, and a significant cut was also observed for JOK30, JOK40 blends with load increase.; while, JOK30, JOK40 and JOK50 samples exhibited higher CO2 and lower UHC emission levels than diesel. No traceable level of NOx emission was recorded for JOK20 fuel sample.

15

Effect of Karanja biodiesel blends on the characteristics of diesel engine

Yadav Sandeep, Kumar Amit, Chaudhary Abhilasha

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

|

z. 115

249--264

EN

Extensive research is being conducted to create and use a wide range of alternative fuels to accommodate the world's growing energy needs. The objective of this experimental investigation was to analyze the effects of Karanja biodiesel blends on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine vis-a-vis neat diesel. Important physical parameters of Karanja oil were examined experimentally after transesterification and determined to be within acceptable limits. BTE of Karanja biodiesel blends was about 3-8% lower than diesel. For Karanja biodiesel blends, BSFC was about 2-9% higher than diesel but exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency were lower. Emissions characteristics such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide were also analyzed for various tested fuels. Karanja biodiesel blends resulted in lesser CO and HC formation. Nonetheless, NOx emissions were around 10% greater than diesel. Peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and maximum rate of pressure rise versus crank angle were among the combustion characteristics parameters considered in this study. Combustion analysis revealed that for Karanja biodiesel blends heat release rate and peak cylinder pressure were lower than for neat diesel. Findings indicate that Karanja biodiesel can be considered a viable diesel engine fuel.

16

Application of the biomass as a construction material of the oil filter and its influence on the performance and emission characteristics

Puškár Michal, Tarbajovský Pavol, Šoltésová Marieta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

|

z. 116

237--245

EN

Engine emissions can be reduced by performing suitable modifications to the oil filter. Biomass medium served as the replacement for the standard paper fibres, which are used in common oil filters. The experimental analysis of 4 emission elements showed a moderate increase in the case of 2 emission characteristics, whereby a 10% increase in monoxide was present, and also, an increase of 2.5% of nitrogen oxides was observed. Further, there was a significant reduction of 2 other emission elements, namely the unburned hydrocarbons decreased by 61%, and the amount of particulate matter was reduced by 18%. Measured engine power increased by 1.2% using the modified oil filter, which proves the success of this filter. There was a decrease in oil pressure as well, the value dropped by 0.5 bar during the whole period of the measuring process.

17

Odoranty jako składowa emisji wodociągów

Żądło Laura

Wodociągi - Kanalizacja

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2022

|

nr 11

22--25

18

Kompensacja i redukcja emisji dwutlenku węgla w lotnictwie międzynarodowym

Kłopotowski Eryk, Cwojdziński Leszek

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2022

|

R. 77, nr 8/9

38--45

PL

Zrównoważony rozwój, czyli spójność postępu gospodarczego i społecznego z ochroną środowiska, to cele, które należy osiągnąć w drodze do zapobieżenia globalnej degradacji środowiska. Redukcja emisji szkodliwych związków i hałasu jest aktualnym problemem poruszanym w różnych branżach gospodarki. Za pośrednictwem Organizacji Międzynarodowego Lotnictwa Cywilnego (ang. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization) sektor lotniczy na całym świecie jest zaangażowany w wypełnianie swoich zobowiązań w zakresie redukcji emisji szkodliwych związków do atmosfery przez statki powietrzne. Pomimo dynamicznego rozwoju sektora bezzałogowych statków powietrznych lotnictwo załogowe pozostaje wiodącym środkiem transportu osobowego i towarowego w lotnictwie cywilnym. Wobec emisji związków negatywnie oddziałujących na środowisko naturalne przez samoloty, na poziomie światowym za niezbędne uznano podjęcie kroków zmierzających do realnego ograniczenia destruktywnego dla natury funkcjonowania lotnictwa. Organizacja Międzynarodowego Lotnictwa Cywilnego (ICAO) opracowała program wprowadzający nowe podejście do ograniczania negatywnych skutków dla środowiska naturalnego pod nazwą CORSIA (ang. Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation). W artykule przedstawiono zasady jego działania oraz realizacji, a także fazy projektu. Wskazano praktyczny wpływ programu CORSIA na operatorów statków powietrznych oraz przykładowe koszty dla operatorów związane z realizacją projektu. Poruszony został również aspekt wzajemnego współistnienia dla programu CORSIA i unijnego systemu handlu uprawnieniami do emisji CO2 (EU-ETS). Europejski System Handlu Emisjami – znany także jako „wspólnotowy rynek uprawnień do emisji dwutlenku węgla ” lub system ETS. Jest pierwszym, do 2017 r. największym a obecnie największym po Chinach systemem handlu emisjami CO₂ na świecie.

EN

Sustainable development, i.e. the coherence of economic and social progress with environmental protection, are goals that must be achieved in order to prevent global environmental degradation. Reducing the emission of harmful compounds and noise is a current problem raised in various sectors of the economy. Through the ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization, the aviation sector worldwide is committed to meeting its commitments to reduce air emissions from aircraft. Despite the dynamic development of the unmanned aerial vehicle sector, manned aviation remains the leading means of passenger and cargo transport in civil aviation. In view of the emission of compounds having a negative impact on the environment by airplanes, it was deemed necessary at the global level to take steps aimed at a real limitation of the functioning of aviation, which is destructive to the nature. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has developed a program that introduces a new approach to reducing negative effects on the environment called CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation). The article presents the principles of its operation and implementation, as well as the project phases. The practical impact of the CORSIA program on aircraft operators and examples of costs for operators related to the implementation of the project were indicated. The aspect of mutual coexistence for the CORSIA program and the EU CO2 emissions trading system (EU-ETS) was also raised. European Emissions Trading Scheme - also known as the "Community carbon market" or the ETS. It is the first, by 2017, the largest and currently the largest, after China, CO₂ emissions trading system in the world.

19

Zgoda na emisję z instalacji

Górski Marek

Przegląd Komunalny

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2022

|

nr 12

14--16

PL

Eksploatacja każdej instalacji prawie zawsze wiąże się z dokonywaniem emisji do środowiska. Emisja nie jest cechą charakterystyczną tylko instalacji służących spalaniu paliw. Przepisy regulują sposoby rejestracji i zarządzania różnymi jej rodzajami.

20

Badania emisji hałasu do środowiska przez pracujące urządzenia wiertnicze zgodnie z wymaganiami PN i UE

Buczek Janusz, Balawajder Zbigniew, Kwilosz Tadeusz

Nafta-Gaz

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2022

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R. 78, nr 10

752--759

PL

Wierceniu otworów w górnictwie naftowym towarzyszy emisja hałasu wytwarzanego przez urządzenia wiertnicze. Proces wykonywania otworu wiertniczego, na który składają się operacje wiercenia, zapuszczania i wyciągania kolumny przewodu wiertniczego oraz prace pomocnicze podzespołów urządzenia wiertniczego, pomp płuczkowych, agregatów prądotwórczych i urządzeń pomocniczych, wywiera znaczny wpływ na kształtowanie się poziomu hałasu w otoczeniu wiertni. W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące hałasu w środowisku wiertni oraz rozkład poziomu hałasu w środowisku otaczającym urządzenie wiertnicze. Wykonano pilotowe badania hałasu podczas pracy urządzenia wiertniczego typu Bentec EURO RIG 450 na wiertni X. Wyniki pomiarów przedstawiono w tabelach oraz na mapie rozkładu poziomu hałasu w otoczeniu wiertni. Do badań użyto zestawu aparatury pomiarowej posiadającej aktualne świadectwa wzorcowania. Pomiary wykonano według odpowiednich procedur w czterech kierunkach co 90° w odległości 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m oraz w sąsiedztwie budynków mieszkalnych. Do generowania przestrzennych rozkładów poziomu hałasu użyto metod geostatycznej analizy danych. Zastosowano metodę krigingu bazującego na wartościach zmierzonych w punktach pomiarowych oraz parametrach przestrzennego rozkładu takich jak korelacja i wariancja. Mając wygenerowaną mapę rozkładu poziomu hałasu w postaci wartości na siatce modelu, można dokonać kwalifikacji punktów siatki, w których poziom hałasu jest dopuszczalny lub przekroczony. Jakość wykonywanych pomiarów na urządzeniu wiertniczym w czasie operacji wiertniczych ma decydujące znaczenie dla analizy zagrożeń hałasem. Opracowano program obliczeniowy pozwalający na szybką analizę wprowadzonych danych. Arkusz pozwala w prosty i szybki sposób wyliczyć podstawowe parametry oceny hałasu oraz oszacowania niepewności uzyskanych wyników. Wszystkie formuły zastosowane w algorytmach makra obliczeniowego arkusza są zgodne z aktualnie obowiązującymi normami. Biorąc pod uwagę postęp techniczny i zastosowanie środków zmniejszających hałas w projektowaniu urządzeń wiertniczych, zagrożenia wynikające z emisji hałasu powinny być zmniejszane, w szczególności u źródła.

EN

Drilling of hydrocarbon wells is accompanied by emission of noise created by drilling rig. The process of making a well consists of drilling operations, drilling pipe trips and auxiliary activity of drilling rig subassemblies, mud pumps, electric power generators and other equipment which has significant impact on noise in the drilling rig environment. This publication presents noise issues in the drilling rig environment and the noise level distribution in the environment around the rig. Pilot noise measurements were performed during operation of the Bentec Euro Rig-450 at the X drilling site. Measurement results were shown in tables and in the noise distribution map of the terrain surrounding the well. Measurements were performed using a set of measuring instruments with current calibration certificates and according to appropriate procedures in four directions every 90° at a distance of 50, 100, 200, 400 m and in the vicinity of residential buildings. Geostatic data analysis method was used to generate spatial distributions of noise levels. A kriging method based on the values measured at measurement points and spatial distribution parameters such as correlation and variance were used. With the noise level distribution map generated in the form of values on the model grid, the grid points may be qualified as points with acceptable or excessive noise. The quality of measurements performed on the drilling rig during drilling operations is of significant importance for the analysis of noise hazards. A spreadsheet was created to allow quick analysis of the entered data. This sheet allows for quick and easy calculation of the basic parameters of noise assessment and to estimate the uncertainty of the obtained results. All formulas used in the spreadsheet macro algorithms are compliant with the currently applicable standards. Taking into account technical progress and the application of noise reducing measures in the design stage of drilling rigs, the risks resulting from noise emissions should be reduced, in particular at its source.