Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Numerical Analysis of Stability of the Variable Parameters, Fractional Order Transfer Functions

Oprzędkiewicz Krzysztof

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

|

2026

|

R. 30, nr 2

17--22

EN

In the paper the numerical analysis of the practical stability of the new, variable parameters, fractional order transfer function models is addressed. The considered transfer functions are constructed using discrete, variable parameters FOBD approximation. This implies that only sufficient unstability or equivalently necessary stability conditions can be given. They do not assure full and unique information about stability. The considered algorithm uses interval approach and Monte Carlo method. The application of interval analysis allows to quickly detect unstability at vertices of tested area. The proposed algorithm allows to check the stability of predefined range of parameters as well as to estimate of stability areas.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano numeryczną analizę praktycznej stabilności nowych modeli transmitancyjnych niecałkowitego rzędu o zmiennych parametrach. Rozważane transmitancje są budowane z wykorzystaniem aproksymacji FOBD o zmiennych parametrach. Postać transmitancji implikuje możliwość podania tylko dostatecznych warunków niestabilności lub równoważnie koniecznych warunków stabilności. To nie zapewnia pełnej i jednoznacznej informacji o stabilności. Proponowany algorytm numeryczny bazuje na podejściu przedziałowym i metodzie Monte Carlo. Podejście przedziałowe pozwala na szybkie wykrycie niestabilności na wierzchołkach testowanego obszaru. Proponowany algorytm pozwala na sprawdzenie stabilności w zadanym zakresie oraz na oszacowanie obszarów stabilności na płaszczyźnie parametrów modelu.

2

Unsaturated polyester resin as a modifier for visbreaking residua

Mańska Lidia, Makomaski Grzegorz

Journal of Sustainable Technologies - Problemy Eksploatacji

|

2026

|

Vol. 116, no. 2

5--9

EN

The results of analysing the effect of unsaturated polyester resin on the physicochemical properties, including rheological properties, of visbreaking residues, were presented. To date, unsaturated polyester resin has not been used as an additive in visbreaking residues. VBR-UP blends containing 2.5-10 wt% unsaturated polyester resin were prepared at 105°C for 30 minutes. For the resulting VBR–UP blends, tests were conducted on softening point, penetration, storage stability, and viscosity (at 60°C, 90°C, 135°C, and 160°C). A visual assessment of the dispersion of the polymer modifier in the bitumen- polymer blends was also performed using a fluorescence microscope. It was demonstrated that modifying visbreaking residue with unsaturated polyester resin alters its physicochemical properties, including rheological properties, leading to its plasticisation.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu nienasyconej żywicy poliestrowej na właściwości fizykochemiczne, w tym właściwości reologiczne pozostałości po visbreakingu. Dotychczas nie stosowano dodatku nienasyconej żywicy poliestrowej do pozostałości po visbreakingu. Mieszaniny VBR-UP, zawierające od 2,5% mas. do 10% mas. nienasyconej żywicy poliestrowej, sporządzano w temperaturze 105°C przez 30 minut. Dla otrzymanych mieszanin VBR-UP przeprowadzono badania temperatury mięknienia, penetracji, stabilności podczas magazynowania i lepkości (w temperaturze 60°C, 90°C, 135°C i 160°C). Dokonano także wzrokowej oceny zdyspergowania modyfikatora polimerowego w mieszaninie bitumiczno-polimerowej za pomocą mikroskopu fluorescencyjnego. Wykazano, że modyfikacja pozostałości po visbreakingu nienasyconą żywicą poliestrową wpływała na zmianę jej właściwości fizykochemicznych, w tym reologicznych, powodując jej uplastycznienie.

3

Advancements in hybrid nanofluids for diesel engine thermal management: a comparative review

Sufe Gadisa

Combustion Engines

|

2026

|

R. 65, nr 1

104--118

EN

Hybrid nanofluids show considerable promise for improving thermal management in diesel engines - outperforming both single-nanoparticle fluids and standard coolants. When it comes to performance, we rigorously evaluated multiple hybrid formulations against four key metrics: thermal conductivity, viscosity, long-term stability, and corrosion resistance. Blending specific nanoparticle types, namely alumina (Al₂O₃), silica (SiO₂), and titania (TiO₂), with carefully chosen surfactant agents. This combination directly boosted how effectively these fluids transfer thermal energy. The research demonstrates that hybrid nanofluids substantially boost thermal conductivity, increasing it by 30% to 50% compared to conventional coolants. In particular, the Al₂O₃-SiO₂-TiO₂ combination showed exceptional effectiveness, surpassing other nanofluid mixtures by roughly 20-30%. Surfactants significantly enhanced the dispersion of nanoparticles, reduced their aggregation, and decreased viscosity by around 10-15%, which subsequently reduced the energy required for pumping. These advancements increased the durability and reliability of hybrid nanofluids, thereby broadening their potential applications. The study emphasized the importance of surfactants in maintaining effective nanoparticle suspension and preventing sedimentation, ensuring sustained stability. Among all the compounds analyzed, the surfactant-modified Al₂O₃-SiO₂-TiO₂ nanocomposite blend showed superior outcomes, striking a balance between enhanced thermal conductivity, stability, and controllable viscosity. Hybrid nanofluids present a promising method for improving diesel engine cooling; however, significant obstacles such as cost, scalability, and durability remain. This study tackles these barriers and contributes valuable perspectives for advancing thermal management technologies. The paper amalgamates experimental and theoretical findings from 82 peer-reviewed studies, providing a comparative analysis without introducing new experimental data.

4

Invariant properties of positive linear systems with integer and fractional orders

Kaczorek Tadeusz

Archives of Control Sciences

|

2026

|

Vol. 36, No. 1

181--194

EN

The invariant properties of the stability, reachability, observability and transfer matrices of positive linear continuous-time systems with integer and fractional orders are investigated. It is shown that the stability, reachability, observability and transfer matrix of positive linear systems are invariant under their integer and fractional orders.

5

Stability of selected open and closed thin-walled beams – numerical analysis

Smyczyński Mikołaj Jan, Paczos Piotr, Pruszyński Jarosław, Kasprzak Jakub

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2026

|

Vol. 20, no. 1

318--339

EN

The paper is devoted to the stability of cold-formed thin-walled profiles. The study includes geometric characteristics of various cross-sections such as closed rectangular profiles and C-shaped profiles with various types of stiffeners. It compares critical forces and stresses of various profile types obtained by finite element method. Results indicate significant differences in critical forces among profiles. The load-bearing capacity of a classic channel-shaped profile modified channel profile and closed rectangular profiles are compared. Profiles with bends show different stability characteristics than standard profiles.

6

Stability and strength of cold-formed c-shaped and z-shaped profiles: Analytical studies

Smyczyński Mikołaj Jan, Rodak Marcin, Paczos Piotr, Pruszyński Jarosław, Cep Robert

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2026

|

Vol. 20, no. 7

470--493

EN

This article presents analytical studies of the stability and strength of thin-walled beams with non-standard cross-sectional geometry, manufactured by Zaprom Ltd. The analyses cover four load conditions, for which critical buckling load values were determined. The studies were conducted for three example beams made of innovative profiles designed to improve structural performance. The paper utilizes an approach combining theory based on the principle of conservation of potential energy with numerical analysis using the finite-stripe method (FSM). The results allow for an assessment of the influence of loading conditions and geometric parameters on the forms of instability and critical load values. The analyses provide a basis for further optimization of the thin-walled profile shapes, taking into account both load-bearing efficiency and structural safety.

7

Assessment of reference plane impact on longitudinal moment of inertia and the moment to change trim in naval architecture

Kacprzak Paweł

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2025

|

nr 84 (156)

200--208

EN

This paper presents a numerical approach to evaluating ship waterplane hydrostatic parameters. The analysis focuses mainly on determining the longitudinal moment of inertia, computed relative to both the aft perpendicular and the midship section. This study is performed for a 9000 DWT general cargo ship with a design draught of 7.5 m. The results show small differences in the longitudinal moment of inertia (IL), which subsequently affect the moment-to-change trim (MTC). However, the study demonstrates that these differences, resulting from the selected point of origin, have a negligible impact on trim calculations. Despite minor mathematical discrepancies, their overall effect is insignificant, with IL deviations within ±0.1%, confirming that these variations do not influence practical trim calculations.

8

Global Stability of Different Fractional Orders Multi Input Multi Output Nonlinear Feedback Systems with Interval Matrices of Positive Linear Parts

Kaczorek Tadeusz, Sajewski Łukasz

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2025

|

Vol. 19 No. 1

339--344

EN

The global stability of continuous-time fractional orders multi–input multi-output nonlinear feedback systems with interval matrices of positive linear parts is investigated. New sufficient conditions for the global stability of these class of positive nonlinear systems are established. A procedure for computation of gain matrix characterizing the class of nonlinear elements is given and illustrated on simple example.

9

Gabion retaining wall stability – a case study

Grodecki Michał

Technical Transactions

|

2025

|

Vol. 122, iss. 1

art. no. e2025016

EN

The paper presents results of numerical analysis of the gabion retaining wall stability. A real, complicated object is analysed. Gabions are modelled using a homogenized Mohr Coulomb model for mesh and filling. Interface elements are used to allow discontinuous deformation field between adjacent gabions and between gabions and subsoil. A parametric study of the influence of the mesh and joints between gabions strength on the stability of the structure is performed. Different modelling approaches are compared. Numerical simulations were performed using ZSoil v25 Finite Element Method (FEM) system. Efficiency of the proposed approach is shown.

10

Selected aspects of research on advanced states deformation of thin-wall aircraft composite structures

Lis Tomasz

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

|

2025

|

Vol. 28

173--186

EN

The paper concerns the most significant and characteristic stages of manufacturing and testing the properties of aircraft thin-wall composite structures. Structures of this kind, due to the high requirements in terms of safety, durability and economy of aircraft operation, force the emergence of a number of often mutually contradictory design assumptions. The basic problem is to ensure the necessary strength and stiffness of the structure at the lowest possible weight. In a typical thin-wall structure, due to the small thickness of the skin, it is the covering that buckles, while the frame elements do not lose stability. Therefore, when testing thin-wall structures, it is extremely important to properly prepare the model so that the loss of stability is only local. The choice of stiffness of individual elements and the adopted technological process, which directly determines the properties of the system, are of fundamental importance. The text presents an exemplary solution of this problem, concerning the concept of research model with the given technological process. The model underwent the loading condition, which corresponds to the real conditions occurring during the flight. In the next stage, the characteristic properties of the composite thin-wall structure, which is a representative part of the aircraft, were recorded. The obtained results make it possible to determine the influence of the adopted solution on the character of the skin deformation and provide a basis for modifications and comparative analyses.

11

The Impact of Different Strain Rates of Polypropylene Geotextiles on Slope Factor of Safety

Sitek Wiktor, Kiersnowska Agnieszka, Bagdasaryan Vazgen, Koda Eugeniusz

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

|

2025

|

Vol. 47, nr 2

134--144

EN

Due to their effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and economic benefits, geosynthetics are increasingly utilized in civil engineering, especially woven geotextiles for soil stabilization reinforcement. Standard strength testing assumes a constant rate of elongation for samples, but in practice, the loading rate of geosynthetics in the field is much lower. Selecting appropriate materials is crucial for the effectiveness and durability of structures. For polymeric materials like woven geotextiles, the strain rate affects their properties. Understanding these properties is essential for safe design and construction. This article explores the potential application of polypropylene geotextiles for soil reinforcement in embankments. The polymer properties are discussed, along with the methodology for strength testing of geosynthetics and the results of the research. The findings allowed for the calculation of the long-term strength of samples at different elongation rates, which was used to verify changes in the factor of safety for a slope model. The highest tensile strength was 33.44 kN/m at a stretching speed of 20 mm/min. At 2 mm/min, it was 30.35 kN/m, and at 0.2 mm/min, it was 28.70 kN/m. These results determined the factor of safety: F = 2.08 for the fastest stretched sample and F = 1.97 for the slowest. Theoretical approaches to understanding changes in strength parameters due to variations in strain rate have been presented, as well as computational approaches using the Bishop method in GEO5 software, based on the results from tensile strength tests.

12

Przygotowanie i ocena uszczelniaczy na bazie wody do naprawy pęknięć nawierzchni drogowych

Yang Liu

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2025

|

T. 104, nr 11

1088--1093

PL

Przygotowano nowy uszczelniacz asfaltowy na bazie wody poprzez zmieszanie lateksu kauczuku neoprenowego i lateksu styrenowo-butadienowego, a także emulgowanego asfaltu modyfikowanego kopolimerem styren-butadien-styren jako substancji błonotwórczych, modyfikowanego polieterem silikonowego środka przeciwpiennego, lekkiego CaCO₃ jako wypełniacza i poli(alkoholu winylowego) jako stabilizatora. Wytrzymałość wiązania, elastyczność w niskich temperaturach, stabilność podczas przechowywania i urabialność zostały określone za pomocą standardowych metod jako wskaźniki oceny. Badanie przeprowadzono zgodnie z metodą D-opcjonalną przy użyciu oprogramowania Design Expert. Wysokiej jakości uszczelniacz uzyskano, gdy mieszanka zawierała obie substancje błonotwórcze (odpowiednio 35% i 19%), środek przeciwpienny 1%, wypełniacz 30% i stabilizator 15%.

EN

A novel water-based asphalt sealant was prepd. by mixing neoprene rubber latex and styrene-butadiene latex as well as styrene-butadiene- styrene-modified emulsified asphalt as film-forming substances, a polyether-modified silicone defoamer as a defoaming agent, light CaCO₃ as a filler and poly(vinyl alc.) as a stabilizer under stirring. Bond strength, low-temp. flexibility, storage stability and workability were detd. by std. methods as evaluation indicators. The study was carried out according to the D-optional method by using the Design Expert software. The high qual. sealant was produced when the mixt. contained both film forming substances (35% and 19%, resp.), defoaming agent 1%, filler 30%, and stabilizer 15%.

13

Analiza aktywnego osuwiska i pełzania strefy przypowierzchniowej na zabudowanym Wzgórzu Chełm k. Bochni

Kaczmarek Łukasz, Kiełbasiński Kamil, Dobak Paweł, Nescieruk Piotr

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2025

|

Vol. 73, nr 12

1090--1111

EN

The paper discusses comprehensive stabilization solutions implemented in a settled, active/periodically active landslide area (SOPO ID number: 2833, 2841) on the north-eastern slope of Chełm Hill (boundary zone of the Outer Carpathians and the Carpathian Foredeep, Bochnia district). In addition to previously documented large-scale landslides, the slope has been affected for years by slow creep movements within the weathered material, which have had a negative impact on infrastructure and residential buildings. The applied geotechnical solutions - including drainage systems, retaining walls, and slope re-profiling - are presented as components of a coherent stabilization framework. Furthermore, the multi-aspect analysis incorporates satellite data from the Sentinel-1 programme, which enabled remote assessment of displacement rates over a longer time frame using radar interferometry (InSAR) techniques. The presentation of the geological engineering conditions also draws on data from inclinometer and piezometer measurements (surveys undertaken by PGI-NR1). The results allow for the assessment of the scale of dynamic hazards and their spatial and hydrodynamic conditions. They also generally indicate the effectiveness of the implemented solutions, while emphasizing the need for continued monitoring due to the active nature of the landslide. The proposed approach can provide a benchmark for comparable cases under similarly challenging geological settings.

14

The significance of the NPLC parameter in ensuring the stability and repeatability of measurement data acquired by reference multimeters

Mieczkowski Krystian, Walendziuk Wojciech

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2025

|

R. 101, nr 8

106--112

EN

This article contains an analysis of the NPLC (Number of Power Line Cycles) parameter, which affects the repeatability, stability, and the final uncertainty of measurement results. Based on the research, it was shown that measurements performed with NPLC values equal to or greater than 10 yielded almost identical measurement results, with comparable repeatability across successive measurement series for all analyzed multimeters. It was also demonstrated that for the 8588A multimeter, setting the NPLC parameter to 1 produced results nearly identical to those of other multimeters set to 10. The analysis of the obtained results also indicated the possibility of significantly shortening the time required to perform measurement procedures using such multimeters, which often serve as reference standards in laboratories and metrological institutes.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł zawiera analizę parametru NPLC (Number of Power Line Cycles), który ma wpływ na powtarzalność, stabilność i na ostateczną niepewność wyników pomiarów. Na podstawie badań wykazano, że pomiary realizowane przy NPLC o wartościach równych lub wyższych 10 dawały niemalże identyczne wyniki pomiarów, przy porównywalnej wartości powtarzalności kolejnych serii pomiarowych wszystkich analizowanych multimetrów. Wykazano także, że dla multimetru 8588A, ustawienie parametru NPLC równego 1 dało niemalże identyczny wynik w porównaniu do pozostałych multimetrów przy ustawieniu równym 10. Analiza otrzymanych wyników wykazała także możliwość znacznego skrócenia czasu wykonywania procedur pomiarowych z wykorzystaniem takich multimetrów, będących często wzorcami odniesienia w laboratoriach i instytutach metrologicznych.

15

Symulacje numeryczne wybranych zastosowań gruntów zbrojonych

Baca Michał

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2025

|

R. 96, nr 5

25--28

PL

Grunty zbrojone jako materiał budowlany mają szerokie zastosowanie w geotechnice. Pozwalają na wzmocnienie m.in. podłoża gruntowego, skarp, konstrukcji oporowych, co w konsekwencji może prowadzić do polepszenia właściwości podłoża i zmniejszenia wymiarów fundamentu. W pracy przedstawiono kilka najpopularniejszych zastosowań gruntów zbrojonych. Wykorzystując Metodę Elementów Skończonych, pokazano przykłady, jak zastosowanie gruntów zbrojonych może zmienić sposób pracy konstrukcji i wzmocnić podłoże gruntowe.

EN

Reinforced soil as a building material is widely used in geotechnics. They allow you to strengthen, among others: subsoil, slopes, retaining structures, which may consequently lead to improved subsoil properties and reduced foundation dimensions. The paper presents several of the most popular applications of reinforced soils. Using the Finite Element Method, examples were shown of how the use of reinforced soils can change the way the structure works and strengthen the ground.

16

Podłużnie użebrowane stalowe środniki dźwigarów skrzynkowych – naprężenia krytyczne przy ścinaniu

Drzazga Marek

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2025

|

R. 96, nr 5

33--37

PL

W artykule przedstawiono i porównano wybrane metody wyznaczania wartości sprężystych naprężeń krytycznych przy ścinaniu stalowych środników z żebrami podłużnymi na dwóch poziomach. Analizę porównawczą oparto o procedury podane w projekcie normy prEN 1993-1-5:2021 oraz o wyniki analiz numerycznych. Obliczenia przeprowadzono dla trzech grubości środników i dla różnych przekrojów żeber podłużnych. Wykonane analizy uwidoczniły istotne różnice w wynikach obliczeń w zależności od stosowanego podejścia obliczeniowego.

EN

The article presents and compares selected methods for determining elastic critical shear stress values of steel webs with longitudinal stiffeners. The comperative analysis is based on the procedures given in the draft standard prEN 1993-1-5:2021 and on the results of numerical analyses. The calculations were carried out for three web thickness and for different cross-sections of longitudinal stiffeners. The analyses showed significant differences in the calculations results depending on the calculation approach.

17

Temperature-dependent behavior of PVA/Drug composites during melt extrusion

Bakly Ali AK., Hadi Nizar J., Krynke Marek, Sadiq Mohammed

Production Engineering Archives

|

2025

|

Vol. 31, Iss. 4

526--533

EN

This study highlights the growing collaboration between materials, engineering, and pharmaceutical research, enhancing drug efficacy and reducing side effects by optimizing polymer carriers for stability and compatibility. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Rhumix, glycerol, and citric acid were used as a carrier, drug, plasticizer, and stabilizer to create polymer-drug composites at varying temperatures. A twinscrew extruder was used to mix, melt, and extrude 60% PVA, 30% Rhumix, 9.9% glycerol, and 0.1% citric acid at (160, 170, and 180)°C with a screw speed of 50 rpm. DSC, FTIR, and optical/digital microscopy techniques characterized the composites. Results showed smooth extrusion of the PVA/drug composites, with the addition of plasticizers resulting in lower Tg and Tm. The extruded compounds exhibited varying colours and surface properties. The bonding values remained stable, indicating no significant interaction. DSC curves revealed two Tg values, indicating compatibility and immiscibility. Microscope images demonstrated improved drug dispersion at 160°C. Notably, the selected components, particularly PVA and glycerol, are widely recognised for their biocompatibility and low toxicity, as confirmed by previous studies, which support the potential suitability of these compounds for biomedical applications.

18

Computer-aided selection of belt feeder parameters for the load and stability of its structure assessment

Krauze Krzysztof, Klempka Ryszard, Wydro Tomasz, Mucha Kamil

Production Engineering Archives

|

2025

|

Vol. 31, Iss. 3

329--334

EN

Due to their simple design, high reliability, and low energy consumption, belt feeders are a fundamental means of transporting bulk materials, particularly in continuous feeding systems. The most com monly used belt feeders are short ones, with lengths up to 40 meters and belt widths up to 1 meter. In addition to their use in underground and open-pit mining, they are widely applied in energy, metallurgy, and other industrial sectors and in transshipment ports, storage yards, and stockpiles. The proper operation of belt feeders is ensured by maintaining their structure's required stability and rigidity under specific operational conditions (installation location). It applies to feeders operating on straight stationary supports, particularly on V-type stationary and mobile supports. Various computer programs are used during the design phase of these feeders to assist and facilitate the process because, despite standard components and assemblies, belt feeders are not repeatable solutions and require multi-variant calculations. Based on a typical belt feeder, its analytical model, and dedicated software, the stability and forces acting on the supports are investigated. This software enables and facilitates the analysis of the stability and support loads of a belt feeder during its design phase or when implementing structural modifications. It may be particularly useful for current and future users introducing changes to the feeder’s structure or relocating it to a different operational site. The presented application was employed in the analysis of a belt feeder at an open-pit mine during the process of modifying its drive unit.

19

Simple Stability Conditions of Linear Switched Systems with Time-Dependent Switching

Borawski Kamil

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

|

2025

|

R. 29, nr 1

55--60

EN

In this paper, the stability of continuous-time and discrete-time linear switched systems with time-dependent switching is investigated. Solutions to the state equations are provided and sufficient conditions for the stability of such systems are established. The stability conditions presented for continuous-time systems are valid in the following cases: 1) there are no specific restrictions on the switching function if each switching interval is equal to or greater than 1 second; 2) the switching function has to be a periodic function (or a function describing permutations of identical sequences of subsystems) if at least one of the switching intervals is less than 1 second. In the case of discrete-time systems the switching function is arbitrary. The effectiveness of the presented approach is demonstrated by numerical examples.

PL

W artykule zbadano stabilność ciągłych i dyskretnych liniowych układów przełączalnych z przełączaniem zależnym od czasu. Podano rozwiązania równań stanu i wyznaczono warunki wystarczające stabilności takich układów. Warunki przedstawione dla układów ciągłych są słuszne w następujących przypadkach: 1) nie ma szczególnych ograniczeń na funkcję przełączania, jeżeli każdy przedział czasu w kolejnych przełączeniach jest nie krótszy niż 1 sekunda; 2) funkcja przełączająca musi być funkcją okresową (lub funkcją opisującą permutacje identycznych sekwencji załączanych podukładów), jeżeli co najmniej jeden z przedziałów czasu w kolejnych przełączeniach jest krótszy od 1 sekundy. W przypadku układów dyskretnych funkcja przełączająca jest dowolna. Skuteczność zaprezentowanego podejścia pokazano na przykładach numerycznych.

20

Destabilizacja biosensorów na podstawie zmian impulsu elektromagnetycznego i absorpcji

Kłos-Witkowska Aleksandra, Martsenyuk Vasyl

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

|

2025

|

R. 29, nr 3

105--110

PL

Podczas realizacji pracy, za pomocą specjalnie skonstruowanego układu pomiarowego, zbadano utratę stabilności komponenta warstw receptorowych biosensorów na podstawie zmian kształtu impulsu elektromagnetycznego oraz współczynnika absorpcji. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały zmiany w kształcie impulsu i jego amplitudzie po przejściu przez badane substancje. Zmiany te zależały od rodzaju substancji oraz częstotliwości impulsu i pola elektromagnetycznego. Wykazano nieznaczne różnice w kształcie impulsu po przejściu przez badaną substancję - dla różnych roztworów wodnych Albuminy Wołowej (świeżym oraz dwumiesięcznym). Wyznaczono współczynniki absorpcji dla roztworu jednodniowego oraz dla roztworu mającego 53, 58, 60, 63, 65 dni. Przeprowadzone badania nad zmianami konformacyjnymi białka, jakie zachodzą z upływem czasu, wykazały możliwe zmiany strukturalne jako wynik procesów denaturacji i agregacji.

EN

During the work, a specially constructed measuring system was used to examine the loss of stability of the receptor layer components of biosensors based on changes in the shape of the electromagnetic pulse and the absorption coefficient. The tests showed changes in the shape and amplitude of the pulse after it passed through the tested substances. These changes depended on the type of substance and the frequency of the pulse and electromagnetic field. Slight differences in the pulse shape were observed after passing through the tested substances (for different aqueous solutions of bovine albumin - fresh and two months old). Absorption coefficients were determined for a one-day-old solution and for solutions aged 53, 58, 60, 63, 65 days. Studies on conformational changes in the protein over time showed possible structural changes as a result of denaturation and aggregation processes.