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1

Innowacyjne strategie odzysku metali krytycznych z elektroodpadów – od badań materiału do wdrożeń w gospodarce o obiegu zamkniętym

Skrzypczyńska Katarzyna, Wróbel Kamil, Kolasa Dorota, Tokarz Wojciech, Dąbała Aleksandra

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2026

|

T. 105, nr 5

465--470

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad hydrometalurgicznym i elektrochemicznym odzyskiem metali z odpadowych płytek drukowanych (PCB) oraz zużytych telefonów przenośnych. Badania obejmowały etap obróbki wstępnej (prażenie), wieloetapowe ługowanie roztworami na bazie HNO₃ i H₂SO₄ oraz odzysk elektrochemiczny w skali laboratoryjnej i wielkolaboratoryjnej. W przypadku odpadów PCB uzyskano efektywność ługowania bliską 100% (Cu, Ag) w skali laboratoryjnej oraz ok. 90% (Cu) i ok. 100% (Ag) w skali wielkolaboratoryjnej. Sprawność odzysku elektrochemicznego wynosiła 90-95% dla Cu oraz ok. 80% dla Ag. W przypadku zużytych telefonów komórkowych efektywność ługowania wynosiła 96-99% (Cu, Ag) oraz 43% (Au), przy sprawności odzysku elektrochemicznego 99% (Cu, Ag) i 62% (Au). Otrzymano metale o wysokiej czystości (Cu do 99%, Ag ≥ 99,9%) oraz kompozyty metaliczne AgSnSb i CuAu. Wyniki potwierdzają możliwość skalowania procesów oraz ich potencjał wdrożeniowy w sektorze recyklingu elektroodpadów.

EN

Hydrometallurgical and electrochem. recovery of metals from printed circuit board (PCB) waste and end-of-life mobile phones was studied. The developed processes included thermal pre-treatment, multistage leaching using HNO₃ - and H₂SO₄ - based solns., and electrochem. recovery at laboratory and large-laboratory scales. For PCB waste, leaching efficiencies close to 100% (Cu, Ag) were achieved at laboratory scale and approx. 90% (Cu) and nearly 100% (Ag) at largelaboratory scale. Electrochem. recovery efficiency reached 90-95% for Cu and approx. 80% for Ag. In the case of mobile phones, leaching efficiencies were 96-99% (Cu, Ag) and 43% (Au), while electrochem. recovery reached 99% (Cu, Ag) and 62% (Au). High-purity metals (Cu up to 99%, Ag ≥ 99.9%) and metallic composites (AgSnSb, CuAu) were obtained. The results confirm the scalability and industrial potential of the proposed approach.

2

Zastosowanie związków miedzi i bakterii rodzaju Bacillus w ograniczaniu wzrostu grzybów rodzaju Fusarium

Horoszkiewicz Joanna, Danielewicz Jakub, Jajor Ewa, Korbas Marek, Janka Aleksander, Grzanka Monika, Sobiech Łukasz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 11

1202--1206

PL

Badano wpływ preparatów syntetycznych oraz biologicznych na ograniczanie wzrostu grzybni ważnych gospodarczo grzybów rodzaju Fusarium. W badaniach zastosowano produkty zawierające wodorotlenek miedzi, heptaglukonian miedzi i bakterie z rodzaju Bacillus: B. velezensis, B. subtilis i B. amyloliquefaciens. Dla porównania zastosowano syntetyczny fungicyd, w skład którego wchodziła substancja czynna - protiokonazol. Badania przeprowadzono in vitro na pożywce PDA (ziemniaczano-glukozowo-agarowa). Zastosowane w badaniach związki miedzi oraz bakterie rodzaju Bacillus wpłynęły na ograniczenie wzrostu grzybów rodzaju Fusarium. Było to uzależnione od rodzaju produktu oraz badanego gatunku grzyba.

EN

The effect of synthetic and biol. preparations on inhibiting the growth of mycelium of the economically important fungi of the Fusarium genus was studied. Products contg. Cu hydroxide, Cu heptagluconate, and Bacillus bacteria: B. velezensis, B. subtilis, and B. amyloliquefaciens were used. A synthetic fungicide contg. the active ingredient prothioconazole was used for comparison. The studies were conducted in vitro on PDA (potato glucose agar) medium. The Cu compounds and Bacillus bacteria used inhibited the growth of Fusarium fungi. This effect depended on the product type and the fungus species tested.

3

Wpływ wybranych form miedzi na rozwój Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea i Rhizoctonia cerealis w warunkach in vitro

Danielewicz Jakub, Horoszkiewicz Joanna, Jajor Ewa, Korbas Marek, Grzanka Monika, Sobiech Łukasz, Idziak Robert

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 4

501--505

PL

Testowano wpływ wybranych form miedzi oraz przykładowych fungicydów na hamowanie wzrostu grzybni grzybów chorobotwórczych. W badaniach zastosowano w różnych dawkach azoksystrobinę, protiokonazol, wodorotlenek miedzi, tlenochlorek miedzi oraz heptaglukonian miedzi. Wszystkie środki testowano w badaniach in vitro na pożywkach PDA (ziemniaczano-glukozowo-agarowa). Przeprowadzone oceny oraz wykonane pomiary wskazują na wysoki stopień hamowania wzrostu grzybni Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea i Rhizoctonia cerealis dzięki zastosowaniu nowoczesnych form miedzi, przy skuteczności zbliżonej do obecnie stosowanych w rolnictwie substancji czynnych fungicydów.

EN

The effect of azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride and copper heptagluconate at different doses on inhibiting the growth of mycelia of pathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia cerealis was studied. All active substances were tested in vitro on PDA (potato-glucose-agar) medium. The conducted assessments and measurements showed a high level of inhibition of mycelia growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia cerealis in combinations in which modern forms of copper were used, with an effectiveness similar to the active substances of fungicides currently used in agriculture.

4

Inhibition of Cu, CuZn37 brass and CuAl8 bronze corrosion by 5-methyl, 5-chloro and unsubstituted benzotriazole – a comparative study

Kwiatkowski Hubert, Krakowiak Stefan

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2025

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nr 5

133--137

EN

The corrosion inhibition effects of benzotriazole (BTA), 5-methylbenzotriazole (5-Me-BTA), and 5-chlorobenzotriazole (5-Cl-BTA) on Cu, CuZn37, and CuAl8 in artificial seawater were studied using electrochemical techniques. Polarization curve analysis showed that the corrosion current densities were significantly lower in the presence of these inhibitors compared to the absence, with a predominant effect on the anodic reaction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed an increase in charge-transfer resistance in the presence of the inhibitors and indicated that the inhibitory effect is associated with the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the electrode surface. The inhibition efficiency for each compound was similar across the different materials, following the order: BTA < 5-Me-BTA < 5-Cl-BTA. Although 5-Cl-BTA exhibited superior anti-corrosion performance compared to 5-Me-BTA and BTA, this could not be solely explained by electron-donating or withdrawing character of substituents. On the basis of the presented results potential directions for further research were outlined.

PL

Zastosowano metody elektrochemiczne do porównania efektywności benzotriazolu (BTA), 5-metylobenzotriazolu (5-Me-BTA) i 5-chlorobenzotriazolu (5-Cl-BTA) jako inhibitorów korozji miedzi, mosiądzu CuZn37 oraz brązu CuAl8 w syntetycznej wodzie morskiej. Na podstawie otrzymanych krzywych polaryzacyjnych wykazano, że obecność każdego z inhibitorów w roztworze powoduje zmniejszenie gęstości prądu korozyjnego. Ponadto zaobserwowano istotny wpływ inhibitorów na reakcję anodową. Analiza widm impedancyjnych dowiodła, że dla elektrod zanurzonych w roztworach zawierających inhibitory, rezystancja przeniesienia ładunku osiąga znacząco wyższe wartości, niż dla roztworu bez inhibitora. Wyznaczone parametry wskazują również na powiązanie działania inhibicyjnego z adsorpcją cząsteczek badanych związków na powierzchni elektrod. Nie odnotowano znaczących różnic w efektywności konkretnego inhibitora dla różnych materiałów. Zarówno w przypadku miedzi, mosiądzu jak i brązu efektywność inhibitorów wzrastała w kolejności BTA < 5-Me-BTA < 5-Cl-BTA. Fakt, że 5-Cl-BTA cechuje się wyższą skutecznością od pozostałych związków nie daje się jednak w sposób prosty powiązać z elektronodonorowym lub elektronoakceptorowym charakterem podstawników.

5

The effect of exogenous nitric oxide on benzo[a]pyrene stress in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L

Li Yue, Zhang Jiajiao, Xu Sunan, Jiang Lei, Hou Wei, Chen Zhonglin

Environment Protection Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 51, nr 3

25--41

EN

The pot experiment investigated the role of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) in mitigating benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) stress and regulating mineral element dynamics in ryegrass. Exposure to 30 μmol/dm3 B[a]P significantly suppressed seed germination, root vitality, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and dry weight, while altering mineral distribution, copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) accumulated in roots, whereas nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) were translocated to leaves. Seed germination, plant height, root vitality, and NR activity initially increased at 100–300 μmol/dm3 sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) but declined at 400 μmol/dm3. SNP treatments enhanced root retention of N, P, Mn, Cu, and Pb, reducing toxic metal mobility. PCA, cluster, and correlation analyses identified 200-300 μmol/dm3 SNP as optimal for alleviating B[a]P stress, with N and P dynamics most strongly correlated with growth recovery. Exogenous NO counteracts B[a]P-induced phytotoxicity by regulating root-to-leaf translocation of N and P to sustain metabolic activity, restricting Pb/Cd mobility and redistributing essential minerals (Cu, Mn) to minimize aerial tissue exposure, optimizing SNP con-centration to enhance stress tolerance without overburdening detoxification pathways. This study underscores NO’s dual role as a nutrient coordinator and detoxification agent, offering strategies to enhance plant resilience in B[a]P-contaminated environments.

6

Immobilization of toxic substances from aqueous solutions using Chlorella vulgaris dietary supplements

Chmura Maria, Sočo Eleonora

Chemical Technology & Biotechnology

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2025

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Vol. 5

160--177

EN

Chlorella is highly effective in removing contaminants from water thanks to its ability to biosorb heavy metals and neutralize toxic substances. Its use in bioremediation represents an innovative approach to improving water quality in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. The study described in this article concerned the adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions depending on time and initial concentration on an adsorbent, which was dead biomass in the form of a powdered dietary supplement Chlorella vulgaris. A FAAS spectrometer was used to obtain the results. The point of zero charge was determined, and the structure and chemical composition of chlorella were examined using SEM. Functional groups involved in the adsorption process were identified using FT-IR spectrum analysis. The kinetics was examined using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models and the Weber-Morris model. The adsorption equilibrium and adsorption capacities of chlorella were presented by determining isotherms. Based on the Langmuir isotherm, it was found that the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is approximately 35 mg of copper per 1 g of adsorbent, while according to the Jovanović isotherm, chlorella is capable of adsorbing 6.67 mg of cadmium per 1 g of adsorbent.

7

Corrosion Behavior of (Copper/Nickel) step-wise Functionally Graded Materials

Abdulamer Dheya, Ghafil Noor Sh, Albusalih Dhuha, Atiyah Alaa Abdulhasan

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

85--90

EN

The present paper involves studying of the corrosion behaviour of five layers Cu/Ni Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) in a 3.5 % NaCl solution to examine corrosion potentials (Ecorr.), corrosion current densities (icorr.) and Tafel slope. Three series of FGMs samples, labeled A1-A6, B1-B6, and C1-C6 were prepared using different experimental conditions of compaction pressure (0.7, 1 and 1.3 MPa), sintering temperature (650, 750 and 850oC) and sintering time (1 and 2 hours). The polarisation method was conducted at 3 mV/s of a scan rate, and room temperature. According into the potentiodynamic polarization test, it was found that the sintering time of 2 hrs at constant temperature, and pressure enhances the corrosion potential towards stabilization the protective surface layer. A3, A4 are samples designation corresponding to different experimental settings determined by design of experiments. Corrosion current density measurements showed that A4 sample had the highest (673.20 μA/cm²), while A3 sample had the lowest icorr (0.8508 μA/cm²). Tafel slope analysis revealed that A3 sample had the highest anodic, and cathodic slopes, and was associated with the lowest corrosion rate. The corrosion resistance (Rp) data supported these results, with A3 showing the highest resistance, confirming its superior corrosion resistance (Rp). This behaviour may be related into the noble properties of copper, and the protection of cupric oxide (CuO) compared to (NiO).

8

Analysis of Tribological Wear of Metallic Membranes After the Hydrogenation Process

Rutkowska-Gorczyca Małgorzata, Winnicki Marcin, Kowalewski Piotr

Tribologia

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2024

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nr 2

95--104

EN

The paper presents the results of tribological tests of copper material subjected to the cyclic hydrogenation process. Tribological tests during friction in reciprocating motion, in contact with a ceramic ball. The measurement was performed for different numbers of hydrogenation cycles, different surface roughness and different times after the machining process. The test material consisted of metallic membranes made of dendritic copper particles using the additive method of low-pressure cold gas spraying (LPCS). The hydrogen charging process was carried out using a BioLogis SP50ze potentiostat/galvanostat. The current waveforms were carried out in an electrolyte with a concentration of 0.5 M H2SO4 . Voltammetry (CV measurement) was performed in a three-electrode system, where the metallic membrane was the working electrode. The hydrogen charging process included two ranges: 25 cycles (1 hour) and 50 cycles (2 hours). The system was cyclically loaded with current between a potential of -0.200 V and -1.4 V, with a scanning rate of 20 mV/s. The tests carried out allowed for obtaining the values of the friction coefficient and the wear depth. For materials with a developed surface (high roughness), a decrease in the value of the friction coefficient and the depth of the wear trace was observed with an increase in the number of hydrogenation cycles. This indicates an increase in the amount of hydrogen in the rubbing surface by expanding the surface. In the case of polished samples, the best results were obtained with 25 hydrogenation cycles.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań tribologicznych materiału miedzianego poddanego procesowi cyklicznego nawodorowywania. Badania tribologiczne podczas tarcia w ruchu posuwisto-zwrotnym w styku z kulką ceramiczną wykonano dla różnych ilości cykli nawodorowywania, różnej chropowatości powierzchni i w różnym czasie od procesu obróbkowego. Materiał do badań stanowiły membrany metaliczne wykonane z dendrytycznych cząstek miedzi metodą przyrostową niskociśnieniowego natrysku zimnym gazem (LPCS). Proces ładowania wodorem przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem potencjostatu/galwanostatu BioLogis SP50ze. Przebiegi prądowe prowadzono w elektrolicie o stężeniu 0,5 M H2SO4. Woltamperometrię (pomiar CV) przeprowadzono w układzie trójelektrodowym, gdzie membrana metaliczna stanowiła elektrodę roboczą. Proces ładowania wodorem obejmował dwa zakresy 25 cykle (1 h) oraz 50 cykli (2 h). Układ był cyklicznie prądowo obciążany między potencjałem o wartości -0,200 V a -1,4 V, z szybkością skanowania 20 mV/s. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na uzyskanie wartości współczynnika tarcia oraz głębokości zużycia. Dla materiałów o rozwiniętej powierzchni (duża chropowatość) zauważono zmniejszanie wartości współczynnika tarcia oraz głębokości śladu zużycia wraz ze zwiększaniem ilości cykli nawodorowywania. Wskazuje to zwiększenie ilości wodoru w powierzchni trącej poprzez rozwinięcie powierzchni. W przypadku próbek wypolerowanych najlepsze wyniki uzyskano przy 25 cyklach nawodorowywania.

9

Czy specjacja pierwiastków w wodzie ma sens? Część VI - formy chemiczne miedzi w wodzie

Rychlewski Paweł, Zembrzuska Joanna, Kamgar Elham, Różańska Maria

Technologia Wody

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2024

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Nr 2 (84)

39-43

PL

Miedź jest metalem przejściowym XI grupy pobocznej układu okresowego charakteryzującym się zdolnościami indukcji pola magnetycznego, efektywnego przenoszenia ładunków elektrycznych oraz stabilnością chemiczną w kontakcie z wodą. Z uwagi na te cechy fizyko-chemiczne Cu znalazła zastosowanie w niemal wszystkich urządzeniach elektrycznych oraz w instalacjach wodnych. Miedź powszechnie występuje w glebie i wodzie, gdzie najczęściej znaleźć można ją pod postacią kationu dwuwartościowego (Cu2+) oraz w formie wodorotlenku (Cu(OH2)). Miedź pełni też bardzo ważną rolę w rozwoju i funkcjonowaniu wielu organizmów żywych, gdzie jest mikroelementem niezbędnym do funkcjonowania wielu układów ciała ssaków.

EN

Copper is a transition metal of the XI minor group of the periodic table, characterized by the ability to induce a magnetic field, effectively transfer electric charges and be chemically stable in contact with water. Due to these physical and chemical properties, Cu is used in almost all electrical devices and water installations. Copper is commonly found in soil and water, where it is most often found as a divalent cation (Cu2+) and as a hydroxide (Cu(OH2)) . Copper also plays a very important role in the development and functioning of many living organisms, where it is a microelement necessary for the functioning of mary mammalian body systems.

10

Study on laser welding of a copper material and stainless steel

Wang Renping

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

|

T. 103, nr 9

963--967

EN

A com. fiber laser was used to weld Cu and stainless steel plates. The laser power was 2.2 kW, the welding speed 2.5 mm/s, the spot diam. about 0.5 mm, and the wire feeding speed 2-3.5 mm/s. Ar gas flow rate was 10 L/min. The weld produced was smooth and defect-free, the grain distribution was uniform and the mech. properties of the joint were high. The av. tensile strength of the welded joints was 984 MPa, and the av. yield strength of the joints was 351.4 MPa. The superior ity and potential of laser welding in dissimilar metal welding was evidenced.

PL

Do spawania płyt z miedzi i stali nierdzewnej użyto komercyjnego lasera światłowodowego. Moc lasera wynosiła 2,2 kW, prędkość spawania 2,5 mm/s, średnica plamki ok. 0,5 mm, prędkość podawania drutu 2-3,5 mm/s, a natężenie przepływu argonu 10 L/min. Uzyskana spoina była gładka i wolna od wad, rozkład ziarna był równomierny. Spoina miała dobre właściwości mechaniczne. Średnia wytrzymałość na rozciąganie spoin spawanych wynosiła 984 MPa, a średnia granica plastyczności spoin to 351,4 MPa. Udowodniono potencjał spawania laserowego w spawaniu różnych metali.

11

Friction stir lap welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys ‎with copper particles ‎additives

Ali Ghusoon Ridha Mohammed, Mubarak Ethar Mohammed, Al-Kalali Rawaa Hamid, Hussein Emad Ali

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 29, no. 4

33--46

EN

Friction stir lap welding (FSLW) of dissimilar Aluminum alloys (AA1100 with AA6061) is ‎investigated using a 3 ‎mm sheet’s thick. These alloys are difference in physical characteristics, strength, and melting temperatures, at different tool ‎rotation speeds (560,900 and 1400) rpm and various feed rate (16, 40 and ‎‎125) mm/min, with ‎cylindrical pin geometry having two tilt angle: 0°, 3° was used. Copper particles were added ‎to ‎the weld zone to make composite friction stir welded joints using the best welding ‎conditions. Many tests and ‎inspections were carried out to evaluate the joint quality and the ‎soundness of weldments. The highest value of tensile strength and efficiency at (1400, 40, 3̊) while hardness recorded (97.5HV) at stir zone of FSLW and it go downs along the HAZ and base metals of AA1100 and AA6061.

12

Pollution indicators of heavy metals in the sediments of the Lepenc River in Kosovo

Dreshaj-Lecaj Elida, Haskaj Adelina, Paçarizi Musaj

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

|

Vol. 50, nr 3

77--87

EN

The sediments of the Lepenc River in Kosovo have been investigated, by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The concentrations of such metals as As, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, Ti, V, Y, Zn and Zr were analyzed in six different locations. The most of metals analyzed had median values higher than those in European steam sediment. Basic statistics, Pearson’s correlation and cluster analysis were performed to better explain the data of metal concentrations in the river sediments. Four groups of elements were identified by cluster analysis based on their geogenic or anthro-pogenic origin. The sediments were mostly contaminated with potentially toxic elements (As, Cr, Cu and Ni). The contamination factors (CF) for different metals and locations ranged from 1.8 to 5.33, and the pollution load index (PLI) from 2.42 to 3.09. Nickel and chromium contributed the most to sediment pollution, and their geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) in all locations were higher than 1. The most polluted sediment samples were in two locations, in the vicinity of a nickel mine and a cement factory.

13

Copper(II) removal from wastewater using pine cone derived activated carbon

Chyad Tasnim Fahim, Al-Saedi Rasha, Hammood Zaman Ageel

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2024

|

Vol. 31, nr 4

539--549

EN

Inappropriate disposal of wastewater including heavy metals may lead to serious public health problems. Among conventional wastewater treatment methods, adsorption is the preferred treatment technique, due to its advantages such as cheapness, simplicity, and flexibility in design and operation. In recent years, there has been an urgent need toward the production of low-cost alternatives to the commercial activated carbon which has a greater adsorption capacity with high porous and large surface area. In this experiment, activated carbon that derived from pine cone (PCAC) has been investigated as a new adsorbent to remove copper(II) ion from wastewater. The adsorption process of copper(II) ion from aqueous solution was carried out in a batch mode to study the effects of adsorbent dose (0.5 g/50 mL - 2 g/50 mL), initial pH (2-8), and initial concentrations (5 mg/L - 20 mg/L). The results indicated that activated carbon obtained from pine cone was an efficient adsorbent for the copper removal from the aqueous solution. Removal of copper ion from aqueous solution was dependent on the adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial Cu concentration, achieving maximum adsorption efficiency (99 %) at 2 g/50 mL, 6, and 20 mg/L, respectively.

14

Friction welding of UFG copper using the W2Mi prototype machine

Morawiński Łukasz, Jasiński Cezary, Goliński Jacek, Chmielewski Tomasz M.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2024

|

Vol. 24, no. 3

art. no. e139, 2024

EN

When welding ultra-fine-grained metals using conventional methods, the microstructure in the joint area is degraded (mainly due to recrystallization) in the heat-affected zone and a significant deterioration of mechanical properties, including joint strength. The aim of the research presented in this article was to identify the possibility of obtaining joints with strength close to initial material using friction welding of metal materials with ultra-fine grain. For this purpose, UFG (ultra-fine-grained) material was produced from technically pure M1Ez4 copper using a hybrid SPD (severe plastic deformation) process. The welding process was carried out on a machine with a prototype design that allows minimizing the welding time, while generating high force. The process parameters used on the prototype machine resulted in an increase in the hardness of the material by 4% in the joint area. The strength of the joint compared to the base material decreased slightly by 2%. The tests carried out proved that, using appropriate process parameters, it is possible to obtain a UFG metal joint without a decrease in its mechanical strength.

15

Polskie górnictwo i hutnictwo miedzi w sztuce medalierskiej

Świsulski Dariusz

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2023

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R. 91, nr 9

82--96

PL

Polska jest jednym z największych producentów miedzi na świecie. W artykule przypomniano historię górnictwa miedzi od najdawniejszych lat przez odkrycie złóż miedzi przez Jana Wyżykowskiego do czasów współczesnych. Obecnie górnictwem i hutnictwem miedzi zajmuje się wiele przedsiębiorstw w ramach KGHM Polska Miedź. Ich opis zilustrowano zdjęciami: medali, plakiet i statuetek, które znajdują się w zbiorach autora.

EN

Poland is one of the largest copper producers in the world. The article presents the history of copper mining from the earliest years, the discovery of copper deposits by Jan Wyżykowski up to the present day. The mining and metallurgy of copper is currently carried out by companies in KGHM Polska Miedź. The descriptions are illustrated with photos of medals, plaques and statuettes, which are in the author's collection.

16

Biosorpcja jonów miedzi na granulkach alginianowych : skuteczność procesu w warunkach ustalonych

Trawczyńska Ilona, Kwiatkowska-Marks Sylwia

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 12

1364--1366

PL

Przedstawiono symulację biosorpcji jonów miedzi na granulkach alginianowych dla ustalonych wartości temperatury procesu. Ze względu na koszty związane z etapem chłodzenia często wymagane jest prowadzenie procesów w temperaturze zbliżonej do temperatury otoczenia. Na podstawie zaproponowanego modelu matematycznego obliczono skuteczność procesu biosorpcji w wąskim zakresie temp. 20-25°C, często stosowanym w przemyśle. Uzyskane wyniki dowodzą dużej wrażliwości procesu biosorpcji na zmianę temperatury. Obliczone wartości efektywnego współczynnika dyfuzji Deᵀ mieszczą się w przedziale 0,55-0,67∙10⁻⁹ m²/s, a przedstawione wyniki potwierdzają możliwość łatwego prognozowania De za pomocą proponowanej metody.

EN

A math. model of the biosorption process of Cu ions by alginates was created. The biosorption efficiency was detd. using the values of the effective diffusion coeff. (De) depending on the temperature, pH of the Cu soln. (P) and alginate content in the granules (C). Formulas for calcg. P and C were developed for the biosorption process carried out at temp. in the range of 9.8-60.2°C. The results prove the sensitivity of the biosorption process to temp. changes. The calcns. enable easy prediction of the effective diffusion coeff. De of the biosorption process.

17

The effect of cooper, zinc and selenium on skin condition

Kulik Anna

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2023

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nr 2(83)

23--30

EN

Trace elements are essential for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the body, and condition the proper functioning of the human organism. Micronutrients influence a number of metabolic processes in the dermis and epidermis. An excess or deficiency of trace elements may represent a potential threat to human health with implications for skin condition. This study reviews the literature on the effects of copper, zinc and selenium on skin condition.

PL

Pierwiastki śladowe są niezbędne dla zachowania homeostazy ustroju, warunkują prawidłowe funkcjonowanie organizmu człowieka. Mikroelementy wpływają na szereg procesów metabolicznych zachodzących w skórze właściwej i naskórku. Nadmiar lub niedobór pierwiastków śladowych może stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla zdrowia człowieka, a tym samym wpływać na kondycją skóry. W pracy dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa obejmującego zagadnienia wpływu miedzi, cynku i selenu na stan skóry.

18

Manufacturing Cu-Pb alloys and studying efficiency in resisting oxidation

Sufian Amina, Hamood Mahmood Ahmad Al- Jiboori

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2023

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nr 12

388--392

EN

Binary alloys of copper and lead were produced by casting these elements in specially designed moulds with dimensions appropriate to the tests to be carried out on them. The effectiveness of these alloys in resisting oxidation was then studied in an atmosphere of a mixture of sodium chloride vapour and sodium sulphate at specific concentrations and heating the mixture to 180°C. Recently, corrosion has become a major problem in the overall performance of many engineering devices due to automotive exhaust gases produced by the internal combustion engine, which leads to corrosion of materials that make up some components of engineering industries. Copper also has good corrosion performance due to the formation of a copper oxide layer, which has made it the most important material in industrial applications. Through this research, we have achieved the desired goal as the alloys produced have shown their efficiency in resisting saline and acidic conditions and at high levels. The best sample is Cu95Pb5 and Cu90Pb10 with little difference between them in terms of efficiency. The aim of this work is to produce alloys and study their efficiency in resisting oxidation at high temperatures.

PL

Binarne stopy miedzi i ołowiu zostały wytworzone metodą odlewania w specjalnie zaprojektowanych formach o wymiarach dostosowanych do badań. Odporność stopów na utlenianie została zbadana w atmosferze mieszaniny oparów chlorku sodu i siarczanu sodu w określonych stężeniach i po podgrzaniu mieszaniny do 180°C. Korozja jest poważnym problemem, zaburza funkcjonowanie wielu urządzeń inżynieryjnych. Jej źródłem są m.in. spaliny wytwarzane przez silniki spalinowe. Miedź ma dobre właściwości antykorozyjne ze względu na warstwę tlenku miedzi, tworzącą się na jej powierzchni w wyniku utleniania. Z tego względu jest głównym materiałem stosowanym w przemyśle. Badane stopy miedzi i ołowiu wykazały wysoką odporność na działanie soli i kwasów w dużych stężeniach. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano dla stopów Cu95Pb5 i Cu90Pb10 (różnica między nimi była niewielka). Celem pracy było zbadanie odporności wytworzonych stopów na utlenianie w wysokich temperaturach.

19

Optimisation of femtosecond laser micromachining of copper with AI algorithms

Garasz Katarzyna, Kocik M., Barbucha R., Tański M., Petrov T. S., Mohamed-Seghir M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 121, nr 2

267--274

EN

To investigate the application of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in optimising femtosecond laser micromachining processes for copper, addressing the critical need for precision and efficiency in micro-scale manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach The objectives are achieved by employing AI algorithms, including machine learning and neural networks, to analyse and optimise laser parameters for copper micromachining systematically. The approach combines theoretical modelling and experimental validation. Findings The research has shown that it is possible to apply artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for modelling and optimising quality characteristics in laser micromachining materials in a femtosecond regime. The results were promising with a challenging material and moderate-sized training set. The best validation performance was approx. 0.094. So far, this study provides basic guidelines for applying AI in laser micromachining of materials and adds to the newest research in this area. The results of the research also provide a deeper knowledge of the ablation mechanisms and will contribute to a coherent theory of ultrashort pulse laser–matter interactions. Research limitations/implications While this research represents a significant advancement in the field, it acknowledges certain limitations, primarily related to the complexity of femtosecond laser-material interactions and secondly related to small amounts of data, not easily scalable to feed the AI algorithms. Practical implications The outcomes of this study provide practical information for industries reliant on micro-scale manufacturing, such as electronics, micro-mechanics and precision instrumentation. Manufacturers can leverage the AI-driven optimization techniques presented here to improve product quality, reduce production costs, and expedite time-to-market. The optimised parameters result in reduced material waste, improved machining precision, and increased productivity. Originality/value The paper contributes to the field by demonstrating the original value of AI algorithms in optimizing femtosecond laser micromachining processes for copper. It introduces a novel approach marries cutting-edge AI techniques with intricate manufacturing processes, offering a unique perspective on the future of precision micro-manufacturing. The value of the research extends to materials scientists, manufacturing engineers, and AI practitioners seeking innovative solutions in materials processing and AI-driven optimisation.

20

Study on Technological Solutions to Increase the Recovery and Quality of the Copper Concentrate at Ta Phoi Beneficiation Plant in Vietnam

Nhu Thi Kim Dung, Pham Thi Nhung, Vu Thi Chinh, Le Viet Ha

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 1

231--234

EN

The Ta Phoi beneficiation plant is one of the main copper beneficiation plants in Vietnam. The plant has been put in operation since 2019 and annually process more than one million tons of ROM copper ore to collect 32 thousand tons of copper concentrate of 23% Cu. In the first years of operation the plant’s metallurgical performance has not been consistent and not been as good as in design. The most important task at the company in this day is to improve and stabilize this performance with a target to obtain the copper concentrate of 23% Cu and recovery of over 91.5%. This report presents some research results to increase the recovery and quality of the copper concentrate at Ta Phoi beneficiation plant. As the results, some technological solutions have been proposed concerning the optimization of the reagent regime as well as of flotation flowsheet. Some of these solutions have been tested directly in the plant production line and have the perspective to apply.