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1
Content available Thermal efficiency of the thermal storage walls
EN
The article presents a procedure for calculating the thermal parameters of the thermal storage wall and determining its thermal efficiency. To illustrate the thermal efficiency of the thermal storage wall, seven characteristic material solutions were selected for the accumulation layer, nine types of glazing for the collector, two construction profiles for the collector, and two spacer frames in insulating glass. The equivalent heat transfer coefficient defining the thermal efficiency of the thermal storage walls is the most reliable parameter. The results obtained indicate that there are potential possibilities to construct collector accumulation walls with the value of the equivalent heat transfer coefficient Ur < 0.0 W/(m2K) in any facade orientation in any month of the year.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono procedurę określania parametrów cieplnych ściany kolektorowo‑akumulacyjnej i określania jej efektywności cieplnej. W celu zobrazowania efektywności cieplnej takiej ściany wybrano siedem charakterystycznych rozwiązań materiałowych warstwy akumulacyjnej, dziewięć rodzajów przeszklenia kolektora, dwa profile konstrukcyjne kolektora oraz dwie ramki dystansowe w szybach zespolonych. Równoważny współczynnik przenikania ciepła określający efektywność cieplną ścian kolektorowo‑akumulacyjnych jest najbardziej miarodajnym parametrem. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że istnieją potencjalne możliwości konstruowania ścian kolektorowo‑akumulacyjnych o wartości równoważnego współczynnika przenikania ciepła Ur < 0,0 W/(m2K) w przypadku dowolnej orientacji elewacji w każdym miesiącu roku.
EN
This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the untapped geothermal potential of Egypt’s Central Eastern Desert, highlighting its viability as a promising contender in the pursuit of sustainable energy resources. Through a rigorous multi-disciplinary approach, we systematically assess the feasibility of deploying geothermal energy in the region, supported by meticulous analysis of diverse data sources, including aeromagnetic and radiometric datasets. Our study identifies two primary sources of heat flow energy: granitic rocks enriched with radioactive minerals and dynamic geological motions. By using techniques such as derivative analysis, power spectra analysis, and heat flow calculations, we evaluate the geothermal potential using aeromagnetic data. The tilted derivative operator enables the detection of geological structures, while Curie depth points (CDPs) provide insights into the geothermal gradient and heat flow maps, revealing the distribution of subsurface heat. Surface heat flow calculations further assess the energy generation potential. Additionally, our analysis incorporates methods to estimate radioactive heat production within geological formations, considering uranium, thorium, and potassium isotopes. The ratios of potassium to thorium and uranium to thorium serve as indicators of hydrothermal alteration zones. The research findings reveal a wide range of heat flow values within the depths of the Curie depth point (CDP), ranging from 200 to 700 W/m2. At the surface, observed heat flow values range from 6 to 22 mW/m2, although relatively lower in magnitude, still hold significant potential for energy production. It is important to acknowledge the contribution of radioactive minerals, as the heat production from these sources ranges from 0 to 35 W/m3. Collectively, these heat sources present viable opportunities for energy extraction, particularly in the area between Safaga and Qusier and the area south of Qusier to Marsa Allam. Surface heat flow and radioactive heat production offer promising prospects for sustainable energy generation.
EN
Regional estimation of Curie-point depth (CPD), subsurface heat flow and geothermal gradients variations in the Shelleng area and environs of northeastern Nigeria was carried out in this study using spectral analysis of high-resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data. The HRAM data were divided into nine (9) overlapping blocks and each of the blocks was analyzed to obtain the 2D radially averaged power spectrum which enabled the computation of depths to the top and centroid of magnetic sources. The obtained values were then used to determine the depth to the bottom of magnetic bodies or the CPD, geothermal gradients and crustal heat flow changes in the study area. Results showed that CPD varies from 7.56 ± 0.122 to 18.01 ± 0.324 km, with an average of 11.72 ± 0.166 km; geothermal gradient values vary between 32.20 and 76.72 °C/ km, with an average of 52.76 °C/km, while heat flow variations range from 80.51 to 191.80 mW/m2, with an average of 131.85 mW/m2. Shallow CPD zones identified in the northeastern, western and southwestern portions of the study area correspond to zones of high geothermal gradient values and high subsurface heat flow distributions. These areas signify zones associated with anomalous subsurface thermal conditions and were therefore recommended for further detailed geothermal energy exploration studies.
PL
W artykule opisano wyniki analizy i optymalizacji wybranych parametrów węzła połączenia płyty balkonowej ze ścianą na podstawie modeli matematycznych. Wyniki opierają się na poprzednim badaniu – ocena istotności wpływu 15 różnych czynników, charakteryzujących parametry tego węzła, z których sześć zostały zakwalifikowane jako istotne. W niniejszym badaniu dla istotnych czynników opracowano modele matematyczne zależności temperatury ϑimg (funkcja Y1) w miejscu występowania najniższej temperatury w analizowanym węźle oraz liniowego współczynnika przenikania ciepła ψim (funkcja Y2) mostka termicznego, występującego w tym miejscu, od czynników: X1 – grubość izolacji termicznej górnej części płyty balkonowej; X2 – grubość izolacji termicznej dolnej części płyty balkonowej; X3 – grubość izolacji termicznej górnej części stropu wewnątrz budynku; X4 – grubość izolacji termicznej ściany zewnętrznej; X5 – współczynnik przewodzenia ciepła izolacji termicznej ściany zewnętrznej; X6 – grubość płyty balkonowej. Na podstawie wyników eksperymentu obliczeniowego, uzyskanych na drodze symulacji z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania THERM 7.6 opracowano deterministyczne modele matematyczne tych zależności. Modele pozwoliły oszacować stopień i charakter wpływu badanych czynników na temperaturę ϑimg i liniowy współczynnik przenikania ciepła ψim oraz przeprowadzić optymalizację parametrów. Informacja może być przydatna dla naukowców, inżynierów i decydentów, przy podejmowaniu prawidłowych decyzji na etapie projektowania nowych budynków mieszkalnych.
EN
The article describes the results of the analysis and optimization of selected parameters of the junction between the balcony slab an he wall based on a mathematical model. The results are based on a previous study after assessing the significance of the influence of 15 different factors characterizing the parameters of this node, from which 6 significant ones were selected. In this study, mathematical models of the dependence of the temperature ϑimg (function Y1) at the location of the lowest temperature in the analyzed node and the linear heat transfer coefficient ψim (function Y2) of the thermal bridge occurring in this location on the following factors were developed for important factors: X1 – thermal insulation thickness the upper part of the balcony slab; X2 – thickness of thermal insulation of the lower part of the balcony slab; X3 – thickness of thermal insulation of the upper part of the ceiling inside the building; X4 – thickness of thermal insulation of the external wall; X5 – thermal conductivity coefficient of external wall thermal insulation; X6 – thickness of the balcony slab. Based on the results of the computational experiment obtained by simulation using THERM 7.6 software, deterministic mathematical models of these relationships were developed. The models made it possible to estimate the degree and nature of the influence of the studied factors on temperature ϑimg and linear heat transfer coefficient ψim, and optimize the parameters. The information may be useful for scientists, engineers and decision-makers when making correct decisions at the stage of designing new residential buildings.
EN
This study employed the Japanese Ocean flux data sets with use of remote sensing observations version 2 (JOFURO2) to examine global-scale seasonal variations and trends in Latent heat flux (LHF) over a 19-year period. Furthermore, additional analysis has been conducted to determine the response of LHF to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. To assess variability, trends, and strength of relationships with ENSO, statistical score analysis was employed using seasonal means, standard deviations, linear trends, and linear correlations, respectively. In this study, the seasons were classified as December-January-February (DJF), March-April-May (MAM), June-July-August (JJA), and September-October-November (SON). The result of the study revealed that the highest LHF values tracked the annual movement of the sun. In the Northern Hemisphere, the highest spatial trends occurred during DJF, while JJA exhibited the peak values in the Southern Hemisphere. This spatial pattern aligns with the seasonal means of LHF, where the highest and lowest standard deviations and trends coincide with the corresponding regions of high and low LHF. This finding suggests that the standard deviation patterns support the observed variability in seasonal LHF means. The strongest spatial correlations between LHF and ENSO were observed over the Indian Ocean during the SON season. In contrast, the correlations between LHF and ENSO in the Atlantic Ocean exhibited spatial heterogeneity, with a significant correlation only during the DJF season. In general, the seasonal spatio-temporal patterns suggest a dynamic link between LHF and ENSO, potentially linked to large-scale monsoon system changes, the specific locations and distributions of positive/negative trends and standard deviations in LHF reveal a spatial response that appears independent of the ENSO phenomenon.
EN
In this study, an interactive analysis combined measurements of surface radiogenic heat production (RHP) and sub-surface heat flow data to predict the crustal thermal regime of the area. The radioactive decay of 40 K, 232Th and 238U radionuclides in combination with other processes generate a significant quantity of heat within the earth’s crust which can be utilized to produce green energy. Statistical analysis involving a box-whisker plot was used to optimize the generated RHP data with median RHP value of each lithologic unit presented as 3.2 gW m-3 (diorite), 2.9 gW m-3 (granodiorite), 3.1 gW m-3 (granite) and 2.7 gW m-3 (quartzdiorite). The results are in tandem with similar studies around the globe and are in near approximation to measurements that depict high heat production character. Heat generation predictions were extrapolated from the RHP values and displayed in percentile plots. The study showed that quartzdiorite presented the largest variation (from 5.2740 to 8.7185 HGU) in the region, followed by granite (from 6.1127 to 8.7445 HGU), then diorite (from 6.499 to 8.8975 HGU) and granodiorite (from 5.9870 to 8.3762 HGU). Heat flow measurements in 12 site holes within the granitoid emplacement showed averaged values of 48.5, 40.9, 48.5 and 28.9 mW m-2 for diorite, granodiorite, granite and quartzdiorite plutons, respectively. The analyzed thermal properties in this study suggest that the surface plutons are not deep-seated. An explanation for the high thermal condition of the deep-seated crustal rocks was adduced to tectonic events that distributed radioelements into reactivated inter-rift crustal blocks.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań dotyczących oceny skuteczności działania folii refleksyjnych w systemach ściennych i dachowych, pod względem poprawy ich izolacyjności cieplnej. W przypadku wybranych rozwiązań przegród pionowych (z folią i bez folii), stosując metodę skrzynki grzejnej, wyznaczono współczynniki przejmowania ciepła przez powierzchnie z powłokami refleksyjnymi na podstawie pomiaru temperatury i gęstości strumienia ciepła. Celem badań było określenie efektywności działania folii refleksyjnych w określonych warunkach wymiany ciepła, biorąc pod uwagę charakter dominującego źródła ciepła w pomieszczeniu.
EN
The authors simply refer to the results of research on the evaluation of reflective technologies in walls and roof systems, in terms of improving the thermal insulation of these elements. For selected vertical partition solutions (with foil, without foil) using the heat box method, heat transfer coefficients for surfaces with reflective coatings were determined based on temperature measurements and heat flux density. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of reflective foils under specific heat transfer conditions taking into account the nature of the dominant heat source in the room.
EN
This paper describes the study of ventilated car disc brakes stress-strain conditions and friction under the pressure using the ANSYS environment. Such influencing factors are taken into account in the course of research as angular speed value, the pressure of the pads on the disk, the nature of the load application, convection, thermal expansion, etc. Computer modelling of the stress field and the transient thermal field in the area of contact between the pads and the disk is provided by the method of sequential thermostructural communication of the intermediate states of the brake model directly in the ANSYS Coupled Field Transient environment. Besides, the ANSYS calculations were also performed based on the primitive assembly model of two steel blocks (the discrepancy was less than 3%) to determine the identity of the theoretical knowledge about the heating of bodies as a result of the work to overcome frictional forces. Finally, a high level of calculation results convergence by analytical formulas and computer modelling was established. Since this approach justified itself, its principles were taken as a basis in the calculations of ventilated disc brakes of cars, which significantly facilitates their application, knowing the area of the active part of the disc (the rest of the boundary conditions are typical and correspond to the normal operating modes of the vehicle).
EN
The article provides an experimental analysis of the behavior and changes in thermophysical properties of the thermal insulation systems most commonly used in construction during the entire life of the buildings. Experimental data on temperature fluctuations and distribution of heat flow density of a thermally modernized section of a wall-enclosing structure insulated by various methods for 6 years were obtained and the values of the actual coefficients of thermal conductivity of various heat-insulating materials were compared in the first approximation. The need to assess the influence of the service life on the thermophysical properties of heat-insulating materials used in the thermal modernization of buildings of various purposes is experimentally substantiated.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wstępną analizę wymagań dotyczących mocy urządzeń układu klimatyzacji odpowiedzialnych za wytworzenie strumieni ciepła do ogrzewania i chłodzenia wnętrza kabiny pasażerskiej pojazdu kołowego wysokiej mobilności w różnych warunkach ruchu. Punktem wyjścia do analizy było zbudowanie modelu matematycznego opisującego strumienie ciepła oddziaływujące na kabinę pasażerską. W obliczeniach analitycznych uwzględniono dane geometryczne kabiny oraz rodzaj materiałów wykorzystanych do jej wytworzenia. Obliczenia wykonano dla kilku reprezentatywnych wariantów użytkowania pojazdu, otrzymując graniczne wartości mocy układu chłodzenia i ogrzewania wnętrza kabiny.
EN
The article presents a preliminary analysis of the power requirements of the air-conditioning system devices responsible for the generation of heat fluxes for heating and cooling the interior of the passenger compartment of a high-mobility wheeled vehicle in various traffic conditions. The starting point for the analysis was building a mathematical model describing the heat fluxes affecting the passenger compartment. The analytical calculations took into account the geometric data of the compartment and the type of materials used for its production. The calculations were made for several representative variants of the vehicle use, obtaining the limit values of the power of the cooling and heating system of the compartment interior.
EN
The paper discusses existing models used to estimate the thermal conductivity of the soil medium. The considerations are divided into three general sections. In the first section of the paper, we focus on the presentation of empirical models. Here, in the case of Johansen method, different relations for Kersten number are also presented. In the next part, theoretical models are considered. In the following part, selected models were used to predict measured thermal conductivities of coarse- and fine-grained soils, at different water contents. Based on these predictions as well as on the authors’ experience, a critical assessment of the existing models is provided. The remarks as well as advantages and disadvantages of those models are summarized in a tabular form. The latter is important from a practical point of view; based on the table content, one can simply choose a model that is suitable for the particular problem.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badania strat mocy w układzie kompensatora mocy biernej zbudowanego z baterii kondensatorów i dławików ochronnych. Zaprezentowane wyniki poddano analizie pod kątem możliwości zabudowania kompensatora w przeciwwybuchowej obudowie ognioszczelnej do zastosowania w sieci niskiego napięcia wyrobisk kopalni z zagrożeniem wybuchu metanu i pyłu węglowego.
EN
The results of power losses in the reactive power compensator built of capacitor banks and protective chokes have been presented in the paper. The showed results were analyzed for the possibility of installing the compensator in a flameproof explosion-proof enclosure for use in the low-voltage network of mine headings with the risk of methane and coal dust explosion.
EN
As an independent geothermal proxy, the Curie-point depth has important geodynamic implications, but its estimation from magnetic anomalies requires an understanding of the spatial correlation of source magnetization, mathematically characterized by a fractal exponent. In this paper, we show that fractal exponent and Curie depth are so strongly inter-connected that attempts to simultaneous or iterative estimation of both of them often turn out to be futile. In cases of true large Curie depths, the iterative “de-fractal” method has a tendency of overcorrecting fractal exponents and thereby producing erroneously small Curie depths and smearing out true geological trends. While true fractal exponent can no way be constant over a large area, a regionally fxed fractal exponent is better than any mathematical treatments that are beyond the limit of data resolution and the underlying physics.
EN
This paper aims to investigate 3D static thermoelectroelastic problem of a uniform heat flow in a bi-material periodically layered space disturbed by a thermally and electrically-insulated rigid sheet-like inclusion (so-called anticrack) situated at one of the interfaces. An approximate analysis of the considered laminated composite is given in the framework of the homogenized model with microlocal parameters. Accurate results are obtained by constructing suitable potential solutions and reducing to the corresponding homogeneous thermoelectromechanical (or thermomechanical) anticrack problems. The governing boundary integral equation for a planar interface anticrack of arbitrary shape is derived in terms of a normal stress discontinuity. As an illustration, a complete solution for a rigid circular inclusion is obtained in terms of elementary functions and interpreter from the failure perspective. Unlike existing solutions for defects at the interface of materials, the solution obtained displays no oscillatory behavior.
15
Content available On 3D anticrack problem of thermoelectroelasticity
EN
A solution is presented for the static problem of thermoelectroelasticity involving a transversely isotropic space with a heat-insulated rigid sheet-like inclusion (anticrack) located in the isotropy plane. It is assumed that far from this defect the body is in a uniform heat flow perpendicular to the inclusion plane. Besides, considered is the case where the electric potential on the anticrack faces is equal to zero. Accurate results are obtained by constructing suitable potential solutions and reducing the thermoelectromechanical problem to its thermomechanical counterpart. The governing boundary integral equation for a planar anticrack of arbitrary shape is obtained in terms of a normal stress discontinuity. As an illustration, a closed-form solution is given and discussed for a circular rigid inclusion.
EN
This paper is devoted to experimental and numerical studies of heat distribution in an external building bulkhead. It analyzes the variation of temperature across the width of the bulkheads including the impact of changing external conditions. Mathematical model used in the research is formulated based on a fractional differential equation, which was proven to be a useful tool for describing this type of process in previous paper. Numerical results are compared with experiment data for different bulkhead configurations.
EN
This document compares two measurement methods for the determination of extended turbine maps. One method is to minimize heat flows and thus to maintain the assumption of adiabatic processes even in low speed ranges of turbines. The results obtained were compared with those of the Ostfalia eATL method. Here, is slowed down electrically by an electric motor. The direct comparison of the measurement results shows considerable differences in the turbine efficiency. Furthermore, the graphical comparison illustrates clear advantages of the eATL concept for the evaluation, which result from the width and the position of the generated measurement points.
18
Content available remote Modelling of Welding Processes – Applied Models and Examples
EN
The article aims to present the manner in which welding processes are modelled using dedicated software programmes, provides examples concerning applications of various heat sources and indicates the necessity of performing tests aimed to increase the consistence of simulation results with those obtained in experimental verification.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie sposobu modelowania procesów spawalniczych w programach do ich komputerowego wspomagania. Podano przykłady zastosowania różnych modeli źródeł ciepła. Zwrócono uwagę na potrzebę przeprowadzenia badań mających na celu zwiększenie zgodności wyników symulacji z wynikami rzeczywistymi.
EN
The article aims to present a number of factors affecting the geometrical shape of a liquid metal pool when making welded joints, i.e. factors increasing or decreasing a heat input including the density and efficiency of welding power sources, stirring efficiency, tungsten electrode tip point, heat flow in a material being welded, cooling rate and linear energy supplied to a joint.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu teoretyczne przybliżenie wpływu szeregu czynników wpływających na kształt geometryczny jeziorka ciekłego metalu podczas wykonywania połączeń procesami spawalniczymi. Omawiane czynniki to takie, które zwiększają lub zmniejszają ilość wprowadzonego ciepła, a mianowicie gęstość źródeł ciepła, sprawność źródeł ciepła, sprawność wymieszania, zaostrzenie końcówki elektrody wolframowej, przepływ ciepła w materiale spawanym, szybkość chłodzenia oraz energia liniowa wprowadzona do złącza.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki modelowania przepływu oleju i ciepła w łożysku ślizgowym olejowej pompy zębatej silnika lotniczego. Do badań przyjęto adiabatyczny model filmu olejowego.
EN
The paper presents the results of modeling the oil and heat flows in the bearing slide of oil pump gear in the aircraft engine. The study was conducted with reference to adiabatic model of oil film.
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