Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

New strategy for the designation of the integrity parameter in SBAS positioning in air transport

Mrozik Magda, Kozuba Jarosław, Krasuski Kamil, Ćwiklak Janusz, Bakuła Mieczysław, Beldjilali Bilal

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 122

239--252

EN

The article shows the results of a study on the determination of SBAS satellite positioning integrity parameters as a HPL and VPL protection levels. To this end, a modified algorithm was developed to determine the HPL and VPL protection levels from a common aircraft position navigation solution based on EGNOS and SDCM augmentation systems. The developed mathematical scheme was verified on real GNSS kinematic data recorded by two onboard Septentrio AsterRx2i and Trimble Alloy receivers installed on a Diamond DA 20-C aircraft. Based on the conducted tests, it was found that the HPL parameter does not exceed 12.24 m, while respectively the VPL does not exceed 18.01 m. In addition, in the course of the study it was found that the proposed EGNOS+SDCM solution improves the HPL/VPL integrity determination in relation to the EGNOS solution by 8÷66%. The mathematical scheme used in the study was also applied to designation the HPL/VPL terms for the UAV platform. The obtained results of the HPL/VPL values for the positioning of the aircraft and the UAV platform show a high efficiency of the developed algorithm for improving the integrity parameter.

2

Accuracy analysis of UAV coordinates using EGNOS and SDCM augmentation systems

Krasuski Kamil, Wierzbicki Damian, Kirschenstein Małgorzata, Żukowska Marta, Gołda Paweł

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 123

75--100

EN

SBAS systems are applied in precise positioning of UAV. The paper presents the results of studies on the improvement of UAV positioning with the use of the EGNOS+SDCM solutions. In particular, the article focuses on the application of the model of totaling the SBAS positioning accuracy to improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of UAVs during the realisation of a test flight. The developed algorithm takes into account the position errors determined from the EGNOS and SDCM solutions. as well as the linear coefficients that are used in the linear combination model. The research was based on data from GPS observations and SBAS corrections from the AsteRx-m2 UAS receiver installed on a Tailsitter platform. The tests were conducted in September 2020 in northern Poland. The application of the proposed algorithm that sums up the positioning accuracy of EGNOS and SDCM allowed for the improvement of the accuracy of determining the position of the UAV by 82-87% in comparison to the application of either only EGNOS or SDCM. Apart from that, another important result of the application of the proposed algorithm was the reduction of outlier positioning errors that reduced the accuracy of the positioning of UAV when a single SBAS solution (EGNOS or SDCM) was used. The study also presents the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of calculating the accuracy of EGNOS+SDCM positioning for the weighted average model. The developed algorithm may be used in research conducted on other SBAS supporting systems.

3

Methodology to improve the accuracy of determining the position of UAVS equipped with single-frequency receivers for the purposes of gathering data on aviation obstacles

Lalak Marta, Krasuski Daniel, Wierzbicki Damian

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2023

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z. 119

83--104

EN

Low-altitude photogrammetric studies are often applied in detection of aviation obstacles. The low altitude of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight guarantees high spatial resolution (X, Y) of the obtained data. At the same time, due to high temporal resolution, UAVs have become an appropriate tool for gathering data about such obstacles. In order to ensure the required accuracy of orientation of the photogrammetric block, Ground Control Points (GCPs) are measured. The recently introduced UAV positioning solutions that are based on Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) are known to effectively reduce, or, according to other sources, even completely eliminate the necessity to conduct GCP measurements. However, the RTK method involves multiple limitations that result from the need to ensure continuous communication between the reference station and the rover receiver. The main challenge lies in achieving accurate orientation of the block without the need to conduct time-consuming ground measurements that are connected to signalling and measuring the GCPs. Such solution is required if the SPP code method is applied to designation the position of the UAV. The paper presents a research experiment aimed at improving the accuracy of the determination of the coordinates of UAV for the SPP method, in real time. The algorithm of the SPP method was improved with the use of IGS products.

4

Examination of different models of troposphere delays in SBAS positioning in aerial navigation

Krasuski Kamil, Kirschenstein Małgorzata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2023

|

z. 118

123--137

EN

This paper presents the results of a study on the use of different tropospheric correction models in SBAS positioning for air navigation. The paper, in particular, determines the influence of the Saastamoinen troposphere and RTCAMOPS models on the determination of aircraft coordinates and mean coordinate errors in the SBAS positioning method. The study uses real kinematic data from a GPS navigation system recorded by an onboard GNSS satellite receiver as well as SBAS corrections. In the experiment, the authors include SBAS corrections from EGNOS and SDCM augmentation systems. The navigation calculations were performed using RTKLIB v.2.4.3 and Scilab 6.1.1 software. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the difference in aircraft coordinates using different troposphere models can reach up to ±2.14 m. Furthermore, the use of the RTCA-MOPS troposphere model improved the values of mean coordinate errors from 5 to 9% for the GPS+EGNOS solution and from 7 to 12% for the GPS+SDCM solution, respectively. The obtained computational findings confirm the validity of using the RTCA-MOPS troposphere model for SBAS positioning in aerial navigation.

5

Accuracy analysis of egnos positioning in flight test in air transport

Krasuski Kamil, Kirschenstein Małgorzata, Michalski Daniel, Ciećko Adam, Grunwald Grzegorz

Aviation and Security Issues

|

2023

|

No. 2

357--373

EN

The purpose of this publication is to determine the accuracy of EGNOS positioning in aviation using correction data from the PRN120 and PRN124 geostationary satellites. The paper compiles GPS satellite data with EGNOS corrections to determine the position of aircraft and to determine positioning accuracy. The study used research material from an airborne experiment carried out in Mielec. GNSS data were elaborated in post-processing mode in the RKTLIB software, and numerical analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel. The average accuracy of EGNOS positioning using data from the PRN120 satellite for B, L, h coordinates was 0.9 m, 0.2 m and 0.3 m, respectively. In contrast, the average accuracy of EGNOS positioning using data from the PRN124 satellite is also similarly 0.9 m, 0.2 m and 0.3 m for BLh coordinates. It was observed that the positioning accuracy at a given measurement epoch is dependent on the number of GPS satellites observed. Furthermore, in the study, the accuracy of EGNOS positioning using corrections from the PRN120 and PRN124 satellites was compared with the certification requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organisation.

PL

Celem niniejszej publikacji jest określenie dokładności pozycjonowania EGNOS w lotnictwie przy użyciu danych korekcyjnych z satelitów geostacjonarnych PRN120 i PRN124. W artykule zastosowano system GPS z poprawkami EGNOS w celu określenia pozycji statku powietrznego i określenia dokładności pozycjonowania statku powietrznego. W badaniu wykorzystano dane z eksperymentu lotniczego przeprowadzonego w Mielcu. Dane GNSS zostały opracowane w trybie post-processingu w oprogramowaniu RKTLIB, a analizy numeryczne wykonano w programie Microsoft Excel. Średnia dokładność pozycjonowania EGNOS z wykorzystaniem danych z satelity PRN120 dla współrzędnych B, L, h wyniosła 0,9 m, 0,2 m i 0,3 m. Natomiast średnia dokładność pozycjonowania EGNOS przy użyciu danych z satelity PRN124 również wynosi 0,9 m, 0,2 m i 0,3 m dla współrzędnych BLh. Zaobserwowano, że dokładność pozycjonowania w danej epoce pomiarowej zależy od liczby obserwowanych satelitów GPS. Ponadto w badaniu dokładność pozycjonowania EGNOS z wykorzystaniem poprawek z satelitów PRN120 i PRN124 została porównana z wymaganiami certyfikacyjnymi Organizacji Międzynarodowego Lotnictwa Cywilnego.

6

Zastosowanie metody pozycjonowania SBAS/EGNOS do wyznaczenia współrzędnych BSP

Jafernik Henryk, Krasuski Kamil, Wierzbicki Damian, Ćwiklak Janusz

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

|

2022

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R. 77, nr 2/3

16--21

PL

W artykule dokonano przedstawienia wyników badań dotyczących wyznaczenia pozycji BSP (Bezzałogowy Statek Powietrzny) z użyciem metody pozycjonowania SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) dla systemu wspomagania EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service). W eksperymencie wykorzystano jednoczęstotliwościowy odbiornik AsteRx-m2 UAS, który rejestrował obserwacje satelitarne GPS (Global Positioning System) oraz poprawki EGNOS. Lot testowy wykonano w 2020 r. w okolicach Warszawy. Obliczenia nawigacyjne dla określenia pozycji BSP podczas lotu wykonano w oprogramowaniu gLAB v.5.5.1. Na podstawie wykonanych obliczeń wyznaczono: współrzędne BSP w układzie elipsoidalnym BLh, błędy średnie współrzędnych BSP, wartości współczynników geometrycznych DOP (Dilution of Precision). Ponadto w trakcie wykonanych obliczeń stwierdzono, że wartości błędów średnich wyznaczonych współrzędnych BSP nie przekraczają 3.6 m, zaś maksymalna wartość współczynnika geometrycznego GDOP (Geometric DOP) jest mniejsza niż 3.5.

EN

The article presents the results of research on the determination of the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) position using the SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) positioning method for the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) support system. The experiment used a single-frequency AsteRx-m2 UAS receiver, which recorded GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite observations and EGNOS corrections. The test flight was made in 2020 near Warsaw. Navigation calculations for determining the UAV position during the flight were made in the gLAB v.5.5.1 software. On the basis of the performed calculations, the following were determined: BSP coordinates in the ellipsoidal system BLh, mean errors of the BSP coordinates, values of the geometric coefficients DOP (Dilution of Precision). Moreover, during the performed calculations, it was found that the mean errors of the determined UAV coordinates do not exceed 3.6 m, and the maximum value of the Geometric DOP coefficient is lower than 3.5.

7

Analysis of the accuracy of EGNOS+SDCM positioning in aerial navigation

Mrozik Magda, Kozuba Jarosław, Krasuski Kamil, Ćwiklak Janusz, Bakuła Mieczysław, Ciećko Adam, Grunwald Grzegorz, Wierzbicki Damian

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 64, iss. 4

135--144

EN

The article presents a modified scheme of determining the accuracy parameter of SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) positioning with use of two supporting systems: EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) and SDCM (System of Differential Correction and Monitoring). The proposed scheme is based on the weighted mean model, which combines single solutions of EGNOS and SDCM positions in order to calculate the accuracy of positioning of the aerial vehicle. The applied algorithm has been tested in a flight experiment conducted in 2020 in north-eastern Poland. The phase of approach to landing of a Diamond DA 20-C1 aircraft at the EPOD airport (European Poland Olsztyn Dajtki) was subjected to numerical analysis. The Septentrio AsterRx2i geodesic receiver was installed on board of the aircraft to collect and record GPS (Global Positioning System) observations to calculate the navigation position of the aircraft. In addition, the EGNOS and SDCM corrections in the “*.ems” format were downloaded from the real time server data. The computations were realized in RTKPOST library of the RTKLIB v.2.4.3 software and also in SciLab application. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the accuracy of aircraft positioning from the EGNOS+SDCM solution ranged from -1.63 m to +3.35 m for the ellipsoidal coordinates BLh. Additionally, the accuracy of determination of the ellipsoidal height h was 1÷28% higher in the weighted mean model than in the arithmetic mean model. On the other hand, the accuracy of determination of the ellipsoidal height h was 1÷28% higher in the weighted mean model than for the single EGNOS solution. Additionally, the weighted mean model reduced the resultant error of the position RMS-3D by 1÷13% in comparison to the arithmetic mean model. The mathematical model used in this study proved to be effective in the analysis of the accuracy of SBAS positioning in aerial navigation.

8

Analysis of the determination of the accuracy parameter for dual receivers based on egnos solution in aerial navigation

Krasuski Kamil, Ćwiklak Janusz, Bakuła Mieczysław, Mrozik Magda

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2022

|

Vol. 16, no. 4

365--372

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the determination of the accuracy parameter for European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System (EGNOS) positioning for a dual set of on-board global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. The study focusses in particular on presenting a modified algorithm to determine the accuracy of EGNOS positioning for a mixed model with measurement weights. The mathematical algorithm considers the measurement weights as a function of the squared inverse and the inverse of the position dilution of precision (PDOP) geometrical coefficient. The research uses actual EGNOS measurement data recorded by two on-board GNSS receivers installed in a Diamond DA 20-C airplane. The calculations determined the accuracy of EGNOS positioning separately for each receiver and the resultant value for the set of two GNSS receivers. Based on the conducted tests, it was determined that the mixed model with measurement weights in the form of a function of the inverse square of the PDOP geometrical coefficient was the most efficient and that it improved the accuracy of EGNOS positioning by 37%–63% compared to the results of position errors calculated separately for each GNSS receiver.

9

Characterizing positioning errors when using the second-generation Australian satellite-based augmentation system

Khaki Mehdi, El-Mowafy Ahmed

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

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2020

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Vol. 55, No. 1

1--15

EN

Fault detection and exclusion (FDE) is the main task for pre-processing of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positions and is a fundamental process in integrity monitoring that is needed to achieve reliable positioning for applications such as in intelligent transport systems. A widely used method is the solution separation (SS) algorithm. The FDE in SS traditionally builds the models assuming positioning errors are normally distributed. However, in urban environments, this traditional assumption may no longer be valid. The objective of this study is to investigate this and further examine the performance of alternative distributions, which can be useful for FDE modelling and thus improved navigation. In particular, it investigates characterization of positioning errors using GNSS when the Australian satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) test bed is used, which comprised different positioning modes, including single-point positioning (SPP) using the L1 global positioning system (GPS) legacy SBAS, the second-generation dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) SBAS service for GPS and Galileo, and, finally, precise point positioning (PPP) using GPS and Galileo observations. Statistical analyses are carried out to study the position error distributions over different possible operational environments, including open sky, low-density urban environment, and high-density urban environment. Significant autocorrelation values are also found over all areas. This, however, is more evident for PPP solution. Furthermore, the applied distribution analyses applied suggest that in addition to the normal distribution, logistic, Weibull, and gamma distribution functions can fit the error data in various cases. This information can be used in building more representative FDE models according to the work environment.

10

SBAS guidelines for shipborne receiver: EGNOS performance based on IMO Res. A.1046 (27)

Magdaleno Sergio, Lacarra Elisabet, Casa de la Carlos, López Manuel, Roldán Roberto, Blanco Nuria

Annual of Navigation

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2019

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No. 26

76--91

EN

The European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) augments the open public service offered by the GPS in Europe making suitable the use of GPS for safety critical applications. EGNOS is designed according to the same standard [ICAO SARPs, 2018] such as US WAAS, Japanese MSAS, GAGAN in India, SDCM in Russia and KAAS in South Korea and provides over Europe both corrections and integrity information about the GPS system. As the European SBAS, EGNOS offers three services: Open Service, Safety-of-life Service and EDAS. In general, the EGNOS Safety-of-life (SoL) Service is intended for transport applications in different domains (and currently in use by Aviation) where lives could be endangered if the performance of the navigation system is degraded below specific accuracy limits without giving notice in the specified time to alert. This requires that the relevant authority of the particular transport domain determines specific requirements for the navigation service based on the needs of that domain. Even if the main objective of the SBAS systems is the civil aviation community, the advantages provided by this technology are very useful to users from other domains. In this sense, a new EGNOS service for maritime is currently under development with the objective to complement the existing maritime radionavigation systems (e.g. DGNSS) in the European region for enhanced accuracy and integrity information where there is no back-up infrastructure or in poorly covered environments. One of the steps needed for the development of this new EGNOS maritime service is the definition of a minimum set of recommendations for receiver manufacturers to provide them with a clear view on how to design their SBAS receivers to be compliant with the requirements defined for such a service. For that, EC, GSA, ESA and ESSP SAS have been working together since 2016 to develop guidelines for manufacturers for the implementation of SBAS in shipborne receiver. These guidelines, developed in the frame of the SBAS Working Group created in the Special Committee (SC) 104 on Differential Global Navigation Satellite Systems (DGNSS) of Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM), define a minimum set SBAS messages to be compliant with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Resolution A.1046 and additionally provide a test specifications. This paper presents a summary of these SBAS guidelines as well as the preliminary list of tests that must be fulfilled to be compliant. Additionally, a preliminary performance assessment of the EGNOS maritime service based on IMO Res. A.1046 (27) for a 24-months period during 2016, 2017 and 2018 is presented. The performance parameters are calculated using real data to show what level of performance was attained by EGNOS. The assessment was done using both EGNOS ground monitoring stations (RIMS) and fault-free receivers, based on these guidelines, fed with actual data. The performance is shown for each performance parameter defined in the IMO Res. A.1046 (27) and for navigation in Ocean Waters and coastal waters, harbour entrances and harbour approaches. The paper also includes Service Coverage maps representing where EGNOS maritime service based on IMO Res. A.1046 (27) is fulfilling the requirements. Furthermore, GSA and ESSP, with the collaboration of The Norwegian Coastal Administration and Hurtigruten Cruises, carried out a GNSS data collection campaign of 10 days along the Norwegian coast with a trajectory through Trondheim to Kirkenes and Kirkenes to Bergen in February 2018. The aim of this data campaign was to assess EGNOS performance at user level in the maritime domain at high latitudes in Europe. The data campaign includes the navigation outside the MT27 region defined in EGNOS at that moment (70ºN). A performance assessment of EGNOS using some commercial receivers and a software receiver in line with the SBAS guidelines will be presented, showing the observed accuracy and availably results of the EGNOS solution.

11

SBAS/EGNOS enabled devices in maritime

López M., Anton V.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 1

23--27

EN

Nowadays, it is a fact that Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become the primary means of obtaining Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) information at sea. Most of the ships in the world are equipped with GNSS receivers. And currently these users take advantage of different augmentation systems such as DGNSS or SBAS/EGNOS, as they provide an adequate answer, especially in terms of accuracy and integrity. To take advantage of this improved accuracy, direct access to EGNOS in vessels can be achieved through EGNOS-enabled navigation receivers and EGNOS-enabled AIS transponders. Therefore, the natural question is: Are those GNSS receivers SBAS (EGNOS) enabled? In most cases they are; SBAS is being used. This paper provides an analysis of the number of onboard devices, mainly devoted to navigation purposes and AIS transponders, which are SBAS compatible.

12

Assessment of GNSS Position Integrity with the Use of Postprocessed EGNOS Data in the Area of Szczecin-Świnoujście Waterway

Bilewski M., Zalewski P.

Annual of Navigation

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2018

|

No. 25

67--77

EN

GNSS measurements can be supplemented by the information available in EGNOS system even if one has only GNSS receiver that is not processing Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems data. The article describes how to obtain the variances of ranges to the satellites used for positioning when the final antenna position and satellites’ elevation and azimuths values are recorded. To verify how the resultant estimates of position error correspond to real errors the research based on GPS receiver was conducted.

PL

Pomiary GNSS mogą być wspomagane informacją dostępną w systemie EGNOS nawet, gdy wykorzystuje się odbiornik GNSS, który nie jest zdolny do przetwarzania danych z system SBAS. W artykule opisano, w jaki sposób można uzyskać informację o wariancji pomierzonych odległości do satelitów, jeśli znane są pozycja anteny oraz azymuty i wysokości satelitów ponad horyzontem. Dla zweryfikowania, w jakim stosunku pozostają estymowane błędy pozycji względem rzeczywistych błędów przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych z użyciem odbiornika GPS.

13

Presentation of Satellite Based Augmentation System integrity data in an Electronic Chart System display

Zalewski P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2016

|

nr 45 (117)

150--156

EN

We propose a Marine Vessel Protection Area (MVPA) model as the means of satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) integrity data presentation in an electronic chart system (ECS) display. The model takes into account several factors that influence the shape and dimensions of the MVPA. These factors include GNSS signal aspects, where measurement errors depend on the geometry of visible satellites and the signal propagation, the ship’s size, the ship’s heading and its estimated accuracy, position of the GNSS/SBAS antenna relative to the ship’s hull, and SBAS integrity data. The resultant safety contour or domain can be displayed within the ECS or ECDIS as a graphical representation of the marine ship position and the protection level of the electronic position/course fixing equipment, equivalent to the horizontal protection level (HPL) used in aviation.

14

SBAS integrity data in e-navigation systems

Zalewski P.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2016

|

z. 113

495--506

EN

The paper presents the usable form of SBAS integrity data presentation in e-navigation systems. The usability testing of ECDIS display augmented with innovative SBAS integrity data tool was based on the IMO’s Guidelines on Software Quality Assurance and Human-centred Design for e-Navigation. By incorporating the eye tracking techniques into the procedure it was possible to measure the visual attention distribution and the cognitive workload. The applied usability evaluation method proved that the seafarers were able to successfully perform primary operations of the systems reasonably upgraded with SBAS integrity tool and raise their situation awareness, regardless of the type and specifications of the system and their knowledge and experience with the system.

PL

W artykule opisano przyjazny dla użytkownika sposób prezentacji danych wiarygodności (integralności) GNSS pozyskiwanych z SBAS w systemach e-Nawigacji. Test użyteczności zobrazowania ECDIS z danymi SBAS został oparty o wytyczne IMO: „Guidelines on Software Quality Assurance and Human-centred Design for e-Navigation”. Poprzez włączenie do procedury testu technik okulograficznych możliwe było zmierzenie koncentracji wzrokowej użytkownika oraz jego obciążenia poznawczego. Zastosowana metoda oceny pozwoliła dowieść, że nawigatorzy byli w stanie wykonać podstawowe operacje na systemach wyposażonych w narzędzie SBAS podobniejak na systemach bez tego narzędzia równocześnie podnosząc swoją świadomość sytuacyjną.

15

An assessment of the character and usefulness of the information available on the internet about state-owned satellite navigation and satellite-based augmentation systems

Januszewski J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2015

|

nr 44 (116)

123--127

EN

To date, a ship’s position can generally be obtained from functional satellite navigation systems (SNS), such as Global Position Systems (GPS and GLONASS), and Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), such as (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN), MTSAT Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS) and Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). Sometimes these systems are collectively called Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Two more SNS, Galileo and BeiDou, one more SBAS, System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring (SDCM), and new regional systems, such as Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) in Japan and Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) in India, are also under construction. Information about all of these 11 systems is available on the internet. The number of links and the type of the information obtained from two search engines, Google and Bing, for the different keywords concerning each system are shown in the paper. Additionally, the analysis of the character and usefulness of the information placed on the pages of governmental organizations and institutions administering the above-mentioned systems, manufacturers of the satellites, receivers and different kinds of the institutional users is also provided.

16

Integralność nawigacyjnych systemów satelitarnych, globalnych i wspomagających

Januszewski J.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

|

2015

|

nr 5

573--579

PL

Opisano szczegóły częściowej integralności systemu GPS, problem integralności systemów GLONASS i SDCM, proponowane rozwiązania tego problemu w nowo budowanych systemach Galileo i BeiDou oraz nowe techniki, takie jak ARAIM czy też integralności mulitsystemowej.

EN

The details of the partial integrity of GPS system, the integrity problem of GLONASS and SDCM systems, the proposition of the solution of the integrity problem in the systems under construction Galileo and BeiDou, new technologies as ARAIM or multisystem integrity are described in this paper.

17

Future egnos APV procedures implementation in Poland as a chance for small and medium airports development

Kaleta W. Z.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

|

2015

|

Nr 3 (240)

18--26

EN

This paper presents original researches and analysis of EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) due to readiness for Approach Procedures with Vertical Guidance (APV) implementation and development for small and medium airports on Polish territory according to present situation in the western part of Europe. Improving safety, availability, usefulness and cost-effectiveness for aviation transport sector. This work carries out a detailed analysis of the parameters describing and characterizing each augmentation navigational satellites system: accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability. Faults has been pointed out and shortcomings of EGNOS factors according to improvement air transport safety in the most sensitive landing phases. The validated Approach Procedures with Vertical Guidance, using Satellite-Based Augmentations System is paving the way for flying Instrument Landing System type approaches to small and medium airports in the western part of Europe independently of groundbased infrastructure. The instrument APV procedures consists of four phases of flight: Initial Approach, Intermediate Approach, Final Approach and Missed Approach – parts of approach segments. SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) seems to be the first satellite based system that can support FAS (Final Approach Segment) which is the most “sensitive”, important and dangerous part of the instrumental approach procedures based on aircraft’s avionics equipment most time without vertical and horizontal visibility. EGNOS augments the GPS system in order to meet the necessary: accuracy, integrity, availability, continuity envisaged for APV procedures [9]. APV procedure based on EGNOS system is recently the only low-cost chance for small and medium Polish airports development in the aviation transport sector, according to extension and improving augmentation system factors mentioned above.

PL

W artykule przedstawione zostały oryginalne badania i analiza system EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) w odniesienu do implementacji i rozwoju Procedur Podejścia do Lądowania z Prowadzeniem Pionowym w małych i średnich portach lotniczych na terenie Polski, biorąc pod uwagę stan w Europie Zachodniej. Poprawiając tym samym bezpieczeństwo, dostępność, użytkowość i koszty eksploatacji w sektorze transport powietrznego. Praca ta przedstawia dokładną analizę czynników opisujących każdy system wspomagania satelitarnego: dokładność, wiarygodność, ciągłość I dostępność. Niedoskonałości systemu zostały przedstawione w odniesieniu do poprawy bezpieczeństwa transportu powietrznego w najdelikatniejszej fazie lotu – podejścia do lądowania. Powyższa procedura z wykorzystaniem system wspomagającego otwiera szansę rozwoju małym i średnim portom lotniczym w Europie Zachodniej uniezależniając podejście do lądowania od infrastruktury lotniskowej. Podejście instrumentalne APV składa się z czterech faz lotu: Podejście Początkowe, Podejścia Pośredniego, Podejścia Końcowego, Odlotu po Nieudanym Podejściu. System wspomagania satelitarnego, jako pierwszy wspomóc może także fazę Podejścia Końcowego, która jest najniebezpieczniejszą, najważniejszą fazą opartą na urządzeniach pokładowych w większości bez widoczności terenu. EGNOS wspomaga działanie GPS poprawiając niezbędne czynniki: dokładność, wiarygodności, dostępności, ciągłości przewidzianych w procedurach APV. Podejście oparte o EGNOS jest jedyną, niedrogą szansą dla małych i średnich polskich portów lotniczych, na rozwój w sektorze transportu powietrznego w nawiązaniu do rozszerzenia i poprawy czynników wyżej wymienionych. Słowa kluczowe: EGNOS, Satelitarne

18

Wykorzystanie systemów satelitarnych w bezpiecznej nawigacji powietrznej

Ciećko A., Grzegorzewski M., Ćwiklak J., Oszczak S., Grunwald G., Baber K.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 3

744--750, CD 1

PL

Artykuł prezentuje przegląd istniejących systemów nawigacji satelitarnej mających zastosowanie w lotnictwie. Zwięźle opisane zostały zalety ich stosowania z uwzględnieniem spełnienia niezbędnych wymogów związanych z ich wdrożeniem. Skupiono się na najbardziej popularnych systemach, które znajdują obecnie zastosowanie w nawigacji lotniczej na całym świecie. Krótko przedstawione zostały systemy typu SBAS (amerykański WAAS oraz europejski EGNOS), opisano GBAS oraz techniki autonomicznego pozycjonowania satelitarnego dopuszczone w nawigacji. Wskazane zostały zalety zastosowań systemów satelitarnych w nawigacji wraz z przekrojowymi zasadami ich działania. Zwrócono uwagę na rolę dokładności oraz wiarygodności w ich funkcjonowaniu wraz z przedstawieniem algorytmów monitorujących wartości tych parametrów.

EN

The article presents an overview of existing satellite navigation systems applicable in aviation. The advantages of their application were briefly described (taking into account the necessary requirements related to their implementation). Authors focused on the most common operating systems that are currently used in air navigation. The article presents the types of SBAS systems (American WAAS and European EGNOS), GBAS and the techniques related to satellite autonomous positioning allowed in navigation. The advantages of satellite systems applications in navigation with principles of their operation were described. Attention has been paid to the role of accuracy and integrity with the algorithms for monitoring values of these parameters.

19

Analiza dokładności nawigacji z wykorzystaniem odbiornika L1 GNSS

Wrona M.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

6860--6864, CD2

PL

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje wyniki pomiarów przeprowadzonych w celu zbadania precyzji współrzędnych określonych z wykorzystaniem odbiornika GNSS L1. Odbiorniki jednoczęstotliwościowe są znacznie tańsze od odbiorników dwuczęstotliwościowych stąd próba weryfikacji możliwości tych odbiorników w kontekście zastosowań nawigacyjnych. W eksperymencie wykorzystano odbiorniki umożliwiające obserwacje sygnału systemu GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (Globalnaja nawigacionnaja sputnikowaja sistiema) i SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System). Artykuł opisuje wyniki pomiarów przeprowadzonych na dwóch punktach poligonowych.

EN

This article describes results of tests taken with single frequency GNSS receiver. The main task of the trial was to investigate accuracy and precision of coordinates developed with single frequency observations, using GPS, GPS+GLONSS and GPS+GLONSS+SBAS.

20

Examination of EGNOS Safety-of-Live service in Eastern Slovakia

Ciećko A., Grzegorzewski M., Oszczak S., Ćwiklak J., Grunwald G., Balint J., Szabo S.

Annual of Navigation

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2015

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No. 22

65--78

EN

The first PBN approach procedures in Slovakia became operationally effective at Bratislava and Košice airports as of 5 February 2015. The article presents the results of EGNOS Safety-of-Life Service preliminary examination in eastern Slovakia, just before official introduction of these procedures. The practical examination includes static test and test flight made with Cessna plane taking off at the airport in Bidovce — LZBD (just 16 km from international airport in Košice) and passing a route along eastern border of Slovakia. In this region the performance of EGNOS could be unsatisfactory due to lack of RIMS stations to the east from there. The experiment was performed on October 13, 2014 in cooperation of the Air Force Academy in Deblin, the Department of Aviation of Technical University in Košice and University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn.

PL

Pierwsze procedury podejścia do lądowania typu PBN (Performance-Based Navigation) na Słowacji zostały wdrożone na lotniskach w Bratysławie i Koszycach 5 lutego 2015 r. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki wstępnych analiz serwisu Safety-of-Life systemu EGNOS we wschodniej Słowacji, tuż przed oficjalnym wprowadzeniem tych procedur. Badania praktyczne obejmują test statyczny oraz lot testowy wykonany samolotem Cessna z lotniska Bidovce-LZBD (oddalonego zaledwie 16 km od międzynarodowego lotniska w Koszycach) po trasie wzdłuż wschodniej granicy Słowacji. W tym regionie jakość systemu EGNOS może być niezadowalająca z powodu braku stacji monitorujących RIMS na wschód od tego miejsca. Eksperyment przeprowadzono 13 października 2014 r. we współpracy Wyższej Szkoły Oficerskiej Sił Powietrznych w Dęblinie, Wydziału Lotnictwa Politechniki w Koszycach oraz Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie.