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1

Hydrologiczne aspekty ustalenia linii brzegu

Dziubińska Joanna

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2026

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R. 98, nr 2

30--33

PL

Ustalenie linii brzegu jest istotnym zagadnieniem na styku geodezji, hydrologii i prawa wodnego, determinującym granice gruntów pokrytych wodami powierzchniowymi. Pomimo stabilności kryteriów prawnych, w praktyce występują trudności związane z identyfikacją charakteru cieku. Artykuł omawia procedurę ustalenia linii brzegu z perspektywy hydrologicznej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wyznaczania jej przebiegu na podstawie średniego stanu wody z okresu co najmniej ostatnich 10 lat. W odniesieniu do tego kryterium wskazano na ograniczenia dostępnych danych hydrologicznych oraz konieczność udziału hydrologa w postępowaniu.

EN

The determination of the shoreline is an important issue at the intersection of geodesy, hydrology, and water law, determining the boundaries of land covered by surface waters. Despite the stability of legal criteria, in practice there are difficulties associated with identifying the nature of a watercourse. The article discusses the procedure for determining the shoreline from a hydrological perspective, with particular emphasis on determining its course based on the average water level over at least the last 10 years. With regard to this criterion, the limitations of available hydrological data and the need for a hydrologist to participate in the proceedings were pointed out.

2

Ocena wpływu złożonych warunków gruntowo-wodnych na awarię budynku mieszkalnego

Flieger-Szymańska Michalina, Just Miłosz, Węgliński Szymon, Krawczyk Dorota Anna, Jeż Tomasz, Bręk Aleksandra

Przegląd Budowlany

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2026

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R. 97, nr 1

109--112

PL

W artykule przedstawiono studium przypadku awarii budynku mieszkalnego, który zlokalizowany został w Promnicach w pobliżu doliny rzeki Warty. W budynku jednorodzinnym stwierdzono liczne poważne spękania ścian oraz uszkodzenia posadzki. Ponadto teren przyległy do obiektu wykazał oznaki występowania powierzchniowych ruchów masowych. W celu określenia przyczyn awarii przeprowadzono standardowe badania terenowe i laboratoryjne oraz analizę MES, które wykazały występowanie w podłożu złożonych warunków gruntowo-wodnych. Zastosowano również badania ekologiczne w celu zidentyfikowania innych zależności i powiązań ekosystemu budynku i jego najbliższego otoczenia w szerszym kontekście, które mogłyby tłumaczyć zainicjowanie i rozwój awarii. Interdyscyplinarna analiza wpływu czynników geotechnicznych, przyrodniczych aspektów bezpiecznego budownictwa i wpływów antropogenicznych pozwoliła określić prawdopodobne przyczyny awarii.

EN

The article presents a case study of the failure of a residential building located in Promnice, near the Warta River valley. The single-family house exhibited numerous severe wall cracks and significant floor damage, while the surrounding terrain showed evidence of superficial mass movements. In order to determine the causes of the failure, field and laboratory investigations were conducted, complemented by a finite element analysis (FEA). The results revealed the presence of highly complex soil-water conditions within the subsoil. The ecological assessments were carried out to identify additional interdependencies within the building’s ecosystem and its immediate environment in a broader context, potentially accounting for the initiation and progression of the observed damage. An interdisciplinary evaluation of geotechnical conditions, environmental determinants of safe construction, and anthropogenic factors ultimately enabled the identification of the most plausible causes of the failure.

3

Propozycja monitorowania środowiska przyrodniczego na obszarach zaburzonych w świetle wyników ostatnich badań naukowych

Woźniak Gabriela, Chmiel Stanisław, Kucharczyk Marek, Błońska Agnieszka

Przegląd Górniczy

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2025

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T. 82, nr 3

133--140

PL

Monitorowanie środowiska przyrodniczego prowadzone jest w oparciu o aktualny stan prawny. Zapisy zawarte w różnych aktach dotyczących ochrony środowiska nakładają na podmioty monitorujące szereg ograniczeń i obowiązków. Wobec wyzwań monitoringu dynamicznych procesów przyrodniczych na szczególną uwagę zasługuje monitoring hydrologiczny realizowany zgodnie z zaleceniami zawartymi w udzielanych pozwoleniach wodnoprawnych oraz zgodnie z zaleceniami zawartymi w Ramowej Dyrektywie Wodnej (RDW) w art. 8 Dyrektywy 2000/60/WE. Powyższe zalecenia związane są z badaniem elementów fizykochemicznych rzek i cieków. Natomiast analiza elementów biologicznych rzek i cieków realizowana jest najczęściej zgodnie z metodykami Państwowego Monitoringu Środowiska oraz elementów hydromorfologicznych. Równocześnie liczne badania i analizy wykazały, że dotychczasowe systemy monitoringu zalecane przez przepisy prawa są fragmentaryczne i często ograniczone do wycinkowych obszarów oraz pojedynczych komponentów środowiska, co utrudnia szybkie reagowanie na zmiany i ogranicza możliwość długofalowego zarządzania zasobami przyrodniczymi, szczególnie na terenach zaburzonych m.in. przez działalność rolniczą. Monitoring pozwalający na dostęp do wiarygodnych, systematycznie i długoterminowo gromadzonych danych środowiskowych — w szczególności dotyczących zmian warunków hydrologicznych, meteorologicznych oraz stanu biocenoz — jest niezbędny dla skutecznej oceny wpływu na środowisko przyrodnicze działalności człowieka. System monitoringu powinien być zintegrowanym i eksperckim narzędziem do bieżącego i predykcyjnego monitorowania środowiska przyrodniczego. Artykuł prezentuje propozycję interdyscyplinarnego, zintegrowanego systemu monitoringu przyrodniczego, zbudowanego na podstawie wyników najnowszych badań naukowych, dostosowanego do dynamicznych zmian spowodowanych zaburzeniami wynikającymi z działalności człowieka m.in. rolniczej i górniczej.

EN

Monitoring of the natural environment is conducted based on current legal provisions. Provisions contained in various environmental protection acts impose a number of restrictions and obligations on monitoring entities. Given the challenges of monitoring dynamic natural processes, hydrological monitoring, conducted in accordance with the recommendations contained in water permits and in accordance with the recommendations contained in Article 8 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of Directive 2000/60/EC, deserves particular attention. These recommendations relate to the examination of the physicochemical components of rivers and watercourses. Analysis of the biological components of rivers and watercourses is most often conducted in accordance with the methodologies of the State Environmental Monitoring Service and hydromorphological elements. At the same time, numerous studies and analyses have shown that existing monitoring systems recommended by law are fragmented and often limited to fragmented areas and individual environmental components, hindering rapid response to changes and limiting the possibility of long-term management of natural resources, particularly in areas disturbed by agricultural activities, among other factors. Monitoring, which provides access to reliable, systematic, and long-term environmental data—particularly regarding changes in hydrological and meteorological conditions and the state of biocenoses—is essential for effectively assessing the impact of human activity on the natural environment. A monitoring system should be an integrated and expert tool for ongoing and predictive monitoring of the natural environment. This article presents a proposal for a natural environment monitoring system, built on the results of the latest scientific research and adapted to the dynamic changes caused by disturbances resulting from human activities, including agriculture and mining.

4

Water management in dam reservoirs - analysis of operational risks on the example of new facilities

Połomski Maksymilian, Wiatkowski Mirosław

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 64

33--45

EN

Even during normal hydrometeorological conditions, water management in dam reservoirs requires special measures and difficult operational decisions. The situation becomes even more complicated when high or even extreme surges occur. The study, which focused on four newly constructed dam reservoirs, identified key issues that may result in inappropriate operational assumptions being adopted. These include: (1) uncertainty in the values of characteristic flows - this is particularly true for the Krosnowice reservoir, where calculations were based on only one empirical method, (2) uncertainty in the capacity of the discharge devices - the capacity for bottom outlet of the Szalejów Górny reservoir was shown to be 19.5 m3∙s-1 higher than assumed, (3) consequences of attempts to absolutely maintain permitted outflow - for the analysed reservoirs, in the matter of control flow, it ultimately results in exceeding permitted outflow by values ranging from 123.86% (Roztoki Bystrzyckie reservoir) to 2000% (Krosnowice reservoir), (4) considering the cooperation of facilities located in the same catchment - for the wave of the design flow, delaying the outflow from Szalejów Górny reservoir would allow to reduce the total wave in Kłodzko by 41.37%, (5) the need to prepare the multi-purpose reservoirs for the surge - in the event of a design flow surge it would allow to reduce the surge in Kłodzko from 242 to 101.5 m3∙s-1, however it would require a difficult decision to anticipate emptying the facilities in the interval from 18 h before the surge for Szalejów Górny to 4 h before the surge for Boboszów.

5

Zbiornik retencyjny na potoku Wójtowianka w Gliwicach - analiza krytyczna projektu

Kostowski Wojciech, Słupski Jakub, Pasieka Dawid, Śmietański Adam, Malara Magdalena, Zygmunt-Więzik Jolanta

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2025

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Nr 5

8-14

PL

W artykule przedstawiono kontrowersyjny projekt suchego zbiornika retencyjnego na potoku Wójtowianka w Gliwicach. Omówiono warunki hydrograficzne terenu ze wskazaniem braku specyficznego ryzyka powodziowego wywołanego przez rozpatrywany potok. Przedstawiono założenia projektowe, w szczególności przepływ maksymalny miarodajny Q1% = 8,46 m3/s przyjęty do projektu z wcześniejszego opracowania zawierającego elementarne błędy. Wskazano, że zgodnie z opinią ekspercką prawidłowy przepływ odniesiony do przekroju projektowanej zapory powinien wynosić 3,42 m3/s. Omówiono straty w przyrodzie i krajobrazie wywołane błędnym projektem, procedowanym bez zmian mimo przedstawienia licznych ekspertyz, zamówionych przez zaniepokojoną i pominiętą w procesie projektowym stronę społeczną.

EN

The paper presents a controversial project of a dry-type water detention tank on the Wójtowianka brook in Gliwice, Poland. The hydrographic conditions of the site are discussed, with an indication of the lack of specific flood risk caused by the considered stream. Design assumptions are presented: the maximum flow Q1% = 8.46 m3/s adopted for the project from an earlier study containing elementary errors. According to expert opinion the correct flow related to the cross-section of the designed dam should be only 3.42 m3/s. Losses to nature and landscape caused by the erroneous design, which was then implemented without changes despite the presentation of numerous expert opinions commissioned by the public concerned, and previously omitted from the design process, were discussed.

6

Climatic and hydrological conditions for the formation of vegetation cover in the drained Kakhovka reservoir’s territory

Pichura Vitalii, Potravka Larysa, Boiko Pavlo

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 4

357--376

EN

Today, scientists focus on studying the state of natural vegetation cover in the drained Kakhovka reservoir’s territory. In this regard, our research aims to establish the patterns of plant growth and the stability of vegetation cover depending on the current climatic and hydrological conditions in the drained Kakhovka reservoir’s territory. The results were obtained and the conclusions were drawn in the course of conducting comprehensive field research, calibrating and decoding the satellite images of Sentinel 2 L2A in 2023–2024. At the end of September 2023, the area covered with plants was 52.4 thousand hectares. The winter-spring period of 2024 was characterized by favorable climatic conditions, which contributed to spring floods that submerged up to 70% of the drained reservoir’s territory. This led to substantial moisture accumulation in the bottom sediments, contributing to the rapid growth of plant biomass and active chlorophyll synthesis in leaves. At the end of September 2024, the vegetation cover area in the former reservoir’s territory increased twofold. The maximum area of the reservoir’s overgrown bed amounted to 135 thousand hectares in 2023–2024, including 48 thousand hectares with woody plants (willows and poplars); 87 thousand hectares were largely covered with marsh and meadow plants with shrub patches. The lack of precipitation and the abnormal increase in the air temperature in July to the historical maximum (+40.5–42.0 °С) for the examined area provoked an acceleration in evapotranspiration and depletion of moisture reserves in the drained reservoir’s territory. This caused a deterioration in plant growth, drying out, and partial degradation. It was found that at the end of September 2024, 75.3% of vegetation cover was characterized by varying degrees of growth disturbance. A significant disturbance was observed in 43.5% of the area. The premature plant drying caused a loss of good properties of chlorophyll synthesis in 72.8% of the area. Negative processes led to a decrease in the area of healthy vegetation by 26.3 thousand hectares. It was proved that an increase in the frequency of climatic anomalies and a reduction in the discharge volumes from the Dnipro hydroelectric power plant into the former Kakhovka reservoir’s territory is a cause of the complication of plant survival conditions.

7

Assessment of the WRF model in reproducing a flash-flood heavy rainfall event over Kosovo

Osmanaj Lavdim, Spiridonov Irena, Jakimovski Boro, Spiridonov Vlado

Acta Geophysica

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2025

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Vol. 73, no. 1

917--932

EN

This research investigates the efficacy of the cloud-resolving Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in reproducing convective cells associated with flash-flooding heavy rainfall near Peja, Northeast Kosovo, on June 24, 2023. Employing two distinct dynamical cores and a unique numerical setup for the Kosovo domain, numerical experiments were conducted. The study employed a triply nested WRF-ARW model with a high resolution of 3 km horizontal grid spacing, integrating conventional analysis data. Additionally, experiments using the WRF-NMM core with 3 km for a larger domain covering Southeast Europe and Kosovo domain were executed to simulate the specific event. The WRF model accurately simulated the initiation of isolated thunderstorms, convective band formation, cloud cluster, and squall line at the opportune time. While precipitation distribution was reasonably replicated, there was a slight underestimation in the amount. Hydrological analysis of precipitation, including river discharge rates provided from ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, identified a unique storm category with intense precipitation production, registering an intensity of approximately 54.6 mm in 1 h, leading to sudden flash flooding.

8

The use of geosynthetics in hydrotechnical construction

Lalik Martyna, Dąbrowska Dominika

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2024

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nr 2(87)

19--32

EN

A hydrotechnical structure is a structure with devices and technical installations related to them, used for water management and shaping and using water resources. Special attention should be paid to the properties of the used materials, but also to the impact of water and all accompanying processes. Over the years, geosynthetics are increasingly used as a material in construction, including hydrotechnics. The priority aspect when choosing a geosynthetic material is the approach to fulfilling a specific function, reducing investment costs, ensuring stability and strengthening the structure, as well as ease of installation. Due to their wide range of applications and economic advantages, they have gained the reputation of full-fledged building materials. The article presents the most important possibilities of using synthetic polymers in hydrotechnics. The functions and advantages of individual permeable and impermeable materials were taken into account. Most geosynthetics serve as reinforcement, these are geotextiles, triaxial geogrids, geogrids, geocomposites. These materials are used in strengthening the ground and slopes, separating land, as independent drainage and as protection of drainage systems.

9

Flood meteorology, hydrology, and geomorphology of the Upper Godavari River, Western India

Patil Archana D., Hire Pramodkumar S., Bramhankar Gitanjali W., Gunjal Rajendra P., Anwat Vitthal K., Khandare Priti R.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2024

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Vol. 12, Iss. 1

65--82

EN

Meteorological, hydrological, and geomorphological aspects of large floods on the Upper Godavari River were investigated. Synoptic conditions associated with large floods were analyzed to gain an understanding of flood hydrometeorology in the basin. The study reveals that the southwest summer monsoon dominates rainfall in the Upper Godavari Basin (90% of annual rainfall). Moreover, interannual variability was characterized by increased frequency and magnitude of floods primarily after the 1930s and the majority of large floods were connected with low-pressure systems. Unit discharges (Qu) and flash-flood magnitude index (FFMI) were computed to understand the potential for large floods. The high Qu (1.13 and 6.00 m3 s -1 km-2) are likely to be effective in terms of geomorphic changes in the channel. The greater FFMI values (0.27 and 0.56) indicate the flashy and variable nature of floods and the possibility of significant geomorphic work. Parameters of flood hydraulics and hydrodynamics were computed to estimate the efficacy of infrequent and large-magnitude floods. The highest values for unit stream power (5909.61 W m-2) and bed shear stress (609 N m-2) reveal the unusually high capacity of the river to erode and transport coarse sediments. The Froude numbers (>1) confirm extremely erosive supercritical flows. High Reynolds numbers indicate exceedingly turbulent flood discharges, capable of accomplishing a variety of geomorphic activities.

10

Wetland Vegetation of Novel Ecosystems as the Biodiversity Hotspots of the Urban-Industrial Landscape

Błońska Agnieszka, Chmura Damian, Hutniczak Agnieszka, Bakr Jawdat, Wilczek Zbigniew, Dyczko Artur, Plewa Franciszek, Sotek Zofia, Popczyk Marcin, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 7

317--331

EN

Wetlands represent a small proportion of all habitats. Still, they are very important features within the landscape, particularly in the ecosystem mosaic. They are composed of many specifically adapted organisms. Wetlands spontaneously establish and provide a significant source of heterogeneity and diversity in an urban-industrial landscape. Most of Earth’s wetlands are at risk or have disappeared due to human activity. Apart from natural wetlands, unique anthropogenic wetlands are observed in southern Poland. The aim of study was to assess and analyze the water quality and the spontaneous wetland vegetation which has developed on anthropogenic wetland habitats. The study was conducted on the spontaneous wetland vegetation developed in habitats that emerged due to mineral excavation activities of quarries in the Silesia Upland and Krakow-Częstochowa Upland. The research subjects were wetlands that provide special water chemistry conditions for developing the peat bog vegetation. Water sampling and analyses, vegetation recording, and vegetation numerical analyses were conducted on studied wetlands. The results of a study conducted on flooded post-excavation sites revealed that diverse wetland spontaneous vegetation colonized such habitats. This research showed that anthropogenic wetlands can provide habitats for the development of outstanding biodiversity and form a refuge for calcareous plant species and the subsequently assembled rare peat bog vegetation. The high moisture and the increased presence of magnesium and calcium ions are developing in some sites of the post-mineral excavations. Such habitat conditions in anthropogenic wetlands enhance the occurrence of rare calciphilous species. Maintaining the relevant water conditions is crucial for the protection of these sites. The study presented that, quite frequently, the human-induced transformation results in establishing habitats that provide conditions for refuge organisms, mostly plants crucial for conservation perspective, particularly in the urban-industrial landscape. The additional importance of this study is related to the fact that the area of wetlands decreased. Therefore such anthropogenic wetlands should be integrated into urban planning and industrial site management to enhance biodiversity conservation.

11

Profesor Karol Pomianowski - dzieła z zakresu hydrologii i hydrauliki

Sosnowska Anna

Gospodarka Wodna

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2024

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Nr 12

2--5

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono dorobek prof. Karola Michała Pomianowskiego w dziedzinach takich jak hydrologia i hydraulika. Była to postać niezwykle istotna dla rozwoju inżynierii wodnej na Politechnice Warszawskiej. W artykule omówiono dorobek naukowy prof. Pomianowskiego w obszarze hydrologii i hydrauliki, podkreślając, jak ważne były dla niego te dziedziny wiedzy. Zwrócono również uwagę na nowoczesne podejście prof. Pomianowskiego do inżynierii i nauki.

EN

This article presents the life's work of Professor Karol Michał Pomianowski in such fields as hydrology and hydraulics. He was a figure of great significance for the development of water engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology The article presents the scientific works of Professor Pomianowski in the areas of hydrology and hydraulics, emphasising the importance these fields of knowledge held for him. The authors also point out to the Professor Pomianowski's modern approach to engineering and science.

12

Canal Bulkhead Design Preventing Blockage of River Flow – A Case Study in the Bangah River, Sebangau National Park, Indonesia

Perkasa Petrisly, Gumiri Sulmin, Wahyudi, Permana Indrawan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

150--156

EN

Vast tropical peat swamp forests in Sebangau, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, make it difficult for officials to fight forest fires. Peat swamp forest fires are recurring events caused by anthropogenic activities around the forest. This research aimed to develop a new canal bulkhead design that prevents blockage of river flow. The approach employed involves enhancing current structures through engineering design in order to decrease the occurrence of structural breakdowns that impede the flow of rivers. The research yielded a new design for a canal bulkhead, featuring an enhanced one-meter-wide sluice gate in a "U" shape, as well as an upgraded boat ladder for passage. The novelty of the present study resides in the design of the canal bulkhead dwelling, which incorporates a ladder, enabling the inhabitants to utilize the canal without obstructing its flow. As a result, there is an enhancement in environmental safety as there are now efficient methods to promptly suppress wildfires.

13

Evaluation of the functionality of seepage prevention structures of dam bodies after a long period of operation – a case study of Otmuchów and Nysa reservoirs

Połomski Maksymilian, Wiatkowski Mirosław

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2024

|

Vol. 70, nr 3

153--171

EN

The article reviews the technology of construction and functioning of watertight elements of hydrotechnical embankments. A case study of two reservoirs located in the middle course of the Nysa Kłodzka River is described: (1) Otmuchów reservoir functioning since 1933, (2) Nysa reservoir functioning since 1971. The effectiveness of the applied impermeable screens, i.e. a clay screen of the Otmuchów reservoir and a concrete screen of the Nysa reservoir, was assessed and compared. Data from piezometers located at the height of the dam crest along its entire profile were analysed for measurements taken in the years 2020-2022. Indicators such as the distribution and depth of the water level in the dam body and changes in pressure in piezometers under the influence of water level fluctuations in the reservoir were considered. In addition, the scale and frequency of repair and maintenance activities carried out on both facilities were analysed, especially in aspects of the dam body sealing and the need to repair the upstream slope structures, which are directly exposed to filtration and wave action. It was found that, despite the long period of operation of both facilities, they maintain proper water tightness, and the depth of the water level in the embankments reacts only slightly to fluctuations in the amount (height) of stored water. This correlation is more evident closer to the middle part of the dam of the Nysa reservoir, where an abrupt increase in damming height caused a vertical movement of the water table in the embankment, but with a delay of about a week. It was pointed out that both sealing technologies adopted were associated with the need for numerous revitalisation measures, mainly due to dynamic degradation of the stone paving in the area of fluctuations in the level of dammed water in the case of the Otmuchów reservoir and loss of watertightness at expansion joints of concrete slabs protecting the upstream slope of the Nysa reservoir dam.

PL

W artykule dokonano przeglądu technologii wykonania i funkcjonowania elementów wodoszczelnych nasypów hydrotechnicznych. Opisano studium przypadku dwóch zbiorników retencyjnych znajdujących się w środkowym biegu rzeki Nysa Kłodzka: (1) Zbiornik Otmuchów funkcjonujący od 1933 roku, (2) Zbiornik Nysa funkcjonujący od 1971 roku. Poddano ocenie i porównano skuteczność pracy zastosowanych przesłon przeciwfiltracyjnych, tj. ekranu iłowego zbiornika Otmuchów i ekranu betonowego zbiornika Nysa. Przeanalizowano odczyty z piezometrów znajdujących się na wysokości korony zapory wzdłuż całego jej profilu, dla pomiarów wykonywanych w latach 2020-2022. Rozpatrzono takie wskaźniki jak rozkład i głębokość zwierciadła wody w zaporze oraz zmiany ciśnienia w piezometrach pod wpływem wahań poziomu wody w zbiorniku. Ponadto przeanalizowano skalę i częstotliwość działań remontowych oraz konserwacyjnych przeprowadzonych na obu obiektach, szczególnie w aspektach doszczelniania korpusu zapory oraz konieczności napraw ubezpieczeń skarpy strony odwodnej – bezpośrednio narażonej na filtrację i falowanie. Stwierdzono, że mimo długiego okresu pracy obu obiektów zachowują one prawidłową szczelność, a głębokość zwierciadła wody w nasypach jedynie nieznacznie reaguje na wahania ilości retencjonowanej wody. Ta korelacja wyraźniejsza jest bliżej środkowej części zapory zbiornika Nysa, gdzie skokowy wzrost wysokości piętrzenia spowodował pionowy ruch zwierciadła wody w nasypie, jednakże z ok. tygodniowym opóźnieniem. Wskazano, że obie przyjęte technologie uszczelniające wiązały się z koniecznością licznych działań rewitalizacyjnych, głównie w związku z dynamiczną degradacją bruku kamiennego w obszarze wahań poziomu piętrzonej wody w przypadku zbiornika Otmuchów oraz utratą szczelności na dylatacjach płyt betonowych zabezpieczających skarpę odwodną zapory zbiornika Nysa.

14

Stochastic (S[ARIMA]), shallow (NARnet, NAR-GMDH, OS-ELM), and deep learning (LSTM, Stacked-LSTM, CNN-GRU) models, application to river flow forecasting

Kheimi Marwan, Almadani Mohammad, Zounemat-Kermani Mohammad

Acta Geophysica

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2024

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Vol. 72, no. 4

2679--2693

EN

Forecasting river flow is an important stage in reservoir operation, urban water management, and water resource optimization. The goal of this research is to forecast daily river flows for two intermittent and ephemeral rivers. Based on the antecedent river flow, the forecasting approach used stochastic (AR, ARIMA, and SARIMA) and machine learning (ML) techniques. The ML methods consist of three shallow learning models (NARnet, OS-ELM, and NAR-GMDH) and three deep learning models (LSTM, CNN-GRU, and stacked-LSTM). The precision of all the models in the ephemeral river was higher the intermittent river considering both base flow (R2ave = 0.94 vs. 0.87) and peak flow. The study was also extended to forecasting peak river flow values, demonstrating in the superiority of deep learning (RMSEave = 7.6 m3/s) over the shallow (RMSEave = 8.9 m3/s) and stochastic (RMSEave = 9.1 m3/s). Applied models acted similarly in forecasting peak flow in both rivers due to substantial variations in the floods. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the deep learning group models surpass stochastic and shallow learning group models in terms of five evaluation criteria, including RMSE, MAE, mean bias error, correlation coefficient, and agreement index for both rivers. In general, the results indicate that the CNN-GRU outperforms the other models in terms of river flow forecasting and is suggested as a viable model for learning the complicated behavior of streamflow.

15

Developing an empirical model for assessment of total nitrogen inflow to rivers and lakes in the Biebrza river watershed, Poland

Canchig Jessica, Kustina Rinda, Grygoruk Mateusz

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2023

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Vol. 32, No. 3

201--220

EN

Nitrogen load is crucial for its application in various fields such as agriculture and improving water quality control for authorities responsible for establishing agricultural policies in the area. The calculation of nitrogen load using existing equations is not applicable for all types of rivers, thus requiring the development of a new equation that can be applied to lakes and rivers in the Biebrza river catchment. To determine the new equation, extensive mapping of the catchment area was conducted, which was adjusted to precipitation and runoff in the area, allowing the observed results to be compared. Based on several analyses, the new equation has better accuracy, RMSE of the new model-based estimation decreased by 65.9% in 2005–2015 and 62.2% in 2016–2021 for river and 92% in 2008–2019 and 95% in 2020–2021 for lakes. Therefore, the application of the new calibrated empirical model provides results close to the real values and it can be used in the Biebrza river basin to simulate the total nitrogen runoff.

16

Non-homogeneity of hydrometric data and estimating the rating curve

Jakubczyk Teresa, Szulczewski Wiesław

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2023

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Vol. 11, Iss. 1

107--122

EN

One of the main tasks of contemporary hydrology is to plot the best possible rating curve, which has numerous applications in practical hydrological problems. The quality of the curve depends to a significant degree on the precision of hydrometric measurements and the precision in determining the relationship between discharge and the stage (water level). In this study, we engage the multidimensional problem of non-homogeneity of hydrometric data. The distances between a given point of measurement and the given cross-section proved to be highly diverse. Hence, we propose data transformation so that every measurement can be treated as taken in a given cross-section. The transformation allows partial homogenization of measurement data. An automatic non-linear method for estimating the rating curve is also proposed. The method has been tested on selected representatives of mountain, submontane, and lowland rivers of the Oder River catchment basin (Lower Silesia, Poland). Cross-sections selected for analysis were: Łąki on the Barycz River, Lądek Zdrój on the Biała Łądecka River, Jelenia Góra on the Bóbr River, Jakuszyce on the Kamienna River, and Łozy on the Kwisa River.

17

Zasady formułowania probabilistycznych modeli deszczów maksymalnych

Wdowikowski Marcin, Wartalska Katarzyna, Kaźmierczak Bartosz, Kotowski Andrzej

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2023

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Nr 1

22--29

PL

Zaprezentowane w pracy zasady formułowania probabilistycznych modeli na wysokość deszczów maksymalnych, opracowane na Politechnice Wrocławskiej w latach 2010-2015 [10, 12, 21], po modyfikacjach z 2019 [8] i 2020 roku [9], mogą mieć charakter uniwersalny. Proponowany pięćdziesięcioletni okres pomiarowy, do wyodrębnienia metodą POT niezależnej próby losowej deszczów, jest odpowiedni do wiarygodnej oceny częstości ich występowania od C = 1 rok do C = 50 lat. Do opisu wysokości deszczów maksymalnych, spośród ośmiu możliwych do zastosowania teoretycznych rozkładów prawdopodobieństwa, wskazano na przydatności dwóch rozkładów: Weibulla i GED. Ujednolicenie metodyki tworzenia modeli deszczów maksymalnych w Polsce umożliwi poprawne fizykalnie wzajemne porównywanie ich lokalnych wysokości i da podstawę do szacowania trendów zmian w przyszłości

EN

The principles presented in this paper for formulating heavy rainfall probabilistic models developed at the Wroclaw University of Science and Technology in 2010-2015 [2, 12, 15] after the modifications of 2019 [18] and 2020 [20] can be universal. The proposed 50-year measurement period for extracting an independent random sample of rain using the POT method is suitable for reliably assessing the frequency of occurrence from C = 1 to C = 50 years. To describe the height of the maximum rain, from among eight possible theoretical probability distributions, the usefulness of two distributions was indicated: Weibull and GED. The unification of the methodology for creating models of maximum rain in Poland will enable physically correct mutual comparison of their local heights and provide a basis for estimating trends of change in the future.

18

Contribution of the Catchment Area to the Hydrology of a Saharan Wetland, the Imlili Sebkha (Dakhla Region, Morocco) – Use of GIS and Satellite Data

Hichou Badr Ben, Mhammdi Nadia, Ouakil Abdelhadi, Qninba Abdeljebbar, Dakki Mohamed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

88--96

EN

This study concerns a Saharan wetland of southern Morocco, the Imlili Sebkha, located south of the Dakhla city. Considered among the rare permanent saharan sebkhas, it is recharged by episodic surface water supplies from an endorheic hydrographic network and by the unconfined aquifer, which emerges permanently through tens of shallow natural cavities. Using satellite data (DEM and rainfall), supplemented by field observations, an analysis of surface water supplies is carried out in this article. Due to the low slopes and the almost generalized silting of the catchment area, most of the rainwater is evaporated or recovered by the phreatic aquifer. Only a small proportion would arrive to the wetland, which would come from the surroundings of the sebkha. Nevertheless, these low inputs can flood a large part of the wetland, including the groundwater cavities, especially during the biggest autumn storms.

19

Eksperymentalna podziemna elektrownia szczytowo pompowa UPSH

Barszcz Tomasz, d’Obyrn Kajetan, Korbiel Tomasz

Rynek Energii

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2022

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Nr 1

56–-61

PL

Systemy OZE charakteryzują się niestabilna pracą, co wymaga budowy systemów magazynowania energii. Jednym ze sposobów takiego magazynowania są instalacje elektrowni szczytowo pompowych. Wadą takich magazynów jest istotna ingerencja w środowisko naturalne. Likwidacja podziemnych kopalń węgla kamiennego stwarza możliwość budowy podziemnej elektrowni szczytowo pompowej. W artykule przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące budowy instalacji prototypowej UPSH. Analiza zagrożeń na etapie projektu przyczyni się do ograniczenia negatywnych skutków działania inwestycji.

EN

RES systems are characterized by unstable operation, which requires the construction of energy storage systems. One of the methods of such storage are the installations of pumped storage power plants. The disadvantage of such warehouses is a significant interference in the natural environment. Closure of underground hard coal mines makes it possible to build an underground pumped storage power plant. The article presents considerations concerning the construction of a prototype UPSH installation. Risk analysis at the design stage will contribute to limiting the negative effects of the investment.

20

Probability Function Estimation for the Maximum Precipitation Model Using Kernel Estimators

Karczewski Maciej, Kaźmierczak Bartosz, Michalski Andrzej, Kuchar Leszek

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2022

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Tom 24

260--275

EN

The distribution of maximum rainfall level is not a homogeneous phenomenon and is often characterised by multimodality and often the phenomenon of the heavy right-hand tail. Modelling this phenomenon using classic probability distributions leads to ignoring multimodality, thus underestimating or overestimating the predicted values in the tail tails – the most important from the point of view of safe dimensioning of drainage systems. To avoid the difficulties mentioned above, a non-parametric kernel estimator method of maximum precipitation density function was used (in the example of rainfall data from a selected station in Poland). The methodology proposed in the paper (for use on any rainfall data from other meteorological stations) will allow the development of more reliable local models of maximum precipitation.