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1

The application of mixed reality and UAS technology in port decision-making process based on PASSport project

Gucma L., Muczyński B., Bilewski M., Gucma M., Nisi M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 1

127--132

EN

It is becoming increasingly important to provide a solution for managing the present mission and status of autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles operating on site in large and complex port locations. More ports are implementing digital twin systems, which provide a complete 3D reconstruction of the port as well as real-time data on all objects and actions in progress. It is challenging to provide all relevant data in a way that improves situational awareness and decision-making, resulting in improved management and a faster, more effective response during an emergency. This is due to greater port areas and drones operating in the air, on the water's surface, and underneath. To solve this issue, the PASSport initiative, a project financed by the European Space Agency (EUSPA), is developing an innovative solution based on Mixed Reality (MR) technology. The solution combines real-time geo-tagged and Earth Observation data to provide end users with enhanced 3D representation of the port area via a dedicated Head Mounted Display (HMD) that records user location and movement.

2

Multicriteria optimization method of LNG distribution

Chłopińska E., Gucma M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2020

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Vol. 14, no. 2

493--497

EN

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is considered as a realistic substation of marine fuel in 21 century. Solution of building new engines or converting diesels into gas fueled propulsion meets the stringent international emission regulations. For HFO (heavy fuel oil) or MDO (marine diesel oil) propelled vessels, operation of bunkering is relatively wide known and simple. Its due to the fact that fuel itself doesn’t require high standards of handling. Where for LNG as a fuel its very demanding process – it evaporates and requires either consuming by bunker vessel or reliquefication. Distribution of such bunker is becoming multidimensional problem with time and space constrains. The objective of the article is to review the methods of optimization using genetic algorithms for a model of LNG distribution. In particular, there will be considered methods of solving problems with many boundry criteria whose objective functions are contradictory. Methods used for solving the majority of problems are can prevent the simultaneous optimization of the examined objectives, e.g. the minimisation of costs or distance covered, or the maximisation of profits or efficiency etc. Here the standard genetic algorithms are suitable for solving multi-criteria problems by using functions producing a diversity of results depending on the adopted approach.

3

The impact of a liquefied natural gas terminal on the gas distribution and bunkering network in Poland

Chłopińska E., Gucma M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2018

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nr 53 (125)

154--160

EN

The proximity of the sea has a strategic importance for Poland’s security and economy. LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) may play an important role in the Baltic Sea Region in the near future – it may create opportunities for dynamic international economic cooperation for Baltic countries. Access to the Baltic Sea enables sustainable development consisting of the comprehensive exploitation of the country’s maritime potential, i.e.: the broad development of the maritime economy. In this paper the authors have given an overview of the benefits of a LNG terminal located in Świnoujście. Building a facility is a strategic investment that requires the involvement of all stakeholders at the local, regional, and national level. In this paper the authors have presented general information on the collection and transmission of natural gas. The aspects of trends in the LNG market have been discussed. Market conditions in the world and in Europe, concerning the investment in the Świnoujście LNG terminal, have been described. The implementation of the strategy has been aimed at supporting the pursuit of long-term development agreements integrating the maritime sectors with the other related sectors. The directions of gas distribution arising from the rational use of the LNG terminal in Świnoujście have also been presented. In addition, the economic impact of the location of the LNG terminal in Świnoujście on the development of the gas market in Poland was analyzed.

4

Optymalizacja parametrów portu zewnętrznego w Świnoujściu (Gazoport) – docelowa rozbudowa

Gucma S., Gucma M.

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

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2018

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nr 5

356--363

PL

Koncepcja rozbudowy portu zewnętrznego w Świnoujściu (Gazoportu) opracowana z wykorzystaniem specjalnie przygotowanej dwuetapowej symulacyjnej metody optymalizacji. Parametry wielonabrzeżowego stanowiska przeładunkowego LNG oraz podejściowych dróg wodnych określone przy użyciu tej metody.

EN

Conception of expansion of outer port in Świnoujście (LNG terminal) prepared with the use of specially developed two-stage simulation-based optimization method. Parameters of multi-quay LNG terminal and approach waterway obtained using this method.

5

Concept of LNG Transfer and Bunkering Model of Vessels at South Baltic Sea Area

Gucma M., Bąk A., Chłopińska E.

Annual of Navigation

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2018

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No. 25

79--91

EN

At first part of the article methods of SOx (sulphur oxides) emission reduction is presented along with the description of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) as a bunker fuel for vessel. Assumptions for the methods of bunkering between different LNG driven vessel and bunker means is presented. Last part presents assumptions for optimization method and detailed factors to be used in the further work. Optimization of Location-Route Planning (LRP) model with dynamics is presented as starting idea for next steps.

PL

W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono możliwe metody redukcji emisji SOx dla obszarów SECA oraz szczegółowo opisano wykorzystanie LNG jako paliwo bunkrowe jednostek morskich. Następnie scharakteryzowano metody bunkrowania LNG jakimi są: statek – statek, samochód ciężarowy – statek, terminal LNG – statek oraz wykorzystanie kontenerów LNG. Zaprezentowano również koncepcję modelu dystrybucji LNG na południowej części Morza Bałtyckiego w nawiązaniu do systemów LRP.

6

Data Exchange Protokol in REPSAIL

Gucma M., Hatłas P.

Annual of Navigation

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2017

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No. 24

221--229

EN

Article presents implantation and theoretical considerations of data exchange protocol developed for the RepSail project, where main objective was design and building innovative hybrid yacht. One of problems during the design process was improper functioning of data exchange protocols that were available in the commercially available devices to mention navigation purpose NMEA183 or 2000 as well as automation dedicated ones (CAN and similar). Author shows the basis of the dedicated format of exchange for in board devices.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne dla budowy protokołu wymiany danych opracowanego w ramach projektu RepSail. Jednym z podstawowych problemów, jaki napotkano podczas realizacji, było niewłaściwe działanie protokołów dostępnych w komercyjnych urządzeniach nawigacyjnych jak NMEA0183 czy 2000 lub w układach automatyki jak CAN.

7

Optimization of waterway bend widths using computer simulation methods of ship movement

Artyszuk J., Gralak R., Gucma M., Gucma S., Ślączka W., Zalewski P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2016

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nr 46 (118)

115--121

EN

The paper presents the development of a new simulation method to optimize bends in marine waterways. This method, using results of empirical research and simulation methods, would allow accurate determination of safe manoeuvring areas. The method was used at the stage of detailed design of parameters of the, which is undergoing modernization, to determine the optimum parameters of horizontal curves of the fairway. The study was conducted on the type of manoeuvring simulator called Polaris Kongsberg and attended by pilots from the Szczecin–Swinoujscie Pilot Station. Based on the studies carried out, the maximum safe ship length was determined for the redesigned waterway and the conditions for their safe operation. The maximum lengths of these ships are as follows: cruise Lc = 260 m, container Lc = 240 m and a bulk carrier Lc = 220 m.

8

Dynamic Global Navigation Satellite System antenna position verification using raw pseudorange information

Dyjak M., Gucma M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2016

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nr 46 (118)

76--81

EN

This article presents a method of obtaining relative and global coordinates using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Four GNSS antennas have been compared in this research. The GNSS antennas have been utilized by the Veripos and Septentrio Systems. Global Positioning System (GPS) pseudorange observations are used to obtain relative position of the GPS antennas. Relative positions are based on calculations made by the RTKLIB software. Lever arm range and bearing are used to assess accuracy of the true antenna location relative to the vessel Navigation Reference Point (NRP). The article deals with the problem of assessing the quality of real-time positioning equipment. Comparing results of the raw position calculation with the physical measurements shows the usefulness of the real – time position monitoring.

9

Application of Markov chains to a navigator visual attention model

Muczyński B., Gucma M., Bilewski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2016

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nr 46 (118)

95--100

EN

This paper presents initial results from a series of eye-tracking experiments on a Full Mission Bridge simulator. The aim of this research was to develop a stochastic model of a navigator’s attention distribution during their navigational watch. Such model could be used as a tool for workload and usability studies for navigators and navigational equipment interfaces. A structure of the model is discussed together with the evaluation of Markov chains as a main modelling tool. Initial results are presented and discussed. It is suggested that 1st order Markov chains are not fully applicable for this problem. A combination of the 1st and higher-order Markov chains will be applied in the next stage of research.

10

Analysis of hydro-meteorological conditions in the area of the Port of Świnoujście between 2011–2015

Łazuga K., Gucma L., Gucma M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2016

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nr 46 (118)

203--208

EN

Świnoujście is a Polish seaport located on the Pomeranian Bay, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea island of Usedom and Wolin. The port is situated in the Świna Strait in Świnoujście, Western Pomerania. The harbor consists of a cargo handling quay, passenger terminal and marina. The seaports of Świnoujście and Szczecin are closely linked economically to form a team and are connected by a passage through the Szczecin Lagoon. All big ships directed to Szczecin have to be routed through the port of Świnoujcie. The hydro-meteorological conditions in the Świnoujście Port area and surroundings, affecting safe maneuvering of ships, are analyzed by statistical methods. The conditions studied, with the aid of Port Captain logbook, are: currents, winds, water level, ice conditions and visibility. The statistical distribution of water level was analyzed and proposed as decision-making tool during a ship’s approach to Świnoujście Port.

11

Zastosowanie enancjoselektywnej 1,3-dipolarnej cykloaddycji tlenków nitryli do syntezy nowych związków biologicznie czynnych

Gucma M., Gołębiewski W. M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 12

2400--2403

PL

Zbadano reakcje cykloaddycji tlenków benzonitryli i α,β-nienasyconych amidów i estrów katalizowane przez chiralne kwasy Lewisa. Uzyskano doskonałe enancjoselektywności z umiarkowaną do dobrej regioselektywnością w reakcjach amidów w obecności kompleksów węglowodanów z Yb(OTf)₃, TiCl₄, Mg(OTf)₂ i CsF oraz kompleksów (-)-sparteiny i (R)-Binaftolu z Yb(OTf)₃. Wyróżniające się enancjoselektywności otrzymano dla krotonianów z kompleksami BiBr₃ z (+)-(4,6-benzylideno)metylo-α-D-glukopiranozydem E, z kompleksem kwasu L-askorbinowego I z FeCl₃ oraz w obecności lipazy z Candida antarctica. Wysokie wartości ee uzyskano dla akrylanów z zastosowaniem układu E-Yb(OTf)₃ i (+)-2-hydroksy-3-pinanon K-TiCl₄.

EN

A review, with 14 refs., of uses of complexes of Lewis acids with alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenols, terpenes, and alcs. as catalysts of title reaction. Candida antarctica and Candida rugosa lipases were also taken into consideration.

12

Models of maritime safety for development of navigation support systems

Gucma M.

Archives of Transport

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2016

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Vol. 37, iss. 1

31--41

EN

Navigation support systems are part of modern maritime transportation chain where larger and larger vessels are handled in ports. Support systems for sea navigation must meet certain criteria for access, integrity, accuracy and other factors. Modelling of safety criteria for technical creation of support systems like PNS (Pilot Navigation System) or LDS (Laser Docking System) consists of several stages both conceptual, and real time experimental. Even basic systems must be designed and developed in manner where assumed safety factors are met.

13

Technology of single polymer polyester composites and proposals for their recycling

Gucma M., Bryll K., Gawdzińska K., Przetakiewicz W., Piesowicz E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2015

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nr 44 (116)

14--18

EN

A single polymer composite comprises a composite built out of fibres and a matrix, both made of the same or a very similar polymer material, where the components may differ with: molecular mass, density or branching degree. Such thermoplastic composites provide the beneficial mechanical characteristics required for reinforced materials, and their great advantage is the ease of full material recycling after the end of use. The aim of the presented work is to provide a description of the manufacturing technology, with a definition of the possibility for the waste of single polymer polyester composites to undergo a full material recycling process, oriented towards use in shipbuilding. A proposed idea for recycling is in the preparatory stage and its assumptions and the process followed will be the subject of a patent application. This work forms part of the studies realized in the scope of the REP-SAIL Project under the ERA-NET Transport III Initiative Future Travelling, carried out at the Maritime University of Szczecin, and the prepared doctoral thesis entitled “Manufacturing, shaping of operational properties and recycling of single polymer composite materials”.

14

Stochastic model of ship traffic congestion in waterways for two different traffic solutions based on the Świnoujście– Szczecin case study

Gucma L., Bąk A., Gucma M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2015

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nr 42 (114)

63--69

EN

The paper presents stages of stochastic ship traffic stream model creation which was applied for the optimization of different solutions for the Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway design. The model is based on Monte Carlo methodology and is microscopic, which means that each ship’s model is treated as a separate object possessing given attributes. The main output from the model is the sum of the delay time of waiting ships and the distribution of ships’ queue. Two alternative waterway traffic solutions with different passing places for ships were analyzed in this study and compared with each other. The model was used for the first time for the optimization of the modernized Szczecin–Świnoujście waterway in respect of two different solutions of passing places for ships.

15

New threat to global transport. GNSS receiver spoofing

Gucma M.

Archives of Transport

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2015

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Vol. 35, iss. 3

7--14

EN

Transport and logistics in XXI century relies on the several technical systems for assuring safe and reliable operations. One of widely used systems are satellite positioning systems, used to monitoring transport means and cargo itself. Reliability of the whole transport chain is often combined with singular reliability of satellite monitoring system. Possible threats to precise positioning of any vehicle is GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) deliberate interference. So called spoofing interference can mislead receiver in transport objective for reporting entirely wrong position and timing. To fight with this phenomena’s antispoofing techniques are developed. This paper will provide a review of late researches in field of GNSS anti-spoofing on the side of receiver. GNSS receiver vulnerabilities for a spoofer (device) attack will be presented as well as anti-spoofing algorithms. Possible limitation, costs as well as countermeasures methods will be shown thoroughly. Some of recent trends in anti-spoofing techniques in the world will be outlined up to date.

16

Two-Criteria Analysis of Casting Technologies of Metal and Composite Foams

Gawdzińska K., Gucma M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2015

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

305--308

EN

The determination of potential areas of application for metal foams allows to precisely define properties these materials are expected to have. The characteristics of metal foams are strictly related to their cellular structure, which in turn depends on the manufacturing method and materials used. Obviously, metal foam producers should strive to make these materials using inexpensive, or cost-effective technologies, yielding possibly good quality and being environment-friendly. This paper briefly characterizes the manufacturing of metal and composite foams by casting methods. We determine an optimal manufacturing method based on a matrix diagram for metal and composite foams satisfying the two - criteria: “manufacturing costs” (depending on the price of production equipment and labour, cost of materials for foam manufacturing, environmental impact) and “foam quality” (depending on the manufacturing precision, homogeneity of the structure, pore size, shape, and volumetric fraction).

PL

Określenie potencjalnych obszarów zastosowań pian metalowych pozwala sprecyzować wymagania dotyczące właściwości tych materiałów. Są one ściśle związane ze strukturą komórkową determinowaną metodą wytwarzania oraz zastosowanym materiałem wyjściowym. Należy dążyć do wytworzenia tych struktur metodami tanimi, dającymi najlepszą jakość wyrobu a przy tym możliwie przyjaznymi dla środowiska naturalnego. W niniejszej pracy, krótko scharakteryzowano wytwarzanie pian metalowych i kompozytowych metodami odlewniczymi. W pracy opisano jak określić optymalny sposób wytwarzania w oparciu o schemat macierzy dla pianek metalicznych i kompozytowych spełniających dwa kryteria: “koszty produkcji” (w zależności od ceny urządzeń do produkcji i pracy, kosztów materiałów do produkcji pianki, oddziaływania na środowisko) oraz “jakości piany” (w zależności od precyzji wykonania, jednorodność struktury, wielkości porów, kształt i frakcję objętościową).

17

Ocena prawdopodobieństwa występowania uszkodzeń systemów chłodniczych jednostek rybackich

Gucma M., Kostrzewa W.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2014

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nr 83

75--80

PL

Prawdopodobieństwo należy rozumieć jako pewną miarę przewidywalności bądź pewności względem zjawiska (przy danej o nim wiedzy), co umożliwia ocenę potencjalnie związanego z nim ryzyka [5, 6]. W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono ocenę prawdopodobieństwa występowania uszkodzeń systemów chłodniczych jednostek rybackich w poszczególnych latach 2007–2011 (czyli danej wiedzy o zjawisku zgodnie z powyższą definicją) na podstawie teoretycznych rozkładów. Pozwoliło to wyznaczać prawdopodobieństwo konkretnej liczby uszkodzeń, a także prawdopodobieństwo częstotliwości uszkodzeń systemów chłodniczych jednostek rybackich, co przyczyni się do zwiększenia ich niezawodności.

EN

The probability should be understood as a measure of predictability or certainty of phenomenon given (with the knowledge of it), which enables the assessment of the potential risks that are associated with it [5], [6]. In this study, an assessment of the likelihood of damage to the refrigeration systems of fishing vessels in years 2007–2011 (which is the knowledge of the phenomenon, as defined above) on the basis of the theoretical distributions was conducted. It allowed designating the probability of a particular number of failures and the probability of damage frequency of refrigeration systems of fishing vessels, which will help to increase their reliability.

18

An analysis of variance of fishing vessel refrigerating systems faults

Gucma M., Gawdzińska K., Bejger A., Piasecki T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2014

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nr 83

66--74

EN

We have performed an analysis of variance to verify the hypothesis that independent variables differentiate the number of faults and frequencies of faults occurring in refrigerating systems installed on board fishing craft. The analysis specifies a probability with which identified factors may cause differences between values of observed category means. The grouping factors used in the analysis are: year of fault occurrence, fault category and a type of fishing vessel. We have tested hypotheses that mean numbers of faults or mean frequencies of fault occurrence are approximately equal in each group of independent variable. The examined faults of refrigerating system components, derived from data collected in the years 2007–2011, have been divided into seven categories and analyzed statistically. We have gathered and estimated 235 faults of refrigerating system components from 25 fishing vessels of the Polish fishing fleet. The vessels are divided into two types depending on the refrigerant used in their systems.

PL

W pracy zastosowano jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji do sprawdzenia założenia, czy zmienne niezależne różnicują zmienne dotyczące liczby uszkodzeń oraz częstości uszkodzeń systemów chłodniczych jednostek rybackich. Metoda ta wyjaśnia, z jakim prawdopodobieństwem wyodrębnione czynniki mogą być powodem różnic między obserwowanymi średnimi grupowymi. Czynnikiem klasyfikującym wykorzystanym w tej analizie były: rok, kategoria uszkodzenia oraz rodzaj kutra. Badano hipotezy, że średnie liczby uszkodzeń lub średnie częstości uszkodzeń są równe w poszczególnych grupach zmiennej niezależnej. Przyjęto podział uszkodzeń elementów systemów chłodniczych na siedem głównych kategorii i przeprowadzono analizę na podstawie danych zgromadzonych w latach 2007–2011. Zebrano i oszacowano 235 uszkodzeń systemów chłodniczych z 25 kutrów polskiej floty rybackiej z terenów kraju. Analizie poddano dwa typy kutrów, uwzględniając za kryterium podziału rodzaj czynnika chłodniczego.

19

Ship manoeuvring hydrodynamics in a new inland shiphandling simulator of SMU – InSim

Artyszuk J., Gucma L., Gucma M.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

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2014

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nr 37 (109)

10--15

EN

The present paper describes the hydrodynamic modelling solutions, applied in the newly developed shiphandling simulator at SMU (Szczecin Maritime University) for the inland navigation – called InSim. The objective is to provide some guidance on the simulator capability and potential while conducting various research and the crew training projects.

20

Construction and functionality of integrated interactive simulator for inland ship navigation

Bilewski M., Gucma M., Karkos D., Muczyński B., Woś K.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

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2014

|

nr 37 (109)

22--27

EN

The following paper describes construction and functionality of the newly developed shiphandling simulator for the inland navigation (called InSim), that was constructed as a part of research project at Maritime University of Szczecin. Problems of construction process and simulator ergonomics were presented. Fidelity of the simulation with respect to real environment, as well as details of all subsystems were discussed.