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1

Automatic Analysis System for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Condition of Transformer Insulating Oils

da Rosa Valquíria Cristina Farias, de Fátima Pinheiro Pereira Simone, de Souza Alan Marcel Fernandes, de Sousa Junior Pedro Moreira, da Silva Sodré Adrianny, Rocha Ronaldo Magno, dos Santos Davis Castro, e Silva Thiago de Melo

Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 7, No. 1

1--7

EN

Mineral insulating oil degrades over time due to oxidation, accelerated by metallic compounds, oxygen, water, and heat. This degradation leads to color changes, acidic compound formation, and, in advanced stages, sludge precipitation. Monitoring these changes requires periodic chemical, physical-chemical, and chromatographic analyses, which can be time-consuming and costly. This work presents a pilot unit that simulates transformer conditions and enables real-time, automated measurement of oil color, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and pH, allowing for reliable degradation diagnostics. The results indicated an upward trend in analyzed parameters, showing that degradation begins quickly. The obtained values provided a more precise diagnosis of oil condition. The statistical correlations further justify the findings, demonstrating the effectiveness of automated monitoring. Implementing this automation can significantly reduce equipment downtime and unnecessary laboratory analyses, with chemical tests serving as confirmation.

2

Rola opakowań w zachowaniu jakości żywności

Markowska Joanna

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2025

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T. 79, nr 3

40--47

PL

Branża opakowań to jedna z najprężniej rozwijających się gałęzi gospodarek światowych, o wysokim potencjale innowacyjnym. Wzajemne oddziaływanie czynników technologicznych, środowiskowych i wymagań konsumenckich zwiększyło rolę opakowań w utrzymaniu i poprawie bezpieczeństwa i jakości żywności, przedłużaniu okresu jej przydatności do spożycia i promowaniu atrakcyjności rynkowej. Biorąc pod uwagę złożoność funkcji opakowań do żywności, konieczna jest ciągła ocena ich bezpieczeństwa i skuteczności. Niniejszy artykuł zawiera przegląd wybranych rozwiązań funkcjonujących na rynku opakowań, ich zastosowań w celu zapewnienia optymalnej jakości i bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego żywności.

EN

The packaging industry is one of the most rapidly growing branches of world economies, with a high potential for innovation. The interplay of technological factors, environmental factors and consumer demands has increased the role of packaging in maintaining and improving food safety and quality, extending shelf life and promoting market appeal. Given the complexity of food packaging functions, continuous evaluation of its safety and effectiveness is necessary. This article provides an overview of selected solutions operating in the packaging market, their applications to ensure optimal quality and health safety of food.

3

Zastosowanie materiałów mezoporowatych jako elementów czujników elektrochemicznych

Stoińska Aleksandra, Geszke-Moritz Małgorzata, Moritz Michał

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 11

1198--1201

PL

Przegląd literaturowy w zakresie zastosowania wybranych struktur węglowych oraz krzemionek jako elementów elektrod służących do oznaczania substancji leczniczych, jonów metali oraz markerów nowotworowych. Mezoporowate substancje stanowią składnik elektrod, który przyczynia się do zwiększenia ich powierzchni aktywnej (krzemionki) oraz zapewnia należyte przewodnictwo elektronów (węgiel). Stosowane elektrody w połączeniu z metodami woltamperometrycznymi odznaczają się granicą wykrywalności rzędu 10-9 - 10-5 mol/L w zależności od badanego analitu.

EN

A review, with 33 refs., of use the selected carbon and silica structures as elements of electrodes for the detn. of drugs, metal ions and tumor markers. Mesoporous substances are a component of electrodes that contributes to increasing their active surface area (silica) and ensures proper electron conductivity (carbon). The electrodes used in combination with voltammetric methods are characterized by a detection limit of 10-9 - 10-5 mol/L depending on the analyte tested.

4

Structural Design of a Specialized Multi-Sensor Head for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Szczepaniak Paweł, Rodzik Dariusz, Kalinowski Paweł, Ciszkowski Jarosław

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2025

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Vol. 16, Nr 1 (59)

21--36

EN

The article describes a proprietary method for designing a specialized multi- sensor optoelectronic head for unmanned aerial vehicles, capable of surveying war zones as well as detecting and locating injured soldiers. The first section of the article defines the assumptions made in relation to the structural characteristics of the designed head and compares the parameters and capabilities of heads available on the market. The subsequent section of the article describes structural solutions used in the head and discusses selected aspects related to its construction.

PL

W artykule opisano autorską metodykę projektowania wielosensorowej specjalizowanej głowicy optoelektronicznej dla bezzałogowego statku powietrznego, który przeznaczony jest do inspekcji obszaru działań wojennych oraz wykrywania i lokalizacji poszkodowanych żołnierzy. W pierwszej części opracowania opisano założenia dotyczące cech konstrukcyjnych dla projektowanej głowicy oraz porównano parametry i możliwości techniczne głowic dostępnych na rynku. W następnej części artykułu przedstawiono oryginalne rozwiązania konstrukcyjne zaprojektowanej głowicy oraz wybrane aspekty technologii jej wykonania.

5

Fluorescent yttrium oxide nanoparticles for sensitive detection of vitamin B12: Synthesis, characterization, and sensor development

Alshehri Salma, Shariq Mohammad, Al-Gethami Wafa, Al-Moubaraki Aisha H., Alshahrani M. D., Alharbi Nouf, Alzahrani Hind S., Al-Qasmi Noha

Materials Science Poland

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2025

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Vol. 43, No. 3

202--215

EN

A fluorescent yttrium oxide nanoparticle was successfully synthesized and employed as a fluorometric probe for the detection of vitamin B12. The sensing mechanism is based on the interaction between vitamin B12 and the nanoparticles, enabling sensitive fluorescence measurements. The material was thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, photoluminescence, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The strongest fluorescence response was obtained at an excitation wavelength of 230 nm and an emission wavelength of 285 nm. Key parameters, including pH, incubation time, and NaCl concentration, were systematically optimized. The probe demonstrated a linear response in the vitamin B12 concentration range of 10–100 μM, with a limit of quantification of 55.66 μM and a detection limit of 18.37 μM. Additionally, an red, green, blue color based sensor was developed using the same nanoparticles, which successfully detected vitamin B12 with high accuracy in human urine samples and acceptable recovery, highlighting its potential for real-world biomedical applications.

6

Students’ view of Quantum Information Technologies, part 4

Kowalczyk Maciej, Wardzyńska Urszula, Borkowska Ewelina, Klekowiecka Karina, Kłodnicki Mateusz, Kuzmich Siarhei, Łuszczyński Rafał, Mańka Filip, Żarnovsky Tomasz, Hacaś Kinga, Romaniuk Ryszard S

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2025

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Vol. 71, No. 1

215-224

EN

Students attending the lecture on quantum information technology are mostly at the level of completing their master’s theses in the disciplines of AEEiTK or ITT. The task is to write a short essay by each student on the hypothetical addition of a narrowly applicable QIT layer to the actual implementation of the thesis, if possible. In most cases, this is possible because QITs cover a very wide range of potential technical applications. Where this is not possible, or in the case of an undefined thesis topic, students should write a more general essay or write their personal opinion on what they think about the future of QIT. The current article is another part of a series of works on this topic with subsequent student groups.

7

Influence of IQT on research in ICT. Part 4

Ber Kamil, Hammed Taofeek, Qanbari Amirmohammad, Rahman A., Staniak Mariusz, Romaniuk Ryszard S.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2025

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Vol. 71, No. 1

245-254

EN

The advanced Quantum Information Technologies subject for Ph.D. students in Electronics Engineering and ICT consists of three parts. A few review lectures concentrate on topics which may be of interest for the students due to their fields of research done individually in their theses. The lectures indicate the diversity of the QIT field, resting on physics and applied mathematics, but possessing wide application range in quantum computing, communications and metrology. The individual IQT seminars prepared by Ph.D. students are as closely related to their real theses as possible. Important part of the seminar is a discussion among the students. The task was to enrich, possibly with a quantum layer, the current research efforts in ICT. And to imagine, what value such a quantum enrichment adds to the research. The result is sometimes astonishing, especially in such cases when quantum layer may be functionally deeply embedded. The final part was to write a short paragraph to a common paper related to individual quantum layer addition to the own research. The paper presents some results of such experiment and is a continuation of previous papers of the same style.

8

Influence of IQT on research in ICT. Part 3

Al-Burgan Daniel, Leghelimi Zinelabidine, Li Zan, Nowicki Łukasz, Raji Mehdi, Sendłak Szymon K., Zhang Minyu, Romaniuk Ryszard S.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2025

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Vol. 71, No. 1

235-243

EN

The advanced Quantum Information Technologies subject for Ph.D. students in Electronics Engineering and ICT consists of three parts. A few review lectures concentrate on topics which may be of interest for the students due to their fields of research done individually in their theses. The lectures indicate the diversity of the QIT field, resting on physics and applied mathematics, but possessing wide application range in quantum computing, communications and metrology. The individual IQT seminars prepared by Ph.D. students are as closely related to their real theses as possible. An important part of the seminar is a discussion among the students. The task was to enrich, possibly with a quantum layer, the current research efforts in ICT. And to imagine, what value such a quantum enrichment adds to the research. The result is sometimes astonishing, especially in such cases when quantum layer may be functionally deeply embedded. The final part was to write a short paragraph to a common paper related to individual quantum layer addition to the own research. The paper presents some results of such an experiment and is a continuation of previous papers of the same style.

9

Influence of IQT on research in ICT. Part 2

Suszyński Piotr, Dubiński Jan, Ignaciuk Adam, Jimenez-Soler Pedro, Pituła Emil W., Wójtowicz Piotr, Romaniuk Ryszard S.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2025

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Vol. 71, No. 1

225-234

EN

The advanced Quantum Information Technologies subject for Ph.D. students in Electronics Engineering and ICT consists of three parts. A few review lectures concentrate on topics which may be of interest for the students due to their fields of research done individually in their theses. The lectures indicate the diversity of the QIT field, resting on physics and applied mathematics, but possessing wide application range in quantum computing, communications and metrology. The individual IQT seminars prepared by Ph.D. students are as closely related to their real theses as possible. Important part of the seminar is a discussion among the students. The task was to enrich, possibly with a quantum layer, the current research efforts in ICT. And to imagine, what value such a quantum enrichment adds to the research. The result is sometimes astonishing, especially in such cases when quantum layer may be functionally deeply embedded. The final part was to write a short paragraph to a common paper related to individual quantum layer addition to the own research. The paper presents some results of such experiment and is a continuation of previous papers of the same style.

10

Assessing energy efficiency and the application of artificial neural networks in wearable sensors using electrical impedance tomography

Mazurek Mariusz, Dziadosz Marcin, Rymarczyk Tomasz, Wójcik Dariusz, Gryniewicz-Jaworska Michalina, Słoniec Jolanta

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 9

317--332

EN

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging technique increasingly applied in biomedical diagnostics. Traditionally, EIT systems are stationary and require specialist knowledge to operate and interpret results. This study presents the development and evaluation of an innovative wearable EIT device designed for real-time monitoring of bladder function. The system enables visualization of bladder filling levels and is intended to support patients suffering from lower urinary tract dysfunctions. The device is designed for future integration with a mobile application that will inform users about urinary incontinence episodes and bladder status. A key component of the system is the implementation of an image reconstruction framework based on machine learning algorithms. Three models were evaluated—Decision Tree, Elastic Net, and a Neural Network (NNET)—with a focus on optimizing accuracy, computational efficiency, and energy consumption. The results demonstrate that the NNET model offers superior reconstruction quality and the lowest prediction time, making it the most suitable for wearable medical applications. The proposed solution is based on a process model incorporating an optimization procedure essential for device control and energy-efficient operation.

11

Analysis of the time slot length impact of selected data link layer protocols on energy resource consumption in wireless sensor networks

Dymora Paweł, Mazurek Mirosław, Łyczko Kamil, Hadas Zdenek

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 2

114--126

EN

The paper analyzes the effect of time slots on the correctness of packet delivery for selected Media Access Control protocols of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) like B-MAC, X-MAC, and L-MAC. In the study, reliability, and power consumption were used as indicators of the quality of the protocol variant. The length of the time slot was shown to affect the consumption of energy resources of the nodes. For all network sizes considered, it was shown that the best results were achieved by the LMAC protocol, which also proved to be the most energy-efficient with a low ratio of energy resource consumption.

12

Graphene quantum dots in conjugated and rubbery matrices - stipulations and physical/technical attributes

Kausar Ayesha

Advances in Materials Science

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2025

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Vol. 25, nr 1(83)

5--36

EN

This leading-edge overview delivers an all-inclusive knowledge on fundamentals, state-of-the-art, and technicalities of two important polymer categories filled with graphene quantum dots, namely conjugated polymer/graphene quantum dots and rubber/graphene quantum dots nanocomposites. According to the literature up till now, facile and efficient fabrication methods, like in situ polymerization, solution mixing, melt blending, etc. have been reported for these graphene quantum dots derived hybrids. The ensuing graphene quantum dots based nanocomposites were inspected for microstructural, electrical conductivity, charge transportation, thermal/mechanical resistance, fluorescence properties, and allied valuable physical features. Incidentally, we notice promising applications of inimitable categories of conjugated polymer/graphene quantum dots and rubber/graphene quantum dots hybrids for gas/molecular/piezoelectric sensors, supercapacitors, and biomedical areas. Nevertheless, due to limited reports on applied sides of graphene quantum dots filled conjugated/rubbery matrices, future research attempts seem indispensable to resolve challenges of optimized/controlled processing and also to unveil structure-property-performance links and synergistic mechanisms for developing next generation industrial level conjugated polymer/graphene quantum dots and rubber/graphene quantum dots nanocomposites.

13

Assessing the legality and impact of anti-smog drones in Poland’s air quality management

Sieradzka Małgorzata, Balcerzak Tomasz, Kostur Katarzyna, Rajchel Jan

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 89 (tom 2)

7--25

EN

This study addresses the critical issue of winter air pollution, characterized by smoke that causes respiratory irritation and health issues like shortness of breath, dizziness and eye irritation. The primary focus is on the inefficacy of traditional, human-conducted inspections in identifying sources of smog and air pollution. These methods are limited by the inability to measure emissions accurately without specialized equipment and the restricted range of inspection due to groundlevel perspectives. The paper proposes the integration of drones equipped with advanced sensor technologies as a solution for comprehensive and efficient air quality monitoring (Sokhi, 2022). These drones can accurately assess emissions from sources like chimneys in real time and at a larger scale. The implementation of such technology not only enhances the effectiveness of anti-smog measures but also serves as a deterrent, increasing public awareness about constant environmental monitoring. The study advocates for the adoption of these unmanned aerial vehicles as a suport tool for local governments in the fight against air pollution, suggesting a transformative approach to environmental regulation and control.

14

Piezoelectric disc based sensor-actuator hybrid in vibration reduction

Trojanowski Roman

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2024

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Vol. 35, nr 1

art. no. 2024117

EN

This paper presents the results of comparison of vibration reduction levels between standard disc based piezo actuators and piezoelectric sensor-actuator hybrids. Modelling was done using FEM method in ANSYS software. Model consisted of a steel plate with piezo elements attached. A square based element was used as an actuator to excite plate’s vibrations. Disc based element which was either a standard homogeneous disc based actuator or a sensor actuator hybrid with 2 possible sizes of the sensor part of said hybrid. Harmonic analyses were performed for the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th mode shapes with the goal function being the minimalization of displacement vector sum of a number of nodes (there were 3 possible cases). Significant vibration reduction levels were obtained with no significant differences in said levels between standard actuators and sensor-actuator hybrids. Reducing the size of sensor part of sensor-actuator allowed for lower voltages needed to achieve vibration reduction levels.

15

Projekt inteligentnego miernika jakości powietrza sterowany przez smartfon

Choroszucho Agnieszka, Kondrusik Alan

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2024

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R. 26, nr 12

29--35

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę możliwości zastosowania platformy ESP32 w monitorowaniu jakości powietrza przy użyciu przystępnych cenowo czujników środowiskowych do użytku wewnętrznego. W ramach projektu zrealizowano autorski prototyp urządzenia, który testowano w warunkach statycznych i dynamicznych, symulujących zmienne środowisko. System bazował na platformie ESP32 oraz oprogramowaniu do analizy danych, co umożliwiło ocenę parametrów takich jak temperatura, wilgotność, ciśnienie, stężenie lotnych związków organicznych (LZO) i poziom pyłów zawieszonych. Ponadto wykorzystano platformę ThingSpeak do wizualizacji mierzonych danych. Wyniki potwierdziły skuteczność i wiarygodność zastosowanego rozwiązania, wskazując na jego potencjał w praktycznym monitorowaniu jakości powietrza w różnych środowiskach.

EN

The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using the ESP32 platform in monitoring air quality using affordable environmental sensors for indoor use. As part of the project, an original prototype of the device was implemented, which was tested in static and dynamic conditions simulating a changing environment. The system was based on the ESP32 platform and data analysis software, which allowed for the assessment of parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the level of suspended dust. In addition, the ThingSpeak platform was used to visualize the measured data. The results confirmed the effectiveness and reliability of the applied solution, indicating its potential in practical monitoring of air quality in various environments.

16

Low-cost small-scale autonomous vehicle

Bogrekci Ismail, Demircioglu Pinar, Goren Mustafa Yasir

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2024

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Vol. 18, No. 1

25--34

EN

A low-cost small-scale autonomous vehicle refers to a self-driving vehicle that is designed to be affordable and suitable for smaller applications or specific purposes. In this study, the firefly algorithm was utilized to address obstacle avoidance challenges in the presence of dynamic or statically positioned uncertain obstacles. The autonomous vehicle successfully reached the intended destination, demonstrating a satisfactory level of accuracy. Regardless of the starting point, the vehicle arrived at the predetermined position within an area measuring 5 meters in diameter. The achievement of such results can be attributed to the cost-effective selection of sensors, utilization of a simple algorithm, and the implementation of a moderately powered processor and circuit components.

17

Internet of Things as a Communication Tool for Efficient Management and Operation of Buildings

Švajlenka Jozef, Pošiváková Terézia, Konovalov Denis

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 2

art. no. 15

EN

The trend of using the Internet of Things (IoT) can be considered a so-called new technological revolution. This fact is confirmed by the ever-increasing number of connected devices around the world in all areas of life. The Internet of Things is defined as the interconnectedness of things, services and users. It is an interplay of intelligent devices and intelligent communication technologies. The flow of information and events generated by the device can be used to simplify management, monitoring and coordination processes. Communication with devices, users and services is key to the Internet of Things. Communication technologies affect the usability of the device. New communication networks are currently emerging for the Internet of Things. These include, in particular, networks for the transmission of a smaller data stream, which is typical for sensors and transducers, to the respective device. The success of these networks depends on availability, low cost, low power consumption, long range and ease of use. The mentioned technological solutions ultimately enable a higher degree of interoperability of users with the internal environment thanks to higher information and evaluation of the internal environment in real time. Thanks to these technologies, it is possible to increase user comfort and efficiency of using buildings as such. The aim of this article is to define the basic principles and connections within the IoT issue in connection with the effective management and operation of buildings as one of the prerequisites for sustainability in the field of construction.

18

Students’ view of Quantum Information Technologies. Part 3

Twarowska Anna, Wietczak Justyna P., Szydłowski Kamil Ł., Kaczmarczyk Michał, Kaczkowski Maciej L., Pawlak Oliwia, Mastej Bartłomiej, Stranz Maciej, Hacaś Kinga, Sweklej Bartłomiej, Romaniuk Ryszard S.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2024

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Vol. 70, No. 2

509--518

EN

The article is part of a course on Quantum Information Technologies QIT conducted at the Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology of the Warsaw University of Technology. The subject includes a publishing workshop exercised by engineering students. How do ICT engineers see QIT from their point of view? How can they implement quantum technologies in their future work? M.Sc. students usually have strictly declared topics for their master’s theses. The implementation of some works is at an advanced stage. The potential areas of application of QIT are defined and narrow if they are to intellectually expand the area of the completed theses. This is the idea of incorporating QIT components or interfaces into classic ICT solutions at the software and hardware level. It is possible to propose a solution in the form of a functional hybrid system. QIT systems should be functionally incorporated into the existing ICT environment, generating measurable added value. Such a task is quite demanding, but practice shows that it interests students. Solutions don’t have to be mature or even feasible. They can be dreams of young engineers. The exercise is a publication workshop related to the fast development of QIT. The article is a continuation of publication exercises conducted with previous groups of students participating in QIT lectures.

19

Field trial and performance evaluation of IoT poultry farm monitoring system

Mulya Marga A. J., Suryadi Suryadi, Nugraha Heri, Suwandi Endang, Jayadi Jayadi, Wismogroho Agus S.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2024

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Vol. 70, No. 2

421--428

EN

IoT technology revolutionizes poultry farming by enabling real-time data collection and analysis. Traditional manual methods for monitoring temperature, humidity, and AC voltage are being replaced with automated systems. The IoT setup includes three sensor nodes, CCTV, an IoT gateway, and a web server. Temperature ranges from 27 to 35°C in off-fattening periods and consistently above 30°C during fattening. Humidity fluctuates between 60% to 90% in both periods. The CPU temperature remains within safe limits. Uplink data rates exceed 2 Mbps, while AC voltage initially falls below standards but improves over time.

20

Study of the ozone control process using electronic sensors

Marxuly Sunggat, Abdykadyrov Askar, Chezhimbayeva Katipa, Smailov Nunzhigit

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2024

|

T. 14, nr 4

35--45

EN

In research work the problem of studying the process of ozone control with the help of electronic sensors is considered. In research work, special sensors were used, which are formed around coronary electrodes in the ozonator and to monitor the concentration of ozone in the room. This is because ozone is known to adversely affect human health if its maximum permissible air concentration exceeds 0.16 mg/m3. A small system of ozonatorswas developed in a special laboratory, theoretical and experimental tests were carried out. In practice, the obtained data and the electric diagramof the ozonator (on the ARDUINO platform) were collected. "Prana Air" sensors and current sensors were used to accurately determine the ozone (O3) concentration around the ozone nozzle to measure the current at the electrodes.

PL

W pracy rozważono problem badania procesu kontroli ozonu za pomocą elektronicznych czujników. W badaniach zastosowano specjalne czujniki, które są rozmieszczone wokół elektrod koronowych w ozonatorze, aby monitorować stężenie ozonu w pomieszczeniu. Jestto istotne, ponieważ wiadomo, żeozon negatywnie wpływa na zdrowie człowieka, jeśli jego maksymalne stężenie w powietrzu przekracza 0,16 mg/m³.W specjalistycznym laboratorium opracowano niewielki system ozonatorów oraz przeprowadzono testy teoretyczne i eksperymentalne. W praktyce zebrano uzyskane daneoraz schemat elektryczny ozonatora (na platformie ARDUINO). Do dokładnego określenia stężenia ozonu (O₃) wokół dyszy ozonowej oraz do pomiaru prądu na elektrodach zastosowano czujniki "Prana Air" oraz czujniki prądu.