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1

Perception of health tourism among students in the context of sustainable development

Dudkiewicz Edyta

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 95 (tom 1)

23--39

EN

Tourism activity as a form of leisure time management influences the level and quality of life. This study presents the process of assessing the preferences of students when choosing a health resort as a travel destination, taking into account the six criteria they identified as influencing their decision. The pairwise comparison method was applied, using matrix calculus to determine the weights of each criterion, such as costs, tourist attractions, popularity of the health resort, treatment offer, accessibility and specific climatic conditions. The research indicates that for the respondents, the most important factor in their choice is the climate of the health resort, which promotes active tourism. Another important element is the availability of treatment services, which plays a significant role in evaluating the attractiveness of health resorts. The study highlights the need to consider sustainable development principles in the context of infrastructure, environmental protection and access to services. The analysis of the results points to the importance of adjusting the health resort offer to the needs of young people who prefer active tourism and seek to benefit from natural health and environmental resources, while also ensuring care for the environment and local communities.

2

Hrubieszów climate houses and gardens: from professor Wiktor Zin’s Family home to the ‘Wiktor’ riverside house – on the ‘good continuity’ of tradition in a dialogue with genius loci

Sykta Izabela

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2025

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nr 64

373--412

EN

This article discusses the disappearance and decay of the heritage of wooden residential development and the unification of architecture and homogenisation of nature in the contemporary housing environment. Reading the message of Hrubieszów-born Prof. Wiktor Zin about the need to protect the ‘vanishing’ beauty of the native landscape, the ‘Hrubieszów climate house’ project discovers the potential for development in heritage. The active conservation and regeneration of wooden houses, as opposed to demolition, and adaptive reuse combined with the continuation of tradition in a nature-bound housing are a sustainable local response to global environmental threats. These concerns were presented using Wiktor Zin’s family home and the design of the ‘Wiktor’ house inspired by it.

PL

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę zanikania i degradacji dziedzictwa drewnianej zabudowy mieszkalnej, unifikacji architektury i homogenizacji przyrody we współczesnym środowisku zamieszkania. Projekt „Hrubieszowski dom z klimatem”, odczytując przesłanie pochodzącego z Hrubieszowa profesora Wiktora Zina o potrzebie ochrony „ginącego” piękna rodzimego krajobrazu, odkrywa w dziedzictwie potencjał rozwojowy. Aktywna ochrona i regeneracja drewnianego budownictwa, nie burzenie i adaptacja połączone z kontynuowaniem tradycji w zabudowie zespojonej z przyrodą stanowią zrównoważoną lokalną odpowiedź na globalne zagrożenia środowiskowe. Problemy te przedstawiono na przykładzie domu rodzinnego Wiktora Zina i inspirowanego nim projektu ‘Wiktor’.

3

50 lat ochrony środowiska w Lubelskim Węglu ,,Bogdanka" S.A.

Rożnawski Bartosz, Kamińska-Wawryszuk Małgorzata

Przegląd Górniczy

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2025

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T. 82, nr 3

124--132

PL

Lubelski Węgiel „Bogdanka” S.A. obchodzi 50 lat swojej działalności i nieprzerwanie podejmuje działania na rzecz ochrony środowiska. Firma wdrożyła wiele inicjatyw mających na celu minimalizowanie negatywnego wpływu na środowisko. Działania te obejmują m.in. efektywne zarządzanie gospodarką wodną, rekultywację gruntów oraz gospodarowanie odpadami. Bogdanka rozumiejąc zmieniające się otoczenie podejmuje również działania na rzecz ochrony klimatu. Firma stale inwestuje w nowe technologie, które pozwalają na jeszcze efektywniejszą ochronę środowiska. Dzięki tym działaniom kopalnia Bogdanka jest przykładem odpowiedzialnego podejścia do eksploatacji surowców naturalnych. W artykule przybliżone zostały zagadnienia wpływu kopalni na poszczególne komponenty środowiska oraz sposoby ograniczenia oddziaływania wprowadzone przez Lubelski Węgiel „Bogdanka” S.A. na przestrzeni kilkudziesięciu lat działalności.

EN

Lubelski Węgiel "Bogdanka" S.A. is celebrating 50 years of its activity and has been continuously undertaking environmental protection efforts. The company has implemented numerous initiatives aimed at minimizing its negative impact on the environment. These activities include, among others, effective water management, land reclamation, and waste management. Understanding the changing environment, mine Bogdanka is also taking steps to protect the climate. The company continuously invests in new technologies that enable even more effective environmental protection. Thanks to these efforts, Bogdanka mine is an example of a responsible approach to natural resource exploitation. The article discusses the impact of the mine on individual environmental components and the methods of reducing its impact introduced by Lubelski Węgiel "Bogdanka" S.A. over several decades of its operation.

4

Species richness and diversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in three habitats in Northeast Algeria using artificial oviposition sites

Rouibi Abdelhakim, Rouibi Amna, Baaloudj Affef

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 1-2

21--32

EN

The problem of mosquitoes in Algeria is becoming more sensitive and critical due to the re-emergence of what we considered eradicated arboviruses. Therefore understanding their ecology and oviposition period can play a crucial role in having an effective and direct control program. The use of artificial oviposition sites in sampling of mosquitoes is considered a useful control program and makes a clear image of the mosquito species composition in the area. The study was carried out in El Tarf Province in Northeast Algeria, from April 2021 to March 2023, and the locations were selected in order to study the impact of the environment on mosquito species presence and abundance. We detected five species at three sites in the study area. Obtained data indicated higher richness in the urban and agricultural sites in contrast to riverine habitat due to the river contamination with sewage water which made the site inhabitable only for two species. The surprising result of this study was finding the invasive species i.e. Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus dominated, forming 61.12% of the all counted specimens, and outnumbering the native mosquitoes. There is a slight decline in the populations sampled in 2022, especially for Culiseta longiareolata and Aedes albopictus, and the population of Culex perexiguus quadrupled in one year, assumed to be due to the change in temperature between the two years. As artificial oviposition sites were checked two times per month temporal changes in mosquito abundance were also presented. The data collected on the mosquitoes' choice of breeding habitat can lead to planning practical and successful control programs, especially if accompanied by their spatiotemporal distribution.

5

Bering Sea climate dynamics forecast by novel multivariate natural hazard assessment method, utilizing self-deconvolution scheme

Ashraf Alia, Gaidai Oleg, Sheng Jinlu, Zhu Yan, Liu Zirui

Oceanologia

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2025

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No. 67 (2)

Art. no. 67206, 10 pp.

EN

This case study advocates a generic state-of-the-art multidimensional natural hazards evaluation methodology, applied to windspeeds and wave heights, measured in different offshore locations. Due to complex nonlinear spatiotemporal cross-correlations between different environmental system components and covariates, it is challenging to assess associated environmental risks, utilizing existing reliability techniques. Hence, it is necessary to develop novel multimodal reliability and risk assessment methods for natural hazards prognostics further, given global climate variability. Advocated multivariate risk assessment methodology being particularly suitable for both environmental and offshore/ocean structural systems, which have been either physically measured or numerically simulated over a representative period. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) buoys, operating in the central Bering Sea, provided the raw in situ measurements of windspeeds and wave heights, utilized in this case study. A relatively limited amount of underlying data had been analyzed – only 4 months between June and September 2024. The presented multimodal natural hazards prognostics methodology has a generic nature, hence, large amounts of measured data can be analyzed if available. A novel non-parametric deconvolution extrapolation scheme has been utilized to accurately forecast in situ extreme environmental climate dynamics events. System’s quasi-stationarity was assumed; otherwise, for nonstationary multidimensional dynamic systems with underlying multivariate trend, this trend has to be identified first, before the advocated reliability methodology to be applied. Distinct advantage of presented multivariate reliability methodology versus existing ones lies within its ability to overcome “curse of dimensionality”, namely ability to treat systems with dimensionality above two.

6

Analysis of rainfall and windflow patterns in southwestern Nigeria

Adeleke Elisha Ademola, Olabode Abiodun Daniel

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2025

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Vol. 13, Iss. 2

23--34

EN

The fluctuations in the observed rainfall pattern is a great concern for the rainfed-based system in Nigeria. In Southwestern Nigeria, for example, it has become difficult to predict rainfall activities in most cities and villages in the recent times. This study is focused on the analysis of rainfall and wind-flow patterns in Southwestern Nigeria. Secondary data on rainfall and wind-flow were collected from weather stations across Ikeja, Ibadan, Abeokuta, Osogbo and Akure between the years 1971 and 2020. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics with the results presented using wind flow maps. Results revealed that the recorded mean seasonal rainfall amounts of 303 mm in Ikeja, followed by Akure (229 mm), Osogbo (178 mm), and Ibadan (169 mm), were indications of local weather patterns like the influence of sea breeze that usually results in rainfall variability. The South-westerly monsoon is moisture - laden and hence a rain-bearing wind, which blows inland from the Atlantic Ocean. The study also observed the weakness of the wind during the December, January and February (DJF) months, due to the local influence of the dry harmattan wind that blows northerly from the opposite direction. This period of dryness has been accounted for in the low rainfall amount recorded in most stations. especially in Ibadan at this time. Primarily, heat, moisture and aerodynamic indices were found to be the primary control factors of rainfall patterns in the study area. It is therefore recommended that wind flow direction is an important key element to guide decisions on human outdoor activities, travel plans and agricultural practices.

7

Assessment of thermal comfort in residential buildings in the Iron Triangle of South Australia

Miszczuk Artur

Materiały Budowlane

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2025

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nr 12

208--220

EN

To assess the impact of indoor environmental conditions on occupants’ thermal comfort, a study was conducted in 30 homes in South Australia. A total of 3,540 surveys and sensor data on indoor conditions were collected. The analysis showed a neutral operative temperature of 23.9°C (living rooms: 23.7°C, bedrooms: 24.4°C). Thermal comfort ranges defined using the MTSV method were broader than those from the PMV method, suggesting greater occupant tolerance and potential energy savings.

PL

W celu oceny wpływu warunków wewnętrznych na komfort cieplny mieszkańców badanie przeprowadzono w trzydziestu domach (Port Augusta, Whyalla, Port Pirie) w Australii Południowej. Zebrano 3540 ankiet oraz dane z czujników mierzących warunki wewnętrzne. Analiza wykazała, że temperatura operatywna wynosi 23,9°C (salony: 23,7°C, sypialnie: 24,4°C). Zakres komfortu cieplnego wyznaczonego metodą MTSV jest szerszy niż uzyskany metodą PMV, co może oznaczać większą tolerancję mieszkańców i potencjalne oszczędności energii.

8

A new approach to modelling the average interannual streamflow in the watersheds of Northern Algeria

Adjissi Omar, Ghodbane Messaoud, Ladjel Mahmoud, Madani Khodir

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 65

24--35

EN

The estimation and potential exploitation of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, especially in the watersheds of Northern Algeria, where climatic variability affects the transformation of precipitation into river flow, needs to be based on effective management of these resources depends on understanding hydrological relationships. This must be grounded in knowledge and probable mastery of the phenomena governing their formation under local physico-geographical conditions, particularly in ungauged watershed areas. The objective of this approach is to develop a general and regional model for estimating interannual average flow (IAF) at the level of ungauged basins. This model is based on the analysing and identifying the influence of local factors such as the surface area of the watershed, relief, geology, soils, and plant cover. Its development relies on statistical and grapho-analytical methods. The results demonstrate that the watershed area and climatic flow are key parameters, which indicate the dependency of the climatic coefficient kobs on these two factors and give good correlations, which vary from 0.615 to 0.92. Hence, the model was established based on these two parameters and found to perform well in estimating IAF, according to the performance criteria.

9

Ocena ryzyka klimatycznego w ujęciu różnych metod: standardy ISO i metody eksperckie

Skrzyńska Magdalena

Energetyka

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2025

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nr 9

531--534

PL

Ryzyko klimatyczne odnosi się do zagrożeń wynikających ze zmian klimatu, które mogą negatywnie wpływać na gospodarkę, społeczeństwo oraz środowisko. Wzrastająca temperatura, która pociąga za sobą występowanie ekstremalnych zjawisk pogodowych, stwarza poważne wyzwania dla przedsiębiorstw. Dlatego ocena ryzyka klimatycznego staje się podstawowym narzędziem wspierającym podejmowanie decyzji w organizacjach i stanowi istotny element zarządzania strategicznego. Firmy, które nie podejmują działań dostosowawczych, narażają się na utratę konkurencyjności, reputacji, a w skrajnych przypadkach nawet zdolności do prowadzenia działalności. Klasyfikacja ryzyk klimatycznych została opracowana przez Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) i znajduje szerokie zastosowanie m.in. w Europejskich Standardach Raportowania Zrównoważonego Rozwoju (ESRS), Taksonomii UE i innych programach czy inicjatywach. Analizę ryzyka klimatycznego można wykonać wykorzystując różne narzędzia takie jak: norma PN-EN ISO 14091, czy np. zalecenia przedstawione przez TCFD.

EN

Climate risk refers to threats due to climate changes which can have a negative impact on the economy, society and environment. A rising temperature which leads to extreme weather phenomena gives rise to serious challenges for companies. Therefore, climate risk assessment has become a basic tool for supporting decision-making processes in organizations and is an essential element of strategic management. Companies which fail to undertake adaptation measures risk losing their competitiveness, reputation and, in extreme cases, even their ability to operate. Climate risk classification has been developed by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and is widely used, among others, in European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ERSR), the EU Taxonomy and other programs or initiatives. Climate risk can be analysed using different tools such as PN-EN ISO 14091 or the TCFD recommendations.

10

Climatic and hydrological conditions for the formation of vegetation cover in the drained Kakhovka reservoir’s territory

Pichura Vitalii, Potravka Larysa, Boiko Pavlo

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 4

357--376

EN

Today, scientists focus on studying the state of natural vegetation cover in the drained Kakhovka reservoir’s territory. In this regard, our research aims to establish the patterns of plant growth and the stability of vegetation cover depending on the current climatic and hydrological conditions in the drained Kakhovka reservoir’s territory. The results were obtained and the conclusions were drawn in the course of conducting comprehensive field research, calibrating and decoding the satellite images of Sentinel 2 L2A in 2023–2024. At the end of September 2023, the area covered with plants was 52.4 thousand hectares. The winter-spring period of 2024 was characterized by favorable climatic conditions, which contributed to spring floods that submerged up to 70% of the drained reservoir’s territory. This led to substantial moisture accumulation in the bottom sediments, contributing to the rapid growth of plant biomass and active chlorophyll synthesis in leaves. At the end of September 2024, the vegetation cover area in the former reservoir’s territory increased twofold. The maximum area of the reservoir’s overgrown bed amounted to 135 thousand hectares in 2023–2024, including 48 thousand hectares with woody plants (willows and poplars); 87 thousand hectares were largely covered with marsh and meadow plants with shrub patches. The lack of precipitation and the abnormal increase in the air temperature in July to the historical maximum (+40.5–42.0 °С) for the examined area provoked an acceleration in evapotranspiration and depletion of moisture reserves in the drained reservoir’s territory. This caused a deterioration in plant growth, drying out, and partial degradation. It was found that at the end of September 2024, 75.3% of vegetation cover was characterized by varying degrees of growth disturbance. A significant disturbance was observed in 43.5% of the area. The premature plant drying caused a loss of good properties of chlorophyll synthesis in 72.8% of the area. Negative processes led to a decrease in the area of healthy vegetation by 26.3 thousand hectares. It was proved that an increase in the frequency of climatic anomalies and a reduction in the discharge volumes from the Dnipro hydroelectric power plant into the former Kakhovka reservoir’s territory is a cause of the complication of plant survival conditions.

11

Systemy monitorowania i pomiaru temperatury gruntu w szklarniach – przegląd technologii i integracji ze sterowaniem (część 2)

Radek Patryk

Aura : Ochrona Środowiska

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2025

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Nr 9

14--19

PL

Pomiar temperatury gruntu bywa wyzwaniem, ze względu na niejednorodność warunków – mikroklimat szklarni może wykazywać znaczne gradienty przestrzenne temperatury, zarówno w powietrzu, jak i w glebie, zwłaszcza w dużych obiektach. Tradycyjne, pojedyncze czujniki nie oddają pełnego obrazu rozkładu temperatury, dlatego wprowadza się sieci czujników rozmieszczonych w wielu punktach lub czujniki rozproszone, zdolne do profilowania temperatury na przestrzeni. W ostatnich latach rozwijane są również inteligentne metody estymacji temperatury (np. modele logiki rozmytej czy sieci neuronowych), które wspierają lub uzupełniają pomiary fizyczne. Dokonano przeglądu obecnie stosowanych technologii monitorowania temperatury gruntu w szklarniach z uwzględnieniem zarówno podstaw naukowych, jak i aspektów inżynierskich wdrożeń. Omówiono dostępne technologie czujników m.in. systemy oparte na logice rozmytej i sieciach neuronowych, sieci bezprzewodowe WSN oraz czujniki IoT wraz z analizą ich dokładności i efektywności. Ponadto przedstawiono integrację tych systemów pomiarowych z układami sterowania klimatem szklarni od klasycznych regulatorów PID po zaawansowane algorytmy sterowania rozmytego i modelowo predykcyjnego (MPC, w tym hybrydowego HMPC).

EN

However, measuring ground temperature can be a challenge due to the heterogeneity of conditions – the greenhouse microclimate can exhibit significant spatial temperature gradients, both in the air and in the soil, especially in large facilities. Traditional single sensors do not provide a full picture of the temperature distribution, which is why networks of sensors distributed over many points or distributed sensors capable of profiling temperature over space are introduced. In recent years, intelligent temperature estimation methods (e.g. fuzzy logic models or neural networks) have also been developed, which support or complement physical measurements. A review of currently used technologies for monitoring ground temperature in greenhouses was made, taking into account both the scientific foundations and the engineering aspects of implementation. Available sensor technologies were discussed, including systems based on fuzzy logic and neural networks, wireless WSN networks and IoT sensors, along with an analysis of their accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, the integration of these measurement systems with greenhouse climate control systems is presented, from classic PID controllers to advanced fuzzy and model-predictive control algorithms (MPC, including hybrid HMPC).

12

Systemy monitorowania i pomiaru temperatury gruntu w szklarniach – przegląd technologii i integracji ze sterowaniem (cz. 1)

Radek Patryk

Aura : Ochrona Środowiska

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2025

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Nr 8

16--21

PL

Kontrola klimatu w szklarniach obejmuje nie tylko temperaturę i wilgotność powietrza, lecz także temperaturę gruntu (strefy korzeniowej), która silnie wpływa na wzrost i zdrowie roślin. Badania wskazują, że obok czynników takich jak temperatura powietrza, wilgotność czy natężenie światła, utrzymanie optymalnej temperatury podłoża jest kluczowe dla maksymalizacji plonów przy minimalnym zużyciu energii. Właściwe monitorowanie temperatury gruntu pozwala uniknąć stresu korzeni (np. wychłodzenia lub przegrzania), co przekłada się na lepszy wzrost i rozwój roślin. Przedstawiono przegląd obecnie stosowanych technologii monitorowania temperatury gruntu w szklarniach z uwzględnieniem zarówno podstaw naukowych, jak i aspektów inżynierskich wdrożeń. Omówiono dostępne technologie czujników (m.in. światłowodowe FBG i DTS, czujniki rezystancyjne, termopary) wraz z analizą ich dokładności i efektywności.

EN

Climate control in greenhouses includes not only air temperature and humidity, but also ground temperature (root zone), which strongly influences plant growth and health. Research indicates that, in addition to factors such as air temperature, humidity or light intensity, maintaining an optimal substrate temperature is crucial for maximizing yields with minimal energy consumption. Proper monitoring of ground temperature helps avoid root stress (e.g. cooling or overheating), which translates into better plant growth and development. An overview of the current situation is presented of currently used technologies for monitoring ground temperature in greenhouses, taking into account both the scientific basis and engineering aspects of implementation. Available sensor technologies (including fiber optic FBG and DTS, resistive sensors, thermocouples) are discussed along with an analysis of their accuracy and efficiency.

13

Zazielenianie dachów a zmiany klimatu

Wielgus Krzysztof

Zieleń Miejska

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2024

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Nr 4

20--22

PL

Coraz częściej wspomina się o konieczności dostosowania przestrzeni miejskiej do nowych realiów wynikających ze zmian klimatycznych. Tzw. dachy zielone mogą być nie tylko odpowiedzią na coraz większe wymagania, jakie stawiają przed tkanką miejską zmieniające się warunki pogodowe, lecz także sposobem na podniesienie jej atrakcyjności.

14

Zmiany klimatu to zmiany w gospodarce wodno-ściekowej

Łaskawiec Edyta

Technologia Wody

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2024

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Nr 1 (83)

24-28

PL

Zmiany klimatu nieodłącznie wiążą się z negatywnym wpływem na zasoby wodne, jednak dostrzeżenie szerokiego kontekstu problemu często jest utrudnione. Na pojawiające się problemy w gospodarce wodno-ściekowej mogą nakładać się również bariery instytucjonalne, ekonomiczne, zarządcze, a nawet zdrowotne. Dlatego niezbędne jest współdziałanie ekspertów z wielu dziedzin, ciągła edukacja oraz poszukiwanie możliwości adaptacji sektora do nowych wyzwań. Artykuł ma za zadanie zwrócił! uwagę na wybrane problemy współczesnego klimatu, które będą mieć coraz silniejszy wpływ na jakość i ilość wody, ale również na bezpieczeństwo gospodarowania ściekami.

EN

Climate change is inherently associated with negative impacts on water resources, but it is often difficult to see the broader context of the problem. Emerging problems in water and wastewater management may also result from institutional, economic, management, and even health barriers. Therefore, cooperation between experts from many fields, continuous education. and searching for opportunities to adapt the sector to new challenges is necessary. The article aims to draw attention to selected problems of the modern climate, which will have an increasingly more substantial impact on the quality and quantity of water and the safety of wastewater management

15

Polityka klimatyczna, czyli zmarnowane pieniądze

Bednarz Ludwik M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 3

319--322

16

Gospodarka wodna. Dorzecza Odry

Wrzecioniarz Piotr Antoni

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2024

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R. 79, nr 10/11

55--57

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono holistyczne podejście do zagadnienia wykorzystania dorzecza Odry z uwzględnieniem także interesów naszych sąsiadów Niemiec, Czech, Słowacji. Sformułowano 20 szczegółowych wniosków dotyczących gospodarki wodnej całego dorzecza, przedyskutowanych z członkami Odrzańskiej Izby Gospodarczej oraz partnerami z zagranicy. W podsumowaniu zwrócono uwagę na uwzględnienie zachodzących zmian klimatycznych oraz zagadnień ekologicznych w przyszłych pracach w tym zakresie.

EN

The study presents a holistic approach to the issue of using the Odra basin, also taking into account the interests of our neighbors Germany, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. 20 detailed proposals regarding water management of the entire basin were formulated, discussed with members of the Odra Chamber of Commerce and foreign partners. In the summary, attention was paid to taking into account the ongoing climate changes and ecological issues in future work in this area.

17

Iron springs, environmental changes, accelerated weathering and cave development in quartz sandstone in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia : preliminary studies

Rowling Jill

Landform Analysis

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2024

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Vol. 43

3--10

EN

After a series of extreme weather events (drought, bushfires and floods), iron flocs were seen at ephemeral springs in quartz sandstone in the Blue Mountains National Park, New South Wales, Australia. Naturally burnt areas allowed better viewing of small sandstone caves. This paper discusses some of the processes operating within the quartz sandstone, leading to the attractive and unusual shapes, and how extreme weather led to the mobilisation and redeposition of iron minerals.

18

The Climate Change Impact on the Development of Droughts in Ukraine

Polevoy Anatoly, Barsukova Olena, Husieva Kateryna, Zhygailo Olena, Volvach Oksana, Kyrnasivska Nataliia, Tolmachova Alla, Zhygailo Taras, Danilova Nataliia, Kostiukievych Tetiana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

194--205

EN

The paper considers the peculiarities of the climate change influence on the dynamics of drought development in Ukraine. The analysis was performed for average long-term climatic conditions during the growing season (1981–2020) and under climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the period of 2021–2050 (for the period as a whole and by the decades: 2021–2030, 2031–2040, 2041–2050). The drought development was studied over relatively short periods of time (ten days) at the main agroclimatic regions of Ukraine (Polissia, Forest-Steppe, Northern and Southern Steppe). The assessment of the aridity of ten-day periods was accomplished by means of a set of aridity indicators by Selyaninov, Shashko, Budagovskiy and Bova, which corrects and supplements each other; this made it possible to consider in detail the genesis of climate-induced drought in the agroclimatic regions of Ukraine. Analysis of the study results showed that the development of drought conditions in all agroclimatic regions is expected as early as in the first decade (2021–2030). According to both scenarios, from 4–6 in Polissia to 16–17 severe and very severe droughts in the Southern Steppe are expected. In the second decade (2031–2040), under RCP4.5, improvement in moistening conditions is expected in Polissia and Forest-Steppe and under RCP8.5, an increase in the level of aridity is expected in these agroclimatic regions. In the Northern Steppe and Southern Steppe the number of moderately, very and extremely dry ten-day periods will increase (from 9 to 17). In the third decade (2041–2050), under the RCP4.5 scenario, very severe aridity conditions are assumed in all agroclimatic regions. Under RCP8.5, good moistening conditions and, according to both criteria, a small number of dry ten-day periods are expected in Polissia and Forest-Steppe. As for the conditions at the Northern and Southern Steppes very severe drought conditions are expected (from 8 to 17 ten-day periods with moderate, severe and very severe drought). For 2021–2050 on the whole, there will be an increase in aridity during the growing season in all agroclimatic regions of Ukraine.

19

Investigation of the Formation of Productive Moisture Reserves in the Thickness of Chernozem under the Forest-Steppe Conditions

Bulgakov Volodymyr, Gadzalo Iaroslav, Demydenko Olexander, Rucins Adolfs, Kiernicki Zbigniew, Holovach Ivan, Trokhaniak Oleksandra, Tkachuk Vadym

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 10

224--238

EN

In this research paper analysis of the dynamics of the moisture content of the soil layer of chernozem and the accumulation of productive moisture reserves in its thickness was carried out, based on a set of data from 1947 to 2022. The change in the moisture regime within the periodically leaching water regime of the central part of the Left Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine has been analyzed. The analysis was performed under the crops: winter wheat, spring barley, corn for grain and silage, sugar beet, sunflower in crop rotations of various types to a depth of 0–100 cm to 0–300 cm. The purpose of the research was to establish the features of the formation of reserves of productive moisture in the chernozem thickness in a seasonal dimension upon the dynamics of climatic parameters against the background of their intra century climatic variability for the conditions of the left bank part of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The generally accepted research methods were used: field, laboratory, mathematical, statistical and comparative calculation. Based on the conducted research, the following results were obtained. In order to form a non-flushing humidification regime, it is necessary to accumulate 117–135 mm in the thickness of 0–100 cm, which will correspond to a reserve in the thickness of 0–200 cm – 117–167 mm. For periodic flushing water regime 160–165 mm of moisture should be accumulated in the 0–100 cm thickness, which will provide a moisture reserve of 300 mm in the 0–200 cm thickness. The flushing water regime is formed with a moisture reserve in the thickness of 0–100 cm in the amount of 175mm, which provides a moisture reserve in the thicknesses of 0–150 cm and 0–200 cm – 250 mm and 315 mm, which corresponds to the reserve of NV-VRK, and the thickness of 0–300 cm is saturated with moisture in an amount of more than 400 mm (HB-VK). Calculation of the paired correlation coefficients showed that an inverse strong correlation (R > –0.70) was found between the amount of precipitation for November – March and the supply of moisture to the meter layer of soil (R > –0.70), and the consumption of moisture from the soil for April – July correlated with the precipitation for November – March at the level of direct strong correlation (R ≥ 0.70). The relationship with the moisture consumption from the moisture potential for April – August was at the level of an inverse strong correlation (R< 0.70), i.e. the higher the amount of precipitation during the autumn-winter-spring period (cold period), the less moisture is recorded in a meter-thick layer, the greater its consumption in April-July from the soil and the smaller consumption of moisture potential in April-August. The zone of the central Forest-Steppe is characterized by a periodically leaching water regime, when an average of 165 mm of moisture accumulates in a meter-thick chernozem, and therefore gravitates towards the values of the moisture reserve in the non-flushing water regime, which exceeds its value by 25mm, which is a stable trend of aridization of soil conditions in spring period. The conditions of moistening chernozems, formed in a long-term time interval under the present climatic conditions of the central part of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, cannot be shifted under the influence of agrotechnical influences beyond the parameters of the non-leaching or periodically leaching water conditions in the agrocenosis. There is manifested the process of the self-regulation stability of the Forest-Steppe zone against active aridization and the “attack” of the Steppe on the Forest-Steppe.

20

Advanced wastewater reclamation - a response of the municipal sector to climate change and water scarcity

Zawadzki Piotr, Wiesner-Sękala Marta

Instal

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2024

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nr 12

65--74

EN

This paper presents systematised information concerning advanced technologies for municipal wastewater reclamation in 15 selected facilities worldwide. The analysed plants include both low-capacity facilities, designed to service specific needs, as well as major wastewater reclamation plants that service entire communities or cities, where the daily output can reach even up to 500 000 m3/d. These facilities serve from 4 000 to even up to 2.3 million people equivalent. State-of- the-art wastewater reclamation plants typically employ a combination of multiple treatment methods, such as physical (e.g. sand traps, filtration), biological (e.g. biological reactors, membrane bioreactors) and chemical (coagulation, flocculation). However, it is becoming more common for wastewater treatment plants to expand their processing systems with a tertiary wastewater recycling. These include filtration processes (e.g. sand or carbon filters), biological (e.g. biological activated carbon) and membrane, particularly microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. Reclaimed water is primarily used for irrigating green space, recreational areas, crop cultivation in agriculture, as well as potable water.

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono usystematyzowane informacje dotyczące zaawansowanych technologii odzysku wody ze ścieków komunalnych w 15 wybranych oczyszczalniach na całym świecie. Analizowane obiekty obejmują zarówno instalacje o niskiej wydajności, zaprojektowane do zaspokajania konkretnych potrzeb, jak i duże zakłady odzysku ścieków, obsługujące całe społeczności lub miasta, w których dzienna produkcja może osiągać nawet 500 000 m3/d. Obiekty te obsługują od 4 000 do nawet 2,3 miliona osób. Najnowocześniejsze instalacje odzysku wody ze ścieków zazwyczaj wykorzystują kombinację wielu metod oczyszczania, takich jak fizyczne (np. piaskowniki, filtracja), biologiczne (np. reaktory biologiczne, bioreaktory membranowe) i chemiczne (koagulacja, flokulacja). Jednak coraz częściej oczyszczalnie ścieków rozbudowują swoje systemy oczyszczania o trzeci stopień oczyszczania ścieków. Obejmują one procesy filtracji (np. filtry piaskowe lub węglowe), biologiczne (np. biologiczny węgiel aktywny) i membranowe, w szczególności mikrofiltrację, ultrafiltrację i odwróconą osmozę. Odzyskana woda jest wykorzystywana głównie do nawadniania terenów zielonych, terenów rekreacyjnych, upraw w rolnictwie, a także jako źródło wody do picia.