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1

Uwagi o budownictwie podziemnym w polskich miastach

Madryas Cezary

Przegląd Budowlany

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2025

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R. 96, nr 5

58--60

PL

Treść artykułu w szerszej formie stanowiła wstęp do dyskusji, jaka odbyła się w ramach Wrocławskich Dni Mostowych w 2022 roku [4]. Wskazuje na kilka istotnych problemów, które wiążą się z szeroko pojętym wykorzystaniem przestrzeni podziemnej w miastach, w tym budową tuneli. Problem tunelowania został przedstawiony na tle rozwoju urbanistyki przestrzeni podziemnej w krajach najbardziej rozwiniętych technologicznie, a także na tle istniejących inwestycji w polskich miastach. Przedstawione rozwiązania porównano z warunkami w Polsce, a także wskazano przyczyny znacznych opóźnień w tego typu budowach i inwestycjach tunelowych. Pozwala to sądzić, że tego typu konstrukcje staną się standardem również w Polsce. Podkreślono również zasadność omawiania zagadnień mostowych i tunelowych na wspólnych spotkaniach, co może sprzyjać szerszej analizie rozwiązań projektowych w obszarze transportu ludzi i towarów zarówno w obrębie miast, jak i poza nimi.

EN

The contents of the paper in a broader form was an introduction to a discussion as part of Wroclaw Bridge Days’2022 [4]. It indicates several important problems that are related to the broadly understood use of underground space in cities, including the construction of tunnels. The problem of tunneling was presented with regards to the development of the urban planning of underground space in the most technologically developed countries, and also with respect to existing investments in Polish cities. The presented solutions were compared with the conditions in Poland, and the causes of significant delays in these type of constructions and tunnel investments were provided. This allows for the belief that such structures will also become the standard in Poland. The justification for discussing bridge and tunnel issues at joint meetings was also emphasized, which may be conducive to a broader analysis of design solutions in the area of transporting people and goods both within cities and out of them.

2

Przecisk hydrauliczny – klasyczna technika bezwykopowa w zmieniających się odsłonach

Przybyła Bogdan

Materiały Budowlane

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2025

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nr 5

134--137

3

Londyn: pod Tamizą wybudowano Superkolektor ściekowy

Kwinta Wojciech

Inżynieria Bezwykopowa

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2025

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nr 1

78--85

PL

Z tekstu dowiesz się: jak długo trwało drążenie tuneli, kiedy ostatecznie zakończono prace, jakie znaczenie ma superkolektor.

4

Wielkie zmiany na Zakopiance: tunele w budowie i planowane

Kwinta Wojciech

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2025

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nr 2

86--94

PL

Z tekstu dowiesz się: jakie tunele są budowane, jakie i ile jest w planach, o innych zadaniach w ramach modernizacji zakopianki.

5

Przyszła S7 to niemal podziemna Zakopianka : warianty trasy wręcz toną w tunelach

Łukasz Madej

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2025

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nr 4

98--99

PL

Z tekstu dowiesz się: dlaczego w każdym z nich kluczową rolę odgrywają tunele oraz jakie czynniki terenowe i środowiskowe wymuszają ich budowę, w których miejscach zaplanowano podziemne odcinki i jaka jest ich długość w poszczególnych wariantach trasy.

6

Kolejowa rewolucja: w Gdańsku niezbędne są tunele

Madej Łukasz

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2025

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nr 1

96--97

PL

Z tekstu dowiesz się: jak dużo osób będzie korzystać z południowego odcinka PKM, jaki jest obecny szacunkowy koszt budowy linii, ile powstanie podziemnych przystanków.

7

Numerical Analysis of Tunnel Displacement Profiles with Pipe Umbrella Support: Parametric Study of Selected Umbrella ParametersNumerical Analysis of Tunnel Displacement Profiles with Pipe Umbrella Support: Parametric Study of Selected Umbrella Parameters

Pachnicz Michał, Bagińska Irena

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2025

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Vol. 35, no. 1

160--176

EN

Ensuring the stability of tunnels excavated in weak rock masses poses significant engineering challenges, particularly in controlling deformations of the excavated rock-mass. This research represents a conceptual analysis aimed at exploring the effectiveness of pipe umbrella support systems across various configurations, without being tied to a specific tunnel project. The study also investigates the possibility of using simplified Finite Element Method (FEM) modelling for such purpose. Specifically, analysis focuses on findin the correlation between selected design parameters and support system performance. A numerical model incorporating the Hoek-Brown failure criterion, was employed to simulate the interaction between the pipe umbrella and surrounding rock mass. Key parameters analyzed include the length of the pipe umbrella segments, overlap between segments, and the stiffness of the pipe umbrella material. The results demonstrate the potential in reducing both radial and axial displacements as the segment length of the pipe umbrella and overlap increase, with diminishing returns observed for higher umbrella’s stiffness values. This study despite being based on theoretical case scenario also highlights the practical advantages of a simplified axisymmetric FEM model for conducting parametric analyses, significantly reducing computational complexity while maintaining sufficient accuracy.

8

Study on deformation of layered rock tunnel based on material point method

Pang Jingjie, Xing Zhenhua, Li Yang, Xia Binwei, Wan Gexin, Wang Shusen, Fu Kang

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 71, nr 1

65--81

EN

The stability problems of layered rock mass are frequently encountered in tunnel and underground engineering. Affected by bedding plane, the mechanical properties of surrounding rock show obvious anisotropy, which makes its failure characteristics more complicated. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the deformation and damage characteristics of the tunnel in layered rock for the safe and efficient development. In this study, a numerical simulation tool based on material point method and strain softening model is used to establish the plane strain model of tunnel in layered rock, and the deformation process of the tunnel with different dip angles and different rock thickness is studied. The results show that: 1) Compared with the physical simulation test, it is proved that the tool used can simulate the complex process of tunnel deformation and instability, and effectively realize delamination, shear slip and rock fracture in the failure process of tunnel in layered rock; 2) The bedding plane has a significant influence on the failure characteristics of surrounding rock, and the damaged area increases significantly on the bedding plane, cracks are always concentrated in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane, and the smaller the thickness of the rock layer, the larger the damage area of the surrounding rock; 3) With the increase of joint angle, the number of failure points presents a U-shaped trend, and the decrease of rock thickness will lead to an increase in the number of failure points and a decrease in the percentage of shear failure points.

9

Wentylacja w tunelach – zasady i wymagania

Mosty

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2024

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nr 4

86--87

PL

W artykule omówiono kluczowe aspekty dotyczące projektowania systemów wentylacyjnych w tunelach drogowych, uwzględniając zarówno wentylację naturalną, jak i mechaniczną. Przedstawiono też wymagania dotyczące długości tuneli, rodzaju ruchu oraz konieczność analiz ryzyka w celu zapewnienia odpowiedniej jakości powietrza i bezpieczeństwa użytkowników.

10

Zastosowanie betonu jamistego jako warstwy nawierzchni obiektów inżynierskich

Banaś Anna, Kałużyński Michał, Kuryłowicz Andrzej

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 12

245--249

11

Realizacja wjazdu do podziemi Teatru Rozmaitości w Warszawie

Jaworski Andrzej

Inżynier Budownictwa

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2024

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nr 4

84--89

12

To będzie najdłuższy tunel w Polsce : przed nami kluczowy etap

Madej Łukasz

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2024

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nr 1

84--88

PL

Z tekstu dowiesz się: dlaczego tunel pod Odrą będzie dłuższy niż pierwotnie sądzono, na czym polegały badania podłoża gruntowego, jakie korzyści przyniesie budowa zachodniej obwodnicy Szczecina.

13

Ten tunel to wyzwanie dla najlepszych : trudne warunki i zagrożenie metanowe

Madej Łukasz

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2024

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nr 2

72--76

PL

Z tekstu dowiesz się: na czym polega trudność prac prowadzonych we fliszu karpackim; czy wykrycie metanu zmieniło działania na placu budowy; jak należy dozbroić TBM.

14

Linie kolejowe w Polsce schodzą pod ziemię. Wyzwania dla najlepszych

Madej Łukasz

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2024

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Nr 3

78-80

PL

Z tekstu dowiesz się: gdzie w najbliższych latach powstaną tunele kolejowe w naszym kraju, w ciągu jakiej linii funkcjonuje najdłuższy obecnie tunel kolejowy w Polsce, które miasto od ponad 100 lat planuje budowę tunelowego połączenia z Krakowem.

15

Jeden tunel, wiele wyzwań : specjalne rozwiązania

Madej Łukasz

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2024

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nr 2

82--86

PL

Z tekstu dowiesz się: na czym polega metoda NATM; w jakich warunkach geologicznych drążono tunel; jakie były poszczególne etapy budowy.

16

Distinct element simulation of rock mass deformation near tunnels in complex geological conditions, guided by statistical experimental design

Jakubowski Jacek, Phan Tuan Anh

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 69, no. 4

685--709

EN

The mechanics of a flysch rock mass is determined by its complex discontinuity, heterogeneity, anisotropy, and diverse deformation modes. This study proposes a new methodology to simulate the deformation of Carpathian flysch in the vicinity of tunnels, employing the distinct element method (DEM), global-local modelling approach and a hybrid representation of discontinuities. The methodology enables the simulation of a wide range of structural models and properties of Carpathian flysch and reduces the computational complexity of numerical models. A global model reflects the initial stress field. Local models detail the properties of joint sets separating rock blocks and the properties of the ubiquitous joint model material inside the discrete blocks. Both direct and indirect representations of discontinuities contribute to the model response. The numerical model is addressed as a multiparameter system and examined through statistical design of experiments (DOE). The model is calibrated and validated using field measurements of displacements and convergences. The factors contributing to uncertainty in the simulation results are considered. A parametric analysis was conducted on the deformation of flysch rock mass surrounding a tunnel, evaluating the impact of bedding orientation, depth, and support stiffness. Bedding dip direction explained the asymmetry in sidewall convergence and its changes. Discontinuity stiffness and dilation, rarely studied model parameters, were found to have a significant effect on simulation error.

17

Three-dimensional Analysis of a Tunnel Excavation in a Jointed Rock Mass

Zabuski Lesław

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2024

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Vol. 71, nr 1

123–-134

EN

A tunnel at a shallow depth, lying between several and 55 meters, was excavated in a jointed rock mass. Models of the rock mass and tunnel were elaborated basing on the data from an object in Carpathian flysch (Poland). The tunnel behaviour was analysed by using FLAC3D program and Coulomb-Mohr criterion and ubiquitous model of the rock mass with 10 combinations of the joint systems orientation (with respect to the tunnel axis). The tunnel shape is horse-shoe and its height equals 4.5 m. In each tunnel cross-section, 16 rock bolts and 20 cm shotcrete layer (with the strength increasing with time) were mounted. In cases of unfavourable orientation of joint system and unstable conditions, rock bolting of the tunnel heading face was installed and modelled. The numerical analysis was carried out for each excavation step, equal to 1.5 m. The entire deformation process and stress redistribution were registered starting with the cross-section in originally intact rock mass (i.e. before the tunnel heading face reached it), to the section located far from the face, in already supported and stabilized tunnel. The results obtained show the effect of discontinuities orientation on the stress distribution and displace ment magnitude. The first signs of tunnel approaching heading face appear in a cross-section situated in a distance of 7 to 9 m from it. The processes of stress and displacement redistribution are long-range and occur in a distance of many meters from the already excavated tunnel face. The important result of the analysis was the determination of the ground response curves representing decompression and support loading as a function of the excavation advance. These results allow for better design of a proper support system of the tunnel.

18

Characteristics of sandstone unloading creep and modelling for safe tunnel construction under high perimeter pressure and high pore water pressure condition

Song Li, Tang Fujun, Kong Dehui

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 70, nr 3

499--512

EN

Research on the properties of sandstone in the tunnel environment has been conducted due to the building industry’s rapid development, which is gradually involving underground water. Sandstone used in tunnel construction is susceptible to high perimeter and water pressures as a result of the abundance of sand and gravel close to groundwater, which might result in mishaps resembling collapses. The modified Burgers Model for the Malm dataset is the foundation of this study, which aims to reduce the internal crack extension caused by sandstone’s unloading creep. First, the study increased the material’s Poisson’s ratio in accordance with the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion and builds a triaxial loading model on its foundation. Next, it analyzed the extension of the fracture surface of sandstone while taking high peripheral pressure and high hydraulic pressure into account. Finally, it discretized the unloading creep of sandstone using the improved Burgers model. On the basis of the model put forward in the study, experimental validation was then done on the Malm dataset. The sandstone would reach the final rupture area without any protection measures in just 10 days, but the model suggested in the study can delay this time to 200 days, while the effects of the other three models would delay this time by 75, 60, and 41 days, respectively. The model’s breadth was indicated by the linear fit value of 0.9827 for 36 experiments. The experimental findings demonstrated that the model suggested in the study can successfully lower the rate of sandstone unloading creep and increase worker safety.

19

A better understanding of tunnel deformable supports: from analytical model to engineering application

Wu Kui, Wang Yuzhu, Zheng Xiaomeng, Zhao Nannan

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, no. 2

art. no. e114, 2024

EN

The severe failure of strong supports occurred in the Xinhua tunnel that was a deep-buried tunnel excavated in squeezing ground. In order to address such problem, this study explores the possibility of applying deformable supports in this tunnel. The mechanical response of a circular “rockbolt and yielding lining” supported tunnel is studied from the perspective of the convergence-confinement method. The equations for calculating the elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle of bolted rock are provided firstly; the mechanical model of the bolted tunnel is established then, where the surrounding rock can be classified into the plastic bolted, elastic bolted, and elastic unbolted regions. The equations for constructing the ground reaction curve are provided considering rockbolt reinforcement and rock shear dilatancy. The reduced case that the surrounding rock does not generate the plastic region is discussed as well, if the support pressure is higher than the critical value. The required minimum support pressure is further determined following the assumptions of maximizing the utilization of rockbolt bearing capacity and generating no loosening rock pressure. The exact equations for determining the lining thickness and length of highly deformable elements are provided with the intention to ensure lining safety and accept rock displacement. Based on the consideration of shotcrete hardening property, the equation to calculate the yielding stress of highly deformable elements is provided. The equations for GRC in this study can be reduced to those without considering rockbolt reinforcement or rock shear dilatancy. The design model of yielding lining is well applied in the Xinhua tunnel. The analysis results show that the rock displaces for 382.6 mm and the lining generates a plastic displacement of 281.8 mm in the Xinhua tunnel using the strong supports, which have a good agreement with the field monitoring data. The required lining thickness is equal to 28 cm and the installation number and length of highly deformable elements are 9 and 41.3 cm, respectively, when the yielding lining is employed in the Xinhua tunnel. Finally, a parametric investigation is carried out, including the cohesion and internal friction angle of rock, rockbolt length, and initial ground stress. Some recommendations for the tunnel design are proposed.

20

Wykonanie wyjść ewakuacyjnych na przykładzie tunelu w Świnoujściu

Mosty

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2023

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nr 1

60--62

PL

Jednym z najtrudniejszych zadań przy budowie tunelu pod Świną w Świnoujściu była realizacja wyjść ewakuacyjnych, które powstały przy zastosowaniu metody mrożenia gruntu.