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1

Competing for the Same Market - Germany. A Study of the Polish and Turkish Textile & Clothing Industry

Divrik Bahar

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2025

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Vol. 33, no. 1

66--78

EN

The textile and clothing industries (TC) are of foremost significance for both the Polish and Turkish economies. Germany is a major export market for both the Polish and Turkish textile and clothing industries. The aim of this research is to analyse the competitiveness of the Polish and Turkish TC industries in the German market. The research states that although the Turkish TC industry is more competitive in international markets, the Polish TC industry has surpassed Turkey’s in the German market since 2018. The results of the study show that both the Polish and Turkish TC industries have an over-concentration on HS61 and HS62 codes of the clothing industry, while they should focus more on innovation and sustainability to increase their competitiveness.

2

Prediction Models with Multiple Linear Regressionfor Improving Acoustic Performance of Textile Industry Plants

Yaman Muammer, Kurtay Cüneyt, Ulukavak Harputlugil Gülsu

Archives of Acoustics

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2025

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Vol. 50, nr 1

3--16

EN

In industrial plants noise is a major threat to the mental and physical health of employees. The risk increasesmore due to the presence of high noise sources and the presence of too many employees in textile industryplants. This paper aims to predict the consequences of variables that may arise in the plants for acousticimprovement in textile industry plants. For this purpose, scenario plants have been created according to archi-tectural properties and source-transmission path-receiver characteristics. The acoustic analyses of the scenarioplants were performed in the ODEON Auditorium, andA-weighted sound pressure level (LA), noise reduc-tion (NR), and reverberation time (RT) were determined. From the data, prediction equations were createdwith a multiple linear regression (MLR) model. To test the prediction equations, acoustic measurements weremade, and acoustics improvements were carried out at a textile industry plant located in Türkiye. When theobtained results, the success, validity, and reliability of the prediction method are provided. In conclusion,the effect of architectural properties and the surface absorption on acoustic improvements in the textile in-dustry was revealed. It was emphasized that prediction methods can be used to determine the effectiveness ofinterventions that can be applied in different facilities and can be improved in future studies.

3

Polish perception of Turkish negotiators in the textile industry: research findings

Chmielecki Michał

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 197

87--98

EN

Purpose: This study aims to understand how Polish importers perceive Turkish exporters' negotiation behavior within the textile industry. It explores the cultural underpinnings that influence these perceptions and behaviors, utilizing Hofstede's cultural dimension framework. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed qualitative research through 27 in-depth interviews with Polish importers who had experience cooperating with Turkish textile and apparel exporters. This study was conducted from May to July 2023. Findings: The findings reveal that Polish importers perceive Turkish negotiators as expecting long-term commitments, focusing on long-term benefits while being competitive yet ready to make frequent concessions. Respect and building trusting relationships were deemed crucial, with negotiations often being slow, and bargaining expected as part of the process. Research Limitations/Implications: This study's limitation is its focus on Polish perceptions, which may not fully encapsulate the dynamics of Turkish negotiators' intentions. Future research could include perspectives of Turkish negotiators or explore negotiations in other industries for a broader understanding. Practical Implications: Understanding these negotiation dynamics can improve cross-cultural business relationships between Polish importers and Turkish exporters, leading to more effective negotiation strategies and outcomes. Social Implications: The research underscores the importance of cultural awareness in international business negotiations, which could foster better international cooperation and understanding. Originality/Value: This study presents unique research findings and contributes to the existing literature by focusing on the specific context of Polish-Turkish negotiations in the textile industry, highlighting the role of cultural influences on negotiation behaviors and perceptions.

4

Odpady z przemysłu tekstylnego jako nośnik azotu organicznego dla sektora ogrodniczego

Ciesielczuk Tomasz

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2024

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T. 28, nr 1

61--68

PL

Zjawisko fast fashion generuje co roku znaczne masy odpadów tekstylnych. Tylko w Europie to 12,6 mln Mg z czego ubrania i obuwie to 5,2 mln Mg. Jednym ze sposobów ich zagospodarowania jest recykling materiałowy, gdzie w procesach rozwłókniania, przędzenia i tkania powstanie nowa tkanina, jednak udział tak przetwarzanych odpadów wynosi 1% masy. Innym sposobem jest zagospodarowanie mające na celu poprawę własności gleb poprzez zastosowanie modyfikowanych fizycznie i chemicznie odpadów i wykorzystanie jako polepszacza glebowego. W pracy badano możliwość zastosowania odpadowej tkaniny bawełnianej jako nośnika organicznego nawozu azotowego o zrównoważonym działaniu. Skrawki odpadowej tkaniny bawełnianej o gramaturze 408g/m2 nasycano gorącym roztworem kolagenu, który po wysuszeniu stanowił 1/3 masy próbek. Tak przygotowane skrawki, zastosowano jako nawóz dla gleby lekkiej o składzie granulometrycznym piasku gliniastego. Zastosowano przemywanie wodą deszczową o temperaturze 20oC. Azot zawarty w kolagenie został uwolniony w ciągu 42 dni do roztworu glebowego, przy czym maksimum stężeń przypadło na okres 4-6 dnia po aplikacji. Dodatkową zaletą uzyskanego materiału jest naturalna pojemność wodna bawełny, co jest istotne z punktu widzenia gromadzenia wody w glebach lekkich. Równolegle, zaobserwowano powolną degradację tkaniny bawełnianej, która po 3 miesiącach inkubacji rozpadała się na fragmenty. Zastosowana modyfikacja odpadowej tkaniny bawełnianej daje możliwość zagospodarowania odpadów tekstylnych jako nośnik nawozu, co pozwoli na zmniejszenie masy odpadów bawełnianych kierowanych do spalania lub składowanych.

EN

The fast fashion phenomenon generates significant amounts of textile waste every year. Only in Europe it is 12.6 million Mg, of which oak trees and footwear account for 5.2 million Mg. One way to manage them is material recycling, where new fabric will be created in the processes of fiberising, spinning and weaving, but the share of waste processed in this way is 1% of the mass. Another method is development aimed at improving the properties of soil by using physically and chemically modified waste and using it as a soil improver. The study examined the possibility of using waste cotton fabric as a carrier of an organic nitrogen fertilizer with a sustainable effect. Scraps of waste cotton fabric with a grammage of 408 g/m2 were saturated with hot collagen solution, which after drying constituted 1/3 of the weight of the samples. The scraps prepared in this way were used as fertilizer for light soil with a granulometric composition of clay sand. Rinsing with rainwater at a temperaturę of 20°C was used. The nitrogen contained in the collagen was released into the soil solution within 42 days, with the maximum concentration occurring 4-6 days after application. An additional advantage of the obtained material is the natural water capacity of cotton, which is important from the point of view of collecting water in light soils. At the same time, slow degradation of the cotton fabric was observed, which broke into fragments after 3 months of incubation. The applied modification of waste cotton fabric makes it possible to use textile waste as a fertilizer carrier, which will reduce the weight of cotton waste sent for incineration or landfilled.

5

From Traditional Industry to Smart Regional Specialisation: Textile Industry Transformation in the Łódź Region

Nowakowska Aleksandra, Jóźwik-Pruska Jagoda, Madej-Kiełbik Logina, Gzyra-Jagieła Karolina

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2024

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Vol. 32, no. 1

25--39

EN

The aim of the article is to examine how the textile industry in the Łódź Voivodeship has evolved in the context of building smart regional specialisations. The ideas underlying the concept of smart regional specialisation in order to use this foundation to outline the trends in the development and transformation of the textile industry in Central and Eastern European countries are described. The transformation of the innovative capacity of this industry in the Łódź region is shown. The research used an analysis of existing materials, statistical methods and LQ location indicators. Specific territorial capital accumulated for over two centuries and encapsulated in tradition, knowledge, skills, and economic relations in the Łódź region has provided a unique economic potential for the development of the textile industry. The period of rapid transformation was followed by stabilisation and the reconstruction of its potential and building smart specialisation, which will become the impetus for regional competitiveness.

6

Forecasting the Profitability of the Textile Sector in Emerging European Countries Using Artificial Neural Networks

Pîrvu Daniela, Bondoc Maria-Daniela, Apostol Luiza Mădălina

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2024

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Vol. 32, no. 5

39--48

EN

This study analyzes a set of key performance indicators for listed companies in the textile industry in emerging European countries: EBITDA margin, operating margin, pretax ROA, pretax ROE. Several statistical-econometric methods (dynamics analysis, structural analysis and regression) were used to provide an overview of the evolution of the public companies studied for the period 2012- 2022, as well as a number of forecasts for the period 2023-2025. GMDH Shell software was used for public companies’ pretax ROA forecast analysis in the textile industry in emerging European countries. The factor regression models that were constructed are valid for eight of the nine countries studied.

7

Leveraging Lean and Green Supply Chain Practices for Sustainable Supply Chain Performance: The Moderating Role of Environmental Orientation

Aladaileh Mohammad J., Aladayleh Khaled J., Lahuerta-Otero Eva, Cordero-Gutiérrez Rebeca

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2024

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Vol. 16, no. 3

75--97

EN

This study investigates the impact of lean and green supply chain practices on business process performance and sustainable supply chain performance. The research utilises the resource-based view (RBV) theory to construct a conceptual model wherein lean and green supply chain practices are employed to augment business processes and sustainable performance. Concurrently, dynamic capabilities theory is applied to signify an organisation’s capacity to adapt and evolve in response to internal and external pressures from customers and competitors. The conceptual model is validated using structural equation modelling with a sample of 170 supply chain practitioners from the apparel and textile supply chain in Jordan. Results indicate that lean practices exhibit no direct impact, whereas green practices significantly influence business process performance and indirectly affect sustainable supply chain performance. Business process performance does not mediate the relationship for lean practices, but it does so for green practices. Moreover, the environmental orientation of both competitors and customers negatively moderates the impact of green practices on business processes and sustainable supply chain performance. These findings contribute to existing literature and underscore the crucial role of green supply chain practices in enhancing sustainable supply chain performance in the apparel and textile industry.

8

Production waste of the textile and clothing industry in sustaindevelopment context

Kliś Simona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 168

187--198

EN

Purpose: The main aim of the research presented in this article was identification and categorization of the main production waste generated in the textile and clothing industry and their impact on the environment in the context of sustainable development, together with the presentation of several proposals for solutions to the problem of production waste. Nowadays, through the newly emerging EU directives, the increasing population and consumer lifestyle, thus the huge amounts of generated waste, the problem of waste coming from textile and clothing industry will increase and it will be more important to find new solutions to it. Design/methodology/approach: In the research presented in this article, an analysis of the literature on the processes of the textile and clothing industry was used; waste generation from these industries and their impact on the environment along with the concept of sustainable development. Findings: The management of waste from the textile and clothing industry is an important factor influencing the sustainable development of the economy, both in the world and in Poland. Under the newly created EU directives, it will be a very important issue in the future, which will require urgent addressing this topic and finding optimal solutions in the context of sustainable development or the circular economy. Research limitations/implications: In the future, research will be continued in the field of production waste management in the textile and clothing industry, their disposal or recycling. Practical implications: This article provides an overview of quantitative research and diversity of waste from the textile and clothing industry in Poland and in the world. This review shows the importance and scale of the problem and allows for further continuation of research to manage the generated waste. The author has also collected concepts for the further management of post-production waste, which she presented in the article, but they require a broader and more detailed analysis. Originality/value: Based on empirical research, the article shows the scale of the problem that, through the new EU directives on the circular economy and sustainable development, will be a forward-looking and important issue. Additionally, the article presents concepts for waste management from the industrial and consumer perspective.

9

The Relationship of Dust Exposure with Respiratory Disorders Symptoms Among Textile Industry Workers

Berlian Alifia Intan, Setiani Onny, Sulistiyani Sulistiyani, Raharjo Mursid, Darundiati Yusniar Hanani

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

35--46

EN

Preliminary study of the total dust exposure in the textile industry of Semarang city is 233 μg/Nm3, which exceeds the quality standard. The high concentration of dust is influenced by increased productivity, so that it has the potential as a source of pollutants that can affect the respiratory system of workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dust exposure and respiratory disorders symptoms in workers. The method used is a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 161 people and 6 points of dust measurement locations. The Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 24 with Chi square and Binary logistic regression tests to determine the relationship. The results showed that the average dust concentration exceeded the quality standard, namely 4 location points for PM2.5, 1 location point for PM10, and 2 location points for total dust. The average exposure to respirable dust is 3.93 μg/m3, which exceeds the quality standard. A total of 57% of workers experienced symptoms of respiratory disorders with the results of bivariate statistical analysis of 5 significant variables, namely PM2.5 (p = 0.021), PM10 (p = 0.002), total dust (p = 0.000), respirable dust (p = 0.002), and working period (p = 0.037). Meanwhile, the results of the binary logistic regression test had 2 significant variables, namely total dust (p = 0.000) and respirable dust (p = 0.006). The conclusion of this study is that total dust and respirable dust that exceed the quality standard have a higher risk of causing respiratory disorders symptoms with a probability of 71.6% and dust may be minimized by adding a pneumablo to each machine.

10

Investigation of the Physico-Chemical Quality of the Wastewater in Fez City (Morocco) Using a Multivariate Statistical Method

El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Elyemni Majda, Adachi Abderrazzak, Hmamou Anouar, Bendaoud Ahmed, Chaouch Mehdi, Lahkimi Amal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

15--25

EN

Similar to countries with arid and semi-arid climates, Morocco faces problems of degradation of the quality of its environment and more specifically the quality of groundwater. In this work, we approached the physico-chemical characterization of the raw effluents of three industrial units in Fez city, namely the textile industry (U1), the copperware industry (U2), olive oil industry (U3) chosen for their degree of pollution and their environmental impact,the aim of which is to highlight the degree and nature of the pollution generated by these effluents, and their biodegradability during the winter period January to February of 2018, when the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) is malfunctioning. A set of samplings and measurements of different physico-chemical pollution parameters were carried out such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, chlorides, BOD5, COD, suspended solids (SS), Ca2+, K+, as well as heavy metals. The results show that the U3 effluent is highly loaded in organic matter with high COD (37600 mg O2/L) and BOD5 (13000 mg O2/L), while the U2 effluent contains very high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd) 91,8, 71, 55,4, 53, 28 mg/L, respectively. on the other hand, the U1 effluent is characterized by high SS contents, and concentrations of Ca2+, K+ exceed Moroccan standards. The COD/BOD5 ratio shows that U1and U2 effluents are difficult to biodegrade even if their organic loads are low. In the light of these results, it is recommended that these discharges be pre-treated before they are discharged into the liquid sewer system.

11

Odpowiedź Instytutów Łukasiewicza na wzrost zapotrzebowania na środki ochrony osobistej

Brzoza-Malczewska Kinga

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2021

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R. 77, nr 6

312--314

PL

Ostatnie miesiące przyniosły nieoczekiwane zapotrzebowanie na środki ochrony osobistej w branży tekstylnej oraz w branży wyrobów medycznych. Zagrożenie chorobą Covid-19 dotknęło niemalże cały świat. Na początku kwietnia 2020 r. Centrum ds. Prewencji i Kontroli Chorób (CDC), a następnie Ministerstwo Zdrowia zaleciło zakrywanie ust i nosa przez wszystkich obywateli kraju. W związku z tym, polski rynek zareagował dynamicznie na potrzeby konsumenta. Decyzja ta pobudziła przedsiębiorców wyrobów tekstylnych do wzmożonej produkcji dzianin, tkanin, włóknin oraz maseczek, wykorzystywanych podczas zwalczania wirusa.

12

Sustainable Fashion and Young Fashion Designers: Are Fashion Schools Teaching Sustainability?

Shen Lei, Sethi Muhammad Hussnain

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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Vol. 29, no. 5 (149)

9--13

EN

The fashion Industry is one of the major polluting industries globally, and it has become a hot topic of debate. Thousands of people participate in climate change marches and attend seminars worldwide, but sadly most of them usually wear fast fashion products due to the lack of awareness. This pilot research investigates how well freshly graduated fashion designers know sustainable textiles and fashion as fashion designers are the ones who lead the fashion industry. We used a qualitative research method, and focus group discussion was applied for data collection. Twenty-four freshly graduated fashion designers from China, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan participated in this research. The focus group discussions were conducted in Shanghai, China. Topics were divided into three categories:(a) fast fashion, recycling & upcycling, (b) zero-waste fashion, and (c) eco-friendly fibres. Findings disclosed that the participants were well-aware of techniques like fashion illustration, pattern-making, and draping but comparatively uninformed about sustainable fashion. They were familiar with the term „sustainable fashion” but completely unaware of details and their sustainability responsibilities. Suggestions to rectify this important issue are provided in this study.

PL

Branża modowa jest jedną z głównych branż zanieczyszczających środowisko na całym świecie i stała się gorącym tematem debaty. Tysiące ludzi bierze udział w marszach klimatycznych i uczestniczy w seminariach na całym świecie, ale niestety większość z nich zwykle nosi produkty typu fast fashion z powodu braku świadomości. To pilotażowe badanie sprawdza, jak dużo świeżo upieczeni projektanci mody wiedzą o zrównoważonych tekstyliach i modzie, ponieważ to projektanci mody przewodzą branży modowej. W pracy zastosowano jakościową metodę badawczą, a do zebrania danych zastosowano dyskusję w grupach fokusowych. W badaniu wzięło udział dwudziestu czterech świeżo upieczonych projektantów mody z Chin, Indii, Bangladeszu i Pakistanu. Dyskusje w grupach fokusowych przeprowadzono w Szanghaju w Chinach. Tematy zostały podzielone na trzy kategorie: (a) fast fashion, recykling i upcykling, (b) moda „zero waste” oraz (c) włókna przyjazne dla środowiska. Wyniki pokazały, że uczestnicy dobrze znali techniki, takie jak: ilustracja mody, tworzenie wzorów i drapowanie, ale byli stosunkowo mało poinformowani o zrównoważonej modzie. Znali termin „zrównoważona moda”, ale byli całkowicie nieświadomi szczegółów i ich odpowiedzialności za zrównoważony rozwój. W artykule przedstawiono sugestie rozwiązania tego ważnego problemu.

13

Is China's Textile Industry Still a Labour-Intensive Industry?

Zhang Jianlei, He Lin, Cheng Longdi

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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Vol. 29, no. 1 (145)

13--16

EN

Is China's textile industry (CTI) still a laboor-intensive one? To answer this question, this study measures the capital-labour intensity and technology intensity of CTI and its subsectors during 2006-2018, then applies factor intensity classification and cluster analysis to identify their industrial attributes. The results show that CTI and its sub-sectors are still the labour- and non-technology-intensive. All the indexes of capital-labour intensity and technology intensity of CTI and its sub-sectors are below 100, lower than the average of industry sectors, indicating that they are not separate from the category of labour-intensive industry and still heavily dependent on labour. And cluster analysis verifies the industrial classification results. So CTI still needs to keep on increasing its capital intensity and technology intensity to achieve the goal of industrial transformation and upgrading in the future.

PL

Czy chiński przemysł tekstylny nadal wymaga dużego nakładu pracy? Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie zbadano kapitałochłonność i intensywność technologiczną chińskiego przemysłu tekstylnego i jego podsektorów w latach 2006-2018, a następnie zastosowano klasyfikację intensywności czynników i analizę skupień w celu określenia ich atrybutów przemysłowych. Wyniki pokazały, że chiński przemysł tekstylny i jego podsektory nadal są pracochłonne i nie wymagają dużej ilości technologii. Wszystkie wskaźniki kapitałochłonności i technologiczno-pracochłonności chińskiego przemysłu tekstylnego i jego podsektorów kształtują się poniżej 100, czyli są niższe od średniej dla sektorów przemysłu, co wskazuje, że nie są one oddzielone od kategorii przemysłu pracochłonnego. Analiza skupień weryfikuje wyniki klasyfikacji przemysłowej. Chiński przemysł tekstylny nadal musi zwiększać swoją kapitałochłonność i intensywność technologii, aby osiągnąć cel, jakim jest transformacja przemysłowa i modernizacja w przyszłości.

14

Going Green and Socially Responsible – Textile Industry in Transition to Sustainability and a Circular Economy

Warwas Izabela, Podgórniak-Krzykacz Aldona, Przywojska Justyna, Kozar Łukasz

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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Vol. 29, no. 3 (147)

8--18

EN

The textile industry is faced with many problems today. In addition to having to meet customers' changing preferences and expectations, who wish to stay abreast of fashion trends and stand out from the crowd, it also needs to make efforts to change its image of one the biggest polluters in the world it has earned due to production processes consuming large amounts of resources that end up as piles of household waste. The circular economy (CE) model to reduce the environmental footprint seems to be the right solution for textile companies implementing sustainable development strategies. This paper discusses the principles of the CE model and makes an attempt at explaining how textile companies transition to it. It is based on the analysis of 34 textile companies sampled from among the members of the European Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform, which was conducted using a special analytical checklist compiled from the ReSOLVE and BECE frameworks. Because of the proportions and degree of integration between strategic and operational practices they used to achieve circularity, they were divided into integrated, hybrid, and selective organisations.

PL

Branża tekstylna boryka się obecnie z wieloma problemami. Oprócz konieczności spełniania zmieniających się preferencji i oczekiwań klientów, którzy chcą podążać za modą i wyróżniać się z tłumu, musi także wziąć pod rozwagę swój status jako podmiotu zanieczyszczającego środowisko. Nie tylko bowiem procesy produkcyjne pochłaniają duże ilości zasobów naturalnych, ale produkty tej branży zamieniają się w ogromne ilości odpadów w gospodarstwach domowych. Model gospodarki o obiegu zmkniętym (GOZ), który ogranicza ślad środowiskowy przemysłu, wydaje się być właściwą drogą dla firm tekstylnych do realizacji strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju. Autorzy artykułu przedstawili zasady koncepcji gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym i analizują działania podejmowane przez firmy tekstylne w celu dostosowania swoich modeli biznesowych do ram GOZ. Korzystając z ram ReSOLVE Fundacji Ellen MacArthur, autorzy zaprojektowali model teoretyczny objaśniający, w jaki sposób firmy tekstylne przechodzą na paradygmat gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym. Analizie poddano 34 przedsiębiorstw tekstylnych umieszczonych na platformie European Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform.

15

Textile industry : issues of managing the growth of innovative activity in enterprises

Pazilov Galimzhan A., Ivashchenko Natalia P., Bimendiyeva Laila A., Aitymbetova Ainura N.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2020

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Vol. 21, No. 1

297--315

EN

The article analyzes the textile industry of Kazakhstan, considers its main problems and gives the main ways to increase the competitiveness of the industry by increasing the innovative activity of textile enterprises. During the research, the following problems were identified: having various opportunities for the development of the textile industry in Kazakhstan, most of the raw materials necessary for textile products are exported without processing; low coverage of textile products in the domestic market, ensuring the studied requirements mainly due to the import of textile products; low competitiveness of textile enterprises, etc. Kazakhstan is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), therefore, indicators of textile production in these countries were considered for comparison. This study discusses the RCA index of textiles for the EAEU member countries. Today, the EAEU includes five member states: Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic. The purpose of this work is to analyze the textile industry status in Kazakhstan and provide ways to increase the innovative activity of textile enterprises. The article considers: (a) the status and key problems of the textile industry in Kazakhstan, (b) the innovative activity of enterprises in Kazakhstan, (c) ways to increase the innovative activity of textile enterprises in Kazakhstan. The article presents methods for increasing the innovative activity of textile enterprises. These are: (a) transition to the production of competitive innovative textile products from domestic textile raw materials, (b) increase in the share of export-oriented products, (c) introduction of new equipment and new production methods by attracting foreign direct investment in the industry, (d) filling the deficit of specialists by attracting specialists from abroad. The implementation of these methods can have a positive impact on the development of the textile industry in Kazakhstan.

PL

Artykuł analizuje przemysł tekstylny Kazachstanu, rozważa jego główne problemy i podaje główne sposoby na zwiększenie konkurencyjności przemysłu poprzez zwiększenie innowacyjnej działalności przedsiębiorstw tekstylnych. W trakcie badań zidentyfikowano następujące problemy: posiadające różne możliwości rozwoju w przemyśle tekstylnym w Kazachstanie większość surowców niezbędnych do produkcji wyrobów włókienniczych jest wywożona bez przetwarzania; niskie pokrycie wyrobów włókienniczych na rynku krajowym, zapewniając badane wymagania głównie ze względu na import wyrobów włókienniczych; niska konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstw tekstylnych itp. Kazachstan jest członkiem Eurazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej (EAEU), w związku z czym wzięto pod uwagę wskaźniki produkcji tekstylnej w tych krajach. W tym badaniu omówiono wskaźnik RCA tekstyliów dla krajów członkowskich EAEU. Dziś EAEU obejmuje pięć państw członkowskich: Białoruś, Kazachstan, Federację Rosyjską, Armenię i Republikę Kirgiską. Celem tej pracy jest analiza statusu przemysłu tekstylnego w Kazachstanie i zapewnienie sposobów na zwiększenie innowacyjnej działalności przedsiębiorstw tekstylnych. Artykuł rozważa: (a) status i kluczowe problemy przemysłu włókienniczego w Kazachstanie, (b) działalność innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw w Kazachstanie, (c) sposoby zwiększenia działalności innowacyjnej przedsiębiorstw tekstylnych w Kazachstanie. W artykule przedstawiono metody zwiększenia innowacyjnej działalności przedsiębiorstw tekstylnych. Są to: (a) przejście do produkcji konkurencyjnych innowacyjnych wyrobów włókienniczych z krajowych surowców tekstylnych, (b) wzrost udziału produktów zorientowanych na eksport, (c) wprowadzenie nowego sprzętu i nowych metod produkcji poprzez przyciągnięcie bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w branży, (d) wypełnienie deficytu specjalistów poprzez przyciągnięcie specjalistów z zagranicy. Wdrożenie tych metod może mieć pozytywny wpływ na rozwój przemysłu tekstylnego w Kazachstanie.

16

Impact of Textile Industry Restructuring on the Financial Condition of Local Government Units for the Example of the Łódź Region in Poland

Hajdys Dagmara, Jabłońska Małgorzata, Ślebocka Magdalena

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2020

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Vol. 28, no. 5 (143)

8--19

EN

Technical, technological, IT and organisational progress is most evident in industry. In a situation where innovations are accompanied by structural and political changes, it is all about restructuring. In Poland, restructuring processes occurred most frequently in the 1990s. Currently, the phenomenon still occurs, but on a much smaller scale, with the transformations concerning generic, personnel and processes structures. The textile industry is still significant and is a hallmark of the Łódź region in Poland. The recent past has shown that companies from the textile industry, although very fragmented, remain on the market and are doing well in the new economic system. The purpose of the study is to assess the financial condition of municipalities and cities with district rights in the context of the restructuring activities of the textile sector, with particular emphasis on local government units of the Łódź region in the years 2007-2017. The work consists of three parts. In the first, the authors include theoretical premises for the restructuring of enterprises. The second part contains research hypotheses which have been empirically verified with an econometric model developed in the last part of the work. The purpose of the econometric model is to describe the relationship between the self-financing indicator and the explanatory variables, which largely describe the financial condition of enterprises in the textile sector in Poland over the period between 2007 and 2017. The results of the research conducted allow to conclude that the financial condition of communes and cities with district rights is diverse, and is affected by factors related to the location, type and level of development of local government units. In addition, the restructuring which took place in industry, in particular the textile industry, had a positive impact on the financial condition of local governments, in particular on their level of self-financing.

PL

Celem artykułu była identyfikacja uwarunkowań kondycji finansowej, ocena jej zróżnicowania oraz wskazanie determinant wpływających na jej poziom w gminach i miastach na prawach powiatu w kontekście działań restrukturyzacyjnych sektora tekstylnego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem JST aglomeracji łódzkiej w latach 2007-2017. Praca składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej z nich autorki zawarły teoretyczne przesłanki restrukturyzacji przedsiębiorstw. W drugiej części zawarto hipotezy badawcze, które w ostatniej części pracy zostały empirycznie zweryfikowane poprzez opracowanie modelu ekonometrycznego. Celem skonstruowanego modelu ekonometrycznego jest opisanie zależności między wskaźnikiem samofinansowania, a zmiennymi objaśniającymi, które w dużej mierze opisują kondycje finansową przedsiębiorstw sektora włókienniczego w Polsce na przestrzeni lat 2007-2017. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pozwoliły na stwierdzenie, iż kondycja finansowa gmin i miast na prawach powiatu jest zróżnicowana, a wpływ na to wywierają czynniki związane z położeniem, typem oraz poziomem rozwoju JST. Ponadto restrukturyzacja, która miała miejsce w przemyśle, w szczególności przemyśle włókienniczym wywarła pozytywny wpływ na kondycję finansową samorządów, a w szczególności na jej poziom samofinansowania.

17

Bridging the Effect of the Knowledge Spillover and Innovation Performance of Textile Companies: Evidence from Indonesia

Djulius Horas, Gyu Choi Won, Juanim Juanim, Ratnamiasih Ina, Santy Raeni Dwi

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2020

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Vol. 28, no. 5 (143)

20--26

EN

Most studies on knowledge spillover hypothesis testing are limited to its occurrence and impact on improving the productivity or performance of the recipient companies. In this study a model is constructed of how to use knowledge spillovers from the provider to the beneficiary company, in the context of the textile industry in Indonesia. The model suggests that the knowledge obtained from the buyer may increase the innovation of domestic enterprise suppliers. The model also represents the possibility of knowledge spillover from labour turnover and the imitation process. A survey was carried out to measure the variables of the study conducted by distributing questionnaires to the marketing manager, human resource manager and operations manager of textile companies. The structural equation model was used to test the hypothesis. The results state that a company with better knowledge management can take advantage of knowledge spillover to produce innovative products that are more accepted by the market.

PL

Większość badań dotyczących testowania hipotezy rozprzestrzeniania wiedzy ogranicza się do jej wystąpienia i wpływu na poprawę produktywności lub wyników przedsiębiorstw-odbiorców. W artykule przedstawiono model wykorzystania transferu wiedzy od dostawcy do firmy beneficjenta w kontekście przemysłu tekstylnego w Indonezji. Model opisuje wiedzę pozyskaną od kupującego, może zwiększyć innowacyjność dostawców krajowych przedsiębiorstw. Model reprezentuje również możliwość przenoszenia wiedzy z rotacji pracowników i procesu naśladowania. Przeprowadzono ankietę wśród kierowników marketingu, zasobów ludzkich i operacyjnych firm tekstylnych. Do przetestowania hipotezy wykorzystano model równań strukturalnych. Stwierdzono, że firma posiadająca lepsze zarządzanie wiedzą poprzez wykorzystanie transferu wiedzy może wytwarzać innowacyjnych produkty, które są bardziej akceptowane przez rynek.

18

A System for Personalized Clothing Production as a Model for Supporting the Competitiveness of SMEs on the Example of Lodz Province

Kędzia Katarzyna, Dziuba Radosław

Autex Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 20, no. 1

93--99

EN

Poland’s accession to the European Union has given many opportunities both in terms of access to the EU economy and European funds. Owing to the set sustainable development goals, the business sphere faces the challenge of their implementation through, among others, activities in the area of social and human capital, and environmental protection. It is important to model solutions that enable sustainable production and consumption. The introduction of innovative product and process technologies may contribute to increasing the competitiveness of SMEs in the Textile and Clothing sector, which in consequence should also contribute to the implementation of objectives of the Regional Smart Specializations for Lodz Province. An example of such solutions is the system for personalized production of clothes presented in the article. The aim of the article is to determine the current situation of the Polish clothing industry in trade with the European Union by analyzing comparative advantages for CN 61 and 62 (related to the clothing industry) and presenting the level of innovation of Lodz Province against the background of Poland as a region specializing in the production of clothing under the adopted Regional Smart Specializations for Lodz Province. It is assumed that the presented system for the personalized production of clothing may affect the competitiveness of this industry and the region.

19

Economic Valuation and Effectiveness of Utilizing Electrocoagulation System in Reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand of Textile Industry Wastewater

Fikri Elanda, Sintawati Nita, Ruhmawati Tati

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 8

35--43

EN

Industrial activities vary greatly. The textile industry processes produce solid and liquid waste. The liquid waste comes from the process of reviewing threads, removing lubricants from synthetic fibers before weaving, and from the dyeing process. The purpose of this research is to determine the economic valuation and effectiveness of utilizing an electrocoagulation system in reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the textile industry wastewater. This research is a kind of an experimental study involving the pretest and posttest without control design. The research strategy consisted in 9 volt voltage and 5A electric current density with a 3 cm electrode plate distance. The container used in electrocoagulation process was made of plastic with the dimensions of 48.5×27.5×31 cm. The sampling technique was grab sampling with 3 treatments and 6 repetitions. The sample size was 45 liters. The results of this research indicate that the electrocoagulation method can reduce the level of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the textile production wastewater. The COD level before treatment was 221.5 mg/l, after electrocoagulation with 8 electrode plates dropped to 23.0–41.0 mg/l (85.26% decrease). The economic effectiveness and efficiency of the use of electrocoagulation compared to using conventional method in reducing COD level is only Rp 47.59/liter, while the conventional method reaches Rp 117.089/liter.

20

Prediction of Developments in the Textile and Clothing Industry in Slovakia by Selected Indicators of Financial Analysis

Csikósová Adriana, Janošková Mária, Čulková KatarÍna

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2019

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Vol. 27, no. 4 (136)

9--16

EN

The textile and clothing industry in Europe can be considered as a not profitable sector. The goal of the contribution is an evaluation of selected indicators of financial analysis, credit score and bankruptcy models as well as strategic analysis in selected companies of the textile and clothing industry in Slovakia. The next goal is an outline of development possibilities of the sector in the future. During the research we used data from the five most important companies doing business in the textile and clothing industry in Slovakia. The data obtained were processed by the bonity and Altman index, providing the possibility to determine possible future development in the industry. The results show a decrease in the number of textile and clothing companies in Slovakia. Such results can be used for the setting of scenarios of development, which show that the Slovakian textile, clothing and leather industry should multiply its effort to maintain its position on the international markets.

PL

Przemysł tekstylny i odzieżowy w Europie można uznać za sektor nierentowny. Celem pracy była ocena wybranych wskaźników analizy finansowej, modeli oceny kredytowej i upadłości oraz analizy strategicznej w wybranych spółkach przemysłu tekstylnego i odzieżowego na Słowacji. Kolejnym celem było określenie zarysu możliwości rozwoju tego sektora w przyszłości. Podczas badań wykorzystano dane z pięciu najważniejszych firm działających w branży tekstylnej i odzieżowej na Słowacji. Uzyskane dane zostały przetworzone przez indeks bonity i wskaźnik Altmana, zapewniając możliwość określenia możliwego przyszłego rozwoju w branży. Wyniki pokazują spadek liczby firm włókienniczych i odzieżowych na terenie Słowacji. Takie wyniki mogą być wykorzystane do ustalenia scenariuszy rozwoju, które pokazują, że słowacki przemysł włókienniczy, odzieżowy i skórzany powinien zwielokrotnić swoje wysiłki w celu utrzymania swojej pozycji na rynkach międzynarodowych.