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1

Metody wyznaczania wag kryteriów w analizie wielokryterialnej

Krzemiński Michał

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2026

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R. 97, nr 1

88--91

PL

Artykuł omawia znaczenie analizy wielokryterialnej w procesie budowlanym oraz metody wyznaczania wag kryteriów decyzyjnych. Skupiono się zarówno na metodach subiektywnych (opartych na preferencjach ekspertów), takich jak AHP, SWING, SMART czy Simos, jak i metodach obiektywnych, opartych na danych, takich jak metoda entropii, metoda odchylenia standardowego oraz metoda CRITIC. Przedstawiono szczegółowy opis działania każdej z tych metod oraz ich zastosowanie na przykładzie doboru materiału na ściany międzymieszkaniowe w budownictwie wielorodzinnym. Analiza wykazała, że różne podejścia do wyznaczania wag mogą znacząco wpływać na wyniki oceny wielokryterialnej, dlatego ich wybór powinien być przemyślany i adekwatny do specyfiki podejmowanej decyzji.

EN

The article discusses the importance of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in construction processes and presents methods for determining the weights of decision criteria. Both subjective methods (based on expert judgment) such as AHP, SWING, SMART, and Simos, and objective data-driven methods such as the Entropy Method, Standard Deviation Method, and CRITIC are analyzed. Each method is described in detail and applied to a case study involving the selection of materials for partition walls in multi-family residential buildings. The analysis demonstrates that different weighting approaches can significantly affect MCDA outcomes, highlighting the need for careful selection of the weighting method appropriate to the decision context.

2

Multicriteria analysis of quality of life - the case of Polish voivodeships

Szterlik-Grzybek Paulina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2025

|

z. 218

637--651

EN

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze Polish voivodeships in terms of quality of life (QoL) in 2022 and determine the criteria that can be chosen to check the QoL of Polish citizens. The study shows the usefulness of using the multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods to create the final ranking. These kinds of analyses can be crucial for assessing the well-being of residents of given areas. They can serve as guidelines for policymakers on how to shape regional policies. MCDM methods can be seen as valuable tools for such purposes. Design/methodology/approach: A set of nine criteria affecting the quality of life of Polish citizens in 2022 was chosen. The data was obtained from the Statistics Poland database. The ranking was prepared using the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations II (PROMETHEE II). Criteria weights were determined by Shannon’s entropy method and equal weight method. Findings: The study shows that considering the chosen criteria and their weights determined with Shannon’s entropy method, in 2022, QoL was the highest in the Mazowieckie and Wielkopolskie voivodeships, while the lowest in Lubelskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeships. The research results can also lead to the assumption that geographical location significantly impacts the residents' QoL. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the study was the selection of appropriate criteria that affect QoL in Poland post-COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent ranking results are subjective due to the high dependence on criteria. The rank is also sensitive to changes in the weights of individual criteria. Practical implications: The results of the study allow us to demonstrate the diversity of Polish voivodeships in terms of the QoL of Polish citizens. At the same time, the analysis of the criteria allowed for capturing the state of well-being of the population, considering the maximization of some criteria while, at the same time, minimization of others. Social implications: The paper aims to highlight the importance of using MCDM methods and tools to observe the level of quality of life on the NUTS-2 level. Originality/value: The paper shows an up-to-date approach to the problem of the multicriteria assessment of QoL in Poland on a regional level.

3

Method for choice of industrial hall walls variants optimization

Mielcarz Maciej, Nowak Paweł

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2025

|

Vol. 71, nr 1

559--576

EN

The current trends in the construction market require developing and completing building projects with balanced costs and the shortest execution time, while maintaining a high quality of works and properties of completed objects. Achieving this goal is difficult, however with the development of new technologies and management techniques, a sustainable project is possible to achieve. The authors’ goal was to find a technological solution which would efficiently meet the imposed requirements for optimizing the technology and organization project of the hall. Three technologies were analysed using the multi – criteria analysis based on the 6 aspects – all important from the sustainability point view. Choice and proper check of the criteria for sustainable decision making is crucial, as criteria are usually described by experts in not fully objective and mathematical way. Chosen elements of the Value Engineering (VE) practices were discussed and used. In order to evaluate each construction variant the weight of every criteria was determined using the Simos method and the variants’ data was normalized. The practicality of every construction variant as a sustainable solution was established through two evaluation methods – the entropy and the ideal point method. The results of this research prove that project managers can successfully achieve sustainable projects through the described optimization process. Similarly, this type of analysis can also be beneficial in other fields, such as mechanical engineering, finance, transportation, agriculture etc.

PL

Obecne trendy na rynku budowlanym wymagają opracowania i realizacji projektów budowlanych o zrównoważonych kosztach i jak najkrótszym czasie realizacji, przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu wysokiej jakości robót i właściwości realizowanych obiektów. Osiągnięcie tego celu jest trudne, jednak wraz z rozwojem nowych technologii i technik zarządzania możliwe jest osiągnięcie zrównoważonego projektu. Celem autorów było znalezienie rozwiązania technologicznego, które skutecznie spełniłoby narzucone wymagania dotyczące optymalizacji projektu technologiczno-organizacyjnego hali. Trzy technologie zostały przeanalizowane za pomocą analizy wielokryterialnej opartej na 6 kryteriach – wszystkich ważnych z punktu widzenia zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wybór i właściwe sprawdzenie kryteriów zrównoważonego podejmowania decyzji jest kluczowe, gdyż kryteria są zwykle opisywane przez ekspertów w sposób nie do końca obiektywny i matematyczny. Omówiono i wykorzystano wybrane elementy praktyk Inżynierii Wartości. W celu oceny każdego wariantu konstrukcji wyznaczono wagę każdego kryterium metodą Simosa i znormalizowano dane wariantów. Praktyczność każdego wariantu konstrukcji jako rozwiązania zrównoważonego została ustalona za pomocą dwóch metod oceny – metody entropii i metody punktu idealnego. Wyniki tych badań dowodzą, że kierownicy projektów mogą z sukcesem realizować zrównoważone projekty poprzez opisany proces optymalizacji. Podobnie tego typu analizy mogą być również korzystne w innych dziedzinach, takich jak inżynieria mechaniczna, finanse, transport, rolnictwo itp.

4

Generation of entropy for MHD flow of Casson fluid past a vertical cone with Dufour effect

Phukan Parismita, Deka Hiren, Haloi Puja, Hazarika Gopal Chandra

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 29, no. 3

101--117

EN

The purpose of this study is to examine the entropy generation for a Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a Casson fluid subject to a vertical cone. Here the impact of reaction by chemical and diffusion-thermo is scrutinized. Physical aspects of radiative flux transverse to the surface are deliberated. The governing non-linear PDEs and the expression for entropy generation are non-dimensionalized with the help of dimensionless quantities. Finite difference technique is implemented to get numerical and graphical results for the non-linear system. Bejan number for the heat transfer is also examined. The results obtained shows that entropy generation and Bejan number are strongly influence by the embedded flow parameters.

5

Symbiotic design and numerical methods of industrial architecture and urban landscape in the context of sustainable development

Zu Beibei, Cao Wen, Fan Haixia

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2024

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Vol. 70, nr 4

11--28

EN

The status quo of low sustainability of urban landscape symbiosis design programme and low referability of the corresponding comprehensive evaluation method, the study will take the environmental and ecological value as the symbiosis goal to design the urban landscape. The study constructs a comprehensive evaluation model of industrial heritage urban landscape ecology, researches each index affecting landscape ecology, and determines the weight of each influence index by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The maximum influence factors of the four criteria layers of emotion, culture, material and ecology are pleasure, obvious cultural symbols, appropriate scale and microclimate regulation, and the corresponding values are 0.313, 0.404, 0.315 and 0.495, respectively. Compared with that before the introduction of the self-organised neural network fusion K-Means clustering algorithm, the ecological evaluation scores of the urban landscape of the industrial heritage are much closer to the real situation, and the overall error is much higher. The ecological evaluation model of industrial heritage buildings is closer to the real situation, and the overall error fluctuation is 0.012-0.020. The precision-recall curve of the comprehensive evaluation model of industrial heritage buildings is more advantageous than that of other comprehensive evaluation models. The results of the study provide a scientific reference basis for the design of the external landscape environment of industrial heritage buildings, and provide a strong scientific support for the ecological symbiosis between old industrial buildings and the environment under the concept of sustainability.

6

Characterization of NbTiCrFeMoX high entropy coating processed by laser cladding in pipeline: investigation of microstructural, tensile, creep, wear, and corrosion properties

Chen Lin, Zhao Ying, Zhou YuanHua

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2024

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Vol. 24, no. 4

art. 203, 1--16

EN

Refractory High entropy alloy (RHEA) is a potential material for coating gas turbine blades and pipeline due to its high temperature mechanical and chemical properties. In this paper, a series of new NbTiCrFeMoX (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) RHEAs were coated on GTD-111 nickel base superalloy by the laser cladding method. The effects of the Mo amount on the microstructure and tensile, creep, corrosion, and wear properties were investigated. XRD results showed that the microstructure of all five coatings included the B2 regular phase, the BCC irregular phase, C14-Laves (FeTi2), and C15-Laves (Cr2Nb). However, with the increase of Mo from 0.2 to 1, the amount of the BCC phase increased from 24.1 to 29.5%, the C14 phase increased from 55.1 to 61.4%, and the amount of the C15 phase decreased from 11.2 to 1.8%. The yield strength increased by increasing the volume fraction of BCC and C14-Laves phases from 328 MPa for the Mo0.2 sample to 685 MPa for the Mo1 specimen. The same factor increased the creep life of RHEA from 43 to 54 h under a force of 450 N and temperature of 800°C by increasing the places of dislocation locking. The simultaneous presence of the BCC solid solution and Laves phase was one of the factors that reduced the coefficient of friction during the wear test from 0.63 to 0.44 with increasing Mo. Electrochemical tests in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution showed that the RHEAs showed significant corrosion resistance. Specimen Mo1 with the smallest Icorr (1.6103. 10–6 A cm2) and the highest Ecorr (−1.2025 V) showed the best corrosion resistance.

7

Development of PROMETHEE-Entropy data mining model for groundwater potentiality modeling: a case study of multifaceted geologic settings in south-western Nigeria

Mogaji Kehinde Anthony, Atenidegbe Olanrewaju Fred

Acta Geophysica

|

2024

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Vol. 72, no. 3

1957--1984

EN

This work looks at developing an object-driven decision support system (DSS) model with the goal of improving the prediction accuracy of the present expert-driven DSS model in assessing groundwater potentiality. The database of remote sensing, geological, and geophysical information was constructed using the technological efficiency of GIS, data mining, and programming tools. Groundwater potential conditioning factors (GPCF) extracted from the datasets include lithology (Li), hydraulic conductivity (K), lineament density (Ld), transmissivity (T), and transverse resistance (TR) for groundwater potentiality mapping in a typical hard rock multifaceted geologic setting in south-western Nigeria. A Python-based entropy approach was used to objectively weight these factors. The weightage findings determined that the greatest and lowest given values for Ld and K were 0.6 and 0.03, respectively. The produced Python-based PROMETHEE-Entropy model algorithm was born through combining the weight findings with the Python-based PROMETHEE-II method. The groundwater potentiality model (GPM) map of the area was created using the model algorithm's outputs on the gridded raster of GPCF themes. Based on the suggested approach, the validated results of the created GPM maps using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve technique yielded an accuracy of 86%. An object-driven DSS model was created using the approaches that were used. The created object-driven model is a viable alternative to existing approaches in groundwater hydrology and aids in the automation of groundwater resource management in the research region.

8

O siłach napędowych w przyrodzie : koncepcje, interpretacje, nieporozumienia

Orlik Marek

Wiadomości Chemiczne

|

2023

|

[Z] 77, 1-2

1--34

EN

Prepared for presentation within the Didactic Section of Polish Chemical Society, the study summarizes selected problems and concepts of teaching the basics of chemical reaction energetics as part of chemical undergraduate studies. The following problems are discussed: 1) indication of misunderstandings related to the definition of standard states in thermodynamics, with particular emphasis on the unfortunate assignment of the temperature of 298.15 K as "standard temperature", 2) problems with the interpretation of entropy as a "measure of disorder", with a recommendation regarding for understanding entropy as a measure of the number of ways to distribute the total energy of the system between the available degrees of freedom of motions, in terms of the quantum representation, i.e. the energy characteristics of a substance through sequences of energy levels, 3) a proposal to introduce the issue of thermodynamic driving forces of a chemical reaction based on the characteristics of the water evaporation process under different conditions, which favors the distinction of any reaction driving force from its standard driving force, as well as the distinction of such forces for isochoric and isobaric systems, both one- and multi-component, (4) the necessity to take into account the entropy of mixing of reagents to deepen the understanding of changes in the driving force of the reaction on the way to the state of chemical equilibrium, and 5) various interpretations of the influence of temperature on the equilibrium composition of the reacting system (Le Chatelier-Braun rule), with a recommendation for molecular interpretation, showing the role of differences in energies and sequences of energy levels of reactants and products for the value and direction of changes of the equilibrium constants of the reaction with temperature, taking into account also the principles of statistical thermodynamics. An additional aim of the article is to emphasize the importance of elementary mathematical education for mastering the basic laws governing the course of physicochemical processes, as well as for true understanding of chemistry, in general.

9

Patient specific channel optimization using entropy and CNN deep learning for epileptic seizure prediction

Cherouati Brahim, Senouci Mohamed

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2023

|

R. 99, nr 7

106--110

EN

Predicting epileptic seizures in advance improves greatly the life of epileptic patients. In this paper we present a new approach based on patient specific channel optimization using four different features namely entropy, variance, kurtosis and skewness. After selecting three best channels for each method, we then use Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify raw EEG signal in order to discriminate between interictal and preictal state. With entropy, our method achieves a good degree of prediction in terms of accuracy 97.09%, sensitivity 97.67% and specificity 96.51% for patient 01 using channels 4, 8 and 20.

PL

Przewidywanie napadów padaczkowych z wyprzedzeniem znacznie poprawia życie chorych na padaczkę. W tym artykule prezentujemy nowe podejście oparte na optymalizacji kanałów specyficznych dla pacjenta przy użyciu czterech różnych metod, a mianowicie entropii, wariancji, kurtozy i skośności. Po wybraniu trzech najlepszych kanałów dla każdej z metod, wykorzystujemy Neuronową Sieć Konwolucyjną (CNN) do klasyfikacji surowego sygnału EEG w celu rozróżnienia pomiędzy stanem międzynapadowym i przednapadowym. Dzięki entropii nasza metoda osiąga dobry stopień predykcji w zakresie dokładności 97,09%, czułości 97,67% i specyficzności 96,51% dla pacjenta 01 przy użyciu kanałów 4, 8 i 20.

10

Mikrofalowy generator losowych ciągów binarnych – konstrukcja, oprogramowanie i dowód bezpieczeństwa

Leśniewicz Marek, Komorowski Piotr, Zabłocki Janusz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

|

R. 99, nr 5

68--76

PL

W artykule przedstawiono opis elektronicznych i programistycznych rozwiązań sprzętowego, mikrofalowego generatora losowych ciągów binarnych o przepływności wyjściowej 1 Gbit/s. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono problemom programowej obsługi procesów przetwarzania ciągów o tak dużej przepływności. Opisano autorską metodę pomiarów i weryfikacji entropii generowanych ciągów oraz przedstawiono warunkowy, kryptograficzny dowód ich bezpieczeństwa.

EN

The article presents a description of electronic and programming solutions for a hardware, microwave random binary sequences generator with an output bit rate of 1 Gbps. Particular attention was paid to the problems of programmatic handling of string processing processes with such a high throughput. Have been described the method of measuring and verifying the entropy of the generated strings and presents a conditional, cryptographic proof of their security.

11

Analiza możliwości sprzętowej generacji losowych ciągów binarnych z przepływnością 1 Gbit/s

Leśniewicz Marek, Komorowski Piotr, Zabłocki Janusz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2023

|

R. 99, nr 4

207--215

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę możliwości sprzętowej generacji doskonale losowych ciągów binarnych z przepływnością 1 Gbit/s, wykorzystującą układy i sygnały mikrofalowe. W analizie użyto powszechnie znanych modeli generacji ciągów losowych, jednak z wykorzystaniem niestosowanych dotąd w tym celu technologii, w tym zastosowania do kreacji ciągów układów programowalnych FPGA. Analizy udokumentowano wynikami pomiarów rzeczywistych układów i sygnałów w funkcji czasu i częstotliwości za pomocą oscyloskopu i analizatora widma w paśmie 2 GHz.

EN

The article presents an analysis of the hardware capabilities of generating truly random binary strings with a bit rate of 1 Gbps, using microwave circuits and signals. The analysis uses commonly known models of random sequence generation, but with the use of technologies that have not been used for this purpose so far, including the use of FPGA programmable circuits for the creation of sequences. The analyzes were documented with the results of measurements of real systems and signals as a function of time and frequency using an oscilloscope and a spectrum analyzer in the 2 GHz band.

12

Approach to Entropy and Co-Entropy in Measurable and Probability Spaces (Invited Lecture — Extended Abstract)

Cattaneo Gianpiero

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

|

2023

|

Vol. 35

63--64

EN

In this talk, we discuss an abstract approach to entropy in countable measurable and induced probability spaces. We consider applications and interpretations of this approach in the context of Rough Set Theory, Fuzzy Set Algebras, as well as Conservative Classical Logics and Quantum Computing. The talk consists of three parts. The first part considers entropy as associated with measure distributions understood as sequences of non-negative values. The second part does the same for partitions. Finally, the third part refers to the aforementioned applications.

13

Determining the logistics market performance of developing countries by entropy and MABAC methods

Kara Karahan, Bentyn Zbigniew, Yalçın Galip Cihan

LogForum

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2022

|

Vol. 18, no. 4

421--434

EN

Background: The levels of logistics market performance of developing countries are published with Agility Emerging Markets Logistics Index (AEMLI) reports. The main purpose of this research is to propose a new model to determine the logistics market performance of developing countries in 2022 and to reorder the developing countries according to their logistics market performance. Methods: AEMLI indicators have been accepted as the basic criteria for determining the logistics market performance. The importance levels of these criteria have been determined by the Entropy technique. The logistics market performance rankings of developing countries according to the criteria were determined using the Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC) technique. The data set of 50 developing countries included in the 2022 AEMLI report has been used in the investigation. Results: According to the proposed new model, the weights of the criteria and logistics market performance rankings of developing countries have been determined. The importance levels of the criteria have been determined as Business Fundamentals (BF), Digital Readiness (DR), International Logistics Opportunities (ILO), and Domestic Logistics Opportunities (DLO), respectively. The ranking based on the new model was compared with the rankings in the 2022 AEMLI report. 21 of the 50 developing countries have improved their rankings. The ranking of 20 countries has been dropped. There is no change in the ranking of 9 countries. Additionally, according to AEMLI, the country with the highest logistics market performance is China, while the country with the best logistics market performance according to the proposed model is the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Conclusions: Contrary to the literature, Entropy and MABAC techniques were used to rank the logistics market performances of developing countries by making use of AEMLI reports. The issues that countries should focus on in the development of their logistics market performance are shown.

14

Analysis and prediction of the impact of technological parameters on cutting force components in rough milling of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Kulisz M., Zagórski I., Weremczuk A., Rusinek R., Korpysa J.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 22, no. 1

art. no. e1, 2022

EN

This paper presents the results of experimental study of the AZ31 magnesium alloy milling process. Dry milling was carried out under high-speed machining conditions. First, a stability lobe diagram was determined using CutPro software. Next, experimental studies were carried out to verify the stability lobe diagram. The tests were carried out for different feed per tooth and cutting speed values using two types of tools. During the experimental investigations, cutting forces in three directions were recorded. The obtained time series were subjected to general analysis and analysis using composite multiscale entropy. Modelling and prediction were performed using Statistica Neural Network software, in which two types of neural networks were applied: multi-layered perceptron and radial basis function. It was observed that milling with high cutting speed values allows for component values of cutting force to be lowered as a result of the transition into the high-speed machining conditions range. In most cases, the highest values for the analysed parameters were recorded for the component Fx, whereas the lowest were recorded for Fy. Additionally, the paper shows that a prediction (with the use of artificial neural networks) of the components of cutting force can be made, both for the amplitudes of components of cutting force Famp and for root mean square Frms.

15

Probability of an Intermediate (Reduced Operational) State

Szczepański Paweł

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

|

2021

|

Vol. 12, Nr 3 (45)

71--96

EN

This work examines with the form of the well-known sum: p + q = 1 - which is the sum of the probabilities of opposite events, in particular: the sum of the probabilities of the operational and non-operational (failure) states of a single element (a creation characterised by one output and any number of inputs). It was found that without significantly compromising the accuracy of the previous analyses, it was possible to introduce an additional component to the sum: ͥ ͥ ͥ pq3, a component that embodies the probability of an intermediate state, or a reduced operational state. With a constant value of the sum of the components in question, their variation as a function of probability q was determined, following which in the function of the same variable the variation of the entropy of an element's i state was examined using Chapman-Kolmogorov equations; here the focus was on investigating the intensity of the transition from the operational state to the non-operational state or an intermediate state, and from an intermediate state to the non-operational state. The meaning of intermediate probability was also referenced to the object: its diagnostic program, the entropy of structure, the full set of discriminable states, and the relevant transition intensities. It became indispensable in this respect to describe the object using the language of graph theory, in which the basic concepts are layers and an availability matrix. It should be noted that the subject object is an entity that comprises a set of individual elements, with a number and structure of connections that are consistent with the purpose of this entity.

PL

W pracy zaingerowano w postać powszechnie znanej sumy: p + q = 1 sumy prawdopodobieństw zdarzeń przeciwnych, w tym zwłaszcza: sumy prawdopodobieństw stanów: zdatności i niezdatności pojedynczego elementu (tworu charakteryzującego się jednym wyjściem i dowolną liczbą wejść). Okazało się, że bez istotnego uszczerbku dla dokładności dotychczasowych analiz można wprowadzić do rzeczonej sumy dodatkowy składnik: ͥ ͥ ͥ pq3; składnik uosabiający tytułowe prawdopodobieństwo stanu pośredniego. Przy zachowaniu stałej wartości sumy rzeczonych składników określono ich zmienności w funkcji prawdopodobieństwa q, po czym w funkcji tej samej zmiennej zbadano zmienność entropii stanu elementu i z wykorzystaniem równań Chapmana - Kołmogorowa - intensywności przejść od stanu zdatności do stanów: niezdatności i pośredniego oraz: od stanu pośredniego do stanu niezdatności. Znaczenie prawdopodobieństwa pośredniego odniesiono także do obiektu: jego programu diagnozowania, entropii struktury, pełnego zbioru rozróżnialnych stanów, stosownych intensywności przejść. Nieodzowny stał się w tym względzie opis obiektu językiem teorii grafów, w którym: warstwy i macierz osiągalności są podstawowymi pojęciami. Należy zauważyć, że obiekt jest tworem stanowiącym zbiór pojedynczych elementów, o liczebności i strukturze połączeń zgodnej z przeznaczeniem tego tworu.

16

Determination of all hydrodynamically stable and easily predictable conditions in various bubble columns

Nedeltchev Stoyan, Katerla Jakub

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Inżynierii Chemicznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk

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2021

|

nr 25

5--32

EN

The reliable operation of bubble columns depends on the selection of hydrodynamically stable conditions. They have been defined based on the fully predictable behavior of an identification parameter in a certain gas velocity range. In order to define these stable conditions, three key parameters (Kolmogorov entropy, new hybrid index and information entropy) have been extracted from various intrusive and nonintrusive measurements in water, ethanol, therminol LT and benzonitrile.

PL

Optymalny zakres pracy kolumn barbotażowych zależy od wyboru warunków hydrodynamicznej stabilności. Warunki te zostały zdefiniowane w oparciu o całkowitą przewidywalność zachowania się parametru charakterystycznego w określonym zakresie prędkości gazu. W celu identyfikacji warunków stabilności wyodrębniono z różnych inwazyjnych i nieinwazyjnych pomiarów w wodzie, etanolu, terminolu LT i benzonitrylu trzy kluczowe parametry – entropię Kołmogorowa, nowy indeks hybrydowy i entropię informacji.

17

Spatial entropy changes for built-up areas in the vicinity of Kraków in the years 2014–2020

Kudas Dawid, Wnęk Agnieszka

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2021

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no. 4

103--116

EN

Information on landscape structure is an important issue for sustainable development and for making correct spatial planning decisions. Therefore, studies providing information on the diversity and changes of land cover and land use in a selected area are currently an important research topic. In addition to quantitative-qualitative statistics, spatial entropy is increasingly used to assess the degree of diversity of land cover and land use. This paper aim was to determine the diversity of objects within the land cover classes in the years 2014, 2017 and 2020, with a focus on built-up areas, in three districts bordering the city of Kraków, i.e. the Wieliczka, Kraków and Proszowice districts, located in the Małopolskie Voivodeship in Poland. In order to perform the analysis with the appropriate spatial resolution, a hex grid was used to determine the diversity of objects in the built-up area class. For this reason, data on land cover from the BDOT10k national database of topographic objects were used. The analyses followed the division into classes and objects defined in the structure of the BDOT10k database. The degree of diversity was determined using the Entropy Index and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Changes in the diversity of built-up areas were observed especially in areas located in close proximity to the border of Kraków, as well as on its eastern and south-eastern sides. A significant relationship was also observed between the increase in diversity of objects in the built-up area class and the immediate proximity of roads.

PL

Informacje o strukturze krajobrazu są istotną kwestią dla potrzeb prowadzenia zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz podejmowania właściwych decyzji związanych z planowaniem przestrzennym. W związku z tym badania dostarczające informacji o różnorodności oraz zmianach pokrycia i użytkowaniu terenu zachodzących w wybranym obszarze są aktualnie istotnym tematem badawczym. Do oceny stopnia różnorodności pokrycia i użytkowania terenu poza statystykami ilościowo-jakościowymi, coraz częściej jest wykorzystywana entropia przestrzenna. W niniejszej pracy określono stopień różnorodności obiektów klas pokrycia terenu w latach 2014, 2017 i 2020, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem terenów zabudowanych, dla obszaru powiatów graniczących z miastem Kraków tj. powiatu wielickiego, krakowskiego i proszowickiego, zlokalizowanych w województwie małopolskim w Polsce. W celu przeprowadzenia analizy z odpowiednią rozdzielczością przestrzenną do określenia różnorodności obiektów w klasie terenów zabudowanych wykorzystano siatkę heksagonów. Do realizacji postawionego celu wykorzystano dane dotyczące pokrycia terenu z ogólnopolskiej bazy danych obiektów topograficznych BDOT10k. Analizy przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem podziału na klasy oraz obiekty zdefiniowane w strukturze bazy BDOT10k. Stopień różnorodności określono wykorzystując Entropy Index oraz Herfindahl–Hirschman Index. Zmiany zróżnicowania trenów zabudowanych zaobserwowano szczególnie w terenach położonych w bliskim sąsiedztwie granicy miasta Krakowa, jak również po jego wschodniej i południowo wschodniej stronie. Zaobserwowano także istotny związek pomiędzy wzrostem zróżnicowania obiektów w klasie terenów zabudowanych a bezpośrednim sąsiedztwem dróg.

18

Relative Change in SI Engine Performance Using Hydrogen and Alcohol as Fuel Supplements to Gasoline

Yamin Jehad A.A., Sheet Eiman Ali Eh, Rida Khalid S.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no. 1

144--145

EN

A simulation study on the effect of hydrogen and ethanol addition as supplementary fuel for gasoline engine at lean mixture (equivalence ratio ϕ = 0.8) was carried out to reduce the gasoline share in the mixture, thus reducing the fuel consumption and harmful emissions. The effect of supplementary fuels on engine performance, emissions, and availability was investigated. This was done by changing the ratio between gasoline and the supplementary fuels in the fuel mixture to achieve the required equivalence ratio. The first part of the simulation consisting of the performance and emissions calculated using the first law, was conducted for all engine speeds. The second part consisting of an availability analysis was conducted at the rated speed of 2750 rpm. The simulation study was conducted using the data obtained from measurements of Ricardo E6/T engine parameters (variable compression ratio engine). The data was also used to verify the models. The study shows that the hydrogen addition reduced the carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO2) share at the lean mixture. The hydrogen addition significantly improved the heat release rate compared with pure gasoline; however, the heat released was close to the top dead center due to its fast burning speed. The ethanol addition improved the first law performance of the engine, e.g., power and efficiency; however, at the cost of increased heat loss. It also improved the indicated work availability in comparison with the addition of hydrogen.

19

Predicting immunogenicity in murine hosts with use of Random Forest classifier

Marciniak Anna, Tarczewska Martyna, Kloska Sylwester

Zeszyty Naukowe. Telekomunikacja i Elektronika / Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy

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2020

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nr 24

31--43

EN

Biomedical data are difficult to interpret due to their large amount. One of the solutions to cope with this problem is to use machine learning. Machine learning can be used to capture previously unnoticed dependencies. The authors performed random forest classifier with entropy and Gini index criteria on immunogenicity data. Input data consisted of 3 columns: epitope (8-11 amino acids long peptide), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and immune response. Presented model can predict the immune response based on epitope-MHC complex. Achieved results had accuracy of 84% for entropy and 83% for Gini index. The results are not fully satisfying but are a fair start for more complexed experiments and could be used as an indicator for further research.

PL

Dane biomedyczne są trudne do interpretacji ze względu na ich dużą ilość. Jednym z rozwiązań radzenia sobie z tym problemem jest wykorzystanie uczenia maszynowego. Techniki te umożliwiają wychwycenie wcześniej niezauważonych zależności. W artykule przedstawiono wykorzystanie klasyfikatora Random Forest z kryterium entropii i indeksem Gini na danych dotyczących immunogenności. Dane wejściowe składają się z 3 kolumn: epitop (peptyd o długości 8-11 aminokwasów), główny kompleks zgodności tkankowej (MHC) i odpowiedź immunologiczna. Zaprezentowany model przewiduje odpowiedź immunologiczną na podstawie kompleksu epitop-MHC. Uzyskane wyniki osiągnęły dokładność na poziomie 84% (entropia) i 83% (indeks Gini). Wyniki nie są w pełni satysfakcjonujące, ale stanowią dobry początek dla bardziej złożonych eksperymentów i wyznacznik do dalszych badań.

20

Wielokryterialna optymalizacja zużycia energii w domu jednorodzinnym z modyfikacją preferencji entropią

Łagoda Marzena

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Elektrotechnika

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2020

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z. 38 [301], nr 1-2

51--64

PL

W artykule omówiono przykłady rozwiązań pozwalających obniżyć zużycie energii w domu jednorodzinnym. Wybrano 7 wariantów pozwalających zoptymalizować pobór energii oraz 6 kryteriów, które opisują wyznaczone rozwiązania. Dokonano wyboru wartości ważności przyjętych kryteriów oraz subiektywnie ustalono dla nich cztery warianty preferencji. Następnie zgromadzono dane w tabeli i znormalizowano je, aby móc wykorzystać metodę sumy ważonej, pozwalającą na wyznaczenie najlepszego rozwiązania. W kolejnym kroku użyto metody entropii i wykorzystano przyjęte wcześniej subiektywnie preferencje do wyznaczenia sposobu pozwalającego na zoptymalizowanie energii elektrycznej w domu jednorodzinnym.

EN

The article discusses examples of solutions that reduce energy consumption in a single-family home. 7 variants were selected to optimize energy consumption and 6 criteria, which describe the designated solutions. The validity value of the adopted criteria was chosen and four preference variants were subjectively determined for them. The data was then collected in a table and normalized to be able to use the weighted sum method to determine the best solution. In the next step, the entropy method was used and the subjective preferences adopted earlier, were used to determine the way to optimize electricity in a single-family home.