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Charakterystyka chemiczna wybranych pozostałości poprodukcyjnych pochodzących z przetwórstwa owoców i warzyw

Starek-Wójcicka Agnieszka, Findura Pavol, Prístavka Miroslav, Andrejko Dariusz, Sagan Agnieszka

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2026

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T. 105, nr 1

55--59

PL

Przeprowadzono charakterystykę chemiczną wybranych pozostałości poprodukcyjnych pochodzących z przetwórstwa owoców i warzyw, z uwzględnieniem ich potencjału jako alternatywnych źródeł związków bioaktywnych o działaniu przeciwutleniającym. Materiał badawczy stanowiły wytłoki uzyskane po procesie tłoczenia soków z dziesięciu surowców: pięciu owoców (jabłek, śliwek, czereśni, winogron i aronii) oraz pięciu warzyw (marchwi, dyni, pomidorów, papryki i buraków ćwikłowych). Spośród analizowanych pozostałości największą zawartością polifenoli wyróżniały się wytłoki ze śliwek, czereśni, winogron i aronii, natomiast największą koncentrację witaminy C stwierdzono w wytłokach z aronii i czereśni. Przekładało się to na wyższą aktywność przeciwutleniającą tych surowców w porównaniu z pozostałymi. Związki antyoksydacyjne otrzymywane z poprodukcyjnych pozostałości przetwórstwa owoców i warzyw mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w różnych gałęziach przemysłu chemicznego, od produkcji naturalnych konserwantów i dodatków do żywności, po formulacje kosmetyczne i farmaceutyczne.

EN

The pomace obtained after pressing juice from 10 raw materials, 5 fruits (apples, plums, cherries, grapes, chokeberries) and 5 vegetables (carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes, peppers, and beets), was analyzed for its potential as an alternative source of bioactive compds. with antioxidant properties. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid was detd. The extracts were also tested for their antioxidant potential (DPPH test). The pomace from plums, cherries, grapes, and chokeberries had the highest polyphenol content, while the highest concn. of vitamin C was found in the pomace from chokeberries and cherries, which was reflected in the higher antioxidant activity of these raw materials compared to the other raw materials.

2

Istotne właściwości i działanie biologiczne chmielu (Humulus lupulus L.) mające znaczenie dla jego zastosowań w wyciszaniu objawów skóry wrażliwej

Dzienisik Magdalena, Marzec Marta, Nowak Izabela

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 8

784--790

PL

Omówiono istotne właściwości bioaktywne ekstraktu z chmielu (Humulus lupulus L.) ważne z punktu widzenia kosmetologii i dermatologii. Ze względu na zawartość związków o działaniu przeciwutleniającym, przeciwzapalnym oraz przeciwdrobnoustrojowym, chmiel wykazuje znaczący potencjał jako składnik aktywny w produktach pielęgnacyjnych, szczególnie przeznaczonych do skóry wrażliwej i reaktywnej. Przedstawiono charakterystykę chemiczną i formy obecności składników chmielu w kosmetykach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem hydrolatów, olejków eterycznych i ekstraktów otrzymywanych różnymi metodami ekstrakcji. Omówiono mechanizmy działania związków bioaktywnych, ich wpływ na barierę skórną oraz możliwość wpływu na mikrobiom skóry i neuroimmunologiczne mechanizmy wyciszające. Podkreślono potrzebę dalszych badań in vivo w celu pełnej oceny skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa stosowania chmielu w preparatach kosmetycznych.

EN

A review, with 54 refs., of the significant bioactive properties of hop extract (Humulus lupulus L.) relevant to cosmetol. and dermatol. The chem. characterization and various forms of hop constituents in cosmetics were presented, with particular emphasis on hydrolates, essential oils, and extracts obtained through various extn. methods. The mechanisms of action of bioactive compds., their effects on the skin barrier, and the potential impact on the skin microbiome and neuroimmunol. calming mechanisms were discussed. The need for further in vivo studies to fully assess the efficacy and safety of hop use in cosmetic preparations was emphasized.

3

Ekstrakty z wybranych ziół jako bioaktywne źródło przeciwutleniaczy i inhibitorów enzymatycznych w aspekcie zastosowań w przemyśle

Skrzypek Alicja, Muszyński Paweł, Ciołek Anna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 11

1165--1170

PL

Wysuszone próbki roślin z rodzin Lamiaceae, Apiaceae i Poaceae zmielono i ekstrahowano wodą lub 70-proc. etanolem poprzez wytrząsanie. Ekstrakty analizowano spektrofotometrycznie pod kątem całkowitej zawartości związków fenolowych (TPC) za pomocą odczynnika Folina i Ciocâlteu. Aktywność przeciwutleniającą ekstraktów określono na podstawie ich zdolności do neutralizacji rodnika DPPH, a ich potencjał hamujący wobec acetylocholinoesterazy (AChE) i butyrylocholinoesterazy (BChE) oceniono zmodyfikowaną metodą Ellmana. Obserwowano korelację pomiędzy zawartością TPC a aktywnością DPPH, natomiast nie stwierdzono korelacji między wysoką zawartością TPC a aktywnością antycholinoesterazową ekstraktów.

EN

Dried plant samples from the Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, and Poaceae families were ground and extracted with water or 70% ethanol by shaking. The extracts were analyzed spectrophotometrically for total phenolic compound (TPC) content using the Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was detd. based on their ability to neutralize the DPPH radical, and their inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was assessed using the modified Ellman method. A correlation was obsd. between TPC and DPPH activity, whereas no correlation was obsd. between high TPC content and anticholinesterase activity of the extracts.

4

Optimizing the stability and antioxidant potential of used edible oils with rosemary residue powder enrichment

Satteih Mohammed, Errachidi Faouzi, Chahdi Fouad Ouazzani

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 2

153--163

EN

This study explores the potential of enriching used edible oils with distillation residual rosemary powder (DRRP) to enhance their quality and stability. Physico-chemical and thermal analyses were performed to assess the oils’ chemical quality indices. The results revealed that enrichment with 1%, 5%, and 10% DRRP significantly minimized acid index degradation, maintaining stability even after 11 days of storage. Additionally, the enriched oils demonstrated improved compliance with food quality standards. Thermal analysis further showed that DRRP enrichment markedly enhanced resistance to thermal degradation at elevated temperatures compared to virgin oil (positive control) and untreated used oil (negative control). These findings underscore the protective properties of DRRP, presenting a promising strategy to extend the shelf life of used oils in the food industry while promoting sustainable practices.

5

Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Ricinus communis Linn leaf and seeds extracts

Gassim Hani Bushra Mohamed, Hassan Afaf Mahmoud, Abadi Ragaa Satti Mohamed, Mustafa Yasir A. A.

Scientiae Radices

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2024

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Vol. 3, Iss. 2

74--88

EN

The study investigates phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of leaf and seeds extracts of Ricinus communis L. Ricinus communis L. commonly known as castor plant belongs to the family Euphorbiacea. Phytochemical screening showed that both seeds and leaves of Ricinus communis L. have various secondary metabolites such as: tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenes and coumarins, while anthraquinones were not detected. Antioxidant potentials were assessed on the basis of radical scavenging effect of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH). Leaf methanol Soxhlet extract showed the maximum antioxidant activity (85±0.01%) with IC50 value of (0.121±0.02mg/ml). Seed methanol maceration extract showed high antioxidant activity (80.7±0.01%) while petroleum ether extracts of both leaf and seeds showed no antioxidant activity. Spectroscopic analysis using GC-MS of the methanol maceration extract of leaf showed the presence of various compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid with the highest peak area 22.02%, 4-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile with peak area 17.41%, gamonelic acid with peak area 10.40%, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one with peak area 4.84% and 2-pyrrolidinone with peak area 3.98%.

6

Wpływ kształtu reaktora i parametrów ekstrakcji podkrytycznej na jakość ekstraktów otrzymanych z kory dębu (Quercus robur L.)

Kamiński Piotr, Tyśkiewicz Katarzyna, Fekner Zygmunt, Kobus Zbigniew, Gruba Marcin

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 6

695--710

PL

Zaprojektowano ekstraktor (40 L) do pozyskiwania polifenoli i flawonoidów z kory dębu (Quercus robur L.) za pomocą wody w warunkach podkrytycznych. Aktywność antyoksydacyjną oceniano metodą zmiatania rodnika 2,2-difenylo-1-pikrylohydrazylowego DPPH. Do analizy ekstraktów wykorzystano spektrofotometrię UV-Vis. Stwierdzono istotną korelację między temperaturą procesu a jakością ekstraktu. Zarówno całkowita zawartość polifenoli i flawonoidów, jak i aktywność antyoksydacyjna wzrastały wraz ze wzrostem temp. odpowiednio do 117,2°C, 116,5°C i 123,2°C. Dalszy wzrost temperatury powodował pogorszenie jakości ekstraktu. Doświadczenia prowadzono wg planu Boksa i Behnkena.

EN

An extn. cell (40 L) was designed for obtaining polyphenols and flavonoids from bark of oak (Quercus robur L.) with water under subcrit. conditions. The antioxidant activity was assessed by using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. The UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used for anal. of the exts. A high correlation between process temp. and ext. quality was found. Both total contents of polyphenols and flavonoids as well as the antioxidant activity increased with increasing temp. up to 117.2°C, 116.5°C, and 123.2°C, resp. Further increase in temp. resulted in deterioration of the ext. quality. The expts. were carried out according to the Box-Behnken method.

7

Wpływ procesu ozonowania na parametry tekstury, aktywność antyoksydacyjną i właściwości organoleptyczne dżemów z owoców borówki wysokiej i jabłek

Józefczyk Radosław, Szajna Anna, Balawejder Maciej

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2024

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T. 28, nr 1

113--124

PL

Owoce borówki wysokiej i jabłka poddano działaniu mieszaniny powietrza z ozonem. Ozon generowany był poprzez wyładowania koronowe w stężeniu 1, 10 i 100 ppm przez 5 minut w przypadku jabłek, stanowiących wsad i 30 min w przypadku borówki amerykańskiej będącej głównym surowcem do wykonania dżemów. Wykonane dżemy zostały poddane ocenie organoleptycznej na podstawie wybranych cech sensorycznych jak: barwa, zapach, smak, konsystencja, smarowność, faktura. Ocenie została poddana również tekstura dżemu, przy użyciu maszyny wytrzymałościowej, za pomocą testu TPA, podającego następujące parametry: twardość, siła niszcząca, praca ściskania, adhezyjność, sprężystość, gumistość. Wykonano również analizy biochemiczne, wyznaczając aktywność antyoksydacyjną wobec DPPH oraz zawartość polifenoli z użyciem metody Folina-Ciocialteu. Porównanie dżemów przygotowanych z owoców borówki i jabłek poddanych procesowi ozonowania atmosferą ozonową o stężeniach 1 ppm w czasie 5 minut dla jabłek oraz 10 i 100 ppm dla owoców borówki w czasie 30 minut, wykazało, że: 1) uprzednie ozonowanie nie ma istotnego wpływu na cechy sensoryczne wykonanych z nich dżemów, z wyjątkiem użycia najwyższej dawki ozonu (100 ppm), 2) wpływa w sposób istotny, ale co do kierunku niejednoznaczny i zależny od mierzonego parametru na teksturę wyznaczoną z użyciem standardowego testu TPA (twardość, siła niszcząca, praca ściskania, adhezyjność, sprężystość, gumistość), ze wskazaniem na podniesienie twardości i wielkości pochodnych. 3) wpływa w sposób istotny na aktywność antyoksydacyjną dżemów borówkowych oraz zawartość polifenoli dżemów jabłkowych. 4) ponadto, oceniane parametry sensoryczne i tekstury oraz aktywność antyoksydacyjna i zawartość polifenoli w gotowych dżemach, w istotny sposób zależą od rodzaju użytego owocu.

EN

The comparison of jams prepared from blueberry fruit and apples subjected to the ozonation process with the ozone atmosphere concentrated from 1 ppm during 5 minutes for apples as well as from 10 and 100 ppm for blueberry fruits during 30 minutes showed the below observations: 1) Prior ozonation of highbush blueberries and apples has no significant effect on the sensory properties of the prepared jams except when using the highest dose of ozone (100 ppm). 2) Prior ozonation of blueberry and apple fruits has a significant, but ambiguous and dependent on the measured parameter, effect on the texture determined using the standard TPA test (hardness, destructive force, compressive work, adhesiveness, elasticity, gumminess), with the indication to increase the hardness and size of derivatives. 3) Prior ozonation of blueberry fruit and apples significantly contributes to the antioxidant activity of blueberry jams and the content of polyphenols in apple jams. 4) The assessed sensory parameters and textures as well as antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in ready-made jams greatly depend on the sort of fruit used. Blueberry and apple fruits were treated with mixed air and ozone at the same. Ozone was generated by corona discharges at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ppm for 5 minutes on apples constituting as a major batch and 30 minutes on blueberries as the main input material. The jams were subjected to organoleptic evaluation on the basis of selected sensory characteristics such as: colour, aroma, taste, consistency, spreadability, texture. The texture of the jam was assessed with the following parameters: hardness, destructive force, compressive work, adhesiveness, elasticity, gumminess. Moreover, there were also conducted biochemical analyzes of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (as the equivalent of Trolox per 100 g of fruit) and the amount of polyphenols using the Folin- Ciocialteu method as the equivalent of gallic acid (mg of GAE per 100 g of fruit).

8

The Effect of Extraction Process on The Antioxidant Activity of Prunus Serrotina L. Leaves Extracts

Kobus-Cisowska Joanna, Telichowska Aleksandra, Ligaj Marta, Szymandera-Buszka Krystyna

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 1

21--28

EN

The study evaluated the antioxidant potential of Prunus serotina L. leaves extracts obtained with the use of purified water in the Mowo Aqua system, prepared in 5, 10 and 15 minutes. It was found that the purification system affects the properties of the obtained extracts. First of all, the osmolality of the extracts increased, which indicates the amount of extracted compounds. Water purification in the tested system resulted in an increase in the content of compounds reacting with the Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Their highest content was found in extracts prepared within 10 and 15 minutes. Higher content of polyphenols was responsible for higher antiradical activity in tests with DPPH radicals (5.41mg TE/1g d.m.) and ABTS cation radical (8.69 mg TE/1g d.m.). High antioxidant activity was also confirmed in the FRAP test, where extracts prepared with Mowo Aqua water showed up to 27% higher activity compared to control extracts. The above results were confirmed by the electrochemical method.

9

Phytochemical Components, Antioxidant Properties, Antimicrobial Effects, and Insecticidal Prospects Against the Black Bean Aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) of Olea europaea L. Leaves Extracts from Morocco

Ouryemchi Imane, Oubihi Asmaa, Taibi Mohamed, Elbouzidi Amine, Jaber Hassna, Haida Sara, Asehraou Abdeslam, Addi Mohamed, Ouhssine Mohammed, Benzakour Abderrahim

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

64--74

EN

The escalating phenomenon of bacterial resistance to antibiotics over time, coupled with the consequential detrimental effects of oxidative stress on cellular aging, and the usage of pesticides with varying degrees of toxicity, thereby impacting both human health and the environment, represents a pressing global concern. Consequently, researchers are compelled to identify novel biomolecules derived from plants and their derivatives that possess antibacterial, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. The olive tree (Olea europaea L.), a fruit-bearing tree within the Oleaceae family, characterized by its olives, has been cultivated for millennia, particularly in Mediterranean regions, with its leaves being primarily employed for their multifarious therapeutic attributes. In this investigation, extracts were procured from olive leaves through employment of the Soxhlet apparatus, followed by the quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids. The assessment of the antioxidant potential of these extracts was conducted using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated via the disk diffusion method against six pathogenic bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the in vitro aphicide activity of Olea europaea L. extracts were investigated at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% against the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scop. The findings of this study suggest that olive leaf extracts exhibit robust antioxidant properties and display modest antibacterial activity against pathogenic agents. Hence, these extracts are strongly endorsed for their potential role as eco-friendly antioxidants, and owing to their modest yet efficient insect-repelling attributes, they can be utilized as a sustainable, low-impact insecticide in the ecological engineering approach to controlling black aphids in bean crops. Therefore, the utilization of olive tree-derived extracts is encouraged.

10

The Toxicity of Organophosphates Insecticide in Cyprinus carpio and Effect on Antioxidant and Liver Function

Mohsin Rusul Idan, Al-Amari Moayed J. Y., Jaber Hassanain Hataf

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 7

244--250

EN

This study’s gaol is to ascertain the impact of diazinon about the condition of common carp, a significant fish species used for food in aquaculture (Cyprinus carpio). The LC50 of diazinon after 96 h was 9.5 mg/L in C. carpio (78.8 ± 5 g in weight). The fish were divided into six tanks as two treatments in order to ascertain the long-term effects of diazinon (three tanks per treatment). They were subjected to diazinon (2.37 mg/L; 25% LC50-96 h concentration) and 0 (control) for 4 days, 14 days, and 28 days before blood biochemical assays were performed on samples taken. Dry-chemistry analyzer was used to determination the Liver Function enzyme, also SOD and CAT was estimated by use spectrophotometer. At day four and day fourteen, the plasma SOD activity of the diazinonexposed fish did not significantly decrease in comparison to the control group; however, after day twenty-eight, the plasma SOD activity of the diazinon-exposed fish significantly increased in comparison to the control group. Diazinon exposure and control report a significant increase in serum CAT activity. Diazinon exposure increased significantly in serum ALT, AST and ALP activity compared to the control group.

11

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phoenix dactilifera L. Seeds in Morocco with Antioxidant Activities Using Chemometrics

Halabi Yasmina, Nasri Chaimae, El Guezzane Chakir, Harhar Hicham, Chahboun Nabila, Warad Ismail, Bellaouchou Abdelkebir, Zarrouk Abdelkader, Tabyaoui Mohamed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 4

81--91

EN

The phytochemical compounds and the antioxidant activity of ten varieties of Phoenix dactilifera L. seeds in Morocco were examined. The phytochemical screening was used to reveal the presence of some important compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, catechic tannins, terpenoids, leucoanthocyanins, carotenoids, alkaloids, saponins as well as the absence of Gallic tanins and cardiac glycosids. The total phenolic content was ranged between 381.29 ± 2.31 and 138.92 ± 1.75 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g of extract, the total flavonoid content was between 163.53 ± 1.82 and 46.74 ± 1.26 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract, and tannins were found from 95.87 ± 2.08 to 24.20 ± 1.45 mg catechin equivalent/g extract. Indeed, the scavenging ability with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays recorded a low inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 1.52 to 4.78 µg/mL and from 18.90 to 46.62 µg/mL respectively. Likewise, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) assay showed a good reduction capacity of ferric ions ranged from 69.25 to 161.26 µg/mL.

12

Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity, and Antimicrobial Effects of the Fractions of Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr.

El Yaagoubi Wissal, Soussi Meriem, Aazza Smail, Belmalha Saadia, El Ghadraoui Lahsen

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 10

60--74

EN

This study aimed to provide new data on the chemical composition and biological properties of Corrigiola. telephiifolia Pourr., demonstrating the influence of different extraction solvents and geographic locations on these properties. It presents novel findings on the phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial effects of various fractions of Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr. roots collected from three distinct regions in Morocco. The obtained results reveal significant variations in TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity depending on the extraction fraction and geographic origin. Notably, the fraction of raw extract exhibited the highest TPC values in all sampled sites (44.76 ± 0.05 in Agouray, 35.89±0.02 in Sefrou, and 14.99 ± 0.03 mg·GAE/g·dw in Azrou). The peak values of TFC were recorded in the fraction of raw extracts for all sampling sites (20.80 ± 0.01 in Agouray, 18.62 ± 0.01 in Sefrou, and 11.54 ± 0.01 mg QAE/g dw in Azrou). The highest values of FRAP were recorded in the fraction of raw extract of Agouray (2.00±0.00). Furthermore, the hexane fraction showed the highest DPPH and Chelating power with IC50 equal to 0.46 ± 0.02 mg·mL-1 and 0.10 ± 0.00 mg·mL-1, respectively. All fractions showed significant and variable antibacterial activities. The highest antimicrobial activity was recorded in in ethyl acetate fraction of the sample from Agouray against E. coli (MIC = 0.039). The highest anti-microbial effect was recorded also in ethyl acetate fraction against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and raw fraction against B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa (MBC = 0.313 against both microorganisms). Agouray consistently demonstrated superior results across multiple parameters, indicating it as the best region for the highest phytochemical and bioactive properties. This study evaluated the chemical compounds and biological properties of Corrigiola. telephiifolia Pourr. and demonstrated the effect of the sampled area and solvent.

13

Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial an Antioxidant Activity of Ammi visnaga L. Extracts

Mgamat Fouzia, Haida Sara, Oubihi Asmae, El Ibaoui Hamid, Kribii Abderahim, El Ayadi Rachida, Hmouni Driss

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

21--27

EN

Ammi visnaga L. extracts were examined for the presence of phytochemicals, antimicrobial activities, and scavenging potentials. The aerial part of this plant underwent warm extraction using three different solvents: hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and reducing sugars in the ethanolic extract. In the dichloromethane extract, polyphenols and glycosides were identified, while in the hexane extract, polyphenols, flavonoids, and glycosides were detected. Antimicrobial activity was determined using disc diffusion method. Results indicate that the dichloromethane extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition, measuring 10 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded as 10 μL/mL, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was below 10 μL/mL. However, no antimicrobial activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Additionally, antioxidant activity was examined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle) assay. The ethanolic extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant power with an IC50 value of 0.843 ± 0.199 mg/mL against 0.095 ± 0.009 mg/mL of ascorbic acid which is used as a reference.

14

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Cannabis sativa L. Flowers from the Ketama Region in Northern Morocco

Ahidar Naoufal, Labhar Amina, Benamari Omar, Ahari Mhamed, Salhi Amin, Elyoussfi Abdellah, Amhamdi Hassan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

209-215

EN

Within the framework of Bill No.13-21 on the legal use of cannabis in Morocco, we studied the Cannabis sativa L. plant, known as ‘Beldeya,’ grown in the Ketama region of northern Morocco. In the present study, phytochemical screening, a quantitative study on ethanol, chloroform, and hexane extracts of cannabis flowers, and a study of antioxidant potential were carried out. In all three extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of different kinds of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, anthocyanins, tannins, and reducing sugars. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to measure the total amount of polyphenols, and the results showed that the total amount of polyphenols varied from 1.802 mg to 2.225 mg of gallic acid equivalent (EqAG). Flavonoid assay with Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) revealed that all three extracts contained flavonoids, ranging from 0.242 mg to 0.442 mg quercetin equivalent (EqQ). Using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reduction test, antioxidant activity was evaluated. The results obtained show that the ethanolic extract exhibited superior activity, with an IC50 value of 231.39 μg/ml, followed by the hexanic and chloroformic extracts, having IC50 values of 376.40 μg/ml and 769.60 μg/ml, respectively.

15

Optimization of Polyphenols and Antioxidants Extraction from Mentha Suaveolens Subspecies Timija

Chater Oumaima, El Ghadraoui Lahsen, Bouzaid Hiba, Aazza Smail

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 5

274--289

EN

This study delves into the influence of varying solvent compositions on the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the antioxidant activities of extracts from Mentha suaveolens subsp. timija leaves and stems. The extraction process is conducted using ultrasound-assisted extraction via an ultrasonic bath. Employing a surface mixture design approach, we explored the singular use of water (W), methanol (M), and ethanol (E), as well as their combinations. The outcomes demonstrate that solvents’ compositions significantly influence the extraction of TPC, with noteworthy synergistic effects observed in specific combinations, such as a ratio of W:M (1/2:1/2). The scavenging activity of DPPH and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also evaluated, indicating that certain combinations of solvents, particularly those involving methanol and water, enhance the antioxidant activities. The results reveal that solvent compositions significantly influence TPC extraction, with notable synergistic effects observed in specific mixtures, such as W:M (1/2:1/2). The Pareto chart analysis highlights the substantial contributions of methanol, ethanol, and water to TPC recovery and antioxidant activities. The findings underscore the importance of solvent optimization for extracting bioactive compounds, providing valuable insights for researchers and industries seeking to harness the full potential of this species in various applications.

16

Geographical Origin and Solvent Type Impact on Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton Grown in El Menzel – Morocco – Insights into Bioactivity and Applications

Tlemcani Sara, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Hmamou Anouar, Lahkimi Amal, Touijer Hanane, Kara Mohammed, Idrissi Amine Mounadi, Bekkari Hicham

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

168--177

EN

Geographical origin and environmental factors have a significant impact on the constituents and the biological properties of medicinal and aromatic plants. Herein, the Inula viscosaplant grown in El Menzel – Morocco were investigated with a focus on the impact of geographical province and solvent type on the mass yield and the biological activities of plant extracts. Chemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disk diffusion method and the microdilution test against eight clinical fungal, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The chemical composition results showed that the plant has good nutritional quality in terms of protein, carbohydrates, lipids and dietary fiber. In fact, alkaloids and saponisides are the most predominant chemical compounds in Inula vuscosa. Meanwhile, eighty volatile compounds were identified, representing 95% of the total essential oil content, the main component of which is tetra-pentacontane (11.26%). Furthermore, results showed high antioxidant activity, with efficacy increasing in the order: essential oil > chloroform extract > ethereal extract > ethanolic extract. In addition, both chloroformic extract and essential oil demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against all strains tested. This study highlights the influence of geographical variations and extraction solvents on the bioactivity of Inula viscosa, offering insights into its potential applications in pharmacology and nutraceuticals.

17

Comparative Study of Antioxidants in Methanolic Extracts Fruit of Natural Populations of Myrtus communis L. in Morocco in Relation to Fruit Size and Environmental Effects

Salim Nora, Oussif Ilias, Hamamouch Noureddine, Wahid Nadya

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 5

1--13

EN

Environmental effects are determining factors for the activity of the antioxidant compounds and fruit form. Samples of M. communis, originating from two biogeographically different zones in Morocco, were collected to study the variation in fruit size, fruit extract yield, and content of antioxidant compounds and activity of fruit extract and to examine its association with provenance environmental effect. Analysis of the results shows significant effect of provenance and environmental factors of several traits studied except anthocyanin compounds and IC50. The high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and extract yield are associated with less watered and warm sites, and with low altitudes. Also, selection for one of the traits of fruit size and/or extract yield could favor selection for one of the phytochemicals. The aggregation of the populations studied using traits studied identify three main groups. These results are interesting for the selection of elite natural populations in favor of programs to promote this species for applications in the food, therapeutic, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields.

18

Comparative Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoid content, Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities, and Functional Groups of Chemicals from Hypericum perforatum L., and Papaver Rhoeas L. Flower Extracts

Afqir Hajar, Belmalha Saadia, Farihi Ayoub, Elbouzidi Amine, Bouhrim Mohamed, Elrherabi Amal, Boutagayout Abdellatif, Oubihi Asmae, Ouhssine Mohammed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

88--101

EN

In this study, the authors aimed to compare the phytochemical compounds (polyphenols and flavonoids), antioxidant activity, functional groups present in the compounds (FTIR), and anti-microbial effects, in the aqueous and methanol extracts obtained from flowers of commercial Hypericum perforatum and native Papaver Rhoeas from Morocco. P. Rhoeas L was collected from El Lhaj Kaddour near Meknes, while H. perforatum L was bought in a dried state from a Moroccan herbalist in the same city. Total polyphenols were evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH and antimicrobial effects were tested against six bacteria (Gram– and Gram+). The aqueous and methanol extracts of P. Rhoeas had the highest TPC value (23.67 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g; 15.86 ± 0.65 mg GAE/g) compared to H. perforatum (15.26 ± 1.30 mg GAE/g; 5.50 ± 1.13 GAE/g). The aqueous extract of Papaver Rhoeas exhibited the highest TFC at 14.36 ± 0.49 mg QE/g, while the methanol extract of Hypericum perforatum had the highest 10.65 ± 0.49 mg QE/g in TFC. In contrast, the methanol and aqueous extracts of H. perforatum showed significant zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (9.5 ± 0.5 mm and 10.17 ± 0.29 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.33 ± 0.58 mm and 9.33 ± 0.58 mm) respectively, with a minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated at 10 μL/ml. The FTIR analysis demonstrated that the extracts of both plants are rich in bioactive molecules with potential biological activities and a pharmaceutical industry perspective. Consequently, these Papaver Rhoeas and Hypericum perforatum extracts exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

19

Solvent Effect on Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoids Content, and the Antioxidant Activity of Ramalina lacera and Evernia prunastri Lichens Collected from the Trunks of Argania spinosa L.

Naama Amal, Aghoutane Basma, El Monfalouti Hanae, Kartah Badr Eddine

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

183--190

EN

The study was aimed to evaluate the impact of extraction solvent on the phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and the antioxidant activities of acetonic, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of two lichen species: Evernia prunastri and Ramalina lacera collected from trunks of Argania spinosa using the ultrasound assistance extraction. Various in vitro antioxidant assays were utilized such as 2,2-diphenly-picryly-hydroxyl free radical (DPPH) assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. All tested samples exhibited a good antioxidant activity, for the DPPH assay, the inhibition percentage ranged from 85±0.2% to 27±0.01%, the phenolic content ranged from 13.17±0.5 mgGAE/g DW to 3.31±0.3 mgGAW/g DW, and flavonoids ranged from 5.84±0.03 mgRE/g DW to 0.01±0.03 mgRE/g DW. This study demonstrates that the extraction solvent has a significant influence on lichens phenolic compounds and on their antioxidant activity, also showed that flavonoids contents are significantly correlated to antioxidant activity of studies lichens; moreover, it shows that ultrasound extraction in a good method to extract the lichens compound. This study suggests that lichens Ramalina lacera and Evernia prunastri could be utilized as natural antioxidant source.

20

Phytochemical, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Pistacia lentiscus L. Leaves from Ajdir, Al Hoceima Province, Morocco

Labhar Amina, Benamari Omar, El-Mernissi Yahya, Salhi Amin, Ahari Mhamed, El Barkany Soufiane, Amhamdi Hassan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

172--177

EN

Pistacia lentiscus L. (PL) is a shrub belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, used in traditional medicine to treat various disorders in the Commune of Ajdir from Al Hociema province. The conducted study focused on determination of the polyphenols and flavonoids contents by spectrophotometric and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. Determining total polyphenols shows the aqueous extract with a higher concentration of 125.04±0.01 mg EAG/g ES, followed by the ethanolic extract of 108.16±0.02 mg EAG/g ES. Determination of flavonoids revealed that the hexanoic extract contains a maximum of flavonoids with a level of 90.60±0.01 mg EQ/g ES. The antioxidant activity of different extracts was determined through two methods: DPPH and FRAP. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed a high antioxidant capacity. Further, regarding anti-inflammatory activity, the ethanolic extract has good activity inhibition (92.65±0.67) followed by aqueous extract (94±0.29) at 1000 μg/mL concentration. This study found that the ethanolic extracts from PL leaves are a powerful natural antioxidant and effective anti-inflammatory agent. The results indicate the extract’s effectiveness and highlight the importance of medicinal plants from the Commune of Ajdir.