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1

Sleep disorder monitoring system using the internet for healthcare applications

Umapathy K., Boonsong Wasana, Archana M.A., Kumar Dinesh T., Omkumar S., Boonvarahan N.C.A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 7

58--61

EN

Sleep is an indispensable requirement for health, which will refresh a person's body and mind. Sleep quality is essential for a person's lifestyle, eradicating various health complications. Sleep disorder is a significant complication for most people for a more extended period. During sleep time, many people used to die due to abnormal changes in the human body. In this regard, a system for tracking sleep disorders is highly required. Hence, monitoring sleep in real-time is the only way to detect sleep disorders. This paper proposes a sleep disorder monitoring (SDM) system using IoT on a time basis constructed with a Raspberry Pi controller. Various types of sensors are involved in this system to measure parameters such as heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG), oxygen level, and snoring sound of a person. These measurements are carried out without disturbing that person's sleep. The results are forwarded to a mobile application utilizing a wifi module and displayed on an LCD screen connected to the controller. Moreover, this paper gives an idea about sleep disorders and aids people in detection and prevention.

PL

Sen jest niezbędnym warunkiem zdrowia, który odświeża ciało i umysł człowieka. Jakość snu ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla stylu życia danej osoby, eliminując różne komplikacje zdrowotne. Zaburzenia snu są dla większości ludzi poważnym powikłaniem utrzymującym się przez dłuższy czas. W czasie snu wiele osób umierało z powodu nieprawidłowych zmian w organizmie człowieka. W związku z tym niezwykle potrzebny jest system śledzenia zaburzeń snu. Dlatego monitorowanie snu w czasie rzeczywistym jest jedynym sposobem na wykrycie zaburzeń snu. W artykule zaproponowano system monitorowania zaburzeń snu (SDM) wykorzystujący technologię IoT w trybie czasowym, zbudowany w oparciu o kontroler Raspberry Pi. W systemie tym wykorzystywane są różne typy czujników, które mierzą takie parametry, jak tętno, elektrokardiogram (EKG), poziom tlenu i odgłos chrapania. Pomiary te przeprowadzane są bez zakłócania snu danej osoby. Wyniki przekazywane są do aplikacji mobilnej wykorzystującej moduł Wi-Fi i wyświetlane na ekranie LCD podłączonym do kontrolera. Ponadto artykuł ten daje wyobrażenie o zaburzeniach snu oraz pomaga w ich wykrywaniu i zapobieganiu.

2

Sleep deficit and managers’ functioning in stressful situations

Kraczla Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 153

259--272

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the relationship between the daily sleep index of managers and their behaviour in stressful situations. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents an overview of the determinants that influence how people in managerial positions choose to deal with stressful situations, a subject well described in psychological literature. This choice is determined by requirements and organizational context and is developed based on one’s personal experience. This personal propensity should also be considered in the context of sleep deficit, which is not uncommon in today’s organisational cultures as lack of sleep for the sake of increased managerial engagement and activity is not only quite commonplace, but is often glorified as a strategy. Findings: The considerations presented in the article indicate that sleep, as an individual resource of every manager, creates the space that is needed for the implementation of appropriate strategies for coping with stress in the workplace. Research limitations/implications: It is worth performing more research on larger sample groups, who would be differentiated according to organizational level and the decision-making independence of the managers being surveyed. Practical implications: As identified by the research presented here, understanding the relationship between sleep deficit and the behaviour of managers in situations of emotional stress could help to create future working conditions that are beneficial for people’s mental well-being and eliminating the consequences of sleep deficit, which can be dangerous for both individuals and their organisations. Social implications: If organisations factored sleep, understood as the ‘right to get enough sleep’, into the well-being criteria for the benefit of their workforce, including their managers, this could help them in their focus on health as a responsibility they are accountable for in business. Originality/value: The article determined the psycho-physical consequences of sleep deprivation as experienced by contemporary managers and the impact of sleep deficit on their behaviour in stressful circumstances. It has been shown that sleep, as a pivotal element contributing to ‘health and energy’, is a key competence resource of every manager.

3

Managers’ sleep deficit and stress-coping strategies in contemporary organisations – empirical analysis

Kraczla Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 154

103--119

EN

Purpose: This article seeks to establish whether there is a relationship between the amount of sleep managers have per night and their behaviour when in stressful situations, with particular reference to their choice of coping strategy. Design/methodology/approach: In order to establish the relationship between managers’ sleep duration and their preferred styles of coping with stress, two specific research tools were employed: a Polish adaptation of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and the author’s own questionnaire assessing respondents’ daily hours of sleep. Findings: The research showed that as a variable, sleep deficit is not sufficient to explain the behaviour of managers in situations of emotional stress. However, when treated as an independent variable, sleep duration can be used to identify certain interesting behavioural aspects of managers in their professional environment. Research limitations/implications: It is advisable to extend the research to include a larger research group and to distinguish other variables specific to the functioning of people in managerial positions. Practical implications: The lack of any correlation between the extent of sleep deprivation and behaviours aimed at reducing stress may indicate that these behaviours stem more from specific individual factors (e.g. gender or age) and environmental conditions rather than sleep duration. Identifying these conditions and understanding how they can be modified may help to shape the well-being of managers and their employees. Social implications: If organisations factored sleep duration into their work/health equation, this would help direct their efforts towards ensuring the well-being of their managers, which would lead to increased efficiency and performance. Originality/value: Sleep duration does not appear to be a variable that sufficiently explains the coping strategies employed by managers, as these are more influenced by age and gender, for example. The research showed that the group of managers analysed here did not meet the recommended standards of eight hours sleep a day, with sleep duration being heavily dependent on the respondents’ age.

4

Medical data exploration based on the heterogeneous data sources aggregation system

Opaliński Andrzej, Regulski Krzysztof, Mrzygłód Barbara, Głowacki Mirosław, Kania Aleksander, Nastałek Paweł, Celejewska-Wójcik Natalia, Bochenek Grażyna, Sładek Krzysztof

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2019

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Vol. 18

591--597

EN

The paper presents the implementation and use of the IT system implemented in the Department of Pulmonology of The University Hospital in Cracow. The system integrates data from heterogeneous sources of therapy, diagnosis and medical test results of patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The article presents the main architectural assumptions of the system, as well as an example of data mining analyzes based on the data served by the system. The example of the research aims to present the possibilities offered by the integration of clinical data in telemedicine and the diagnosis of patients with sleep disordered breathing that may lead to certain comorbidities and premature death.

5

Zaburzenia snu związane z nadmierną ekspozycją na światło

Orzeł-Gryglewska J.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2017

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T. 21, cz. 2

91--100

PL

Sztuczne światło zakłócające okres nocnego mroku wpływa niekorzystnie na sen. Szczególnie destrukcyjnie działa wieczorne naświetlanie światłem niebieskim. Jedną z przyczyn tych zaburzeń jest blokowanie wydzielania melatoniny, która wspomaga prawidłowy przebieg snu. Niewłaściwe wieczorne oświetlenie pomieszczeń opóźnia zasypianie oraz pojawianie się 2. i 3. stadium snu NREM. Po wieczornym 2-godzinnym naświetlaniu zmniejsza się gęstość mocy fal wolnych w zapisie EEG podczas snu głębokiego. Spanie w oświetlonym pomieszczeniu prowadzi również do spłycenia snu. Regularne opóźnienie pory zasypiania w warunkach niewłaściwego oświetlenia oraz spłycanie snu zmniejsza ilość snu całonocnego i prowadzi do deprywacji snu, której konsekwencje ponosi cały organizm.

EN

Artificial light disturbing period of nocturnal darkness has a negative impact on sleep. A particularly devastating impact on the natural rhythm of sleep and wakefulness is an evening illumination with the blue light. One of the causes of these disorders is blocking the secretion of melatonin, which supports the normal course of sleep. Inadequate lighting of living areas causes a significant increase in sleep onset latency and the latency of stage 2nd and 3rd of NREM sleep. After the evening 2-hour blue light application the power density of the EEG slow waves in deep sleep and the power of the waves of 2-4 Hz were reduced in the first cycle of sleep. Sleeping in an illuminated bedroom leads to the shallow sleep, too. Regular delay of sleep onset caused by an improper lighting and a lower depth of sleep reduces the amount of nightlong sleep and is one of the types of sleep deprivation, the consequences of which shall be borne by the whole body.

6

Właściwości światła niebieskiego

Janosik E., Marzec S.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2017

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T. 21, cz. 2

37--46

PL

Światło niebieskie stanowi składową widma promieniowania słonecznego oraz widm wielu źródeł sztucznych. Oprócz generowania wrażeń wzrokowych, ma zdolność oddziaływania na organizm człowieka jeszcze w innym charakterze. Doniesienia naukowe stwierdzają możliwość wpływu światła niebieskiego m.in. na przebieg rytmu biologicznego, na samopoczucie osób starszych, na proces leczenia zmian skórnych. Jednak najlepiej rozpoznanym aspektem oddziaływania światła niebieskiego na człowieka jest jego zdolność do wywoływania uszkodzeń siatkówki oka. W środowisku pracy, domowym i komunalnym stosuje się liczne źródła technologiczne czy źródła oświetleniowe nowej generacji, które w swoim widmie zawierają światło niebieskie, dlatego światło to można uznać za powszechnie występujący czynnik, mogący zagrażać zdrowiu człowieka. W artykule przytoczono wyniki przeglądu literatury oraz informacji w mediach o oddziaływaniu światła niebieskiego na człowieka, celem przybliżenia tego tematu szerszej grupie społeczeństwa.

EN

Blue light is a component of the sun and many artificial sources’ radiation spectrum. This light has capacity for not only creation of visual impression but also affecting the human organism otherwise. In accordance with scientific reports, the blue light may have effect on biological rhythm, elderly persons condition, treatment of skin diseases. But its capacity for retina’s injury is recognized in the best way. There are many technological or modern lighting sources at work, domestic and municipal environment, which emit blue light. We can therefore say that blue light is a common existing factor and unexpectedly may pose a threat to human health. In this article, the review of literature and media information about blue light are reported, to acquaint the society with this subject.

7

Duty hours and incidents in flight among commercial airline pilots

O'Hagan A. D., Issartel J., Fletcher R., Warrington G.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 2

165--172

EN

Introduction. Working long duty hours has often been associated with increased risk of incidents and accidents in transport industries. Despite this, information regarding the intermediate relationship between duty hours and incident risk is limited. This study aimed to test a work hours/incident model to identify the interplay of factors contributing to incidents within the aviation industry. Methods. Nine hundred and fifty-four European-registered commercial airline pilots completed a 30-item survey investigating self-report attitudes and experiences of fatigue. Path analysis was used to test the proposed model. Results. The fit indices indicated this to be a good fit model (χ2 = 11.066, df = 5, p = 0.05; Comparative Fit Index = 0.991; Normed Fit Index = 0.984; Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.962; Root Mean Square of Approximation = 0.036). Highly significant relationships were identified between duty hours and sleep disturbance (r = 0.18, p < 0.001), sleep disturbance and fatigue in the cockpit (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), and fatigue in the cockpit and microsleeps in the cockpit (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Discussion. A critical pathway from duty hours through to self-reported incidents in flight was identified. Further investigation employing both objective and subjective measures of sleep and fatigue is needed.

8

An infrared-based device for non-invasive monitoring of eyelid movement during sleep

Wojewnik P., Żmigrodzki J.

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 19, Iss. 2

85--91

EN

Increased movement of eyes and eyelids is characteristic of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage, making it an important indicator in sleep monitoring. A prototype device was designed to detect this activity in a non-invasive way by means of measuring infrared light intensity reflected off the eyelid. The system converts the light intensity into current through a photodetector, as well as performing analog signal processing and analog to digital conversion (ADC). The data is transmitted wirelessly to a computer, where the results can be displayed, stored and analyzed with dedicated software, which also provides control over the device. The hardware is embedded in a mask, which is put over the patient's eyes. User safety was considered in terms of mechanical and electrical dangers, as well as optical damage to the eyes. The device was tested on a sleeping subject.

9

The influence of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on sleep in parkinson's disease

Antczak J., Rakowicz M., Banach M., Derejko M., Sienkiewicz J., Zalewska U., Więcławska M., Jernajczyk W.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 31, no. 3

35-46

EN

Sleep disturbance is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study we investigated the effect of a novel therapeutic tool, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on sleep quality in PD patients. The study group consisted of 11 PD patients who underwent ten daily rTMS sessions at 15 Hz. Their sleep patterns were monitored with polysomnography. After the stimulation, non-REM stage-1 sleep and the number of nocturnal arousals decreased, thus improving sleep quality. These changes were probably related to the improvement of motor symptoms observed in UPDRS and in the 9 Hole peg test.

10

Increase in cortisol awakening response after two weeks of self-instruction for good sleep

Nomura S., Suguri K., Okamoto Y., Nomura T., Suzuki K., Tanaka H.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2010

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Vol. 15

169--175

EN

There is growing evidence suggesting that the magnitude of cortisol awaking response (CAR), which is characterized by a profound increase of salivary cortisol secretion after awakening, plausibly reflects the level of a chronic stress, social stress, anxiety, etc. In this study the alternation of CAR at the start and at the end of two weeks session of self-instruction for good sleep was investigated; by which we anticipated that the self-instruction for good sleep would bring-forth a positive affection for the participants, and would result in decline of cortisol awakening response (CAR). Nevertheless, as a result unexpectedly, subjects did not change their sleep and dietary habits along with the instruction, moreover the increased CAR was observed. This result implies that the suggestion of an impractical instruction would solely be taken as a stressful task for participants, even though they know that it is effective to improve their sleep. On the contrary, if one develops an instruction with practicable indication for daily life, it is highly possible to observe a positive effect of the instruction on CAR.

11

Możliwości zastosowania terapii infradźwiękowej w leczeniu zaburzeń snu

Kasprzak C.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2009

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Vol. 15, nr 4

390-392

PL

W pracy przedstawiono rozważania nad możliwością zastosowania infradźwięków, w celu poprawy jakości snu. Przesłanką do sformułowania i podjęcia wstępnych hipotez są wyniki uzyskane z badań nad wpływem fal akustycznych niskich częstotliwości na zmiany w morfologii sygnału EEG.

EN

In this paper, the possibility of application of infrasounds in sleep disorders, is discussed. The reason to perform such study is based on the results of examinations on the influence of low frequency acoustic waves on alterations of EEG signals morphology.

12

Combined Effects of Noise and Shift Work on Fatigue as a Function of Age

Saremi M., Rohmer O., Burgmeier A., Bonnefond A., Muzet A., Tassi P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2008

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Vol. 14, No. 4

387--394

EN

The study was conducted to analyse possible interactions between noise and shift work on fatigue as a function of age. In a large questionnaire survey, we assessed personal and environmental risk factors related to fatigue. Noise exposure at work (LAeq, 8hr) was measured with personal noise dosimetry. The sample included 254 day and shift workers, and was divided into 2 age groups (<40- and >40-year-olds). Noise exposure had a main effect on fatigue. The highest noise exposure resulted in an increase in the fatigue level of older shift workers. The quantity of sleep mainly depended on the type of shift and age. Our data suggest that the most important factor generating fatigue could be related to industrial noise exposure, a factor which seems to aggravate work-related fatigue generated in a synergic manner by shift work and ageing. Senior workers should be prevented from cumulating those occupational stressors.

13

Bedding textiles and their influence on thermal comfort and sleep

Amrit U. R.

Autex Research Journal

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2007

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Vol. 7, no. 4

252--254

EN

Human comfort perceptions in relation to textiles are influenced by tactile perceptions, moisture and thermal interactions. Studies in the thermal comfort of clothing have been done with instrumental techniques as well as with human subjects. There have also been many studies on influence of thermal comfort and sleep. This paper brings together some specific aspects of bedding textiles and their influence on thermal comfort and sleep.

14

Patogenny deficyt motoryczny snu i koncepcja prewencji oddziaływaniami harmonicznymi

Pokora M.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

|

2005

|

Vol. 1, no. 1/2

89--98

PL

Z różnicy pomiędzy warunkami regeneracji mózgu oraz pozostałych części ciała podczas nocnego wypoczynku wynika systemowy konflikt neurosomatyczny, wywołujący niekorzystny, wielogodzinny deficyt motoryczny snu (DMS). Doniesienia literaturowe potwierdzają zjawisko nasilonego występowania zgonów, a także ostrych objawów chorobowych w nocy oraz rano. Na tej podstawie oparta jest hipoteza, że powszechnie stosowane łóżka są zbyt statyczne, aby zapewniały efektywną i zarazem bezpieczną regenerację całego organizmu. Doświadczenia laboratoryjne potwierdzają pozytywny wpływ kołysania na stan żywej tkanki. Także potwierdzone klinicznie są oddziaływania łóżek kołyskowych na wentylację płuc, profilaktykę bezdechu, poprawę jakości snu, jak również polepszenie cyrkulacji płynów ustrojowych. Dla ograniczenia negatywnych skutków zjawiska DMS zaproponowano koncepcję stymulacji oscylacyjnej snu (SOS). Subtelne, harmoniczne oddziaływania inercyjne mogą przynieść w normie i w patologii korzystne efekty zdrowotne: polepszenie warunków regeneracji organizmu, unormowanie funkcji organów wewnętrznych i systemu nerwowego, a także ograniczenie bezsenności i dolegliwości bólowych.

EN

Different requirements for relax of brain during sleep and for the remaining body nocturnal restoration create systemic neurosomatic conflict which generates many-hour-long sleep motoric deficiency (SMD) unfavourable for health. Reports confirm the enhanced number of deaths and acute health crises during the night and in the morning. The hypothesis based on this phenomenon is that commonly used beds are far too static to secure an effective, safe restoration of the whole organism. Laboratory experience cited corroborates positive influence of rocking on condition of the biologic tissue. Also clinically confirmed are assistive features of the rocking beds for breathing function, for sleep apnea prevention, for improvement of sleep quality and for body fluids circulation. To reduce negative effects of the SMD phenomenon, the concept of sleep oscillatory stimulation (SOS) is proposed. Subtle, harmonic inertial impacts should bring significant health benefits both in normal conditions and pathology, e.g. improvement of conditions for body nocturnal restoration, conditioning of functions of inner organs and nervous system, as well as reduction of sleeplessness and pain.

15

The Effects of the Level of Alertness During the Rest Period on Subsequent Performance

Hirose A., Nagasaka A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2003

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Vol. 9, No. 4

479--490

EN

The aim of this study was to examine how to take an effective rest to prevent a decline in alertness at work. The relationship between alertness during the rest period and subsequent task performance were investigated. The electroencephalogram (EEG) during the rest period was classified into 3 types, and these types had a significant effect on performance after the rest period. Type 1 (increasing in theta, alpha 2, and beta 1 power) was the best one for carrying out the task, whereas performance gradually declined in Type 3 (no change in EEG activity). In the case of Type 1, the method that would relieve sleep inertia bad a more positive impact on performance after the rest period.