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1

Zeolite separation process - description of the phenomenon, taking into account research on a national and global scale

Wałowski Grzegorz

Polish Technical Review

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2026

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No. 1

16--21

EN

This article presents the properties of zeolites, their applications in separation, and examples of pressure swing adsorption studies. The article highlights the potential development of zeolite separation and utilization technologies for heat storage applications.

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono właściwości zeolitów, ich zastosowania w procesach separacji oraz przykłady badań dotyczących adsorpcji z przemianą ciśnienia. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na potencjał rozwoju technologii separacji i wykorzystania zeolitów w zastosowaniach związanych z magazynowaniem ciepła.

2

Design of coreless coils with a constant force of attraction

Bednarek Stanisław

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2025

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R. 101, nr 9

257--263

EN

The article deals with the design of coils with practical applications, among others, for the separation of components of mixtures using a magnetic field, especially by magnetochromatography. For this purpose, a constant value of the force exerted by the magnetic field on a mixture component or element placed inside the coil is assumed. This condition is met by coils in which the product of the field intensity and its gradient is constant. An equation was derived to calculate the number of turns in successive layers of such a coil. A coil was made according to these calculations and the field intensity was measured. The differences between the results of measurements and calculations according to the design did not exceed ± 3%.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy projektowania cewek, mających praktyczne zastosowania m.in. do rozdzielania składników mieszanin przy użyciu pola magnetycznego, zwłaszcza metodą magnetochromatografii. W tym celu przyjęto stałą wartość siły wywieranej przez pole magnetyczne na składnik mieszaniny lub element umieszczony wewnątrz cewki. Ten warunek spełniają cewki, w których iloczyn natężenia pola i jego gradientu jest stały. Wyprowadzono równanie, pozwalające obliczyć ilość zwojów w kolejnych warstwach takiej cewki. Wykonano cewkę według tych obliczeń i przeprowadzono pomiary natężenia pola. Różnice między wynikami pomiarów i obliczeń według projektu nie przekroczyły ± 3%.

3

Use of manganese sulfide as a sustainable precipitant for the separation of Co(II) and Ni(II) by sulfide precipitation from spent lithium-ion battery leachates

Ho Huu Loi, Lee Man Seung

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2025

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Vol. 61, iss. 5

art. no. 213561

EN

The rising uptake for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) requires the need for effective recycling methods to recycle critical metals like cobalt, nickel, and manganese while minimizing environmental harm. In general, hydrometallurgical treatments of spent LIBs result in leachates that contain Co(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II) with diverse concentration ratio. By utilizing the difference in the solubility products among CoS, NiS and MnS, it is possible to simultaneously precipitate CoS and NiS, leaving Mn(II) in the filtrate. This study employed MnS as a cost-effective and eco-friendly precipitant for selective precipitation of Co(II) and Ni(II) sulfide from simulated solution containing Mn(II). Among several factors, the influence of solution pH, MnS dosage and reaction time was found critical on the precipitation of Co(II) and Ni(II) at room temperature. Under optimized conditions: pH 2.0, a MnS/(Co + Ni) molar ratio of 10, agitation speed of 400 rpm at 25℃, use of MnS led to complete precipitation of CoS and NiS, leaving Mn(II) in the filtrate with minimal contamination. Moreover, common ion effect and encapsulation effect were observed to affect the dissolution behavior of MnS during the precipitation. Unlike traditional sulfide sources like Na₂S and NaHS, MnS provides a controlled release of sulfide ions, addressing challenges like the formation of colloidal particle. Our results indicated that MnS demonstrated its potential as a precipitant for the selective precipitation of Co(II) and Ni(II) from the acidic media containing Mn(II).

4

Enhancing the depression of pyrite flotation with potassium permanganate and 120 kHz ultrasonication

Du Lingpan, Li Jiangli, Wang Menglai, Zhao Fengting, Lu Chang, Cao Qinbo, Shen Peilun

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2025

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Vol. 61, iss. 5

art. no. 210737

EN

The separation of pyrite (FeS2) from chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) by froth flotation remains challenging in high-sulfur ore systems. Although potassium permanganate (KMnO4) strongly depresses pyrite flotation, further improvement of its depression capacity is necessary. This study proposes a novel technique combining 120 kHz ultrasonication and KMnO4 to inhibit FeS2 flotation. Flotation experiments evaluated the ultrasonic effects on FeS2 depression, whereas surface characterization clarified the underlying mechanisms for the FeS2-CuFeS2 system through contact angle measurement, zeta potential analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Flotation tests demonstrated that 1 min of combined conditioning effectively reduced pyrite recovery to 27.81%, significantly lower than that with KMnO4 alone (4 min). CuFeS2 flotation by xanthate was unaffected after ultrasonication. Zeta potential analysis revealed that ultrasonication markedly increased FeS2 surface oxidation, thus reducing xanthate adsorption. Furthermore, FeO, FeOOH, and SO42‒ formed on the FeS2 surface after combined treatment, explaining the effective depression. These findings broaden ultrasound applications in mineral separation.

5

Comparative analysis on washability indices of anthracite coal by using MCDM methods

Sokolović Jovica, Stanujkić Dragiša, Štirbanović Zoran, Ilić Ivana

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2025

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

art. no. 199985

EN

This paper presents the results of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods for determining the optimal separation density in the gravity separation of anthracite coal, and also suggests an appropriate MCDM model for this purpose. Five separation densities were selected as the output and seven coal washability indices were used as the input based on the washability results of coal. The SAW, TOPSIS, WASPAS, WISP, and CoCoSo methods were used in this study. The evaluation indices of the five methods were averaged as a new index. Finally, alternative A4 (i.e., the optimal separation density is 1650 kg/m3) was selected as the final separation density.

6

Chemia nieorganiczna : 80 lat historii w UMCS

Kołodyńska Dorota, Hubicki Zbigniew

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2024

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[Z] 78, 9-10

1079--1104

EN

The article describes the history, origin and development of inorganic chemistry at the Marie Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. The profiles of the first heads of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry and the history, research topics and didactic and organisational achievements of the unit are presented.

7

Separation of Co(II), Mn(II), and Ni(II) by solvent extraction with Cyanex 272 and D2EHPA from the sulfuric acid leaching solution of spent lithium-ion batteries

Yun Seol Ho, Wen Jiang Xian, Lee Man Seung

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 5

art. no. 193742

EN

Spent lithium-ion batteries contain valuable metals such as cobalt, lithium, manganese and nickel. Smelting reduction of spent LIBs at high temperature results in metallic alloys. Therefore, it is necessary to recover the valuable metal ions present in the sulfuric acid leaching solutions of the metallic alloys. In this work, solvent extraction experiments were performed to separate the three metal ions, Co(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II) present in the leaching solutions of the metallic alloys. Synthetic sulfate solutions were prepared and commercial organophosphorous extractants were employed. First, both Co(II) and Mn(II) were completely extracted in one stage by using 40% saponified 0.3 M Cyanex 272, leaving Ni(II) in the raffinate. The small amount of Ni(II) co-extracted into Cyanex 272 was removed by two stages of cross-current scrubbing using pure CoSO4 solution. The effect of pH and CoSO4 concentration of the scrubbing solution on the scrubbing of Ni(II) was investigated. The Co(II) and Mn(II) present in the scrubbed Cyanex 272 were completely stripped by 0.05 M H2SO4 solution. Batch simulation experiments for the three stage of counter-current extraction with 1 M D2EHPA verified that Mn(II) and Co(II) were completely separated by selective extraction of Mn(II) into D2EHPA, leaving Co(II) in the raffinate. By consecutive extraction with Cyanex 272 and D2EHPA, pure solutions of Co(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II) with purity higher than 99.9% can be recovered from the starting solutions. A process was proposed for the treatment of sulfuric acid leaching solutions of spent LIBs containing Co(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II) by solvent extraction.

8

Characterization and concentration of U, Nb, Pb, Ag, and Fe from the Huayangchuan polymetallic ore

Cheng Hongwei, Lv Zihu, Wu Dongyin, Zhao Dengkui

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 2

art. no. 188070

EN

The separation and recovery of valuable metals from the Huayangchuan uranium polymetallic ore was investigated based on mineralogical research and mineral processing experiments. The most promising valuable elements in the ore, according to mineralogical studies, are U, Nb, and Pb. 95.75% of U and 93.00% of Nb are found in betafite, 46.85% of Pb is present in galena, 52.01% of Pb occurs in cerussite, and associated Ag exists primarily in galena. The beneficiation process involving gravity concentration, magnetic separation, and flotation was determined based on the mineralogical characteristics of the ore. The U-Nb concentrate with U grade of 3578 ppm and recovery of 83.18 %, Nb2O5 grade of 4391 ppm and recovery of 74.55 % can be obtained, and five elements including U, Nb, Pb, Ag, and Fe are recovered. Compared with the previous beneficiation experimental process, the flowsheet is greatly simplified and the beneficiation recovery efficiency has been improved. The results of this investigation can help to address the gaps in the processing of low-grade uranium deposits with similar mineralogical properties.

9

Advancements in lithium-ion battery recycling technologies: Exploring module-scale crushing and air separation techniques

Choi Junhyun, Lee Kyeonghyeon, Kim Kwanho, Lee Hoon

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 6

art. no. 199782

EN

The rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage systems has driven a surge in the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), creating an urgent need for efficient and sustainable recycling technologies. As LIBs reach their end-of-life, the recovery of key materials, such as electrodes, separators, cell pouches, and plastics, is critical for both environmental protection and resource conservation. This study presents a novel zig-zag air separation technique, integrated with module-scale crushing, to optimize the recycling of crushed LIB modules. By fine-tuning particle size and airflow rates, the method effectively separates components larger than 2 mm, achieving recovery rates exceeding 95% for electrodes and cell pouches, and over 97% for plastics larger than 3.35 mm. The variability in plastic recovery highlights the necessity of precise particle size control. This approach not only enhances recycling efficiency but also reduces contamination risks and minimizes the burden on downstream processing steps. The findings demonstrate the potential of this technique as a scalable and sustainable solution to address the challenges of LIB recycling, offering a pathway to greater material circularity and reduced environmental impact.

10

A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of copper metal and nickel hydroxide from the aqua regia leaching solutions of printed circuit boards

Nguyen Thi Nhan Hau, Wen Jiangxian, Lee Man Seung

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 4

art. no. 191551

EN

Leaching solutions of printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain noble and base metal ions. The precious metal ions present in the leaching solutions of PCBs could be separated by cementation with copper metal. After recovery of precious metal ions by cementation, the filtrate contains Cu(II) together with base metal ions like Al(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Ni(II), Sn(II), and Zn(II). In this work, separation experiments were conducted to recover Cu(II) and Ni(II) from the filtrate. First, copper ions were completely separated from the filtrate by chemical reduction with hydrazine at the following conditions: a molar ratio of 8 for hydrazine to Cu(II), 20°C, 500 rpm, and 20 mins. By adding sodium oxalate to the solution after separation of Cu(II), most of the Ni(II) and 38% of the Zn(II) were co-precipitated at 20°C, 60 mins, 500 rpm, and a molar ratio of 20 for sodium oxalate to nickel. After dissolving the coprecipitates of Ni(II) and Zn(II) oxalates in a 0.5 M HCl solution, the Zn(II) was completely removed from the solution by a five-stage cross-current extraction with 2.5 M Cyanex 272. Nickel hydroxides were then recovered from the raffinate by precipitation with NaOH. The purity of the copper metal and nickel hydroxides was higher than 99%. A process was proposed to recover Au(III), Pd(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) from the leaching solutions of PCBs.

11

On Iiro Honkala's contributions to identifying codes

Hudry Olivier, Junnila Ville, Lobstein Antoine

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2024

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Vol. 191, nr 3-4

165--196

EN

A set C of vertices in a graph G = (V, E) is an identifying code if it is dominating and any two vertices of V are dominated by distinct sets of codewords. This paper presents a survey of Iiro Honkala’s contributions to the study of identifying codes with respect to several aspects: complexity of computing an identifying code, combinatorics in binary Hamming spaces, infinite grids, relationships between identifying codes and usual parameters in graphs, structural properties of graphs admitting identifying codes, and number of optimal identifying codes.

12

Chemical reaction as a method for the separation of biologically-derived carboxylic acids

Rukowicz Beata

Chemical and Process Engineering : New Frontiers

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2024

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Vol. 45, nr 4

art. no. e75

EN

The biotechnological production of organic compounds using renewable carbon sources is an approach consistent with sustainable development and green technologies. The development of these processes requires refinement of both the upstream stage, including the selection of microorganisms and the use of waste raw materials, and the downstream stage. The fermentation broth contains not only the main product but also unreacted substrates and by-products. The paper presents computer simulations that analyse the possibility of using esterification for the separation of lactic acid from acetic acid. The standard distillation approach does not allow for a high degree of separation, but a distillation step is possible for esters of both acids. As a result, high-purity ethyl lactate is obtained and, by introducing a hydrolysis step, pure lactic acid. The issue was analysed using Chemcad software with the UNIFAC thermodynamic model.

13

Study on flotation behavior and mechanism of separating chalcopyrite and Molybdenite with ethyl mercaptoglycolate as inhibitor

Yang Xiao-Feng, Xu-Zhao, Liu Yao-Yao

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 2

art. no. 162824

EN

The effect of ethyl thioglycolate organic small molecule inhibitors on chalcopyrite molybdenite flotation behaviour is investigated via single mineral micro-flotation tests, zeta potential tests, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Results of the flotation test indicate that ethyl thioglycolate organic small-molecule inhibitors can effectively separate Cu and Mo and selectively inhibit chalcopyrite under weak alkaline conditions. Infrared spectroscopy and XPS analysis show that hydrophilic functional groups C=O and -COOH in the ethyl thioglycolate organic small molecules can chemically adsorb onto the chalcopyrite surface. Moreover, ethyl thioglycolate has no obvious effect on zeta potential of molybdenite. Therefore, ethyl thioglycolate can effectively separate chalcopyrite and molybdenite.

14

Separation of molybdenite from chalcopyrite, using graphene oxide as a novel depressant

Namiranian Afshin, Noaparast Mohammad, Tonkaboni Sied Ziaedin Shafaei

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 68, no. 1

71--86

EN

In this research, graphene oxide was introduced as an efficient flotation reagent for the selective separation of molybdenite from chalcopyrite. The performance of graphene oxide and its adsorption mechanism on chalcopyrite were investigated by flotation tests, FTIR spectra, and XPS measurements. First, graphene oxide was synthesised, and then its performance was evaluated by SEM, XRD, and EDX. Flotation tests were carried out in a hallimond flotation cell with a volume of 300 ml. Optimum flotation values were achieved at pH = 9 by adding 250 g/t of PAX (Potassium Amyl Xanthate) as a collector and 50 g/t of A65 (Poly Propylene Glycol) as a frother. The results showed high recovery, around 80% for molybdenite, while chalcopyrite was depressed in high amounts by employing 11 kg/t of graphene oxide as a depressant. Compared to common chalcopyrite depressants such as NaHS, Na2S, and C2H3NaO2S, graphene oxide had a higher potency in depressing, which can be applied as a green-depressant in the separation of molybdenite from chalcopyrite by the flotation process. Also, the validity of the depressing effect on chalcopyrite was verified by XPS and FTIR spectra.

15

Separation of ampicillin on polar-endcapped phase : development of the HPLC method to achieve its correct dosage in cardiac surgery

Kubickova Vendula, Racova Zuzana, Strojil Jan, Santavy Petr, Urbanek Karel

Acta Chromatographica

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2023

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Vol. 35, no. 1

1--9

EN

The accurate, simple, and selective reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been established and validated for the determination of an antibiotic ampicillin (AMP) in human blood plasma. The SPE extraction was used for the sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was accomplished by a mobile phase containing 15 mM monopotassium phosphate solution of pH 3.3 and methanol (75:25, v/v) in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 1.4 mL min⁻¹ at 30 °C. The separation was evaluated on a column with a new polar-endcapped C18 stationary phase Arion® Polar C18 or well-known phase Luna® Omega Polar C18. Excellent linearity (R2 0.9998) was shown over range 10–300 mg L⁻¹ with mean percentage recovery 90%. Peak shapes were symmetrical in both columns, Arion® Polar C18 and Luna® Omega Polar C18, with asymmetry factor of 1.0 and 1.4, tailing factor of 1.0 and 1.2, and retention factor of 4.6 and 5.6, respectively. The Arion® Polar C18 was almost 1.4-fold more effective than Luna® Omega Polar C18 phase. The LOQ for ampicillin was achieved 10 mg L⁻¹ for Luna® Omega Polar C18 and 5 mg L⁻¹ for Arion® Polar C18 using 20 µL of a solution containing 0.24 mg mL⁻¹ of cephalexin as an internal standard. A number of articles dealing with the determination of ampicillin is limited, therefore, this study showed the HPLC method suitable for the determination of AMP in human blood plasma from patient who underwent elective cardiac surgical revascularization. In addition, the determination of AMP was also performed for the first time using an Arion® Polar C18 column, which effectively separated AMP from other compounds present in human blood plasma. This new polar-endcapped phase can help in separation of polar antibiotics or other polar compounds, which are unsuccessfully separated on conventional C18 column, and thus can help during method development.

16

Recovery of pure palladium compound from the spent electroplating solutions by hydrometallurgical method

Nguyen Viet Nhan Hoa, Song Si Jeong, Lee Man Seung

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 1

88--100

EN

Electroplating of palladium (Pd) is practiced in the manufacture of electronic materials. The increasing demand for Pd metal necessitates the recovery of Pd(II) from the spent electroplating solutions. In this work, the recovery of Pd compound was studied from the cemented Pd by zinc (Zn) metal from spent electroplating solutions. Initially, the selective extraction ability of ionic liquids synthesized from commercial extractants for Pd(II) over Zn(II) from the synthetic HCl solution was investigated. Pd(II) was selectively extracted over Zn(II) from 9 M HCl solution by ALi-CY301(Nmethyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic) and by ALi-I (N-methylN,N,N-trioctylammonium iodide) from weak HCl solution (pH 1). Since 9 M HCl was needed to completely dissolve Pd from the cemented Pd, ALi-CY301 was employed for the separation of Pd(II) and Zn(II) from the real HCl leaching solution of the cemented Pd. Two-stages counter-current extraction of the real HCl solution with ALi-CY301 resulted in selective extraction of Pd(II). Pd(II) was effectively stripped from the loaded ALi-CY301 by a mixture of HCl and NaClO. After oxidizing Pd(II) in the stripping solution to Pd(IV) by adding NaClO, Pd(IV) compound was synthesized by adding NH4Cl as a precipitant. By comparing leaching and extraction efficiency between hydrochloric and sulfuric acid solutions, a hydrometallurgical process consisted of HCl leaching, extraction with ALiCY301 and precipitation with NH4Cl was recommended for the recovery of pure (NH4)2PdCl6 from the cemented Pd.

17

Ultrasonic treatment and its applicability for the selective treatment of borax clayey waste sludge

Gürsoy Yaşar Hakan, Kurama Haldun

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 5

80--90

EN

Sludge treatment is one of the most difficult challenges for many industrial plants. In recent years, the use of ultrasound power has received considerable attention as one of the increasing tool for managing of this problem. Power ultrasound enhances chemical and physical changes in a liquid medium through the generation and subsequent destruction of cavitations bubbles. Therefore, the increased friction and stress in solution resultant with cleaning of the solid surfaces and dispersion of bonded/aggregated solid particles. In this study, the basic fundamentals of ultrasonic treatment and process variables were briefly overviewed. The study was also extended with preliminary analyses performed to determine its ability on the extraction of major and trace elements from Kırka Borax Concentrator tailings mainly boron as boric acid and Li as Li reach pregnant solution (PLS). Prior and after the sonification tests, physical, chemical and morphological analyses were carried out to determine the treatment performance. It was found that sonication leads the liberation of boron minerals from sludge and with the help of temperature they are dissolved and re-crystallized on clay substrate during cooling stage. The extraction test performed with these crystals revealed that Li-rich solution (that can be further use as source of lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide production), and boric acid could be produced with easy and low cost beneficiation method.

18

Physical and chemical processes of Abu Rusheid cataclastic rocks for recovering niobium, zirconium and uranium compounds

Abdellah Walid Mahmoud, Khalafalla Mahmoud Sayed, Abu Khoziem Hanaa Abdelaal, El Hussain Omneya Mouhamed

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 5

137--152

EN

Cataclastic rocks of Abu Rushied area (South Eastern Desert, Egypt) characterized by the presence of niobium, tantalum, zirconium minerals as well as uranium-thorium minerals. Physical upgrading process was applied using gravity and magnetic separation techniques to concentrate these economic minerals mainly to obtain the magnetic niobium concentrate at 0.2- 0.5 ampere, beside the non-magnetic Zr and U at 1.5 ampere. The chemical processing upon niobium concentrate was performed using NH4F roasting process at 250ºC followed by selective precipitation of Nb as Nb-sulfide. An alkaline fusion using NaOH was applied upon zirconium concentrate at the optimum conditions of: zircon concentrate/ NaOH mass ratio 1/2, fusion temperature of 650ºC and 2.5h fusion time followed by selective precipitation of Zr as Zr- tartrate. Finally, two flowsheets were drawn summarizing the whole recovery processes.

19

Improvement of metal separation process from synthetic hydrochloric acid leaching solution of spent lithium ion batteries by solvent extraction and ion exchange

Nguyen Viet Nhan Hoa, Lee Man Seung

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

|

Vol. 57, iss. 4

1--17

EN

Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are good secondary resources for recycle and reuse. To develop a process for the separation of Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Li(I) with high purity from spent LIBs and circumvent some drawbacks of the previous work, solvent extraction and ion exchange experiments were done in this work. The synthetic hydrochloric acid leaching solution of 3 M was employed. Compared to Aliquat 336 (N-Methyl- N, N, N-trioctyl ammonium chloride), extraction with Cyanex 301 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid) led to selective extraction of Cu(II) over other metal ions. Employing ion exchange with TEVA-SCN resin can completely separate Co(II) over Mn(II). After adjusting the pH of Co(II) free raffinate to 3, Mn(II) was quantitatively extracted by the mixture of Alamine 336 (mixture of tri-octyl/decyl amine) and PC 88A (2-ethylhexyl hydrogen-2-ethylhexylphosphonate) with two stage cross-current extraction. The synthesized ionic liquid (ALi-CY) was used for complete extraction of Ni(II), whereas Li(I) remained in final raffinate. The metal ions in the loaded organic phase were completely stripped with the proper agents (5% aqua regia for Cu(II), 5% NH3 for Co(II), weak H2SO4 solution for Mn(II) and Ni(II) stripping, respectively). The experimental results revealed that purity of the metal ions in stripping solution was higher than 99.9%. A flowsheet was suggested to separate metal ions from the HCl leaching solutions of spent LIBs.

20

Comparing automatic baseflow separation filters on three watersheds in the urbanised area of East Java, Indonesia

Indarto Indarto, Hardiansyah Mujiono, Sujarwo Mohamad Wawan

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

|

no. 50

130--140

EN

Baseflow is the primary source of water for irrigation and other water needs during prolonged dry periods; accurate and rapid estimation of baseflow is therefore crucial for water resource allocation. This research aims to estimate baseflow contribution during dry periods in three small watersheds in East Java: Surabaya-Perning (114 km2), Lamong-Simoanggrok (235 km2), and Bangsal-Kedunguneng (26 km2). Six recursive digital filters (RDFs) algorithms are explored using a procedure consisting of calibration, validation, evaluation and interpretation. In this study, the period of July to September is considered as the peak of the dry season. Moreover, data for the period 1996 to 2005 is used to calibrate the algorithms. By yearly averaging, values are obtained for the parameters and then used to test performance during the validation period from 2006 to 2015. Statistical analysis, flow duration curves and hydrographs are used to evaluate and compare the performance of each algorithm. The results show that all the filters explored can be applied to estimate baseflow in the region. However, the Lyne–Hollick (with RMSE = 0.022, 0.125, 0.010 and R2 = 0.951, 0.968, 0.712) and exponentially weighted moving average or EWMA (with RMSE = 0.022, 0.124, 0.009 and R2 = 0.957, 0.968, 0.891) for the three sub-watersheds versions give the best performance.