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Zależność między geometrycznymi i kinematycznymi parametrami osuwisk w Karpatach na podstawie pomiarów inklinometrycznych

Warmuz Bartłomiej, Nescieruk Piotr

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2026

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Vol. 74, nr 3

269--280

EN

The article presents the results of investigations into active slip surfaces document¬ed through inclinometric measurements conducted within the framework of the SOPO project (the Landslide Counteracting System). The study analysed the depths of deformation zones in inclinometer columns and their relationship to the size and vertical extent of landslides. The deepest B Warmuz P Neścieruk slip surfaces were identified in Leszna Górna (27 and 24.5 m b.g.l.) and Witanowice (26.6 mb.g.l.), whereas in most cases they occurred at depths of 4-15 m. No clear correlation was found between landslide dimensions and the slip surface depth. In terms of deformation dynamics, the landslides were classified as continuous, quasi-continuous, and incidental. Subsurface monitoring revealed that continuous and quasi-continuous landslides typically moved at rates of 0.1-2 mm/month, with a maximum value of 14.2 mm/month recorded in the central part of the Szymbark-Zapadle landslide. For incidental landslides, displacement rates were difficult to determine. The findings indicate that there is no distinct correlation between landslide size, slip surface depth, and average deformation rate.

2

Zagrożenia geologiczne w Polsce w 2024 r.

Wojciechowski Tomasz, Laskowicz Izabela, Warmuz Bartłomiej, Marciniec Paweł, Wódka Marcin, Kamieniarz Sylwester, Uścinowicz Grzegorz, Kos Jarosław, Karkowska Kamila, Przyłucka Maria

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2026

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Vol. 74, nr 3

321--335

EN

The paper presents an overview of the most important manifestations of geodynamic activity in Poland in 2024, with particular emphasis on landslides, sinkholes, coastal erosion processes along the Baltic Sea, seismic events, and other ground surface deformations. In 2024, the Polish Geological Survey received nearly 100 reports of potential landslide activity, of which 61 cases were confirmed as new or reactivated landslides. At the same time, monitoring was conducted at 60 landslides within the SOPO project and at an 14 additional landslides as part of the Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute ’s (PIG-PIB) in-house activities. The monitoring programme included GNSS, inclinometric, extensometric, piezometric, photogrammetric, interferometric, and laser scanning measurements. The monitoring results indicate that the activity state of most of the observed landslides did not change significantly compared to the previous year and most of the landslides remained stable; however, locally significant displacements were recorded, among others in Kasinka Mala, Cieszyn, Mala, Siedleszczany, Szymbark, and Grybów. In 2024, the third stage of the SOPO project was completed, resulting in a comprehensive Maps of Landslides and Terrains Prone to Mass Movements (MOTZ) for the entire Carpathians and selected areas outside the Carpathians. In total, more than 12.8 thousand landslides were inventoried in 11 Carpathian municipalities and in 17 counties outside the Carpathians. Particularly high susceptibility to mass movements was identified in the Tyczyn municipality. Sinkholes constituted another major geological hazard in 2024, especially in the Olkusz region, where 1,260features were inventoried, mainly related to historical zinc and lead ore mining. Along the Baltic Sea coast, erosion intensified, especially in the Lubiatowo area, where shoreline retreat of up to 9.3 m was recorded in a single year. Seismic monitoring recorded 1,513 local seismic events, almost exclusively associa-ted with induced seismicity. Interferometric analyses confirmed the occurrence of continuous ground surface deformations at 29 locations, mainly related to mining activity. The presented results highlight the importance of systematic monitoring and the integration of geological, geodetic, and geophysical data for assessing and mitigating geodynamic hazards in Poland.

3

Wzgórza Krzesławickie w Krakowie jako przykład aktywnych ruchów masowych ziemi na obszarze o rozpoznanych uwarunkowaniach geologiczno-górniczych

Czernek Marek

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2026

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Vol. 74, nr 3

282--296

EN

Understanding geological and mining conditions has always played a crucial role in determining possible spatial development optioUnderstanding geological and mining conditions has always played a crucial role in determining possible spatial development options for cities and villages. Knowing where mass movements occur, or where traces of current or past mining are evident, always poses a challenge when constructing buildings. This type of information not only helps to select appropriate structural solutions for the planned structures, but also mitigates the risk of damage through the implementation of rational spatial management policies. The scale of damage resulting from geodynamic phenomena in urban areas can be effectively mitigated through mechanisms designed to prevent such events. Local authorities responsible for shaping the development of specific areas should always base their actions on a solid foundation of knowledge about the challenging geological and mining conditions identified in those areas. The proper implementation of these tasks requires the diligent work of the local government body responsible for recording such conditions, as well as subsequent activities involving periodic observations of identified geodynamic phenomena. This paper presents all such actions using the example of mechanisms developed and implemented in the Kraków area.ns for cities and villages. Knowing where mass movements occur, or where traces of current or past mining are evident, always poses a challenge when constructing buildings. This type of information not only helps to select appropriate structural solutions for the planned structures, but also mitigates the risk of damage through the implementation of rational spatial management policies. The scale of damage resulting from geodynamic phenomena in urban areas can be effectively mitigated through mechanisms designed to prevent such events. Local authorities responsible for shaping the development of specific areas should always base their actions on a solid foundation of knowledge about the challenging geological and mining conditions identified in those areas. The proper implementation of these tasks requires the diligent work of the local government body responsible for recording such conditions, as well as subsequent activities involving periodic observations of identified geodynamic phenomena. This paper presents all such actions using the example of mechanisms developed and implemented in the Kraków area.

4

Uwarunkowania występowania osuwisk w obszarze zasięgu lądolodu zlodowacenia wisły w Polsce

Grabowski Dariusz, Kaczmarska-Ploch Paulina, Kwecko Krzysztof, Rubinkiewicz Jacek, Kurowski Piotr, Karwacki Krzysztof, Parafiniuk Mateusz, Mianowski Rafał

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2026

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Vol. 74, nr 3

219--232

EN

The article presents the results of study carried out between 2010 and 2025 as part of the implementation of the Map of Landslides and Terrains Prone to Mass Movements (MOTZ) in the area covered by the Vistulian ice sheet. It shows the geomorphological, geological and hydrographic conditions affecting the distribution and development of 4,219 landslides in the late glacial area. All landslides were assigned to seven distinct groups of Quaternary landforms. It was found that the vast majority of them (both in terms of number and area) occur within river valley slopes and subglacial troughs, with a smaller number found on the cliff coast. The highest concentrations of landslides - including on the slopes of the Vistula (e.g. the Lake Włocławek), Oder, Brda and Lyna valleys, and on the cliff between Gdynia and Jastrzębia Góra - are undoubtedly also related to the lithologically diverse geological structure. The formation and development of landslides are affected mostly by river erosion, as well as by sea abrasion of the cliff and abrasion caused by wind waves in the Lake Włocławek. Outside the Quaternary hydrographic system, which consists of river valleys, ice-marginal valleys, tunnel valleys, and a dense network of erosion cuts and periodic water valleys, landslides occur sporadically, in a scattered form, and do not form larger concentrations. A summary of the average morphometric parameters of landslides shows that the highest values for length, width, and slope of landslides, height and slope of the main escarpment, and height of the foreshore occur among the forms documented on the slopes of the Lake Włocławek and the seaside cliff.

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Osuwiska w krajobrazie pogórniczym odkrywek węgla brunatnego wschodniej Wielkopolski (rejon Konina i Turku) – rozmieszczenie i uwarunkowania rozwoju

Karwacki Krzysztof, Rubinkiewicz Jacek

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2026

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Vol. 74, nr 3

305--320

EN

The paper presents the distribution and controlling factors of landslide development in the post-mining landscape of open-pit lignite mines in eastern Wielkopolska (the Konin and Turek regions). The analysis covers anthropogenic landforms created by surface mining, including external and internal dumps, inactive pit slopes, and the margins of artificial water reservoirs. Based on field mapping and analysis of digital terrain models (DTM), 279 landslides with a total area exceeding 229 ha were inventoried. The highest concentration and extent of landslides occur on external dumps, where more than 70% of all forms are developed. The analysis excluded that the landslide connection extends with the height of the dumps, but this release is linear and was determined in detail by the lithology of the overburden and the hydrogeological conditions. The highest landslide index values were recorded on dumps containing significant proportions of clayey deposits, which favour the formation of slip surfaces and increased pore-water pressure. Analysis of DTMs from 2014-2024 revealed contemporary activity at only a few sites, indicating that most of the landslides are currently in a stabilization stage, and their reactivation is local and related mainly to changes in water conditions and anthropogenic interference.

6

Osuwiska i przeciwdziałanie ruchom masowym w województwie podkarpackim

Zimnal Ziemowit

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2026

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Vol. 74, nr 3

343--347

EN

The paper presents a summary of information on the occurrence of landslides in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. As part of counteracting mass movements, landslide stabilization and the repair or reconstruction of damaged public infrastructure facilities is being carried out. Protection works were carried out on 160 landslides in the years 2004-2025. The works were financed by local government units, with significant financial support in the form of subsidies from the state budget reserve. The total value of subsidies amounted to over PLN 269 million.

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A modified Distributed Scatterer InSAR method: A case study on potential landslide body detection in Faer Town, China

Nie Zhibo, Ding Mintao, Ding Shijun, Wang Xvli, Jiang Keru, Zhang Jinfeng

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2025

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Vol. 119

99--108

EN

Landslides near critical infrastructure, such as power transmission lines, represent significant safety and economic risks, especially in regions prone to geohazards. Early detection and monitoring are essential to mitigate potential damage. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology has become a powerful tool for detecting slow-moving landslides and monitoring millimetre-scale ground displacements over time. Among the various satellite data sources, Sentinel-1 provides consistent and high-resolution data, advancing research in landslide kinematics and instability prediction. However, accurate delineation of landslide-affected areas remains particularly challenging in densely vegetated regions, where signal decorrelation limits traditional methods. To address these limitations, this study introduces a modified Distributed Scatterer InSAR (DSI) method designed to assess landslide velocity more effectively. The proposed approach incorporates a regularization technique into the covariance matrix estimation process, reducing phase estimation bias and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of displacement time series. The modified DSI method was applied to the Faer Town landslide in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Results from synthetic and real-data experiments demonstrate significant improvements in the accuracy and reliability of landslide velocity detection, with a higher density of reliable measurement points compared to traditional approaches. These findings highlight the method's potential for enhancing landslide monitoring and risk mitigation in challenging environments.

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Ruchy masowe ziemi – realizacja obowiązków i zadań przynależnych do organu administracji samorządowej

Czernek Marek

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 6

555--566

EN

The paper aims to illustrate the activities of a county-level geologist, considering the implementation of tasks resulting from both the current legal order and the need to raise awareness among residents landslide phenomena, their causal factors, and how to approach areas where such conditions have already been identified. An important element of the article is to present the work of the administrative body aimed at consolidating its own knowledge, in the light of the need for continuous improvement, which is crucial in the face of the challenges posed to local governments. The article also presents an overview of legal changes that have occurred over the last 20 years, relating to the obligations of the environmental protection body, within the scope of tasks related to maintaining the register of areas prone to mass movements and those where such movements occur.

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The application of Vetiver grass in natural disaster mitigation and environmental protection in Vietnam:A bibliometric analysis and literature review

Phan Truc, Nguyen Tan, Pham Thang, Luong Bich, Nguyen Huong

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 2, no. 1

602--613

EN

Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides or Chrysopogon zizanioides) is a versatile tropical plant widely recognized for its applications in environmental protection and natural disaster mitigation. In Vietnam, where natural disasters such as floods and landslides are frequent, particularly along highways, Vetiver grass has proven to be an effective bioengineering solution. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications and benefits of Vetiver grass in preventing soil erosion and stabilizing slopes along Vietnam’s transportation systems. A bibliometric analysis of 555 Scopus-indexed publications (2000– 2024) was conducted using VOSviewer software to identify research trends, key themes, and knowledge gaps. The findings emphasize the significant environmental and economic benefits of Vetiver grass, including its ability to enhance soil stability, control erosion, and treat polluted environments. Case studies in Vietnam further demonstrate its successful integration into slope stabilization projects, riverbank reinforcement, and flood mitigation strategies. The paper advocates for the broader adoption of Vetiver grass in sustainable infrastructure development and disaster risk reduction, while identifying future research directions to expand its applications.

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Landslide susceptibility mapping in the western Słonne Góry (SE Poland) : a comparative study of landslide polygons and buffer zones using the Frequency Ratio Method

Rycio Edyta

Geological Quarterly

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2025

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Vol. 69, No. 4

art., no. 39

EN

A high variability of landslide density and distribution was observed in the western part of the Słonne Góry (Sanok region, Eastern Carpathians, SE Poland). A statistical method, the bivariate Frequency Ratio Model (FRM), was used to show the reasons for this variability and to compile a map of landslide susceptibility for the study area. The landslide susceptibility map was calculated using an inventory of previous landslides and using buffer zones mapped around the upper parts of landslides. The polygons of landslides represented disturbed features and slope properties. In contrast, buffer zones represented undisturbed slope features and properties. Both methods gave similar results. Two landslide susceptibility maps were obtained with the following Area Under the Curve (AUC) values: 0.7936 for landslides and 0.7971 for buffer zones. This indicates a sufficiently good fit of the computational models for predicting new landslides. Unfortunately, the use of buffer zones in the calculations, which represent undisturbed slope properties, did not improve the predictive values of the susceptibility maps. Significant differences were shown as regards slope angle. The importance of this parameter (slope angle) for the Polish part of the Carpathians was better enhanced by the use of buffer zones in the landslide susceptibility calculations.

11

Zagrożenia geologiczne w Polsce w 2023 r.

Wojciechowski Tomasz, Wódka Marcin, Kamieniarz Sylwester, Kos Jarosław, Karkowska Kamila, Laskowicz Izabela, Marciniec Paweł, Warmuz Bartłomiej, Uścinowicz Grzegorz, Przyłucka Maria

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 12-1

671--684

EN

In 2023, natural events and geohazards have gained particular importance. A natural earthquake in eastern Slovakia with a magnitude of 5.0, felt in southeastern Poland, and numerous sinkholes in the Trzebinia region have generated wide media and public interest, emphasizing the need for awareness and management of geological risk. The aim of this article is to present the main geohazards recorded in Poland in 2023 and to raise public awareness of this issue. Analyses and fieldwork in the Trzebinia region have shown the existence of at least 530 sinkholes in the area of the former Siersza Coal Mine, a significant part of which is related to shallow mining operations. In recent years, especially in the period 2019-2023, the dynamics of sinkhole formation has increased, which is related to the rising level of underground water. In 2023, the problem of sinkholes also affected other areas of Poland, causing damage to the terrain and material losses for local communities, including in the towns of Bolesław, Nowa Góra and Tarnowskie Góry. In 2023, 709 local seismic events were verified, most of which were induced, related to mining activities. The strongest phenomenon in Poland, with a magnitude of 4.2, occurred on July 6, 2023 in LGOM, while on October 9, 2023, a natural earthquake occurred in Slovakia, which was felt by residents of Poland -from Katowice to Rzeszów. In 2023, 16 landslide triggers were recorded, four of which were recognized as new forms. Damage to roads, infrastructure and buildings due to mass movement activity was recorded, among others, in Pruchnik, Kasina Wielka, in the commune of Bochnia, Biskupice and Wieliczka. In 2023, PGI-NRJ monitored 74 landslides, including 60 within the SOPO project. In the analyesd period, 31 of these landslides were active. The highest dynamics of displacements was recorded in Szymbark-Huciska, where displacements amounted to 328 mm. The year 2023 on the Baltic Sea coast did not stand out significantly in terms of geohazards, but there were incidents related to sea erosion, especially in the second half of December. Strong winds, reaching an average speed of 65 km/h and gusts of up to 115 km/h, led to storms that affected the condition of the coast, especially in Lębork, Wejherowo and Puck.

12

Zagrożenia geologiczne w Polsce w 2022 r.

Wojciechowski Tomasz, Laskowicz Izabela, Kos Jarosław, Marciniec Paweł, Uścinowicz Grzegorz, Karkowska Kamila, Przyłucka Maria, Wódka Marcin, Kamieniarz Sylwester

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 9

439--450

EN

The article details the identification and monitoring of various geological processes and geohazards in Poland, as conducted by the Polish Geological Survey in 2022. In 2022, landslide activity in Poland was lower than average due to less than typical precipitation levels, with the year recording only 534.4 mm of rainfall, about 87.4% of the norm. Due to this overall dryness, the notable landslides, with 14 incidents reported, were significantly fewer than in previous years, Furthermore, the PGI-NRI seismological network (PSG_Sejs_NET), recorded 305 events, mainly induced by mining activities. The strongest event of the year was an M4.7 earthquake with an epicentre in the LGOM region, recorded on April 7, illustrating the improvement in locating such phenomena thanks to new seismic stations. In 2022, residents of western Małopolska, especially in Trzebinia and the surrounding area, experienced an intensification of the problem of post-mining sinkholes, mainly related to the rising groundwater level after the liquidation of mines such as‘‘Siersza” and “Olkusz-Pomorzany”. The most serious incidents included: sinkholes in the cemetery in Trzebinia and in the town of Hutki. In 2022, there was a notable increase in the use of new technologies for recording and monitoring geohazards, including InSAR, drones or high-resolution digital terrain models. These advancements significantly enhanced the precision and scope of geohazard assessment and monitoring. One of the examples is the open European Ground Monitoring Service (EGMS) implemented by European Environment Agency, which helped identification of significant deformations in Poland with a total area of 4.4 thousand km2, mainly related to mining exploitation. In addition, an excellent example of the comprehensive use of various data sources was presented during the stage, completed in 2022, of the project "4D Cartography in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea”, which allowed for the accurate identification of geohazards on the section of the coast from Ustka to Dąbki, showing numerous threats, such as landslides, flooding and coastal erosion. The article discusses in detail this occurrence of various geological threats in 2022.

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The Concept of Monitoring Landslides Along the Railway Track Located in the Carpathian Flysch

Kogut Janusz P., Pilecka Elżbieta, Szwarkowski Dariusz

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 2, no. 2

art. no. 51

EN

In the paper, the problem of monitoring of landslides located along the railway track is considered. Railway tracks lying along the slope are exposed to the risk of soil mass movements, especially in areas with a relatively steep slopes and a specific subgrade such as Carpathian flysch. Developing the railway infrastructure on such a slope requires sometimes the cutting of the slope. As a consequence of the change in the shape of the slope surface the subsidence of part of the soil may result in the loss of stability. Based on the numerical analysis the critical stage values applied in the monitoring system have been computed.

PL

W artykule rozważany jest problem monitorowania osuwisk zlokalizowanych wzdłuż toru kolejowego. Tory kolejowe leżące wzdłuż stoku są narażone na ryzyko ruchów masy gruntowej, szczególnie w obszarach o stosunkowo st steepych stokach oraz o specyficznym podłożu, takim jak karpacki flisz. Rozwój infrastruktury kolejowej na takim stoku wymaga czasami cięcia stoku. W wyniku zmiany kształtu powierzchni stoku osunięcie części gruntu może wiązać się z utratą stabilności. Na podstawie analizy numerycznej obliczono krytyczne wartości etapu zastosowane w systemie monitorującym.

14

Stabilization of Slopes Vulnerable to Landslides Trough Tubular Anchors

Mataradze Edgar, Chikhradze Nikoloz, Akhvlediani Tamaz

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

379--384

EN

This paper presents an anchor of a new design, whose properties have been selected to retain the advantages of a tubular anchor over the other anchor types and at the same time, ensure its adaptation to specific conditions associated with slope stabilization. The proposed anchor consists of a steel tube filled with expanding cement mortar. The outer diameter of the tube is 2-3 mm less than the diameter of the borehole, a groove is cut on the outer surface of the tube. A metal rod is placed in the center of the tube at the outer end of which a support plate is installed, and a tie wrench is fixed. The length of the metal rod is equal to the depth of the bore hole, while the length of the steel tube is at least half the length of the borehole. In the process of solidification and expansion of the solution, pressure is created on the walls of the bore hole. Under the influence of pressure, the pipe is opened around the groove and close contact is achieved between the pipe and the borehole surfaces. As soon as the solution hardens, the steel tube is firmly embedded in the concrete, after which the anchor reaches operational capacity. Preliminary tests of the proposed anchor showed that it has a high clamping force (for hard rock conditions - 46-75 kN/m and for soft rock conditions 32-36 kN/m). He has other advantages, namely it does not require special equipment for installation, the inside of a tube is filled with hard concrete-like mass, which hampers the process of corrosion and increases shear strength.

15

Problematyka oddziaływania osuwisk na obiekty drogowe

Czub Maciej

Prace Instytutu Mechaniki Górotworu PAN

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2023

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T. 25, nr 1-4

71--84

PL

Artykuł analizuje wieloaspektowe zagadnienia związane z wpływem osuwisk na infrastrukturę drogową. Główne tematy poruszane w pracy obejmują klasyfikację osuwisk, metody stabilizacji, przykłady osuwisk w Polsce, rozpoznanie terenu osuwiskowego oraz technologie wzmocnień podłoża. W części dotyczącej klasyfikacji osuwisk przedstawiono różne typy osuwisk w zależności od mechanizmu ich powstawania, materiału i prędkości ruchu. Omówiono również metody stabilizacji osuwisk, takie jak drenaż, wzmocnienia cementacyjne, gwoździowanie gruntów oraz stosowanie geosyntetyków. W artykule zamieszczono przykłady znaczących osuwisk w Polsce, które miały istotny wpływ na infrastrukturę drogową. Ponieważ rozpoznanie terenu, to kluczowy element prewencji i zarządzania ryzykiem związanym z osuwiskami w artykuleopisano również techniki geologiczne i geofizyczne, które pozwalają na ocenę ryzyka wystąpienia osuwisk. Dodatkowo, omówiono nowoczesne technologie wzmocnień podłoża, w tym stosowanie iniekcji cementowych, mikropali oraz technologii wspomagających monitorowanie stabilności gruntów. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie skutecznych metod rozpoznawania i stabilizacji osuwisk w kontekście bezpieczeństwa i trwałości infrastruktury drogowej.

EN

The article analyzes multifaceted issues related to the impact of landslides on road infrastructure. The main topics covered include landslide classification, stabilization methods, examples of landslides in Poland, landslide terrain reconnaissance and ground reinforcement technologies. The section on landslide classification presents different types of landslides depending on the mechanism of their formation, material and speed of movement. It also discusses landslide stabilization methods such as drainage, construction of cementation reinforcement, soil nailing and use of geosynthetics. The article includes examples of significant landslides in Poland that have had a significant impact on road infrastructure. .Recognition of landslide terrain is a key element of landslide prevention and risk management. Geological and geophysical techniques for assessing landslide risk are described. In addition, modern technologies for ground reinforcement are discussed, including the use of cement injection, micropiles and technologies to help monitor soil stability. The purpose of the article is to provide knowledge on the impact of landslides on road structures and to present effective methods for their identification and stabilization, which is crucial for the safety and sustainability of road infrastructure.

16

Landslide survey at Cam Mountain (An Giang, Vietnam) by seismic refraction and GPR methods

Nguyen Giang Van, Nguyen Dung Quang, Le Thanh Ngoc

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 68, no. 4

603--620

EN

Cam Mountain in An Giang Province, Vietnam, is a granite peak that is severely fractured and eroded on its slopes and summit. Trees cover the top of the mountain and around the side of the mountain. The roads are the primary means of transportation for indigenous people and tourists daily. Recently, there has been a phenomenon of large-sized boulders rolling down from the top of the mountain, causing an accident and killing tourists. To investigate the internal causes of landslides on a 2.3 km road stretch, geophysical profiles using GPR and seismic refraction methods were conducted to clarify the current status of geological structures beneath the road surface. The refractive seismic data analysis revealed four distinct layers based on elastic wave propagation velocity. Velocity values range from 1000 to 3000 m/s for the 2 upper layers corresponding to the weathered, broken, and highly fractured rock layers and in the lower 2 layers from 3000 to more than 4500 m/s, respectively corresponding to less fractured rock on the depth of more than 50 m. According to GPR data, the structural cross-section to an average depth of 30 m is a more complex picture. Detected 6 layers with different degrees of fracture cracking and showing different structural zones. In a few places are the drainage creeks from the mountain. These places need to be monitored regularly to have a basis for predicting landslides and rockfalls in the area of Cam Mountain. Landslides occur in geological rocks which are of different ages: claystone, mudstone, siltstone, shale, or marlstone. The rock-falls occur in more compact rocks: metamorphic or igneous rocks.

17

Zagrożenia osuwiskowe złóż wód mineralnych w dolinie Popradu

Zając Mariusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 10

780--787

EN

The area of the Poprad valley is particulary privileged due to the presence of mineral waters recognized in Poland as curative as well as strongly transformed by mass movements. In order to increase tourist attractiveness of the region, there is a noticeable trend of more frequent usage of landslide slopes, on which can appear recharge areas for the healing waters or zones of carbon dioxide inflow. The gas-water system on the areas of the occurence isvery sensitive andeasy to destroy. Co-occurence of recharge areas and mass movement areas, which due to uncontrolled human actions, may become active and create threat to the healing waters.

18

Zagrożenia obiektów budowlanych i infrastruktury komunikacyjnej na tle rozmieszczenia osuwisk w jednostkach administracyjnych Sudetów

Sikora Rafał

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

636--644

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the landslide distribution according to the administrativ subdivision of the Sudetes (SW Poland). It is the first comprehensive analysis of this problem for the Polish part of the Sudetes, which is based on the published data, cartographic materials and spatial databases. The index of landslide occurrence for each county has been calculated, and the number and types of buildings and roads located on landslides have been distinguished. The results were used for preliminary identification of hazards, which, in turn, provide information for the county governments, on various levels, useful for spatial planning and practical risk management.

19

Zagrożenia geologiczne w Polsce w 2021 roku

Wojciechowski Tomasz, Laskowicz Izabela, Kos Jarosław, Marciniec Paweł, Uścinowicz Grzegorz, Przyłucka Maria, Wódka Marcin

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

617--626

EN

Geological hazards caused by landslides, earthquakes, erosion, land surface deformation and collapse in 2021 in Poland were among the average compared to recent years. They did, however, affect material losses. The Polish Geological Survey (PGS) recorded 41 events related to sudden landslide activations, which damaged or destroyed 17 road sections. Through ongoing monitoring of 72 landslides, 33 were shown to be active. In 2021, more than 5,200 landslides were identified and inventoried in Poland. Geodynamic monitoring performed by PGS recorded 611 seismic events in Poland, whose magnitudes reached M4.2. In addition, using satellite radar interferometry, continuation of land surface deformations was found mainly in mining areas. In 2021, there was a number of collapses of various origins. The paper is a brief report on the ongoing tasks of the Polish Geological Survey in the field of geological hazards and presents events that took place in Poland in 2021.

20

Podatność osuwiskowa obszaru Krakowa

Kamieniarz Sylwester

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

701--712

EN

Due to the differentiation of landslides in Kraków city area, an artificial neural network method (multilayer perceptron) was used to determine the landslide susceptibility (LS). The calculations were performed in the r.landslide module. The network learning was carried out on the basis of 8 thematic layers (slopes, slope exposure, absolute height, relative height, convergence index, surface lithology, sub-Quaternary lithology, distance from tectonic discontinuities). For modelling, 434 points representing landslides and the same number of points of locations without landslides were used. Among the set of points, 70% was allocated to the training phase, 15% to the validation phase, and 15% to the phase. In order to assess the network performance, based on the results of the test phase, a confusion matrix was made. Approximately 22% of the city’s area is susceptible to landslide occurrence (LS > 0.05 ). It overlap existing landslides and cover areas where they have not occurred yet. The greatest number of areas susceptible to landslide occurrence is located in districts X (54% of the district area) and VII (47%). There are also the most susceptile areas (LS > 0.95). The sensitivity analysis implemented in the module showed that among the thematic layers used for modelling the slopes, convergence index, distance from tectonic discontinuities and sub-Quaternary lithology have the greatest impact on the landslide susceptibility.