Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Współczesne wyzwania w gospodarce wodnej na obszarach miejskich i dywersyfikacja źródeł wody na przykładzie Wrocławia

Buczyński Sebastian, Tarka Robert, Olichwer Tomasz, Wcisło Marek, Modelska Magdalena, Staśko Stanisław

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 9

813--819

EN

Negative climate change, including changes in precipitation structures, is particularly acutely recorded in large cities, where tight development hinders infiltration. Large cities also struggle with a deficit of good quality water for supplying the population and industry. This article presents two solutions proposed in Wroclaw city (Poland), which allowed a) assessment of the possibility of intensifying the infiltration of rainwater using infiltration basins and trenches and b) documentation of a new alternative source of supply to the city from groundwater. The research results, which are the result of cooperation between scientists and municipal manage¬ment structures, are presented based on the example of the Brochówka river catchment and the Bogdaszowice-Radakowice burried valley aquifer. The proposed water management solutions may constitute a proposal for other urban agglomerations in the time of progressive water problems.

2

Filtrometr i gradientometr : nowe urządzenia do badania wymiany hyporeicznej

Marciniak Marek

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 5

495--504

EN

The hyporheic zone (HZ) is defined as an active ecotone between the stream of surface water and groundwater. Many hydrological, hydrogeological, hydrobiological and biogeochemical processes occur in this zone. These processes provide a great potential for natural purification of organic compounds, nutrients and pathogens in streams and rivers. The recognition of the hydrodynamics of hyporheic zones is of great economic importance due to the great potential for hyporheic remediation and ecosystem services in surface waters. In this paper, two new measuring devices are presented: a filtrometer and a gradientometer. They enable direct measurement of the filtration flux density and the Vertical Hydraulic Gradient (VHG) in the hyporheic zone. The operating principle and construction of both devices are explained. The results of laboratory tests carried out on a specially designed stand are also discussed. The results of laboratory tests were analyzed by assessing the measurement uncertainties of the filtrometer and gradientometer. The measurement ranges of both devices were determined and the limitations of their applications were discussed. The filtrometer and gradientometer can be useful both in studies of the interaction of surface and groundwater and in studies of hyporheic exchange in bottom sediments.

3

Small springs in a big city : Status, stressors, and long-term changes of their water properties across Warsaw

Łaszewski Maksym A., Suchożebrski Jarosław, Dmowski Igor, Staszak Maciej

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 65

15--23

EN

The present study attempted to identify the current status and stressors affecting spring water properties in an urban area, using the example of the Warsaw agglomeration. For this purpose, they study monitored hydrological and hydrochemical properties of three springs, each draining a Quaternary porous aquifer and representing different anthropopressure across the city. The measurements of discharge and physico-chemical parameters were carried out regularly twice a month from June 2023 to May 2024, while the chemical composition, including main cations and anions, was determined once every two-month period using ion chromatography. The results documented a good agreement between the degree and timing of impact of human-induced alternations and the physico-chemical properties of spring waters. The highest total dissolved solids (TDS) and concentrations of Cl-, SO42-, and Na+ were measured in the most urbanised areas. Seasonal changes in the spring water chemistry, primarily in terms of main anions, confirmed their anthropogenic origin, related to different deposition and migration over time. A comparison with archival data proved significant long-term transformation of spring properties, including gradual decrease of their discharge, increase in water temperature, and changes to the hydrochemical type. Such an evolution of groundwater quality reflects the impact of climate warming and human activities, including increase in the degree of imperviousness as a result of urbanisation, application of road maintenance chemicals, and emission of pollution to the atmosphere. The results provide the most recent insight on shallow groundwater status and stressors in Warsaw and reflect intensive modification of the aquifer system across the urban environment.

4

Seasonal fluctuations in groundwater fluoride concentration and health risk assessment : Tolon District, Northern Ghana

Nogara Ezeldin I., Anim-Gyampo Maxwell, Ganiyu Shaibu A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 65

55--64

EN

Groundwater contamination with fluoride is a major global issue, contributing to 65% of endemic fluorosis cases worldwide. This study evaluates the seasonal variations in groundwater fluoride concentrations and their connection to health risks in the Tolon District, Ghana. A total of ninety-seven groundwater samples were examined over two seasons to assess fluoride (F-) concentrations. Levels of F- varied from undetectable levels to 1.30 mg∙dm-3 and had an average of 0.24 mg∙dm-3 during the rainy season. In the dry season, it varied from undetectable levels to 2.08 mg∙dm-3 and had an average of 0.36 mg∙dm-3. Significant spatial and temporal variations were observed, with lower fluoride levels in the northern part of the area and higher levels in the southern region during both seasons. Approximately 84% and 74% of samples fell into group I (optimal for dental health), and 16% and 21% into group II (moderate risk of dental fluorosis) during rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Additionally, 5% of the samples during the dry season fell into group III (high risk of dental fluorosis). Hazard quotient (HQ) values for fluoride varied widely, with higher risks observed in children compared to adults during both seasons. This study highlights that children in the Tolon district face greater risks of fluorosis than adults, emphasising the need for targeted mitigation strategies. The research contributes significantly to addressing the pressing global issue of water quality and public health, offering insights that can guide both immediate interventions and long-term sustainability efforts in affected regions.

5

Evaluation of groundwater pumping with solar energy for irrigation practice in Tunisia using homer energy

Mariem Sana Ben, Kanzari Sabri, Ghannem Samir, Abu Hasan Hassimi, Chtioui Sirine, Mouelhi Safouane, Zghibi Adel, Bahrouni Hassouna, Ali Ben Abdallah Mohamed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 2

147--161

EN

In response to the increasing demand for water in irrigated areas, the use of groundwater pumping is emerging as a compelling alternative, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the costs associated with fossil fuel based pumping systems, as well as their negative environmental impact through the emission of harmful gases, have prompted a shift towards renewable energy. The main objective of this study is to analyze and optimize the feasibility of a groundwater pumping system using different energy sources by HOMER Energy. A farmer in the Nabeul region (Chiba) was selected for an in-depth analysis of water demand and pumping station sizing. The evaluations showed that a 3 kW photovoltaic panel installation per hectare could sufficiently meet the irrigation water needs of this farmer. After optimizing the proposed pumping systems, including diesel generator (DG), photovoltaic (PV) and hybrid (DG + PV) panels, it was determined that the most economical and environmentally friendly solution was the hybrid system. This system produces a power output of 3.3 kW, with CO2 emissions in the order of 5.117 kg per year. HOMER software is a powerful tool for optimizing energy-efficient irrigation practices and assessing the best mix of renewable and conventional energy resources to meet specific needs.

6

Combination of Moringa oleifera seeds and Acanthus ilicifolius leaves as a natural coagulant for groundwater treatment

Hebrianti Hebrianti, Fahruddin Fahruddin, Zaraswati Dwyana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 3

365--380

EN

The need for clean water is increasing along with the rising population. Water use in developing countries still relies on surface water, such as groundwater, which is very easily contaminated by the surrounding environment. The coagulation method for water purification is usually used to remove colloidal residues and assist the coagulation flocculation process using aluminum sulfate, which can be harmful to health if used for a long time. The coagulation method utilizing natural coagulants, such as proteins and tannins, is better because it is cost-effective and relatively safer for health if used for a long time. Tests on the tannin and protein content in the natural coagulant, as well as characterization using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) on the water sediment after the coagulant is added, were conducted. The groundwater sample that did not meet the physical, chemical, and biological criteria was chosen as the water sample. Moringa oleifera seed powder and Acanthus ilicifolius leaves were added to the water sample at doses of 0.025 g/L and 0.05 g/L, respectively, and then allowed to settle for 30 minutes. Subsequently, tests were conducted to determine the optimum pH, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, and the number of E. coli bacterial colonies was determined. The natural coagulants used were proven to reduce COD by 38%, BOD by 52%, TSS by 78%, and TDS by 62%, and to remove 92% of the total E. coli bacteria. FTIR analysis showed that the natural coagulants used contained -OH and C=O functional groups, indicating the presence of natural coagulant molecules.

7

Analysis of Groundwater Temperature in Urban Conditions - the Case of Wrocław, Poland

Hajnrych Monika, Blachowski Jan, Worsa-Kozak Magdalena

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2025

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Vol. 35, no. 1

213--229

EN

With increasing urbanization, it is becoming important to study the impact of human activity and climate change on the underground environment, including groundwater temperatures. The subsurface urban heat island (SubUHI) is one of the effects of these changes, which consists in increasing the temperature of soil and groundwater in urban areas. This article analyses groundwater temperatures in Wrocław in 2022–2024. The research was conducted at 19 measurement points. The average groundwater temperature was 12.7°C, with values from 8.9°C to 25.4°C. The highest temperatures were recorded in the city center, and the lowest on its western outskirts. Spatial analysis showed higher temperatures in the city center, related to the influence of underground infrastructure and artificial surfaces. At a depth of 15 meters, the influence of external factors on groundwater temperature disappeared. The results indicate the need for further research on local factors influencing groundwater temperature, which may be important for water resource management in cities.

8

Evaluating climate change impacts on snow cover and karst spring discharge in a data-scarce region: a case study of Iran

Zeydalinejad Nejat, Pour-Beyranvand Ali, Reza Nassery Hamid, Ghazi Babak

Acta Geophysica

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2025

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Vol. 73, no. 1

831--854

EN

The incremental impacts of climate change on elements within the water cycle are a growing concern. Intricate karst aquifers have received limited attention concerning climate change, especially those with sparse data. Additionally, snow cover has been overlooked in simulating karst spring discharge rates. This study aims to assess climate change effects in a data-scarce karst anticline, specifically Khorramabad, Iran, focusing on temperature, precipitation, snow cover, and Kio spring flows. Utilizing two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), namely SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, extracted from the CMIP6 dataset for the base period (1991-2018) and future periods (2021-2040 and 2041-2060), the research employs Landsat data and artificial neural networks (ANNs) for snow cover and spring discharge computation, respectively. ANNs are trained using the training and verification periods of 1991-2010 and 2011-2018, respectively. Results indicate projected increases in temperature, between + 1.21 °C (2021-2040 under SSP245) and + 2.93 °C (2041-2060 under SSP585), and precipitation, from + 2.91 mm/month (2041-2060 under SSP585) to + 4.86 mm/month (2021-2040 under SSP585). The ANN models satisfactorily simulate spring discharge and snow cover, predicting a decrease in snow cover between - 4 km2/month (2021-2040 under SSP245) and - 11.4 km2/month (2041-2060 under SSP585). Spring discharges are anticipated to increase from + 28.5 l/s (2021-2040 under SSP245) to + 57 l/s (2041-2060 under SSP585) and from + 12.1 l/s (2021-2040 under SSP585) to + 36.1 l/s (2041-2060 under SSP245), with and without snow cover as an input, respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of considering these changes for the sustainability of karst groundwater in the future.

9

Uzdatnianie trudnej wody podziemnej w procesie filtracji jednostopniowe z zawracaniem wód popłucznych na przykładzie SUW Łagiewniki (woj. wielkopolskie)

Weber Łukasz, Surma Krzysztof

Technologia Wody

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2024

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Nr 4 (86)

76-83

10

Impact of Landfill Leachate on Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment in Mohammedia Prefecture, Morocco

El Morabet Rachida, Lamouadene Yasser, Alouane Mohamed, Qahtani Dhafar Ali Abdullah, Khan Roohul Abad

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

432--448

EN

Several studies have been conducted to identify the potential impact of landfills on groundwater resources. This study evaluates the impact of landfills on groundwater resources in Mohammedia prefecture, Morocco. The groundwater was analysed from 2015 to 2022. The groundwater quality was evaluated based on electrical conductivity, pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphate, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and total hydrocarbon, aluminium, iron, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron-nickel, zing, and mercury. The assessment was based on the water quality index, leachate pollution index, non-carcinogenic risk assessment, and carcinogenic risk assessment. A leachate pollution index <5 indicates that it poses a severe risk to groundwater resources. The non-carcinogenic risk HQ was determined to be <1, which infers no potential risk. The carcinogenic risk index value of 10-4 indicated that it is within the threshold of acceptable limit. The current study concludes that leachate from the analysed landfills does not infiltrate the groundwater resources of Mohammedia prefecture. However, the leachate pollution, even though it varies, is increasing over time. This is validated by the fact that the landfill is protected with a membrane covering the ground, which inhibits any possible infiltration of soil or water resources. Hence, this study calls for continuous monitoring of groundwater resources in the region. Future studies are required to investigate the groundwater in Mohammedia prefecture in terms of emerging pollutants to identify any potential risk.

11

Polskie źródła krasowe i wywierzyska na liście światowego dziedzictwa naturalnego : realizacja projektów MIKAS oraz NIKAS

Barczyk Grzegorz, Chmiel Stanisław, Chwalik-Borowiec Anna, Małecki Jerzy, Okoń Dorota, Różkowski Jacek, Sposób Joanna, Turczyński Marek

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 1

53--55

EN

In June 2022, the Most Important Karst Aquifer Springs (MIKAS) project was launched at the EUROKARST conference, aimed at creating a list of the most important karst springs and outcrops (on a global scale). Basedon the recommendations and methodology established by the Project Advisory Board, scientists from around the world presented proposals for springs, from which 200 will be ultimately selected. 14 karst springs and outcrops were proposed in Poland. We describe the basic criteria and principles that guided the selection, and the current state of progress of the project.

12

Ekspolatacja spod lustra wody, a sposób oceny jej wpływu na wody podziemne

Dyka Mariusz

Kierunek Surowce

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2024

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nr 2

108--113

PL

Wydobycie kopalin spod lustra wody lub spod wody jest postrzegane jako mocna ingerencja w środowisko. Czy jednak słusznie?

13

Hydrographic and hydrochemical characteristics of selected groundwater outflows in desert and semi-desert areas

Molenda Tadeusz

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 62

157--165

EN

The presence of natural groundwater outflows depends on many factors, such as lithology, geological structure, and climate. Areas with particularly poor crenological recognition are arid and semi-arid regions, primarily due to rarity of groundwater outflows in these locations. The article presents the hydrographic and hydrochemical characteristics of selected groundwater outflows in arid and semi-arid areas. In addition to hydrographic mapping, basic physical parameters of water were measured in selected springs, such as temperature (T, °C), electrolytic conductivity (EC, μS∙cm-1), and reaction (pH, –). Laboratory analyses determined the major cations and anions in water: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+, SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, Br-, PO43-. The analyses were performed using an ion chromatograph Metrohm 850 Professional IC. Twenty-four natural groundwater outflows in South America, Africa, and Asia were selected for research. It was found that the vast majority of outflows are transit sources. Their supply area may be far from discharge points. The supply source is rainwater or meltwater from high mountain massifs. Other types of outflow are springs of alluvial fans and braided rivers. They are fed by waters from glacial rivers, which infiltrate alluvial deposits and flow back to the surface. Hydrochemical analysis has shown that the physicochemical properties of water in dry areas vary significantly. Still in the hydrochemical type, there is a predominance of sulphate, chloride, and sodium ions. This distinguishes the spring waters from these areas in temperate latitudes, which are dominated by bicarbonate and calcium ions.

14

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) exploration data in drought prone areas case study : Buriram Province, Thailand

Saoanunt Naruemol, Yungsukkasam Narongdet

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

79--85

EN

An electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) investigation was conducted across four drought-prone districts in the Buriram Province, Thailand. The primary objective was to evaluate and map the potential of groundwater reservoirs as sources of water for household and agricultural purposes during the dry season. It was accomplished through the implementation of the Schlumberger array configuration. An electrical resistivity survey instrument was used to generate a 2D resistivity model of the electrical resistance profiles, or pseudo section profiles. The survey instrument included more than 50 electrodes, enabling the investigation of the profile to a depth of up to 50 m from the ground surface. The resistivity values obtained from the field data were recorded and converted or interpreted using RES2DINV software. The data were analysed by comparing them with the geological information about the site and referencing the geological borehole data as at 50 m depth from the surface. The results of the ERT survey indicated that groundwater in the arid areas of the Buriram Province can be found at shallow depths around 10-20 m from the surface and it is deposited in sedimentary and clay layers, and it has remained relatively stable over a 2-year period with the water level measured by an electric probe in the summer, winter and rainy seasons in Thailand.

15

Ecohydrological role of groundwater outflows in the functioning of the ecotone zone in Lake Jaczno, Poland

Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk Elżbieta, Puczko Katarzyna

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 62

185--192

EN

The research determined the influence of natural groundwater outflows from the spring peat bog on the water supply and its quality in Lake Jaczno. Lake Jaczno is located in the Suwalski Landscape Park (SLP) in the Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-east Poland. The research was conducted from April 2009 to October 2010 and from September 2022 to September 2023. Water samples were collected from spring areas, shallow groundwater, and from Lake Jaczno. Fieldwork involved measuring flow, temperature, water electrolytic conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, water oxygen saturation (WS), and water reaction (pH). Chemical analyses of water samples were carried out in the laboratory. Findings indicate that groundwater, spring water, and lake water in the SLP maintain high quality, with no significant changes in chemical composition over the past decades. Additionally, the physical water parameters display low temporal variability. The EC in the tested waters oscillates around 500 μS∙cm-1. Both spring and lake waters are well oxygenated (97-100%). Biogenic element concentrations exhibit higher variability, influenced by flora development in areas with natural groundwater outflows. High oxygenation of water contributes to increased concentrations of nitrates. The analysed waters exhibited similarity in the concentration and structure of phosphorus forms. Additionally, sediment chemical parameters at Lake Jaczno suggests a buffering capacity in the transitional zones between water and land. Despite similarities in chemical composition, sediment granulometry suggests low permeability, potentially restricting exchange between groundwater and surface waters. Monitoring springs in these environments is important due to their impact on quantity and quality of water in the analysed areas.

16

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater using a multivariate analysis approach

Sbai Khalid, Tahri Latifa, Hafiane Fatima Zahra, Halima Oumaima Iben, Fekhaoui Mohammed

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

175--182

EN

The current study aims to assess underground water pollution using an integrated approach that combines statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and water quality diagrams (Piper diagram, Schoeller-Berkalov diagram). A total of twenty water samples were collected from the Tiflet region in the Sebou basin and analysed for various physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, and heavy metal concentrations (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+). The average concentrations of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ in the water samples were found to be 41.9, 14.8, 20.1, and 8.1 mg∙dm-3, respectively. These concentrations indicate a significant presence of heavy metals in the groundwater samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that the groundwater in this area is heavily polluted with heavy metals and other pollutants. This finding raises concerns regarding the use of this water for irrigation and agricultural activities in the region. This suggests that these four components play a crucial role in determining the overall water quality. The distribution patterns of the metals Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ in the well water within the study area are of particular environmental concern. It is recommended to establish a monitoring network to ensure the sustainable management of water resources in order to address this issue effectively.

17

Recognition of the efficiency of the structure of an active municipal waste landfill based on the quality of the water environment

Kozak Przemysław, Przydatek Grzegorz

Journal of Engineering, Energy and Informatics

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2024

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No. 1(3)

20--29

EN

A landfill site is an engineered facility intended for depositing waste. Regardless of their type, such facilities pose a potential threat to the water and ground environment, as well as to human health and life, because leachate water in contact with groundwater deteriorates their quality. To prevent such a phenomenon, it is necessary to periodically test the composition of water within the landfill. The aim of the research was to analyse the efficiency of the structure of an operated municipal waste landfill based on the analysis of the composition of leachate and groundwater, including the operation and post-operation phases. Based on the physico-chemical analysis of leachate and groundwater in 2016-2020, increased average TOC (Total Organic Carbon) values exceeding 10 mg·dm-3 were shown. Although the concentrations of other indicators, including heavy metals, were within permissible limits, the test results showed limited efficiency of the barrier protecting against the impact of stored waste on the aquatic environment. For this reason, there was a need to expand the scope of research, in particular to include toxicity tests of both leachates and water.

PL

Składowisko odpadów jest urządzonym obiektem inżynieryjnym przeznaczonym do deponowania odpadów. Niezależnie od ich rodzaju, obiekty takie stwarzają potencjalne zagrożenie dla środowiska wodno-gruntowego, a także dla zdrowia i życia ludzi, gdyż wody odciekowe w kontakcie z wodami podziemnymi wpływają na pogorszenie ich jakości. Aby zapobiec takiemu zjawisku konieczne jest okresowe przeprowadzanie badań składu wód występujących w obrębie składowiska. Celem badań była analiza sprawności konstrukcji eksploatowanego składowiska odpadów komunalnych na podstawie analizy składu wód odciekowych i podziemnych, obejmującej fazę eksploatacji i poeksploatacyjną. Na podstawie analizy fizyczno-chemicznej wód odciekowych i podziemnych w latach 2016-2020 wykazano podwyższone średnie wartości OWO (Ogólny Węgiel Organiczny) przekraczające 10 mg·dm-3. Pomimo, iż stężenia pozostałych wskaźników, w tym metali ciężkich mieściły się w granicach dopuszczalnych, wyniki badań wykazały ograniczoną sprawność przesłony chroniącej przed oddziaływaniem składowanych odpadów na środowisko wodne. Z tego względu wskazano na potrzebę poszerzenia zakresu badań w szczególności o testy toksyczności zarówno odcieków, jak i wód.

18

Statistical Analysis of Urban Non-Point Source Pollution and Nitrate Contamination in the Groundwater at Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, South India

Ramesh Bhagavathi Krishnan, Vanitha Sankararajan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

271--291

EN

A statistical analysis of nitrate contamination in the groundwater at the Thuckalay area of Padmanabhapuram town, South India, is conducted using data collected from 2000 to 2019 that includes rainfall, groundwater level, and groundwater quality. The findings indicate that there was a rise in nitrate contamination in the groundwater between 2001 and 2011. This increase can be attributed directly to the 6.69% increase in population and the corresponding increase of 108.79 hectares in residential areas, which accounts for the 17% expansion. The elevated concentrations of EC (1830 µS/cm), Cl (511 mg/L), Na (210 mg/L), NO3 (150 mg/L), TH (420 mg/L), and precipitation (1,184) in 2011 may have an impact on the non-point source contamination in the subject area, which is caused by flowing water bodies. An investigation was conducted into the sources and regulating factors of elevated nitrate levels through the utilisation of cross plots and fitted line plots of NO3 in conjunction with other chosen hydrochemical parameters. Nitrate contamination of the groundwater is indicated by a positive Pearson correlation coefficient between NO3 and Ca, Cl, EC, Na, SAR, SO4, TH, TA, and WL. Furthermore, a nitrate pollution index greater than three signifies a higher degree of pollution during the years 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2014. The primary sources of nitrate contamination in the vicinity of the study area were human and animal refuse that was disposed of in open areas. This may be the result of increased fertiliser application on agricultural land. Restoring groundwater quality in the studied area is possible through periodic monitoring, regulation of polluting sources, and implementation of a natural, cost-effective redevelopment technique.

19

Spatiotemporal Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Oum Rbia Watershed Using GIS-Pro and Water Quality Indices

Ouhakki Hicham, Taouil Hamid, El Fallah Kamal, Zerraf Soufiane, El Mejdoub Nouredine

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 11

15--27

EN

Groundwater analysis across the Oum Rbia watershed is currently hampered by technical constraints and high costs. This research aimed to produce comprehensive groundwater quality maps throughout the basin aquifers by integrating the water quality index (WQI) and microbiological quality index (MQI) with GIS-Pro for a spatiotem poral assessment of water quality. Twenty physicochemical parameters, including pH, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, permanganate index, ammonium (NH₄⁺), major cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca2⁺, Mg2⁺, Mn2⁺), major anions (Cl-, HCO3-, NO2-, NO2-, CO3-2, SO₄2-), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TAC), and total iron (FeT) concentration were analyzed. Additionally, the microbiological parameters, such as the fecal streptococci, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms were investigated. Fieldwork conducted over twelve campaigns during the 2021 and 2022 seasons involved sample collection from fifty-four locations across the six aquifers of the watershed. The comprehensive database facilitated the calculation of both MQI and WQI. Kriging interpolation was utilized to create spatial estimates of these indices beyond the sampling points, enabling the generation of maps that visualize water quality across the study area. WQI indicated that groundwater in most of the studied basin is of excellent quality, though water quality deteriorates in the areas receiving wastewater discharge from urban, industrial, and agricultural activities. The MQI results revealed significant pathogenic germ contamination across a substantial portion of the watershed, intensifying during the summer due to such factors as temperature, river flow, human activities, and seasonal pollution sources. These maps enhance the understanding of water table information for non-experts as well as aid decision-makers in identifying critical areas and developing effective management strategies. However, complexities in water quality and training data influence the accuracy of ArcGIS-Pro predictions, potentially overlooking key factors if the data is insufficient.

20

Potential of Irrigation and Biochar on Reduction Methane Emission and Leaching Nitrate into Groundwater

Dinh Phuong T.L., Nguyen Viet P., Nguyen Hoa T., Nguyen Dinh T.N., Pham Anh N.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

350--367

EN

Agricultural by-products such as rice husks are very popular in Vietnam, which are often burned in the fields, causing an increase in dust smoke and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To study the effects of different irrigation methods, quality of irrigation water and additive biochar from rice husk (BFRH) on leaching nitrate from paddy fields into shallow groundwater and methane (CH4) emissions, we investigated a two-season experiment (2021–2023) under two irrigation methods: water-saving irrigation and flood irrigation with 120 kg N/ha. The results illustrated that seasonal CH4 emissions and leaching nitrate were affected by irrigation practices and significantly correlated with the quality of irrigation and the amount of BFRH added. To compare of control, the flood irrigation water increased the leaching of GHG and NO3- into shallow groundwater from 27.3–32.4% and 16.4–31.25%, respectively. Meanwhile, the saving water irrigation reduced CH4 and leaching of NO3- into shallow groundwater from 13.3–17.8% and 15.63–18.9%, respectively. Applying biochar with controlling fertilizer reduces CH4 and NO3- content in surface field water, contributing to the decreased leaching of NO3- into groundwater. Reducing 20% fertilizer rate of N (96 kg N/ha) with application biochar of 5% without a change in yield reduces NO3- content into shallow groundwater from 13.7–14.3%. We conclude that water-saving irrigation combined with biochar from rice husk incorporation simultaneously mitigates CH4 emissions, improves yield, and reduces leaching nitrate into groundwater, making it a suitable environment-friendly nitrogen management practice for sustainable farming in northern Vietnam.