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1

Projekt zwiększenia efektywności ekonomicznej pompowni wód gruntowych na obszarze występowania deformacji nieciągłych

Chmiela Andrzej, Barszczowska Beata, Czerwiński Stefan, Smoliński Adam

Rynek Energii

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2025

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Nr 1

39--50

PL

Wieloletnie wydobycie węgla kamiennego spowodowało powstanie pustek poeksploatacyjnych w górotworze. Prowadzi to do zwiększenia zagrożenia występowaniem deformacji ciągłych i nieciągłych na powierzchni terenów górniczych kopalń czynnych i zlikwidowanych oraz zmian warunków hydrogeologicznych w płytko zalegającym górotworze. Najczęściej spotykanym skutkiem dawnej płytkiej eksploatacji górniczej są deformacje nieciągłe (zapadliska) oraz zmiana kierunków i natężenia spływu wód powierzchniowych. W publikacji przeprowadzono analizę możliwości obniżenia kosztów modernizacji funkcjonującej pompowni wód kopalnianych i gruntowych chroniącej powierzchnię terenu i płytko zalegający górotwór przed podnoszeniem się poziomu wód na terenie zlikwidowanej kopalni. Przedstawiono technicznie możliwe do przeprowadzenia, ekonomicznie uzasadnione rozwiązanie modernizacji istniejącej infrastruktury służącej odwadnianiu. Decyzja o realizacji przedsięwzięcia wynika z okresu koniecznej nieprzerwanej pracy pompowni, który zostanie określony przez komisję niezależnych ekspertów nadzorujących prowadzoną profilaktykę zagrożenia deformacjami nieciągłymi.

EN

Many years of hard coal mining have resulted in the creation of post-mining voids in the rock mas This leads to an increased risk of continuous and discontinuous deformations on the surface of mining areas active and closed mines and changes in hydrogeological conditions in the shallow rock mass. The most commc effects of former shallow mining are discontinuous deformations (sinkholes) and changes in the directions ar intensity of surface water runoff. The publication contains an analysis of the possibilities of reducing the costs modernization of the operating mine and groundwater pumping station protecting the surface of the area and tl shallow rock mass from rising water levels in the area of the closed mine. A technically feasible and econorr cally justiﬁed solution for the modernization of the existing drainage infrastructure has been presented. The dec sion to implement the project results from the period of necessary uninterrupted operation of the pumping static which will be determined by a commission of independent experts supervising the ongoing prevention of the ri of discontinuous deformations.

2

The management of power supply security of mine water pumping station

Magdziarczyk Małgorzata, Chmiela Andrzej, Smoliński Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 194

295--314

EN

Purpose: Growing global warming increases the threat of energy supply security in the form of the “blackout” phenomenon. Pumping stations pump out approximately 100 million m3 of water annually (data from 2023). Discontinuation of mine water pumping would expose neighbouring mines and lower-lying areas to flooding. Design/methodology/approach: For the designed database of functional scenarios of the mine water pumping station, the optimal variant was selected based on economic and ecological criteria as well as the energy security criterion. Findings: The research analyzed five technically feasible variants of modernization of mine water pumping stations. Each variant is characterized by a different degree of security of energy supply and a different level of meeting energy demand. Research limitations/implications: All variants of modernization of the pumping station provide for the production of electricity for own needs. All investment attractiveness factors should be taken into account while making investment decisions. It is up to the decision-maker to make the final multi-criteria decision so as to implement the selected variant. Practical implications: One of the challenge is to ensure security of energy supplies in the event of a sudden energy shortage. Pumping stations have some retention, nevertheless a longer shutdown time could lead to environmental problems. Removing the damage would definitely require large financial expenditures and would take several years. Social implications: The planned project of the energy supply security can have a positive impact on the local community and economy. The projects discussed will create new markets related to "green energy". Originality/value: The aim of the article is to assess the investment relevance of safety projects for power supply to mine water pumping stations. The combination of the problems of drainage of liquidated mines, the use of renewable energy sources and energy storage to improve the security of power supply to pumping stations has not been the subject of scientific research so far.

3

Analysis of thermal energy consumption management of energy-intensive enterprises

Widera Katarzyna, Gąsior Rafał, Smoliński Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 202

591--604

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the consumption of thermal energy in a coal mining enterprise with separate business units, in the context of securing energy reserves and effectively managing the consumption of this energy. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the aggregation and analysis of historical data of thermal energy consumption, the method of statistical analysis of aggregated data from individual business units of the coal mining company was applied. Findings: The applied statistical analysis of the aggregate data made it possible to verify the planned short- and long-term activities for each group of facilities of the coal mining company. Research limitations/implications: The further direction of the research requires verification of the obtained results of the statistical analysis, after completing the data of thermal energy consumption in the following years and correlating the obtained results with the introduced pro¬efficiency measures in the enterprise so as to clarify the division of the enterprise's facilities into individual groups. Practical implications: Statistical analysis of thermal energy consumption, can become an effective tool to support the process of managing pro-efficiency measures in mining enterprises with separate business units. Social implications: The right approach of coal mining companies to thermal energy analysis and management can contribute to securing energy reserves for the local environment in which the company operates. Originality/value: The presented classification of facilities into groups A, B and C and the use of statistical analysis to verify the introduced measures to reduce thermal energy consumption have not yet been introduced and tested in the Polish coal mining industry.

4

Innowacyjne wykorzystanie wód kopalnianych do produkcji energii z zastosowaniem hydrogeneratora w spółce restrukturyzacji kopalń S.A.

Chmiela Andrzej, Piotrowski Janusz, Czerwiński Stefan, Smoliński Adam

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2024

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Vol. 13, iss. 2

58--67

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano efektywność pozyskiwania energii elektrycznej przez hydrogenerator zastosowany w wyrobiskach górniczych pompowni wód kopalnianych. Zastosowanie typowych rozwiązań w nietypowym układzie techniczno-organizacyjnym jest pierwszym tego typu projektem w górnictwie polskim. Projekt przewiduje częściowe pokrycie zapotrzebowania energetycznego pompowni „zieloną” energią. Dodatkowo zastosowanie hydrogeneratora ma na celu rewitalizację obiektów likwidowanej kopalni, utrzymanie dotychczasowych i stworzenie nowych miejsc pracy. Zastosowane innowacyjne wprowadzenie nowych technologii oraz nowoczesnych rozwiązań technicznych i technologicznych, może stać się rozwiązaniem wzorcowym, możliwym do powielania w innych lokalizacjach.

EN

The article analyzes the efficiency of obtaining electricity by a hydrogenerator used in mine excavations in a mine water pumping station. The use of typical solutions in a not typical technical and organizational system is the first project of this type in the Polish mining industry. The project assumes partial coverage of the pumping station's energy demand with "green" energy. Additionally, the use of the hydrogenerator is aimed at revitalizing the facilities of the liquidated mine, maintaining the existing ones and creating new jobs. The innovative introduction of new technologies and modern technical and technological solutions may become a model solution that can be replicated in other locations.

5

Analiza odporności na brak zasilania z krajowej sieci energetycznej w zmodernizowanej pompowni wód kopalnianych

Chmiela Andrzej, Guja Sebastian, Smoliński Adam

Rynek Energii

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2024

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Nr 2

56--66

PL

Postępujące globalne ocieplenie stwarza rosnące zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa dostaw energii w postaci zjawisk „blackoutu”. Celem artykułu jest ocena celowości inwestycyjnej projektów bezpieczeństwa energetycznego przepompowni wód dołowych. Połączenie problematyki odwadniania opuszczonych kopalń, wykorzystania OZE i magazynowania energii dla poprawy bezpieczeństwa zasilania przepompowni nie było dotychczas przedmiotem badań naukowych. Zaprzestanie odpompowywania wód dołowych naraziłoby sąsiednie kopalnie i niżej położone tereny na zalanie. W artykule przeanalizowano cztery technicznie wykonalne warianty modernizacji przepompowni wód kopalnianych. Każdą z opcji charakteryzuje inny poziom bezpieczeństwa dostaw energii i inny poziom zaspokojenia zapotrzebowania na energię. Wszystkie warianty modernizacji przepompowni uwzględniają wytwarzanie energii elektrycznej na własne potrzeby.

EN

Increasing global warming poses a growing threat to the security of energy supply in the form of "blackout" phenomena. The purpose of this article is to assess the investment appropriateness of mine water pumping station energy security projects. The combination of the problems of dewatering abandoned mines, application of RES and energy storage to improve the security of power supply to pumping stations has not yet been the subject of scientiﬁc research. The cessation of mine water pumping would expose neighboring mines and lower—lying areas to ﬂooding. This paper analyzes four technically feasible variants for upgrading mine water pumping stations. Each option is characterized by a different level of energy supply security and a different level of energy demand satisfaction. All of the modernization options for the pumping stations include the generation of electricity for own use.

6

Analiza możliwości obniżenia kosztów uzdatniania wody w projektach samowystarczalności energetycznej pompowni wód kopalnianych

Magdziarczyk Małgorzata, Czerwiński Stefan, Wysocka Małgorzata, Chmiela Andrzej, Smoliński Adam

Rynek Energii

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2024

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Nr 2

43--55

PL

Zmiany klimatyczne, nadmierna emisja gazów cieplarnianych oraz pogarszająca się jakość zasobów wodnych, wymusza działania łagodzące skutki działalności przemysłowej. W artykule przedstawiono przykład możliwości planowania zmian techniczno-organizacyjnych rutynowych działań Spółki Restrukturyzacji Kopalń S.A., związanych z odpompowywaniem wód dołowych w taki sposób, by zarówno ograniczyć wykorzystanie energii ze źródeł kopalnych, zminimalizować emisję CO2, jaki i przyczynić się do ograniczenia zużycia wody ze źródeł konwencjonalnych. Wyniki badań dowiodły, że dostępne projekty w zakresie samowystarczalności energetycznej SRK S.A. charakteryzuje zróżnicowana atrakcyjność inwestycyjną w zależności od przyjętego kryterium oceny, lecz za najbardziej pożądane należy uznać te projekty, w których balans pomiędzy nakładami inwestycyjnymi, a prognozowanym zabezpieczeniem zaopatrzenia w wodę, potrzebami energetycznymi i oczekiwaniami społecznymi jest najkorzystniejszy.

EN

Climate change, excessive emission of greenhouse gases and deterioration of the quality of water resources require measures to mitigate the effects of industrial activity. The article presents an example of the possi bility of planning technical and organizational changes in the routine activities of Spółka Restrukturacji Kopalń S.A. related to the pumping of mine water in such a way as to limit the use of energy from fossil sources, minimize carbon dioxide emissions and contribute to the reduction of water consumption from conventional sources. The results of the research have shown that the available projects in the ﬁeld of energy self-sufﬁciency of SRK S.A. are characterized by a variety of different investment attractiveness, depending on the applied evaluation criterion. Nevertheless, the most desirable projects should be those in which the balance between the investment costs and the forecasted security of water supply, energy needs and social expectations is the most favorable.

7

Poprawa efektywności energetycznej i ekonomicznej przykładowej przepompowni wód z niecki bezodpływowej

Guja Sebastian, Piotrowski Janusz, Niesporek Łukasz, Chmiela Andrzej, Smoliński Adam

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2024

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R. 26, nr 1

30--34

PL

Wieloletnie wydobycie węgla kamiennego spowodowało deniwelację powierzchni terenu, a ta zmieniła warunki hydrogeologiczne. Przez zmiany w morfologii terenu zwiększyło się zagrożenie podtopieniami na powierzchni terenów dotkniętych wpływem eksploatacji górniczej. Bez profilaktyki zalewowej pojawiać się będą zalania i podtopienia stref najbardziej obniżonych oraz zanieczyszczenie wód powierzchniowych, źródeł wody pitnej. W publikacji przeprowadzono analizę możliwości obniżenia kosztów utrzymania funkcjonującej przepompowni wód opadowych z bezodpływowej niecki na terenie zlikwidowanej kopalni. Przedstawiono technicznie możliwe do przeprowadzenia, ekonomicznie uzasadnione rozwiązanie projektowe.

EN

Many years of hard coal mining have caused the land surface to delevelle, which has changed the hydrogeological conditions. Changes in the morphology of the terrain have increased the risk of flooding in areas affected by mining. Without flood prevention, flooding and flooding of the most depressed areas will occur, as well as contamination of surface waters and drinking water sources. The publication analyzes the possibility of reducing the costs of maintaining the functioning rainwater pumping station from a septic tank on the premises of a closed mine. A technically feasible, economically justified design solution was presented.

8

Comprehensive method for estimating the time and expenditures required for mine liquidation processes of business processes

Magdziarczyk Małgorzata, Chmiela Andrzej, Smoliński Adam

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2024

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nr 2 (32)

192--201

EN

The European Green Deal (EU Green Deal) has set the direction for the EU’s energy transition towards climate neutrality by 2050. In Poland, this means moving away from the extraction and use of coal. The Social Contract for the Mining Industry signed in 2021 states the necessity of last mine closure by 2049. Mine closure is a complex, lengthy and costly process. A complex scientific solution may concern the use of rational operations and minimization of mine closure costs. This article presents a system for the elementary assessment of the potential time and cost of coal mine liquidation. Estimating coal mine closure costs in the early design phase is an key aspect of supporting the company dealing with mine closure. The aim of the research was to improve the tool for assessing mine liquidation price. The extended assessment solution proposed in the article is formed on base of statistics of past mining institution liquidation processes. This method can, with minor modifications, be used for each restructuring and revitalizing task for mining industries in the process of liquidation. At the core of the developed method is a preliminary data analysis, which should be confirmed by a complex and multi-criteria estimation of the costs of the planned mine liquidation.

9

Modified method for assessing the required expenditures and estimated time of hard coal mine liquidation

Chmiela Andrzej, Wysocka Małgorzata, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2024

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

337--349

EN

The restructuring of hard coal mining requires significant budgetary expenditures. A comprehensive scientific approach may facilitate the rationalisation and minimisation of mine closure costs. This study proposes a method for the preliminary estimation of the costs and time required for the potential liquidation of a hard coal mine. In addition to a literature review, a statistical analysis and a case study, personal interviews were conducted with individuals with direct management over the restructuring, reclamation and liquidation processes pertaining to mines undergoing closure. The assessment method is based on an analysis of the mine liquidation costs, divided into successive years of the course of the aforementioned processes. The method does not pertain directly to the specific liquidation processes conducted at SRK S.A., but it can also be employed by any entity conducting mine liquidation as a comparative tool for the detailed and multi-criterial estimation of the costs of planned mine closure.

10

Mathematical model for the management of the wave processes in three-winding transformers with consideration of the main magnetic flux in mining industry

Seheda M. S., Beshta O. S., Gogolyuk P. F., Blyznak Yu. V., Dychkovskyi R. D., Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2024

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

20--39

EN

The aim of the work is to study the wave processes in three-winding power transformers caused by impulse overvoltage, to create an improved mathematical model for reproducing the process of distribution and transmission of the impulse in the windings of a three-winding power transformer. A mathematical model has been developed for the study of internal overvoltage in the windings of three-winding power transformers, based on the proposed substitute circuit of an infinitesimal element, taking into account the longitudinal and transverse inductive connections between the turns of the winding, the electromagnetic connections between the windings and the flux splitting from the main magnetic flux of the magnetic wire, in the form of a system of differential equations in partial derivatives using a modified method of variable separation. The formation of initial and boundary conditions for this mathematical model is presented. The results of the study of the distribution of overvoltage along the windings of a three-winding power transformer as a function of distance and time during the action of a voltage pulse on them are presented, as well as the distribution of overvoltage at different points of the winding of high, medium and low voltage as a function of time. The study of the wave processes in the windings of a three-winding power transformer makes it possible to form new approaches to the coordination of the insulation in the windings of the transformer, replacing physical experiments. The choice of insulation for high and ultra-high-voltage power transformers remains a particularly difficult engineering task since it is necessary to know the maximum voltage values at different points of the winding. The mathematical model presented can be used to create more complex models that allow a more detailed study of the wave processes.

11

Coal mines in light of the provisions of the proposed Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector, amending Regulation (EU) 2019/942

Zięba Magdalena, Skiba Jacek, Kalisz Piotr, Kościarz Regina, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2024

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

407--423

EN

In December 2021, the European Commission presented a draft Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/942. The article summarizes the proposed EU rules on methane emissions from coal mines. In addition, it summarizes the figures of anthropogenic methane emissions for the European Union countries from the three main emission sources: agriculture, waste and the energy sector. The volumes of methane emissions from EU and Polish coal mines are also presented and divided into underground and surface mines, as well as active mines, abandoned mines and post-mining activities.

12

Analysis of the use of unexploited coal resources in liquidated mines: a case study of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland

Pieszczek Marek, Smoliło Janusz, Wysocka Małgorzata, Chmiela Andrzej, Smoliński Adam

Geological Quarterly

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2024

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Vol. 68, No. 4

art. no. 39

EN

The reactivation of unexploited coal deposits is complicated and expensive. Profits in the event of success of such a task in liquidated mines would probably only slightly exceed incurred outlays. Nevertheless, when market conditions change, a return to unexploited resources should be considered. Assessment of the possibility of using unexploited hard coal resources in liquidated mines has not yet been scientifically studied, with available literature being concerned only with some general issues of this field. We propose a simple method that informs on the possibility of developing unexploited hard coal resources as a tool to support decision-making processes. The information obtained can be used as a reference point for detailed analysis and multi-criteria evaluation of potentially resources that are ready to use. This method is dedicated to mines that are liquidated. However, after some modifications, the method might also be used by more widely. Given current political and economic circumstances, no attempt is being made to reactivate coal reserves that are left behind. However, it cannot be ruled out that, in the face of a potential energy crisis, changes to the political consensus and climate protection agreements may be considered. In both Europe and Asia, some mines were liquidated according to procedures that did not cut off the possibility of a return to mining – the shafts and part of the infrastructure were protected.

13

Zastosowanie hydrogeneratora w trakcie produkcji energii z wykorzystaniem wód kopalnianych jako nowatorskie rozwiązania w Spółce Restrukturyzacji Kopalń S.A.

Smoliło Janusz, Gajdzik Marta, Chmiela Andrzej, Smoliński Adam

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2024

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nr 5

12--17

EN

In consequence of European Union's policies, and particularly the European Green Deal, Poland has been urged to phase out all coal mining. Spółka Restrukturyzacji Kopalń S.A. (The Mine Restructuring Company) is protecting the active mines neighboring with liquidated mines against water threats, by pumping out 100 million m3 of water from liquidated mines a year. This involves the high cost of purchasing ca. 300 GWh of electricity a year. The company has been cutting its operating costs, among others, by building its own RES facilities, including hydrogenerators. The first of them, utilizing a 225-meter water drop in the shaft, was built in 2023 in the „Boże Dary" Stationary Pump Station. The generator is capable of producing ca. 3.18 MWh of electricity a day. According to a completed feasibility analysis, the return on investment period is 6.41 years. Apart from a quick return on investment, the system in question will partially cover the pump house's energy demand with „green" energy, thus improving the safety of energy supplies.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia pozyskiwanie energii elektrycznej przez hydrogenerator zastosowany w pompowni wód kopalnianych i wskazuje na zalety takiego rozwiązania (częściowe pokrycie zapotrzebowania energetycznego pompowni „zieloną" energią, wzrost bezpieczeństwa dostawy energii i szybki zwrot nakładów inwestycyjnych). Doświadczenia ruchowe przy eksploatacji wskazują, że taki układ techniczno-organizacyjny może stać się rozwiązaniem możliwym do zastosowania w innych lokalizacjach.

14

Multi-criteria analysis of the possibility of retrofitting the system of rainwater drainage from subsidence basins in a liquidated mine

Chmiela Andrzej, Wysocka Małgorzata, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

|

Vol. 22. iss. 4

295--307

EN

Mine closure is the natural final stage of mining activity. The process of financing mine liquidation is complex and expensive. The many years of conducted hard coal extraction affect the surface height differences. Analyses of the shifts in hydrogeological conditions and water hazard states in mining plants led to legal regulation adaptations, primarily in terms of hydrogeological documentation preparation, and made it necessary to conduct work concerning new options for water hazard assessment and prevention. Current subjects of particular interest include shifts in terrain morphology and the water regime, resulting in periodic flooding and permanent flooding of the most depressed areas as well as changes in the directions and intensity of surface water flows. This publication presents a multi-criteria analysis of the possibility of reducing the liquidation costs of an inactive mine through the retrofitting of the existing system of rainwater drainage from subsidence basins. The analysis revealed the primary factors disrupting the course of the drainage process and the problems resulting from them. Technically feasible solutions is presented, together with their assessment. Applying the multi-criteria analysis made it possible to select optimal solutions from a group of proposed technical system retrofitting variants.

15

Managing the rock mass destruction under the explosion

Kononenko Maksym, Khomenko Oleh, Sadovenko Іvan, Sobolev Valeriy, Pazynich Yuliya, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

|

Vol. 22. iss. 3

240--247

EN

Using the theory of elasticity and the main provisions of the quasi-static-wave hypothesis of the mechanism of the destruction of a solid medium under the action of an explosion, analytical modelling of the parameters of the formation of crumpling zones and crushing of the rock mass around the charging cavity during its explosive loading was carried out. Analytical models of the radii of the crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing zones formed around the charging cavity in the rock mass during its explosive loading, taking into account the pressure of the explosion products, the limit of tensile-compressive strength of the rocks, their structural composition, fracturing and compaction under the action of rock pressure, were developed. Based on the change in the stress-strain state of the rock mass under the action of the explosion, numerical modelling of the radii of the zones of crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing was performed using the finite element method. According to the simulation results, the power dependence of the change in the radii of the crumpling and fragmentation zones of the rock mass was determined depending on the diameter of the charging cavity, the pressure of the explosion products, and the limit of rock compressive strength. By comparing the results of analytical and numerical modelling for rigid boundary conditions of a homogeneous non-cracked rock mass, the difference in the values of the radii of the defined zones was established as being 4, 8 and 6%, respectively. The resulting analytical models of the radii of crushing zones, intensive fragmentation and fracturing increase the accuracy of estimating the parameters of rock mass destruction by explosion by up to 50% and improve the parameters of drilling and blasting operations when carrying out mining operations, special purpose cavities and rocking of the rock mass.

16

Analysis of mercury content inside mining waste dump – case study in the Upper Silesia in Poland

Michalska Anna, Smoliński Adam, Koteras Aleksandra

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 67, no. 1

95--106

EN

Mercury is ranked third on the Substance Priority List, an index of substances determined to pose the most significant potential threat to human health compiled by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. This element is activated with the extraction of hard coal and accumulated in the natural environment or re-emitted from the waste deposited on dumping grounds. So far, studies on mercury content have focused on the analysis of the dumps surface and the adjacent areas. In this paper, the detection of mercury content inside mining waste dumping grounds was analysed. The recognition of mercury content in the profile of the mining waste dump is important in terms of the dismantling of the facility. The dismantling may pose a risk of environmental pollution with mercury due to the possibility of increased fire risk, re-emission, and the transfer of xenobiotics to another place. In this paper, the study of mercury content in the mining waste dump profile was presented. The research demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between the mercury content and the sampling depth. The mercury content in the mining waste was determined based on the rank and origin of hard coal only. Therefore, intensive efforts should be undertaken to identify the environmental hazards arising from the dismantling of mining waste dumps and to adopt measures to prevent these hazards.

17

Application of synthetic aperture radar interferometry to monitor surface deformations of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) - a case study of the motorways crossing areas of mining operations in the Upper Silesian coal basin, Poland

Stawinoga Mariusz, Pindel Tomasz, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 3

136--143

EN

Underground hard coal mining causes surface deformations. When the mining operations are conducted beneath linear objects, such as motorways, there is a risk of deformations of the axis of the road and its horizontal and vertical alignment (additional bends and vertical curvatures, longitudinal inclinations, deformations of cross-sections). In the areas subjected to mining operations, mining plants conduct geodetic monitoring. Due to their labour intensity and costs, geodetic measurements are usually made only a few times a year. The article discusses the possibility of applying Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to monitor the subsidence of the vertical alignment of motorways caused by mining operations and its advantages and disadvantages compared to the currently used methods of geodetic measurements. The tests were conducted in two sections of motorways within the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) in the areas of intensive hard coal mining operations. Radar imaging of the surface made by the European Space Agency's (ESA) satellite Sentinel-1 equipped with the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) was used.

18

Thermochemical utilization of low rank coal and flotation concentrate

Gąsior Rafał, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2019

|

Vol. 18, iss. 2

109--111

EN

Flotation concentrates are waste material from coal mine operation. The process of steam gasification seems to be an attractive option for their economic utilization and an alternative to their potential combustion in boilers. The gasification process is characterized by both higher efficiency and lower emission of pollution than conventional combustion systems. In this paper the results of the steam gasification of low rank coal and flotation concentrate into hydrogen-rich gas at the temperature of 800 °C are presented. The reactivity for 50% carbon conversion as well as the maximum reactivity in this process were calculated for the samples studied.

19

Toxicological evaluation of thermal treatment of drilling waste from shale gas exploration in Poland

Drzewicz Przemysław, Nałęcz-Jawecki Grzegorz, Drobniewska Agata, Zgadzaj Anna, Smoliński Adam, Krzan Marcel, Starzycka Anita

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 1

45--57

EN

The oil containing drilling waste is a worldwide environmental problem associated with oil and gas exploration. In Poland, the problem of the drilling waste has become important since starting of shale gas exploration. The results of thermal treatment of drilling waste from shale gas exploration are presented. It has been shown that organic content vaporized completely at temperature up to 500 °C. The main problem is high content of chloride, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium in the waste and its water leachate. Toxicity tests confirmed that high salinity of the samples pose important risk for environment. Due to the high content of barium, the drilling waste may be utilized in production of cement with high chemical and heat resistance and opaque to X-ray. Thermal treatment process is a viable option for remediation of the drilling waste; however, the product of the process needs further treatment in order to remove its high salinity.