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  1. 21 TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
  2. 9 Annual of Navigation
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  1. 10 Fellner A.
  2. 9 Krasuski Kamil
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1
Content available Selected Operational Problems and Challenges for the Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Fellner Andrzej, Fellner Radosław
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2025
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Vol. 19 No. 2
569--575
EN
Scientific and technological developments mean that Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) play a key role in industry, business, science and education and rescue. This is due to ongoing research, the implementation of the results of deployment projects, and the plans and forecasts of international organisations. In the literature, there are three main groups of factors determining the development of technology in the aviation sector: user/user expectations, technical capabilities, legal basis. The cooperation of actors integrates the aviation environment and creates an interdisciplinary jigsaw of systems: navigation, air traffic management, safety, communication, flexibility and efficiency and airspace capacity, surveillance and radiolocation. As a result of experiments and the operational use of unmanned systems, e.g. during rescue and firefighting operations in the Biebrza National Park in 2020, it was found that the prerequisite for the safe and precise performance of a task by an UAS is the initial and direct navigational preparation. The experience gained and conclusions made it possible to develop a concept of navigational preparation for UAS. The above issues integrating the approach of security studies and safety engineering disciplines are presented in the article.
2
Content available A Novel Network RTK Technique for Mobile Platforms: Extending High-Precision Positioning to Offshore Environments
Chen Wu, Ding Junsheng, Wang Yuyan, Mi Xiaolong, Liu Tong
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2025
|
Vol. 19 No. 2
371--380
EN
Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) positioning, as the most mature real-time high-precision positioning technology, is widely recognized for its centimetre-level accuracy, operational efficiency, and extensive application potential. However, conventional NRTK systems rely on reference stations anchored to bedrock-based infrastructure, limiting their coverage to terrestrial areas within Continuous Operating Reference Station (CORS) networks. This architectural limitation renders conventional NRTK inapplicable for offshore and marine environments. To overcome this geographical constraint, we propose an innovative NRTK framework for mobile platforms featuring (1) simultaneous estimation of atmospheric delays and baseline dynamics to get precise relative coordinate movements, (2) the regularization method is applied to de-correlate the positional and atmospheric parameters and the regularization coefficients are optimized by mean square error minimization, and (3) integration of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) at a main base station to maintain an absolute position reference for the network. Experimental validation using Hong Kong's terrestrial CORS network demonstrates that the proposed marine-adapted system achieves positioning accuracy comparable to conventional bedrock-based NRTK, with three-dimensional (ENU) errors measuring (2.90, 3.22, 4.32) cm and (2.90, 2.88, 6.70) cm in two operational scenarios. This methodological advancement enables the deployment of buoy-based NRTK systems in marine environments, with significant implications for maritime applications including port traffic management, fishing fleet navigation, and offshore resource exploration. By extending NRTK's operational domain beyond terrestrial boundaries, our technique not only enhances positioning reliability for marine operations but also creates new paradigms for oceanic resource management.
3
Content available Algorithms to improve unmanned aerial vehicle positioning accuracy using European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service and System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring ionospheric corrections
Krasuski Kamil, Bakuła Mieczysław, Gołda Paweł, Ciećko Adam, Grunwald Grzegorz, Mrozik Magda, Kozuba Jarosław
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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2025
|
Vol. 19, no. 1
284--300
EN
This paper presents a modified algorithm for determining the positioning accuracy of a UAV based on a joint GPS/EGNOS+GPS/SDCM (Global Positioning System/European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service+Global Positioning System/ System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring) solution. Firstly, the average weighted model for determining the position of the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was developed. The algorithm takes into account the coordinates from the individual GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution as well as correction coefficients that are a function of the inverse of the ionospheric VTEC (Vertical TEC) delay. Next the accuracy term was estimated in the form of the position errors and RMS (Root Mean Square) errors. Finally the Kalman filter algorithm was used for improved the position errors and RMS errors. The developed algorithm is concerned with determining the positioning accuracy of the UAV for BLh (B-Latitude, L-Longitude, h-ellipsoidal height) ellipsoidal coordinates. The algorithm was tested on kinematic GPS/SBAS (Global Positioning System/Satellite Based Augmentation System) data recorded by a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver placed on a DJI Matrice 300RTK type unmanned platform. As part of the research test, two flights of the UAV were performed on 16 March 2022 in Olsztyn. In the first flight, the proposed algorithm enabled an increase in UAV positioning accuracy from 4% to 57% after Kalman filter process. In the second flight, on the other hand, UAV positioning accuracy was increased from 6% to 42%. The developed algorithm enabled an increase in UAV positioning accuracy and was successfully tested in two independent flight experiments. Ultimately, further research is planned to modify the algorithm with other correction coefficients.
4
Content available New strategy for the designation of the integrity parameter in SBAS positioning in air transport
Mrozik Magda, Kozuba Jarosław, Krasuski Kamil, Ćwiklak Janusz, Bakuła Mieczysław, Beldjilali Bilal
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
|
2024
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z. 122
239--252
EN
The article shows the results of a study on the determination of SBAS satellite positioning integrity parameters as a HPL and VPL protection levels. To this end, a modified algorithm was developed to determine the HPL and VPL protection levels from a common aircraft position navigation solution based on EGNOS and SDCM augmentation systems. The developed mathematical scheme was verified on real GNSS kinematic data recorded by two onboard Septentrio AsterRx2i and Trimble Alloy receivers installed on a Diamond DA 20-C aircraft. Based on the conducted tests, it was found that the HPL parameter does not exceed 12.24 m, while respectively the VPL does not exceed 18.01 m. In addition, in the course of the study it was found that the proposed EGNOS+SDCM solution improves the HPL/VPL integrity determination in relation to the EGNOS solution by 8÷66%. The mathematical scheme used in the study was also applied to designation the HPL/VPL terms for the UAV platform. The obtained results of the HPL/VPL values for the positioning of the aircraft and the UAV platform show a high efficiency of the developed algorithm for improving the integrity parameter.
5
Content available Accuracy analysis of UAV coordinates using EGNOS and SDCM augmentation systems
Krasuski Kamil, Wierzbicki Damian, Kirschenstein Małgorzata, Żukowska Marta, Gołda Paweł
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
|
2024
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z. 123
75--100
EN
SBAS systems are applied in precise positioning of UAV. The paper presents the results of studies on the improvement of UAV positioning with the use of the EGNOS+SDCM solutions. In particular, the article focuses on the application of the model of totaling the SBAS positioning accuracy to improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of UAVs during the realisation of a test flight. The developed algorithm takes into account the position errors determined from the EGNOS and SDCM solutions. as well as the linear coefficients that are used in the linear combination model. The research was based on data from GPS observations and SBAS corrections from the AsteRx-m2 UAS receiver installed on a Tailsitter platform. The tests were conducted in September 2020 in northern Poland. The application of the proposed algorithm that sums up the positioning accuracy of EGNOS and SDCM allowed for the improvement of the accuracy of determining the position of the UAV by 82-87% in comparison to the application of either only EGNOS or SDCM. Apart from that, another important result of the application of the proposed algorithm was the reduction of outlier positioning errors that reduced the accuracy of the positioning of UAV when a single SBAS solution (EGNOS or SDCM) was used. The study also presents the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of calculating the accuracy of EGNOS+SDCM positioning for the weighted average model. The developed algorithm may be used in research conducted on other SBAS supporting systems.
6
Content available Accuracy analysis of egnos positioning in flight test in air transport
Krasuski Kamil, Kirschenstein Małgorzata, Michalski Daniel, Ciećko Adam, Grunwald Grzegorz
Aviation and Security Issues
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2023
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No. 2
357--373
EN
The purpose of this publication is to determine the accuracy of EGNOS positioning in aviation using correction data from the PRN120 and PRN124 geostationary satellites. The paper compiles GPS satellite data with EGNOS corrections to determine the position of aircraft and to determine positioning accuracy. The study used research material from an airborne experiment carried out in Mielec. GNSS data were elaborated in post-processing mode in the RKTLIB software, and numerical analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel. The average accuracy of EGNOS positioning using data from the PRN120 satellite for B, L, h coordinates was 0.9 m, 0.2 m and 0.3 m, respectively. In contrast, the average accuracy of EGNOS positioning using data from the PRN124 satellite is also similarly 0.9 m, 0.2 m and 0.3 m for BLh coordinates. It was observed that the positioning accuracy at a given measurement epoch is dependent on the number of GPS satellites observed. Furthermore, in the study, the accuracy of EGNOS positioning using corrections from the PRN120 and PRN124 satellites was compared with the certification requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organisation.
PL
Celem niniejszej publikacji jest określenie dokładności pozycjonowania EGNOS w lotnictwie przy użyciu danych korekcyjnych z satelitów geostacjonarnych PRN120 i PRN124. W artykule zastosowano system GPS z poprawkami EGNOS w celu określenia pozycji statku powietrznego i określenia dokładności pozycjonowania statku powietrznego. W badaniu wykorzystano dane z eksperymentu lotniczego przeprowadzonego w Mielcu. Dane GNSS zostały opracowane w trybie post-processingu w oprogramowaniu RKTLIB, a analizy numeryczne wykonano w programie Microsoft Excel. Średnia dokładność pozycjonowania EGNOS z wykorzystaniem danych z satelity PRN120 dla współrzędnych B, L, h wyniosła 0,9 m, 0,2 m i 0,3 m. Natomiast średnia dokładność pozycjonowania EGNOS przy użyciu danych z satelity PRN124 również wynosi 0,9 m, 0,2 m i 0,3 m dla współrzędnych BLh. Zaobserwowano, że dokładność pozycjonowania w danej epoce pomiarowej zależy od liczby obserwowanych satelitów GPS. Ponadto w badaniu dokładność pozycjonowania EGNOS z wykorzystaniem poprawek z satelitów PRN120 i PRN124 została porównana z wymaganiami certyfikacyjnymi Organizacji Międzynarodowego Lotnictwa Cywilnego.
7
Content available Analysis of the precision of determination of aircraft coordinates using EGNOS+SDCM solution
Krasuski Kamil, Lalak Marta, Gołda Paweł, Ciećko Adam, Grunwald Grzegorz, Mrozik Magda, Kozuba Jarosław
Archives of Transport
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2023
|
Vol. 67, iss. 3
105--117
EN
This paper presents an algorithm for determining the precision parameter for aircraft position coordinates based on a combined GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution. The proposed algorithm uses a weighted average model that combines a single GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM position navigation solution to determine the resulting aircraft coordinates. The weighted mean model include the linear coefficients as a function of: the inverse of the number of tracked GPS satellites for which EGNOS and SDCM corrections have been generated, and the inverse of the geometric coefficient of the PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision). The corrections between the single GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution to the aircraft's resultant coordinates are then calculated on this basis. Finally, the standard deviation for the aircraft resultant BLh (B-Latitude, L-Longitude, h-ellipsoidal height) coordinates is calculated as a measure of precision. The research experiment used recorded on-board GPS+SBAS data from two GNSS receivers mounted on a Diamond DA 20-C1 aircraft. The test flight was carried out on the Olsztyn-Suwałki-Olsztyn route. The calculations of aircraft position based on GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution were performed in the RTKLIB v.2.4.3 program in the RTKPOST module. Next, aircraft resultant coordinates and standard deviations were computed in Scilab v.6.0.0 software package. Based on the tests performed, it was found that for the Trimble Alloy receiver, the standard deviation values for the ellipsoidal coordinates BLh of the aircraft do not exceed 1.77 m. However, for the Septentrio AsterRx2i receiver, the values of standard deviations for the aircraft's ellipsoidal BLh coordinates do not exceed 5.04 m. The use of linear coefficients as the inverse of the number of tracked GPS satellites with SBAS corrections in the GPS/EGNOS+GPS/SDCM positioning model resulted in a reduction in standard deviations of approximately 50-51% relative to the solution with linear coefficients calculated as the inverse of the PDOP parameter. In paper, the standard deviation was also obtained using arithmetic mean model. However the values of standard deviation from weighted mean model are lower than arithmetic mean model.
8
Content available Zastosowanie metody pozycjonowania SBAS/EGNOS do wyznaczenia współrzędnych BSP
Jafernik Henryk, Krasuski Kamil, Wierzbicki Damian, Ćwiklak Janusz
Przegląd Komunikacyjny
|
2022
|
R. 77, nr 2/3
16--21
PL
W artykule dokonano przedstawienia wyników badań dotyczących wyznaczenia pozycji BSP (Bezzałogowy Statek Powietrzny) z użyciem metody pozycjonowania SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) dla systemu wspomagania EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service). W eksperymencie wykorzystano jednoczęstotliwościowy odbiornik AsteRx-m2 UAS, który rejestrował obserwacje satelitarne GPS (Global Positioning System) oraz poprawki EGNOS. Lot testowy wykonano w 2020 r. w okolicach Warszawy. Obliczenia nawigacyjne dla określenia pozycji BSP podczas lotu wykonano w oprogramowaniu gLAB v.5.5.1. Na podstawie wykonanych obliczeń wyznaczono: współrzędne BSP w układzie elipsoidalnym BLh, błędy średnie współrzędnych BSP, wartości współczynników geometrycznych DOP (Dilution of Precision). Ponadto w trakcie wykonanych obliczeń stwierdzono, że wartości błędów średnich wyznaczonych współrzędnych BSP nie przekraczają 3.6 m, zaś maksymalna wartość współczynnika geometrycznego GDOP (Geometric DOP) jest mniejsza niż 3.5.
EN
The article presents the results of research on the determination of the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) position using the SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) positioning method for the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) support system. The experiment used a single-frequency AsteRx-m2 UAS receiver, which recorded GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite observations and EGNOS corrections. The test flight was made in 2020 near Warsaw. Navigation calculations for determining the UAV position during the flight were made in the gLAB v.5.5.1 software. On the basis of the performed calculations, the following were determined: BSP coordinates in the ellipsoidal system BLh, mean errors of the BSP coordinates, values of the geometric coefficients DOP (Dilution of Precision). Moreover, during the performed calculations, it was found that the mean errors of the determined UAV coordinates do not exceed 3.6 m, and the maximum value of the Geometric DOP coefficient is lower than 3.5.
9
Content available Analysis of the accuracy of EGNOS+SDCM positioning in aerial navigation
Mrozik Magda, Kozuba Jarosław, Krasuski Kamil, Ćwiklak Janusz, Bakuła Mieczysław, Ciećko Adam, Grunwald Grzegorz, Wierzbicki Damian
Archives of Transport
|
2022
|
Vol. 64, iss. 4
135--144
EN
The article presents a modified scheme of determining the accuracy parameter of SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) positioning with use of two supporting systems: EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) and SDCM (System of Differential Correction and Monitoring). The proposed scheme is based on the weighted mean model, which combines single solutions of EGNOS and SDCM positions in order to calculate the accuracy of positioning of the aerial vehicle. The applied algorithm has been tested in a flight experiment conducted in 2020 in north-eastern Poland. The phase of approach to landing of a Diamond DA 20-C1 aircraft at the EPOD airport (European Poland Olsztyn Dajtki) was subjected to numerical analysis. The Septentrio AsterRx2i geodesic receiver was installed on board of the aircraft to collect and record GPS (Global Positioning System) observations to calculate the navigation position of the aircraft. In addition, the EGNOS and SDCM corrections in the “*.ems” format were downloaded from the real time server data. The computations were realized in RTKPOST library of the RTKLIB v.2.4.3 software and also in SciLab application. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the accuracy of aircraft positioning from the EGNOS+SDCM solution ranged from -1.63 m to +3.35 m for the ellipsoidal coordinates BLh. Additionally, the accuracy of determination of the ellipsoidal height h was 1÷28% higher in the weighted mean model than in the arithmetic mean model. On the other hand, the accuracy of determination of the ellipsoidal height h was 1÷28% higher in the weighted mean model than for the single EGNOS solution. Additionally, the weighted mean model reduced the resultant error of the position RMS-3D by 1÷13% in comparison to the arithmetic mean model. The mathematical model used in this study proved to be effective in the analysis of the accuracy of SBAS positioning in aerial navigation.
10
Content available Analysis of the determination of the accuracy parameter for dual receivers based on egnos solution in aerial navigation
Krasuski Kamil, Ćwiklak Janusz, Bakuła Mieczysław, Mrozik Magda
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
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2022
|
Vol. 16, no. 4
365--372
EN
The paper presents the results of research on the determination of the accuracy parameter for European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System (EGNOS) positioning for a dual set of on-board global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. The study focusses in particular on presenting a modified algorithm to determine the accuracy of EGNOS positioning for a mixed model with measurement weights. The mathematical algorithm considers the measurement weights as a function of the squared inverse and the inverse of the position dilution of precision (PDOP) geometrical coefficient. The research uses actual EGNOS measurement data recorded by two on-board GNSS receivers installed in a Diamond DA 20-C airplane. The calculations determined the accuracy of EGNOS positioning separately for each receiver and the resultant value for the set of two GNSS receivers. Based on the conducted tests, it was determined that the mixed model with measurement weights in the form of a function of the inverse square of the PDOP geometrical coefficient was the most efficient and that it improved the accuracy of EGNOS positioning by 37%–63% compared to the results of position errors calculated separately for each GNSS receiver.
11
Content available Evolution of SBAS/EGNOS enabled devices in maritime
López M., Antón V.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2021
|
Vol. 15 No. 3
543--549
EN
The maritime sector was one of the first communities that recognized and exploited the opportunities and advantages provided by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In fact, GNSS have become the primary means of obtaining Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) information at sea. Most of the ships in the world are equipped with GNSS receivers. GPS provides the fastest and most accurate method for mariners to navigate, measure speed, and determine location. However, its performance can be enhanced by taking advantage of augmentation systems such as differential GNSS or Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS/EGNOS), especially in terms of accuracy. Direct access to EGNOS in vessels can be achieved through EGNOS-enabled navigation receivers and EGNOS-enabled AIS transponders. This paper provides an analysis of the number of onboard devices, mainly devoted to navigation purposes, and AIS transponders which are SBAS compatible. In addition, other equipment using GNSS positioning in the maritime and inland waterways domains are also considered for the analysis of SBAS compatibility, including inland AIS, Portable Pilot Units (PPUs) and Dynamic Positioning (DP) equipment. A first survey was done in 2017 to have an overview of the percentage of SBAS enabled devices available in the maritime market [8]. Since then, the analysis has been yearly updated to understand the market evolution in terms of SBAS compatibility and its main results are summarised in this paper.
12
Content available EGNOS performance along finnish coast
González R., Lacarra E., López M., Heikonen K.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2021
|
Vol. 15 No. 3
551--556
EN
The purpose of this article is on one side to inform Maritime community about the ongoing activities adopted for the provision of EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) L1 maritime service and IEC standardisation process to produce a new IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard for SBAS maritime receivers and on the other side, to demonstrate the benefits of the SBAS system in Europe, EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) in high latitudes to Maritime community.
13
Content available Support to maritime and inland waterways service providers for the transmission of EGNOS Corrections via IALA beacons and AIS/VDES stations
López M., Cano M., Martínez R., Álvarez C., Tavira L., Morán J., Antón V., Vázquez J.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2019
|
Vol. 13, no. 1
45--52
EN
The use of SBAS corrections for navigation, in both coastal waters and inland waterways, has already brought the attention of many European authorities, which are interested in its potential to complement/replace their DGPS radio beacon networks. The European GNSS Agency (GSA) has an active long-term trajectory working to foster the EGNOS adoption in maritime through the launch of several actions whose results will pave the way for the provision of maritime EGNOS services. In this line, GSA awarded the consortium ALG-Indra, ESSP and Alberding with the Specific Contract GSA/OP/07/13/SC24 ‘Support to Maritime Service Providers for the transmission of EGNOS corrections via IALA beacons and AIS/VDES stations’. The main objective of this Specific Contract is to demonstrate the operational performance of the transmission of EGNOS corrections converted to Differential GPS corrections over the existing transmission infrastructure (AIS base stations/IALA beacons) in the Maritime and Inland Waterways (IWW) domains, while providing a detailed cost benefit analysis of the solutions proposed. This service may complement the current GNSS augmentation services exploiting synergies and benefiting from the current infrastructure and standards, facilitating the adoption of EGNOS by maritime and inland waterways authorities. Furthermore, the service has no impact at user level since the DGNSS corrections are transmitted over the existing infrastructure, in the same format and implementing the same integrity mechanisms required for traditional IALA beacons ([1]). This project will allow the maritime and IWW service providers to have a clear understanding about the technical, operational and economic feasibility of the transmission of EGNOS corrections via IALA beacons and AIS/VDES stations.
14
Content available SBAS guidelines for shipborne receiver: EGNOS performance based on IMO Res. A.1046 (27)
Magdaleno Sergio, Lacarra Elisabet, Casa de la Carlos, López Manuel, Roldán Roberto, Blanco Nuria
Annual of Navigation
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2019
|
No. 26
76--91
EN
The European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) augments the open public service offered by the GPS in Europe making suitable the use of GPS for safety critical applications. EGNOS is designed according to the same standard [ICAO SARPs, 2018] such as US WAAS, Japanese MSAS, GAGAN in India, SDCM in Russia and KAAS in South Korea and provides over Europe both corrections and integrity information about the GPS system. As the European SBAS, EGNOS offers three services: Open Service, Safety-of-life Service and EDAS. In general, the EGNOS Safety-of-life (SoL) Service is intended for transport applications in different domains (and currently in use by Aviation) where lives could be endangered if the performance of the navigation system is degraded below specific accuracy limits without giving notice in the specified time to alert. This requires that the relevant authority of the particular transport domain determines specific requirements for the navigation service based on the needs of that domain. Even if the main objective of the SBAS systems is the civil aviation community, the advantages provided by this technology are very useful to users from other domains. In this sense, a new EGNOS service for maritime is currently under development with the objective to complement the existing maritime radionavigation systems (e.g. DGNSS) in the European region for enhanced accuracy and integrity information where there is no back-up infrastructure or in poorly covered environments. One of the steps needed for the development of this new EGNOS maritime service is the definition of a minimum set of recommendations for receiver manufacturers to provide them with a clear view on how to design their SBAS receivers to be compliant with the requirements defined for such a service. For that, EC, GSA, ESA and ESSP SAS have been working together since 2016 to develop guidelines for manufacturers for the implementation of SBAS in shipborne receiver. These guidelines, developed in the frame of the SBAS Working Group created in the Special Committee (SC) 104 on Differential Global Navigation Satellite Systems (DGNSS) of Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM), define a minimum set SBAS messages to be compliant with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Resolution A.1046 and additionally provide a test specifications. This paper presents a summary of these SBAS guidelines as well as the preliminary list of tests that must be fulfilled to be compliant. Additionally, a preliminary performance assessment of the EGNOS maritime service based on IMO Res. A.1046 (27) for a 24-months period during 2016, 2017 and 2018 is presented. The performance parameters are calculated using real data to show what level of performance was attained by EGNOS. The assessment was done using both EGNOS ground monitoring stations (RIMS) and fault-free receivers, based on these guidelines, fed with actual data. The performance is shown for each performance parameter defined in the IMO Res. A.1046 (27) and for navigation in Ocean Waters and coastal waters, harbour entrances and harbour approaches. The paper also includes Service Coverage maps representing where EGNOS maritime service based on IMO Res. A.1046 (27) is fulfilling the requirements. Furthermore, GSA and ESSP, with the collaboration of The Norwegian Coastal Administration and Hurtigruten Cruises, carried out a GNSS data collection campaign of 10 days along the Norwegian coast with a trajectory through Trondheim to Kirkenes and Kirkenes to Bergen in February 2018. The aim of this data campaign was to assess EGNOS performance at user level in the maritime domain at high latitudes in Europe. The data campaign includes the navigation outside the MT27 region defined in EGNOS at that moment (70ºN). A performance assessment of EGNOS using some commercial receivers and a software receiver in line with the SBAS guidelines will be presented, showing the observed accuracy and availably results of the EGNOS solution.
15
Content available Reliability test of a GNSS onboard receiver in the kinematic mode
Ćwiklak Janusz, Krasuski Kamil, Grzegorzewski Marek
Annual of Navigation
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2019
|
No. 26
106--113
EN
The article presents the results of the aircraft Cessna 172 positioning based on navigation solutions in the GPS and EGNOS (SBAS) tracking mode. The article makes a comparison of coordinate readings of the Cessna 172 in the ellipsoidal BLh frame. The verification of the coordinates of the aircraft Cessna 172 was used to assess the reliability of the GNSS satellite technique in aviation. In a research test, the navigation data were recorded by the onboard receiver Thales Mobile Mapper during an air test performed over the military aerodrome EPDE in Dęblin. Judging by the conducted investigations, it is possible to conclude that the difference in BLh coordinates of the aircraft Cessna 172 on the basis of the GPS solution and EGNOS (SBAS) solution equals, respectively: from -0.5 m to +3 m for component B; and from -2 m to +6 m for component L; from approximately -11 m to over +1 m for component h. In addition, the paper defines factors of dilution of precision PDOP, based on the GPS and EGNOS (SBAS) solutions. The average value of the PDOP coefficient for a solution in the tracking GPS mode was 2.7, whereas in the EGNOS (SBAS) tracking mode, it was equal to 2.8.
16
Content available SBAS/EGNOS enabled devices in maritime
López M., Anton V.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2018
|
Vol. 12, no. 1
23--27
EN
Nowadays, it is a fact that Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become the primary means of obtaining Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) information at sea. Most of the ships in the world are equipped with GNSS receivers. And currently these users take advantage of different augmentation systems such as DGNSS or SBAS/EGNOS, as they provide an adequate answer, especially in terms of accuracy and integrity. To take advantage of this improved accuracy, direct access to EGNOS in vessels can be achieved through EGNOS-enabled navigation receivers and EGNOS-enabled AIS transponders. Therefore, the natural question is: Are those GNSS receivers SBAS (EGNOS) enabled? In most cases they are; SBAS is being used. This paper provides an analysis of the number of onboard devices, mainly devoted to navigation purposes and AIS transponders, which are SBAS compatible.
17
Content available Guidance for the preparation of EGNOS National Market Analysis
Fellner A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2018
|
Vol. 12, no. 2
349--355
EN
The objective of this article is to provide some guidance to perform the activities regarding to “The EGNOS country market analysis”. Such analyses are necessary during the implementation of EGONS for operational activity. The presented algorithm of proceedings was validated during conducted examinations, of aviation tests in the framework of the SHERPA project (Support ad-Hoc to Eastern Region with Pre-operational Actions on GNSS) under the Agreement Grant No. 287246 with the GSA (European GNSS Agency). Next it was admitted as the European model of conducting analyses of this type in aviation.
18
Content available Assessment of GNSS Position Integrity with the Use of Postprocessed EGNOS Data in the Area of Szczecin-Świnoujście Waterway
Bilewski M., Zalewski P.
Annual of Navigation
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2018
|
No. 25
67--77
EN
GNSS measurements can be supplemented by the information available in EGNOS system even if one has only GNSS receiver that is not processing Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems data. The article describes how to obtain the variances of ranges to the satellites used for positioning when the final antenna position and satellites’ elevation and azimuths values are recorded. To verify how the resultant estimates of position error correspond to real errors the research based on GPS receiver was conducted.
PL
Pomiary GNSS mogą być wspomagane informacją dostępną w systemie EGNOS nawet, gdy wykorzystuje się odbiornik GNSS, który nie jest zdolny do przetwarzania danych z system SBAS. W artykule opisano, w jaki sposób można uzyskać informację o wariancji pomierzonych odległości do satelitów, jeśli znane są pozycja anteny oraz azymuty i wysokości satelitów ponad horyzontem. Dla zweryfikowania, w jakim stosunku pozostają estymowane błędy pozycji względem rzeczywistych błędów przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych z użyciem odbiornika GPS.
19
Content available Application of the GPS/EGNOS solution for the precise positioning of an aircraft vehicle
Krasuski K.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
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2017
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z. 96
81--93
EN
The results of research concerning the implementation of the GNSS technique in the area of air navigation are presented in this article. In particular, a research test was conducted for the purposes of checking the functioning of a satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) to assist with air navigation. Ultimately, analyses of the parameters of accuracy, availability, continuity and integrity with the procedure when landing aircraft with an SBAS APV-I landing were conducted. The navigation and observation data of the GPS system and differential European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) corrections were used in the research test. The navigation and observation data of the GPS system in the RINEX format were registered through the Topcon Hiper Pro receiver placed in the cabin of pilots in the Cessna 172 aircraft during a flight experiment conducted in Dęblin in 2010. The coordinates of the Cessna 172 aircraft in the ellipsoid BLh frame were reconstructed by using the solution offered by the single point positioning (SPP) method in the RTKLIB program. The accuracy when setting coordinates of the aircraft is higher than 2.4 m in the horizontal plane and better than 4 m in the vertical plane. The integrity of the satellite positioning is higher than 15 m in the horizontal plane and better than 21.1 m in the vertical plane. The availability of the constellation of GPS/EGNOS satellites equalled 100% during the flight experiment, which confirms that the loss of continuity when determining the position of the aircraft did not occur. The parameters of the accuracy and the integrity with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) technical standards were compared in this article. The results of the conducted test shows that the presented research methods can be applied in the precise positioning of the aircraft when using the GPS/EGNOS solution for air navigation.
20
Content available The comparison of EGNOS performance at the airports located in eastern Poland
Ciećko A., Grunwald G.
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
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2017
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nr 20(2)
181--198
EN
The European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) is the first pan-European satellite navigation system. EGNOS makes GPS suitable for safety critical applications such as flying and landing an aircraft. To use EGNOS in aviation the system monitoring and validation in certain localization in needed, as well as official flight procedure design and certification. According to these rules, several GNSS/EGNOS stations located at Polish airfields are currently operational, permanently collecting EGNOS data. The newest monitoring station was established and put into operation at the Polish Air Force Academy in Dęblin in the beginning of 2016. Dęblin is situated in central-eastern part of Poland (south of Warsaw). Until recently this area was on the edge of official coverage of EGNOS services, especially Safety-of-Life (SoL) service. Latest official documents declare that theoretically the eastern part of Poland is currently fully covered with EGNOS SoL service, however this still needs to be practically confirmed. New station equipped with the newest Javad Delta-3 GNSS receiver will allow to evaluate practical quality of EGNOS in this area. The article presents preliminary results of EGNOS Safety of Life service performance in Dęblin in comparison to the results obtained in Olsztyn which is situated in north-eastern part of Poland (north of Warsaw). The main parameters characterizing navigational system i.e. accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability were analyzed in detail. The results can be the basis to assess the possibility of implementation of the EGNOS APV approach and landing procedures in Dęblin and Olsztyn.
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