Purpose: The subject of smart city development in the face of increasing challenges related to digitalization, as well as social, economic, and environmental pressures, remains highly topical. The aim of this article is to provide a systematic review and synthesis of the literature on maturity models in the context of managing smart city development. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, ensuring the rigor, transparency, and reproducibility of the research process. An analysis of 33 smart city maturity models was performed based on criteria such as the conceptualization of the smart city notion, the number of maturity levels, the domains of intelligent solution implementation, and the practical application of the models for assessing city maturity. Findings: The systematic literature review indicates that the evolution of smart city maturity models reflects a paradigm shift from a technologically oriented perception of the smart city as a set of ICT-based solutions towards an integrated, systemic approach in which governance, data, participation, and resilience constitute mutually interlinked pillars. Research limitations/implications: The literature review covers publications in English, which may limit access to information on national or local maturity models developed for specific countries or communities. Practical implications: Urban stakeholders - taking into account city size, historical and cultural background, and their own development objectives - may apply the most appropriate model identified in the review to suit their specific needs, as well as conduct comparative analyses with selected cities for which maturity assessments have already been performed. Originality/value: The study provides a comprehensive and the most extensive literature review published to date on existing smart city maturity models, including an indication of their practical application.
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Background: Organizations face the challenge of making strategic decisions to build a carbon-neutral and competitive future through the adoption of digital technologies. This pressure arises from rapidly evolving global market conditions and the need to achieve required emission reductions. For a successful deployment of Industry 4.0 technologies to support decarbonization, it is crucial for organizations to assess their competencies and establish a clear path forward. Digital maturity models are effective frameworks for measuring an organization's digital capabilities, and several such models have been developed. However, existing models often overlook environmental dimensions, focusing primarily on profit-driven growth. To address this gap, a Digital Decarbonization Maturity Model has been developed. This paper aims to evaluate the model’s effectiveness and applicability by assessing the current state of digital decarbonization within organizations and identifying opportunities for advancement, drawing on empirical insights from a focus group. Methods: The design science research approach is employed to test, verify, and validate the proposed Digital Decarbonization Maturity Model, treating it as an IT artefact. Design science research aims to generate practice-relevant knowledge about the design of artefacts such as constructs, models, or methods. The model is tested and validated using empirical insights from a focus group composed of industry actors from various manufacturing sectors. Results: The assessment of the proposed model produced several key findings across its dimensions. First, partnerships with diverse stakeholders were identified as a critical success factor. Additional findings highlight the importance of leveraging employee expertise, digital technologies, and business model innovation. Finally, the assessment also revealed several challenges associated with the use of digital technologies for decarbonization. Conclusions: The proposed model supports organizations in determining their current position in digital transformation and decarbonization, and in identifying targeted growth opportunities to advance their maturity. Progressing through these maturity stages can help organizations more effectively align digital initiatives with CO2 reduction goals. The findings indicate that pathways to decarbonization are diverse and can be adapted to support both short-term actions and long-term strategic objectives. Organizations can therefore prioritize initiatives according to their existing resources, capabilities, and progress to date, enabling them to develop a decarbonization trajectory that fits their specific context.
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present the concept and practical implementation of a consumer maturity model for reducing the carbon footprint. The developed model allows the evaluation of consumers’ awareness and behaviors regarding carbon footprint reduction. Design/methodology/approach: The research was based on a comprehensive literature review covering the concepts of carbon footprint and maturity models. Based on the findings, an original consumer maturity model was constructed, followed by its testing using the Proof of Concept (PoC) approach. A Python application was developed to assess consumer maturity based on user responses. Findings: The study resulted in the creation of a consumer maturity model consisting of key dimensions and variables influencing carbon footprint reduction. The model was successfully implemented in an application that allows classification of consumers into different maturity levels based on their behaviors and decisions. Research limitations/implications: The model was tested in a controlled environment, which may limit its generalizability. Future research should involve testing with a broader and more diverse group of consumers. Practical implications: The model and application can be used by organizations and institutions to diagnose consumer readiness to adopt more sustainable behaviors and to design educational or marketing interventions tailored to different maturity levels. Social implications: Promoting awareness and behavioral change among consumers can significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions at the individual level, supporting broader climate protection efforts. Originality/value: The paper introduces a novel model specifically targeting consumer behavior in the context of carbon footprint reduction, addressing a gap in existing maturity models which primarily focus on organizational or industrial practices. Keywords: carbon footprint, consumer maturity, maturity model, greenhouse gases.
Purpose: The main aim of the article is to present the author's model of the maturity of logistic centres, in its improved version. Design/methodology/approach: To carry out the research and prepare the article, an expert (Delphic) method was used, using the knowledge of experts professionally connected with logistic centres, and a literature review. Findings: The conclusion of the research and analysis of the results is an improved model of logistic centre maturity compared to previous work. The developed model of logistic centre maturity allows for a comprehensive analysis of the logistic centre's maturity, locating points in need of improvement, and allows continuity and reliability of the centre's operation to be ensured. Practical implications: The model developed has practical use for management of logistics centres and is a universal one, meaning it can be utilised in any logistic centre in order to improve its inner workings. Originality/value: The main value of the paper is improvement upon author's original model of the maturity of logistics centres, with inclusion of additional arenas. The developed model is the authors’ own input into logistics science.
Background: This research examines the relationship between warehouse maturity level and operational efficiency in the context of an emerging market, specifically Jordan. The concept of warehouse maturity is relatively unexplored, particularly in emerging markets, where operational practices may differ significantly from those in developed regions. The study aims to shed light on how varying maturity levels impact warehouse performance, with a particular focus on operational efficiency. Methods: Data were collected from 202 third-party logistics (3PL) companies registered with the Jordanian Logistics Association (JLA) through self-administered questionnaires. To ensure relevance, only companies offering a combination of distribution, warehousing, and packaging services were included. Warehouse maturity level was assessed as both a continuous and a categorical variable to provide a comprehensive analysis of its relationship with warehouse operational efficiency. Results: The findings reveal that warehouse maturity levels significantly influence warehouse operational efficiency. However, the transition from maturity level 1 to level 2 did not result in substantial improvements in operational efficiency. The study also highlights that specific maturity dimensions, such as putaway and picking processes, have the most significant impact on warehouse operational efficiency performance. Conclusions: The proposed framework provides valuable managerial insights, offering a deeper understanding of how raising warehouse maturity levels can enhance operational efficiency. While the overall maturity level is important, targeting specific focuses like putaway and picking can yield substantial efficiency gains. This study addresses a critical gap in the literature regarding the role of warehouse maturity in emerging markets like Jordan, where empirical research remains limited.
In today's dynamic and competitive environment, universities play a key role in generating, transmitting, and applying knowledge and innovation. The growing interest in evaluating university performance at national and international levels has led to developing and applying university maturity models as effective assessment tools. This article aims to present various approaches to modelling university maturity. A bibliometric analysis was based on publications in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The research query included TITLE-ABS-KEY ("maturity model" and universit*) for Scopus and TS = ("maturity model" and universit*) for the Web of Sciences database. A total of 123 publication records were analysed. Materials published between 1994 and 2024 in English were examined. A total of 123 publications were selected for the final analysis. Based on the literature review, key factors that may influence university maturity across nine areas were identified. A theoretical University Maturity Model (UMM) is also presented, which should undergo expert evaluation in subsequent stages. Findings suggest that the application of maturity models can significantly enhance universities' management and operational efficiency, offering valuable insights for policymakers in formulating educational policies.
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We współczesnym dynamicznym i konkurencyjnym środowisku uniwersytety odgrywają kluczową rolę w generowaniu, przekazywaniu i zastosowaniu wiedzy oraz innowacji. Rosnące zainteresowanie oceną funkcjonowania uniwersytetów na poziomie krajowym i międzynarodowym doprowadziło do rozwoju i zastosowania modeli dojrzałości uczelni jako skutecznych narzędzi oceny. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie różnych podejść do modelowania dojrzałości uczelni. Zastosowano analizę bibliometryczną. Wykorzystano publikacje dostępne w bazach Web of Science i Scopus. Objęto nią teksty zawierające frazy („maturity model” i universit*) w temacie oraz w tytule, abstrakcie i słowach kluczowych. Zapytanie badawcze obejmowało TITLE-ABS-KEY („maturity model” and universit*) dla bazy Scopus oraz TS = („maturity model” and universit*) dla bazy Web of Sciences. Przeszukano materiały opublikowane w latach 1994-2024 w języku angielskim. Do ostatecznej analizy wybrano 123 publikacje. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury zidentyfikowano kluczowe czynniki, które mogą wpływać na dojrzałość uniwersytetów w dziewięciu obszarach. Przedstawiono również teoretyczny model dojrzałości uczelni, który w kolejnych etapach powinien zostać poddany ocenie ekspertów. Wyniki sugerują, że zastosowanie modeli dojrzałości może znacznie poprawić zarządzanie i efektywność operacyjną uniwersytetów, oferując cenne informacje dla decydentów w formułowaniu polityki edukacyjnej.
Purpose: The main objective of the article is to present the concept of assessing the level of an organization’s utilization of its potential for transformation towards process orientation, using a practical implementation example. Design/methodology/approach: The structure of the research procedure was based on the theoretical assumptions regarding the methodological procedures involving development of a model of process maturity assessment. Such research methods as bibliometric analysis, systematic literature review, participant observation, opinion survey and semi-structured interview were used to achieve the research objectives formulated. Findings: The value of the article entails the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to determine an organization’s propensity for transition towards higher levels of process maturity. This effect has been achieved using a method of multi-hierarchical process maturity assessment. It has been determined that the organization under examination is at the second level of process maturity, although many of the elements diagnosed show third-level process maturity potential. An authorial research method has been additionally verified, as well as the examined organization’s real and utilized potential has been determined, which constitute the basis for assessing the level of process maturity. Research limitations/implications: inability to fully objectify the research results obtained. Practical implications: The article shows the basis and the method for identifying the examined company’s real and utilized potential of process maturity as well as for determining the level of process maturity, based on which the company’s strategy towards a higher level of process maturity can be formulated. Originality/value: The unique nature of this article lies in the proposed method of multi-hierarchical assessment of an organization’s process maturity. In order to deepen the interpretation of the results obtained from a quantitative study, qualitative research was used. This allows development of a strategy for achievement of higher levels of maturity.
The main aim of the article is to present the authors’ model of the maturity of logistic centres, in its original, previously published version and improved for the purpose of testing the reliability of logistic centre characters. The second purpose of the article is to justify the possibility of using the maturity model to ensure the reliability of logistic centres. Methods:To carry out the research and prepare the article, an expert (Delphic) method was used, using the knowledge of experts profes- sionally connected with logistic centres, and a literature review. Results: The conclusion of the research and analysis of the results is an improved model of logistic centre maturity compared to previous work. Conclusion:The developed model of logistic centre maturity allows for a comprehensive analysis of the logistic centre’s maturity, locating points in need of improvement, and allows continuity and reliability of the centre’s operation to be ensured. Highlights: - The reliability of logistic centres is extremely important for supply chains; - The maturity model of logistic centres allows for a comprehensive analysis of the examined centre; - Maturity models are an accepted method of ensuring business reliability; - The maturity model developed helps to ensure the reliability of the centres.
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Cele: głównym celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie autorskiego modelu dojrzałości centrów logistycznych, w jego pierwotnej, wcześniej publikowanej wersji oraz udoskonalonej na potrzeby badania niezawodności centrów logistycznych postaci. Drugim celem artykułu było uzasadnienie możliwości wyko- rzystania modelu dojrzałości w celu zapewnienia niezawodności funkcjonowania centrów logistycznych. Metody: do przeprowadzenia badań i przygotowania artykułu zastosowano metodę ekspercką (delficką), wykorzystując wiedzę ekspertów związanych zawodowo z centrami logistycznymi, oraz przegląd literaturowy. Wyniki: Wynikiem przeprowadzonych badań i analizy wyników jest udoskonalony w stosunku do wcześniej- szych prac model dojrzałości centrum logistycznego. Opracowany model posiada pięć poziomów dojrzałości w dwunastu obszarach przedmiotowych i stosowana jest w nim reprezentacja ciągła. Dla spełnienia postulatu skutecznego funkcjonowania centrum logistyczne powinno spełniać co najmniej warunki trzeciego poziomu dojrzałości ocenianych obszarów. Konkluzja: Opracowany model dojrzałości centrum logistycznego może być wykorzystywany do przebadania i określenia poziomu rozwoju centrum w najważniejszych obszarach jego funkcjonowania, równocześnie pozwalając na odpowiednią ocenę skuteczności jego działania poprzez kompleksową analizę dojrzałości centrum logistycznego, zlokalizowanie punktów wymagających usprawnień. Pozwala on zapewnić ciągłość i niezawodność funkcjonowania centrum. Najważniejsze wnioski i efekty: -Niezawodność centrów logistycznych jest niezwykle istotna dla łańcuchów dostaw; -Model dojrzałości centrów logistycznych pozwala na kompleksową analizę badanego centrum; -Modele dojrzałości są przyjętą metodą zapewnienia niezawodności przedsiębiorstw; - Opracowany model dojrzałości wspomaga zapewnianie niezawodności centrów.
This paper provides a methodology to assess the maturity of an organization’s readiness for change based on the use of a Fuzzy Analytic Network Process and fuzzy linguistic evaluation maturity model. This anticipatory approach’s purpose is to evaluate the extent in which an organization is ready to implement a change initiative, in order to enhance supportive behaviors and identify improvement areas before engaging the change and thus reducing change adoption failure risks. A case study for the implementation of an Energy Management System according to the ISO 50001 Standard within a factory operating in the automotive sector is provided. Rather than the classical technical approach found in energy management maturity models, this approach offers an organizational perspective. The use of the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process allows the consideration of the interrelations between factors, while the use of fuzzy logic for the evaluation through linguistic variables helps in taking the uncertainty and imprecision of respondents into consideration. This approach serves as a decision support system for decision-makers by providing the organization’s readiness maturity level as well as the identification of improvement areas that will help ensure a successful implementation of the desired change initiative. In the conducted case study, the obtained maturity level refers to an average readiness for change for the implementation of the Energy Management System and requires the definition of an improvement roadmap, comprising the following elements: ensuring top management leadership and organizational commitment and involving employees as well as internal communication on the personal and organizational benefits of the implementation of an Energy Management System.
Background: In recent years, organizational maturity has disseminated its concepts to various management domains, for instance, Supply Chain Management (SCM). The present paper is an attempt to review the developments in the realm of SCM over the past two decades. In the domain of SCM maturity, different models, dimensions (areas) and approaches are advanced for maturity measurements. Methods: Research studies conducted and presented in the literature, including papers on conference proceedings, articles in journals and technical reports, are reviewed; the review covers a time span from the early 1990s to the present time (2019). Also provided in this review are the previous models, dimensions (areas/ elements), and approaches for measuring SCM maturity techniques. Additionally, research gaps are identified, analysed and discussed. Results: After reviewing, the research studies in the field and the dimensions found in the works are placed into different categories. The current study aims to present a review of the literature, ultimately providing help to researchers in realizing gaps and opportunities in the field of SCM maturity. There are also different approaches to supply chain maturity models. For example, one approach may solely focus on integration while another might concentrate on SC visibility and traceability. In more recent research studies, more attention is paid to such specific areas of supply chain as flexibility and sustainability. The results of the present paper point to gaps, which indicate that more research works are required. In addition, it is assumed that the materials presented here may help establish more comprehensive SCM maturity models. Conclusions: It is seen that supply chain management is rapidly shifting toward e-SCM, and some other technologies like blockchain. Also, supply chain sustainability comes to the fore as a significant approach. It should be reminded that other strategic features of supply chains like leanness, agility, resilience, sustainability, integration, green and reverse logistics etc., also play their own role in the field. Combining these strategic features can be an effective idea for developing more comprehensive models for SCM maturity. To sum up, the results of the present survey indicate that the published works need more adequacy and treatment research, and that more research is called for to bridge the gaps in the realm of SCM maturity.
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Wstęp: Ostatnio zagadnienie dojrzałości organizacji pojawia się jako koncepcja w wielu różnych obszarach tematycznych, np. w obszarze zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw (SCM). Prezentowana praca jest próbą przeglądu rozwiązań w zakresie zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw w okresie ostatnich dwudziestu lat. W obszarze dojrzałości SCM istnieje wiele modeli, wymiarów oraz podejść stosowanych dla pomiary tej dojrzałości. Metody: W prezentowanej pracy poddano analizie różne materiały naukowe, obejmujące artykuły z konferencji naukowych, artykuły publikowane w czasopismach naukowych jak i raporty techniczne. Dokumenty, które poddano analizie, pochodzą z okresu od wczesnych lat 90-tych zeszłego stulecia do chwili obecnej (2019). W pracy zaprezentowano również metody, wymiary oraz podejścia stosowane wcześniej dla pomiaru dojrzałości SCM. Zidentyfikowano luki w prowadzonych wcześniej badaniach, poddano je analizie i dyskusji. Wyniki: W wyniku przeprowadzone analizy, uszeregowano różne wymiary w odpowiednie kategorie. Praca ma na celu zaprezentowanie przeglądu literatury w celu wykrycia luk badawczych i dostarczenie w ten sposób pomocy naukowcom dla dalszych badań w obszarze dojrzałości SCM. Istnieje wiele różnych podejść do modeli dojrzałości łańcucha dostaw. Jedne modele koncentrują się na jego spójności, podczas gdy inne na przejrzystości łańcucha dostaw i możliwości śledzenia poszczególnych operacji. W najnowszych badaniach więcej uwagi jest poświęcone takim obszarom łańcucha dostaw jak elastyczność i zrównoważony rozwój. Wyniki pracy wskazują na luki badawcze w określonych obszarach, które wymagają dalszych badań. Dodatkowo, materiały prezentowane w pracy pozwalają na stworzenie bardziej wszechstronnych modeli dojrzałości SCM. Wnioski: Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można wyraźnie zaobserwować trend w zarządzaniu łańcuchem dostaw w kierunku e-SCM oraz innych technologii jak blockchain. Równie istotny jest zrównoważony rozwój organizacji. Należy też wspomnieć, że także inne strategiczne cechy łańcuchów dostaw, jak szczupłość, zwinność, odporność, zintegrowanie, zielona logistyka, itd., odgrywają istotną rolę w tym obszarze. Połączenie tych strategicznych cech może być efektywną ideą stworzenia bardziej wszechstronnych modeli dojrzałości SCM. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że pożądane są dalsze badania w celu pokrycia istniejących luk w obszarze dojrzałości SCM.
W artykule przedstawiono założenia modelu dojrzałości organizacji dedykowanego dla obszaru publicznego zarządzania kryzysowego. Autorki przybliżyły koncepcję modeli dojrzałości, jak również opisały najważniejsze jego elementy. W ramach opracowania określono również strukturę modelu, zidentyfikowano kluczowe obszary procesowe oraz zestaw praktyk ogólnych i specyficznych, na podstawie których należy dokonać oceny dojrzałości.
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The article presents the assumptions of the maturity model of an organization dedicated to the area of public crisis management. The authors explain the concept of maturity models, as well as describing the most important elements. The study also identifies the structure of the model, the key process areas and a set of general and specific practices, which are the basis to assess the maturity.
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie koncepcji dojrzałości foresightowej przedsiębiorstw. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano uściślenie pojęciowe foresightu dla przedsiębiorstw oraz terminu dojrzałość foresightowa. W drugiej części przedstawiono rezultaty badania ankietowego, zrealizowanego na próbie 134 podlaskich przedsiębiorstw usługowych i produkcyjnych. Proces badawczy został wsparty metodami badawczymi, takimi jak: przegląd literatury, badanie ankietowe oraz metody statystycznej analizy wyników.
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The aim of the article is to present the idea of foresight maturity for enterprises. In the first part of the article the notions of foresight for companies and foresight maturity have been specified. The second part of the article is devoted to the presentation of the study conducted on a sample of 134 manufacturing and service companies from Podlaskie. The objective of the study was to assess the familiarity and application of foresight research among enterprises as well to evaluate of their foresight maturity level.
Modern companies can be characterized including several indicators such as number of employees, yearly profit or inventory turnover. Literature relates to new classifier factor, which is maturity level. It describes correctness of allocation available resources in stable processes, which can be measured. Maturity measurements require the process approach conception. Many companies are considered about its utility and efficiency. It function is to find relations between all processes, their meaning and correct management. This article will contain comparison of several models of maturity in purpose to find commons and differences between them. Paper includes literature review in the range of suggested maturity models, which will be source of information for the final comparison.
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Współczesne przedsiębiorstwa mogą zostać scharakteryzowane za pomocą szeregu kryteriów, takich jak liczba pracowników, roczne obroty finansowe lub wskaźnika rotacji zapasów. Literatura opisuje nowy czynnik klasyfikujący, którym jest poziom dojrzałości przedsiębiorstwa. Opisuje on prawidłowość wykorzystania zasobów w stałych procesach, co pozwala na jego zmierzenie. Pomiary dojrzałości przedsiębiorstwa wymagają wprowadzenia podejścia procesowego. Wiele firm rozważa jego użyteczność i efektywność. Jego funkcją jest lokalizacja relacji pomiędzy procesami w przedsiębiorstwie, ich znaczenie i poprawy procesu zarządzania. Artykuł zawiera porównanie wielu modeli dojrzałości w celu odnalezienia elementów wspólnych i rozbieżnych pomiędzy nimi. Publikacja odnosi się do przeglądu literatury w zakresie wykorzystanych modeli dojrzałości, co umożliwi dokonanie finalnego porównania.
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W ostatnich latach ukazało się wiele publikacji omawiających badania związane z tworzeniem modeli dojrzałości ukierunkowanych na strategiczne zarządzanie łańcuchami dostaw. Koncepcja dojrzałości procesowej wynika z obserwacji cyklu życia procesów, który to cykl może być podzielony na etapy. Poszczególne etapy zostały precyzyjnie zdefiniowane, są zarządzane, mierzone i kontrolowane w ramach cyklu życia. Wyższy poziom dojrzałości procesów prowadzi do następujących rezultatów: lepsza kontrola wyników, większa dokładność prognozowania i planowania celów, kosztów i wyników oraz większa efektywność w osiąganiu założonych celów. Celem autorów artykułu jest prezentacja kluczowych aspektów oceny dojrzałości procesowej łańcucha dostaw oraz wybranych modeli dojrzałości łańcucha dostaw, a także dyskusja nad ich przydatnością w ocenie efektywności łańcuchów.
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Supply chain process maturity is a concept borrowed from the business process management. Methods of evaluation the maturity of the process were used in the business practice of software development management and project management. In the last decade more and more concepts of process maturity is also applied to supply chains. There are many supply chain maturity models proposed by researchers and consultants, each of the accepted models allows the development of methods to assess maturity. The authors present a review of the proposed methods for evaluation the maturity of the supply chain and attempts to their classification and systematization.
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