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1

Drought Assessment and Forecasting according to the Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification Using GRACE and MERRA Observations

Birylo Monika

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2026

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Vol. 20, no. 3

105--133

EN

Prolonged and recurrent droughts are a problem of the 21st century. Agriculture, grazing, fires, logging, and mining make soil susceptible to permanent degradation. However, well-managed land can recover from long drought cycles. Because drought is increasingly affecting larger areas, continuous monitoring and risk assessment are essential. Satellite-based models provide global observations of the Earth and enable their assessment using indices, thereby supporting the classification of the examined areas. In this study, the Combined Climatological Deviation Index (CCDI) and the Water Storage Deficit Index (WSDI) were calculated to evaluate drought sensitivity in Europe, within its climatic zones according to the Köppen–Geiger classification. Based on the research, it was concluded that almost all areas show a tendency towards drying, and the predictions indicate that the current drought conditions and their pace will continue. The CCDI and WSDI are very useful in studies of drought in Europe.

2

Effect of soil nutrients on the stability of superabsorbent polymers as a tool for climate change mitigation

Vavrincová Lenka, Adamcová Vanda, Machalová Linda, Valica Martin, Rezbárik Šimon, Horník Miroslav

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2025

|

Vol. 34, No. 1

73--88

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of soil nutrients on the stability of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). In agriculture, SAPs are known to increase productivity in arid regions by improving plant water availability, optimizing root nutrient uptake, and increasing plant drought tolerance. In this study, we tested SAPs derived from starch and mixtures of acrylic acid and acrylamide. First, a physicochemical characterization of the SAPs was performed, which included optimizing the water absorption volume, determining the maximum absorption capacity, and analyzing the water binding kinetics. We then also investigated the effects of elements, such as Na, K, Zn and Cu, on the stability of SAPs. The results showed that the SAPs exhibited a high-water absorption capacity. However, reduced swelling capacity was observed in the presence of Hoagland’s medium and solutions of metal ions (Na, K, Zn, Cu) with equimolar concentrations to potassium in the SAP.

3

Susza energetyczna w kontekście braku wody. Wyzwania i perspektywy dla Polski

Czarzasty-Zybert Maja

Nowa Energia

|

2025

|

nr 1

4--7

PL

Susza energetyczna to zjawisko, w którym niedobór wody wpływa negatywnie na produkcję energii. W Polsce, gdzie duża część systemu energetycznego opierasię na elektrowniach węglowych i cieplnych, problem ten staje się coraz bardziej aktualny. Wysoka zależność od wody do procesów chłodzenia oraz rosnąca częstotliwość susz związanych ze zmianami klimatycznymi - stawiają Polskę przed poważnym wyzwaniem zapewnienia stabilnych dostaw energii.

4

Application of neural networks for drought forecasting based on the standardised precipitation index

Fathiyana Rana Z., Haryadi Deny, Ananda Naufal, Hidayat Dinda J., Wicaksana Haryas Subyantara, Azahra Rahma Wafii, Saputra Hakim Giraldi

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 65

113--121

EN

Based on data from the National Disaster Management Agency, South Sumatra is one of the provinces with a reasonably large drought-affected area, totalling 8,853,691.009 ha. Drought is a hydrometeorological disaster, characterised by anomalous rainfall below normal levels. Reduced rainfall can lead to decreased soil moisture, reduced river flows, and a general scarcity of water, which limits availability of water both on the surface and in the soil. To anticipate and mitigate the impacts of drought, an accurate forecasting system is essential for effective disaster management and mitigation. This research focuses on forecasting drought using the standardised precipitation index (SPI) based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) algorithms. It compares LSTM and MLP algorithms by integrating rainfall data from the FY-4A satellite and observational rain gauges, which are processed to generate SPI values. These data are employed to train and test MLP and LSTM models in predicting future drought conditions. The results indicate that drought can be effectively predicted using both MLP and LSTM. However, the MLP outperforms the LSTM, as reflected by a higher Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) value, a lower error rate, and a predicted date trend that more closely aligns with actual observations.

5

Mitigating drought stress effects in tomato through seed priming and foliar application of salicylic acid: Impacts on germination and plant growth

Kurniawan Andi, Noviandi Widi Dwi, Maulidah Nur Izzatul, Mullatif Ikhwan Adhirakha, Rahmandhias Derris Trian, Karim Mohd Fauzihan, Shyu Douglas J.H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

|

Vol. 26, nr 4

369--383

EN

Climate change has a detrimental impact on the agricultural sector, resulting in rising temperatures and reduced water availability, which has a direct impact on decreasing crop production and sustainability. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seed priming and foliar application of SA on seed germination and plant growth under drought-stress conditions. This research was conducted from July to September 2024 at the laboratory and green house in the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors was employed in this study. The first factor was drought stress with 0 and 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the second factor was salicylic acid (SA) at concentrations of 0, 50, 75, and 100 μM. The results showed that PEG 6000 significantly reduced the germination rate and growth of tomato seeds. While SA priming had no significant effect on the seed germination under normal conditions, the seeds priming with SA significantly increased the germination rate, germination stress tolerance index, shoot length stress index, root length stress index, and seed vigor index under drought stress conditions. SA priming also promoted seedling growth by increasing shoot and root lengths. Furthermore, the foliar application of SA significantly improved the vegetative growth of soil-grown tomatoes under drought stress, evidenced by improvements in key growth characteristics, including plant height, number of leaves, plant biomass, RWC, and relative chlorophyll content. Notably, foliar SA application led to a thickened tomato leaves as an early drought stress response. This study demonstrated that both priming and foliar SA application could enhance plant resilience and vigor, helping to alleviate the detrimental effects of drought stress.

6

Evaluating Drought Evolution in Vietnam Using Cmip6-Vn Climate Projections

Tran Anh Quan, Nguyen Thi Hong Ngoc, Tran Thi Thanh Thuy

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

|

Vol. 1, no. 2

211--229

EN

This study evaluates drought evolution across Vietnam’s seven climatic sub-regions from 1985 to 2099 using the one-month Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) derived from the 10-km resolution CMIP6-VN dataset. Three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5- 8.5) were analyzed for near-future (2015–2039), mid-century (2040–2069), and far-future (2070–2099) periods, with potential evapotranspiration estimated via the Hargreaves-Samani method. Mann-Kendall trend tests and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analyses assessed drought intensity, frequency, and severity. Temperature projections indicate consistent warming, with national averages increasing by 1.4°C (SSP1- 2.6), 2.6°C (SSP2-4.5), and 4.5°C (SSP5-8.5) by century's end relative to the 1985–2014 baseline, with northern regions experiencing enhanced warming (up to 5.1°C in the Northeast) compared to southern regions (4.0°C in the Southeast). Precipitation is projected to increase across all scenarios, with SSP2-4.5 showing the largest rise (7.2% by 2070–2099), though with greater uncertainty (±20%) compared to temperature projections. Despite rising temperature and precipitation, drought tendencies vary nonlinearly due to amplified evapotranspiration outpacing precipitation gains, with northern and central regions showing prolonged drying under SSP1-2.6 early-century, while southern regions stabilize due to balanced wet-dry cycles. Drought analysis reveals dynamic hydroclimatic variability: near-term (2015– 2039) drying trends are most pronounced under SSP1-2.6 with extended moderate droughts, while midcentury (2040–2069) shifts to wetter conditions across all SSPs but most evidently in SSP1-2.6; late-century projections show modest SPEI increases with stronger wetting in northern regions under low-emission SSP1-2.6, contrasted by higher inter-model uncertainty and potential intensification in SSP5-8.5 due to amplified evapotranspiration-precipitation feedbacks. Drought intensity increases by up to 22.7% in southern Vietnam by 2015–2039 under SSP2-4.5, while frequency and severity exhibit non-monotonic trends, with notable increases in central regions (up to 15.7 months/event under SSP2-4.5). These findings underscore the need for adaptive irrigation and water management strategies to mitigate intensified drought impacts on Vietnam’s agriculture, particularly in central and northern regions.

7

Plan przeciwdziałania skutkom suszy - co powinniśmy i co możemy zrobić, żeby nie zabrakło nam wody

Kołczewiak Adrian

Gospodarka Wodna

|

2025

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Nr 11

21-23

PL

Susza to okresowy niedobór wody, który negatywnie wpływa na działalność i obszary życia człowieka zależne od wód, w tym produkcję rolną i leśną, działalność gospodarczą, ekosystemy, zdrowie, a nawet samopoczucie. Społeczeństwom wciąż daleko do postrzegania suszy w kategoriach realnego zagrożenia, z którym już mamy do czynienia. Wyschnięta, popękana ziemia, niczym z apokaliptycznych hollywoodzkich produkcji, wysuszone studnie, brak wody w kranie - ten, wydawałoby się, przejaskrawiony scenariusz można uznawać za mało realny, jednak jego preludium rozgrywa się na naszych oczach.

EN

A drought is a periodic shortage of water that negatively affects human activity and life in those areas that depend on water, including forestry and agriculture, economic activity, ecosystems, health and even wellbeing. The societies still do not perceive drought as a real threat which we are already facing. Dry, cracked soil, as if taken from an apocalyptic Hollywood movie, dry wells, no tap water – this scenario, although it seems a bit exaggerated and improbable, is actually already happening before our eyes.

8

Biochemical mechanisms of drought resistance in soft wheat under modeling of water deficiency and effects of seed treatment with metabolically active substances

Havii Valentyna, Palyvoda Yuliia, Kuchmenko Olena, Stamirowska-Krzaczek Ewa, Tomaszewska Marzena, Kocira Anna

Agricultural Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 29, No. 1

15--31

EN

Water deficiency is one of the major factors that limit crop production among those causing plant stress. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effect of metabolically active compounds on reducing the negative effects of drought and stimulating physiological and biochemical processes in the spring wheat variety Provintsialka. In the study, wheat seeds were soaked in solutions of substances: PEG-6000 (EG); PEG-6000 + vitamin E (PEG+E); PEG-6000 + ubiquinone-10 (PEG+Q); PEG-6000 + methionine (PEG+M); PEG-6000 + parahydroxybenzoic acid (PEG+P); PEG-6000 + MgSO4 (PEG+Mg); PEG6000 + vitamin E + ubiquinone-10 (PEG+EQ); PEG-6000 + vitamin E + methionine + parahydroxybenzoic acid (PEG+EMP); PEG-6000 + vitamin E + methionine + parahydroxybenzoic acid + MgSO4 (PEG+EMPMg). The wheat seeds were then poured into a 12% PEG solution to simulate the water deficit and then germinated. The study determined the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, as well as the content of ascorbic acid and glutathione. It was found that the treatment of spring wheat seeds of the Provintsialka variety with metabolically active compounds and their combinations affected the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in water-deficient conditions. Treatment of seeds with MgSO4 solution most effectively reduces catalase activity compared to the indicators of seedlings whose seeds were in simulated drought conditions. The treatment of wheat seeds with vitamin E most effectively stimulated the activity of ascorbate peroxidase, increasing it by 65.5% compared to the control and by 2.4% relative to the PEG treated seedlings. A decrease in the activity of catalase correlates with an increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and indicates the compensatory effect of the enzymes of the antioxidant system. The treatment of wheat seeds with ubiquinone-10 (PEG+Q) most effectively increased the ascorbate content in seedlings by 46.3% compared to seedlings whose seeds were in water deficit conditions. An increase in the ascorbate content in wheat seedlings was also noted when wheat seeds were treated with EMP (PEG+EMP) and EMPMg (PEG+EMPMg). The highest levels of glutathione in drought-stressed seedlings were observed in those treated with vitamin E and EMP (PEG+EMP), exceeding control levels by 31.4% and 30.7%, respectively, and PEG-treated seedlings by 59.9% and 59.2%. This confirms the promising use of metabolically active substances for plant adaptation under conditions of slow water flow.

PL

Niedobór wody jest jednym z najistotniejszych czynników stresowych ograniczających produkcję roślinną. Celem badań była ocena wpływu związków aktywnych metabolicznie na łagodzenie skutków suszy oraz stymulację procesów fizjologicznych i biochemicznych w pszenicy jarej odmiany Provintsialka. W eksperymencie nasiona pszenicy moczono w roztworach zawierających różne substancje: PEG-6000 (PEG); PEG-6000 z dodatkiem witaminy E (PEG+E); PEG-6000 z ubichinonem-10 (PEG+Q); PEG-6000 z metioniną (PEG+M); PEG-6000 z kwasem parahydroksybenzoesowym (PEG+P); PEG-6000 z siarczanem magnezu (PEG+Mg); PEG-6000 z witaminą E i ubichinonem-10 (PEG+EQ); PEG-6000 z witaminą E, metioniną i kwasem parahydroksybenzoesowym (PEG+EMP); PEG-6000 z witaminą E, metioniną, kwasem parahydroksybenzoesowym i siarczanem magnezu (PEG+EMPMg). Następnie nasiona poddano działaniu 12% roztworu PEG, symulując deficyt wody, po czym przeprowadzono proces kiełkowania. W badaniu analizowano aktywność peroksydazy askorbinianowej i katalazy oraz zawartość kwasu askorbinianowego i glutationu. Stwierdzono, że traktowanie nasion pszenicy związkami aktywnymi metabolicznie oraz ich kombinacjami wpływa na aktywność enzymów antyoksydacyjnych w siewkach w warunkach deficytu wody. Najsilniejsze obniżenie aktywności katalazy zaobserwowano po zastosowaniu roztworu MgSO4, w porównaniu z siewkami poddanymi symulowanej suszy. Najsilniejszą aktywację aktywności peroksydazy askorbinianowej uzyskano po zastosowaniu witaminy E (PEG+E), co skutkowało wzrostem o 65,5% względem kontroli oraz o 2,4% w porównaniu z siewkami poddanymi symulowanej suszy. Spadek aktywności katalazy korelował ze wzrostem aktywności peroksydazy askorbinianowej, co wskazuje na efekt kompensacyjny enzymów układu antyoksydacyjnego. Największy wzrost zawartości askorbinianu w siewkach (o 46,3% względem siewek z grupy deficytu wody) zaobserwowano po zastosowaniu ubichinonu10 (PEG+Q). Podobny efekt odnotowano po traktowaniu nasion kombinacjami EMP (PEG+EMP) oraz EMPMg (PEG+EMPMg). Najwyższy poziom glutationu w siewkach poddanych suszy uzyskano po zastosowaniu witaminy E (PEG+E) oraz EMP (PEG+EMP), przekraczając wartości kontrolne odpowiednio o 31,4% i 30,7%, a wartości uzyskane dla PEG - o 59,9% i 59,2%. Wyniki te potwierdzają potencjał substancji aktywnych metabolicznie w adaptacji roślin do warunków ograniczonego dostępu do wody.

9

Jesień to czy lato?

Mielicki Krzysztof

Zieleń Miejska

|

2024

|

Nr 10

62--63

PL

Połowa sierpnia. Idę przez park w centrum miasta. Patrząc na drzewa, doznaję dysonansu i zastanawiam się nad lukami w pamięci. Kiedy przeoczyłem, że już nadeszła jesień? Wszechobecny upał uświadamia jednak, że to nadal wakacje…

10

Compound drought and heatwave events in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region

Klimavičius Laurynas, Rimkus Egidijus

Oceanologia

|

2024

|

No. 66 (1)

26--36

EN

Droughts and heatwaves are natural phenomena that can cause severe damage to the economy, infrastructure, human health, and agriculture, among others. However, in recent years, it has been noted that their combined effect, known as compound drought and heatwave events (CDHE), often results in even greater harm. The main aim of this study was to identify CDHEs in this region during summers from 1950 to 2022 and assess the frequency and intensity of these events. To this end, the periods of droughts and heatwaves that occurred between 1950 and 2022 were determined, and the recurrence, extent, and intensity of these phenomena were evaluated. In this study, 1-month Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) values calculated for each summer day were used to identify droughts, while heatwaves were defined as a period of five or more consecutive days when the daily maximum air temperature (Tmax) was higher than the 90th percentile of Tmax. Precipitation and Tmax data (with a spatial resolution 0.25° x 0.25°) were obtained from the European Centre of Medium-Range Weather Forecast ERA-5 reanalysis dataset. The study showed that in most of the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region, the number of drought days had decreased from 1950 to 2022, while the number of heatwave days had increased significantly. In total, ten CDHEs were identified during the summers of 1950–2022. Eight of these events were recorded in 1994 or later. However, a statistically significant increase of CDHEs was found only in a small part of the study area.

11

“Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting:” Colorado River water disputes over the Lake Powell Pipeline

Perdomo Marin Juan Camilo

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2024

|

Vol. 12, Iss. 1

22--49

EN

This case study analyzes the history, controversies, implications, and uncertainty in constructing the Lake Powell Pipeline (LPP) to evaluate how the state of Utah has been addressing the larger problem of responding to growing local demands for water within a regional context of reductions and cuts in water allocations. The research uses a multimethod approach, namely, analysis of historical documents, interviews, literature review, and field notes to link this case’s overlapping factors affecting the viability of LPP. The paper is divided into five sections: (1) an introductory review of the political and technological history of the Colorado River; (2) a description of the arguments and controversies related to the construction of LPPs; (3), identifying how the history of the Colorado River and LPP are deeply connected; (4) analysis of the properties of water infrastructure to understand what is at stake in the materialization of this project; and (5) a characterization of the complex political scenarios behind the negotiations over the LPP. The paper concludes with a reflection on how these controversies are part of a worldwide phenomenon: i.e., where building local water infrastructure is prioritized while ignoring the need for more holistic river basin policies.

12

Circulation types and their relationships with extreme wind energy generation events in Poland

Bochenek Bogdan, Dąbek Paweł, Ostraszewski Mikołaj, Ustrnul Zbigniew, Jurasz Jakub

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2024

|

Vol. 12, Iss. 2

1--18

EN

This study investigates the influence of different atmospheric circulation types on wind energy production in Poland from 1948 to 2019. By utilizing the ERA5 reanalysis dataset, which provides detailed atmospheric and surface parameters, and the Litynski calendar of circulation types, this research is directed toward understanding how various circulation patterns affect wind energy generation. The study specifically focuses on periods of energy droughts (days with very low wind energy production) and energy floods (days with very high wind energy production). The analysis reveals trends, along with annual and seasonal variations in the frequency of energy droughts and floods. Over the period of study, the number of drought days varied from 51 to 108 per year, while the number of flood days varied from 44 to 97 per year. Cyclonic circulation types with NW winds are found to be the most favorable for wind energy production, leading to higher daily energy generation. Conversely, anticyclonic circulation types with winds from the north, northeast, and east are more likely to result in energy droughts. Certain seasons exhibit higher variability in the number of drought and flood days, influenced by the prevailing circulation types. The standard deviation of the number of drought days in summer is 7.3 compared to 4.8 in spring; for flood days the standard deviation for winter is 8.4 and for summer only 3.4.

13

The Effects of Water Regimes on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)

Long Nguyen Viet, Phommalueza Dokmai, Minh Luong Nhat, Phan Thi Hong Nhung, Ha Chu Duc, Van Loc Nguyen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 11

327--334

EN

This research investigates the impact of drought and waterlogging stresses on the morphological and physiological characteristics of black pepper (Piper nigrum). The greenhouse experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with treatments consisting of three water regimes (drought, control, and waterlogging), all replicated three times. The results suggested that the root traits of black pepper, such as root length and surface area, showed considerable reductions under both stress conditions, with more severe impacts observed under waterlogging. The significant reductions were observed in plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, and SPAD value, root and shoot dry weight of black pepper. Gas exchange parameters also decreased markedly under drought stress, with waterlogging causing an even greater reduction. The findings provide valuable insights into managing the effects of environmental fluctuations on black pepper cultivation.

14

The Climate Change Impact on the Development of Droughts in Ukraine

Polevoy Anatoly, Barsukova Olena, Husieva Kateryna, Zhygailo Olena, Volvach Oksana, Kyrnasivska Nataliia, Tolmachova Alla, Zhygailo Taras, Danilova Nataliia, Kostiukievych Tetiana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 6

194--205

EN

The paper considers the peculiarities of the climate change influence on the dynamics of drought development in Ukraine. The analysis was performed for average long-term climatic conditions during the growing season (1981–2020) and under climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the period of 2021–2050 (for the period as a whole and by the decades: 2021–2030, 2031–2040, 2041–2050). The drought development was studied over relatively short periods of time (ten days) at the main agroclimatic regions of Ukraine (Polissia, Forest-Steppe, Northern and Southern Steppe). The assessment of the aridity of ten-day periods was accomplished by means of a set of aridity indicators by Selyaninov, Shashko, Budagovskiy and Bova, which corrects and supplements each other; this made it possible to consider in detail the genesis of climate-induced drought in the agroclimatic regions of Ukraine. Analysis of the study results showed that the development of drought conditions in all agroclimatic regions is expected as early as in the first decade (2021–2030). According to both scenarios, from 4–6 in Polissia to 16–17 severe and very severe droughts in the Southern Steppe are expected. In the second decade (2031–2040), under RCP4.5, improvement in moistening conditions is expected in Polissia and Forest-Steppe and under RCP8.5, an increase in the level of aridity is expected in these agroclimatic regions. In the Northern Steppe and Southern Steppe the number of moderately, very and extremely dry ten-day periods will increase (from 9 to 17). In the third decade (2041–2050), under the RCP4.5 scenario, very severe aridity conditions are assumed in all agroclimatic regions. Under RCP8.5, good moistening conditions and, according to both criteria, a small number of dry ten-day periods are expected in Polissia and Forest-Steppe. As for the conditions at the Northern and Southern Steppes very severe drought conditions are expected (from 8 to 17 ten-day periods with moderate, severe and very severe drought). For 2021–2050 on the whole, there will be an increase in aridity during the growing season in all agroclimatic regions of Ukraine.

15

Evaluating the Impact of Pre-Anthesis Water Deficit on Yield and Yield Components in Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmak) Genotypes under Controlled Environmental Conditions

Al-Ajlouni Zakaria I., Sleit Hana, Al-Gharaibeh Mohammad M., Al-Ghzawi Abdul Latief A., Albalasmeh Ammar, Khalaf Yahya Bani, Al-Abdallat Ayed M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 3

96--106

EN

The purpose of this study was to measure the impacts of pre-anthesis drought during reproductive stages (GS31 and GS39) on triticale (X Triticosecale wittmak) yield and yield components. Four triticale genotypes (2 Local and 2 from the USA) were exposed to pre-anthesis drought stress at both the stem elongation stage (B-treatment) and flag leaf emergence stage (C-treatment). Grain yield was not affected by pre-anthesis stress. Under no stress conditions (A-treatment), a strong correlation was detected between grain yield and the number of grains per plant and plant height. Under B-treatment, yield was negatively correlated with spike length; under C-treatment, yield was positively correlated with the number of grains per plant. Drought stresses did not affect the number of grains per plant, thousand grain weight, and harvest index. This implied that the tested genotypes were drought tolerant since they form many tillers. When subjected to pre-anthesis drought it helps the plants to cover the soil surface and reduce water evaporation. JU and S1 showed fast pre-anthesis growth (early flowering cultivars), which makes them favored for further breeding. In contrast, N1 and N2 had slow pre-anthesis growth (late flowering cultivars), which enabled them to store more photosynthate pre-anthesis, which might compensate for the pre-anthesis drought effect on them.

16

Effects of Salinity and Drought of Germination Parameters of Seeds of Triticosecale

Urokov Sirojiddin, Usmanova Makhliyo, Xadjayev Djurakul, Jurayeva Zukhra, Khujanov Alisher, Raimkulova Maftuna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 7

178--186

EN

Over the past 50 years, salinity and drought coverage have increased dramatically. The effect of salinity and drought is manifested as a stress factor in the development of agricultural crops. As a result, there is an increasing need for research aimed at evaluating the impact of extreme factors on the development of agricultural crops, including cereals and forage crops, and increasing their productivity in saline and arid regions. Triticale-Triticosecale is a hybrid of wheat (Triticum L) and rye (Secale L). It is of great importance as food for humans and fodder for livestock. This research is one of the first researches of this type, aimed at determining the germination of seeds in different cultivars of Triticale under salinity and drought conditions. Although information on the effect of temperature on the growth of the seeds of this plant is recorded in scientific sources, the lack of information on the diversity of the indicators of seed germination in Triticale cultivars under the influence of various stress factors indicates that in-depth research has not been conducted in this regard. According to the results of the research carried out in laboratory conditions, salinity and drought have a direct effect on the germination parameters of the seeds of different cultivars of Triticale. As salinity and drought levels increase, seed germination rates decrease. The data presented in the article serve to explain the difference in the germination indicators of the seeds of different cultivars of Triticale under salinity and drought, and to choose the right approach for growing this crop in saline and arid regions.

17

What drives European farmers' attitude towards water management - a systematic literature approach

Guth Marta, Matuszczak Anna, Poczta-Wajda Agnieszka, Sapa Agnieszka, Smędzik-Ambroży Katarzyna

Economics and Environment

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2024

|

No. 2

art. no. 738

EN

Considering challenges related to climate change, projected population growth, and increasing food demand, the long-term use of water in agriculture is becoming a pressing concern. Therefore, effective water resource management by farmers is crucial and warrants extensive scientific investigation. Consequently, the primary objective of this article was to identify pertinent studies addressing farmers' approaches, attitudes, and actions concerning water management and the adoption of water innovations. The review was conducted using the PRISMA method, serving as the foundation for subsequent quantitative and qualitative analyses. The findings suggest that water management in agriculture is gaining significance due to increasing exposure to the risk of limited water availability and complement to adapt to changing climate conditions. Previous research has predominantly focused on selected southern regions of Europe. Farmers' attitudes toward water management are primarily influenced by socio-economic and institutional factors. Education emerged as a crucial determinant in encouraging farmers to use water conservation practices.

PL

Biorąc pod uwagę wyzwania związane ze zmianami klimatycznymi, prognozowanym wzrostem liczby ludności i rosnącym zapotrzebowaniem na żywność, długoterminowe wykorzystanie wody w rolnictwie staje się palącym problemem. Dlatego skuteczne zarządzanie zasobami wodnymi przez rolników ma kluczowe znaczenie i wymaga szeroko zakrojonych badań naukowych. W związku z tym głównym celem tego artykułu było zidentyfikowanie odpowiednich badań dotyczących podejść, postaw i działań rolników w zakresie gospodarki wodnej i przyjęcia innowacji wodnych. Przeglądu dokonano metodą PRISMA, która stała się podstawą do dalszych analiz ilościowych i jakościowych. Wyniki sugerują, że gospodarka wodna w rolnictwie zyskuje na znaczeniu ze względu na rosnące narażenie na ryzyko ograniczonej dostępności wody i konieczność dostosowania się do zmieniających się warunków klimatycznych. Poprzednie badania skupiały się głównie na wybranych południowych regionach Europy. Na podejście rolników do gospodarki wodnej wpływają przede wszystkim czynniki społeczno-ekonomiczne i instytucjonalne. Edukacja okazała się kluczowym czynnikiem zachęcającym rolników do stosowania praktyk oszczędzania wody.

18

Spatiotemporal Mapping of Agricultural and Meteorological Drought in Wasit Province Based on GIS and Remote Sensing Data

Said Lubna W., Aziz Nadia A., Hussein Luay Y.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 6

115--122

EN

One of the most common natural hazards that can endanger life and property is drought, which can happen under a variety of weather and environmental circumstances. This study aims to monitor the agricultural and metrological drought in the Wasit Province using remote sensing data. Landsat 8 images were used to create the agriculture drought maps based on the NDVI for the years 2013, and 2023. Additionally, SPI-12 was used for the same years to evaluate the meteorological drought. The findings demonstrated that while SPI readings in 2023 were lower, the SPI-12 in 2013 indicated near-normal drought types. Two types of drought have been identified: moderate and slight. The result shows that, for the year 2013 the percentage of moderate drought is 31%, slight drought 64%, and no drought 3.9% from the total area. While, in 2023 the percentage of moderate drought is 47%, slight drought 49%, and no drought 3.2% from the total area. It is noticed that in 2023, the moderate drought class increased by about 16%. Government planners may find this results valuable when developing and managing drought consequences.

19

Climate Change and Water Resources Management in the Ghis-Nekor Watershed (North of Morocco) – A Comprehensive Analysis Using SPI, RDI and DI Indices

Benyoussef Said, Arabi Mourad, El Yousfi Yassine, Cheikh Boumediene Ben, Abdaoui Abdellali, Azirar Maryam, Mechkirrou Latifa, El Ouarghi Hossain, Zegzouti Younes Filali, Ait Boughrous Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

199--209

EN

Morocco is currently facing significant challenges due to the ever–changing climate, with its critical water sources crucial for agriculture, economy, and daily life being greatly affected. In order to thoroughly understand the impact of climate change on the Ghis–Nekor watershed, an in–depth study spanning 38 years (1978–2016) was conducted. This involved examining the meteorological data from three stations and utilizing advanced indices, such as SPI, RDI, and DI. The findings of this study revealed prominent shifts in precipitation patterns, indicating a vulnerability in the region. While there was a general increase in annual rainfall during the specified time period, a sharp decline was observed post–2008. Further analysis of drought confirmed the presence of persistent dry spells and recurring episodes, highlighting the urgent need for effective water management strategies. These crucial findings must be considered by decision–makers for successful climate adaptation, emphasizing the key role played by this study in mitigating the effects of climate change.

20

Reservoir surface water area variations change research using Sentinel 2 MSI data. A case study in Dak Lak province, Central Highlands (Vietnam)

Trinh Le Hung, Bien Tran Xuan, Dao Khanh Hoai

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2024

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Vol. 73, no. 2

art. no. e56, 2024

EN

Agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors in Vietnam, however, in recent times, agricultural production has been negatively affected by drought, reducing crop productivity and quality. Due to the effects of climate change, drought occurs in most regions of the country with varying degrees and duration, seriously affecting water resources and agricultural production. Particularly for the Central Highlands region, drought is a natural disaster with the most negative impacts on life and production. This paper presents the results of monitoring the changes in water surface area of some reservoirs in Dak Lak province in the dry season in early 2020 from Sentinel 2 data. The MNDWI index calculated from green and NIR band of Sentinel 2 images is used to extract surface water, and thereby evaluating the change in surface water area of the reservoirs. The obtained results show a very strong decrease in water surface area of reservoirs in Dak Lak due to the influence of drought. The water surface area of Ea Sup Thuong Lake decreased about 6 times at the end of the dry season (May 2020) compared to the period of January 2020. The water surface area of Ea Uy Lake decreased about 4 times, while with the Krong Buk Ha Lake, the decrease in water surface area was lower, reaching about 28% compared to the beginning of the dry season. The results obtained in the study provide timely information to help managers effectively respond to the effects of drought on water resources.