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1
Content available Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Lead-Free and Lead-Containing Brasses for Fixture Application
Radzioch Grzegorz, Bartocha Dariusz, Kondracki Marcin
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 23, iss. 3
124--132
EN
A comparative analysis of brasses alloys, namely lead-free CuZn (CB771) and lead containing CuZn (CB770), was conducted in this article. The results of the comparative analysis and experimental investigations aimed to provide comprehensive knowledge about the thermophysical properties and solidification characteristics of these alloys. Thermodynamic simulations using Thermo-Calc software and modifications in the chemical composition of the CB771 alloy were employed to approximate its characteristics to those of the lead containing CuZn alloy. Thermal-derivative analysis of the alloys and a technological trial were carried out to determine their solidification characteristics, fluidity, and reproducibility. The casting trials were conducted under identical conditions, and the results were compared for a comprehensive analysis. Additionally, a solidification process simulation was performed using MagmaSoft software to match the thermophysical properties. The aim of this research was to achieve maximum consistency between the simulation results and experimental investigations.
2
Content available Analysis of injuries of a driver of a roll caged car sustained during a rollover crash
Peliński Jakub, Dymek Mateusz
Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki
|
2020
|
z. 19
27--34
PL
Praca przedstawia badania dotyczące ustalenia rozległości obrażeń (Siła normalna oraz tnąca w odcinku szyjnym kręgosłupa oraz ugięcie klatki piersiowej) kierowcy samochodu wyposażonego w klatkę bezpieczeństwa podczas dachowania. Do symulacji został użyty model dyskretny 50 centylowego manekina Hybrid III. Test dachowania pojazdu (1996 Dodge Neon) został przeprowadzony przy użyciu Metody Elementów Skończonych w programie LS-DYNA.
EN
The aim of the study is to analyze the extent of injuries sustained by the driver during a crash rollover. A safety cage for 1996 Dodge Neon was designed following FIA guidelines as well as a seat. 50th percentile male HYBRID III ATD model was utilized. The crashworthiness of the test setup and verification of the injury measures were examined utilizing the Finite Elements Method in LS-DYNA software. Biomechanical injury measures that were investigated include neck normal and shear force and chest deflection.
3
Content available Development of a New ATD-P Tester for Hard Wear Resistant Materials
Dojka M., Dojka R., Studnicki A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2017
|
Vol. 17, iss. 1
37--40
EN
The aim of presented studies was to develop a new geometry of the overflow part of standard ATD–C tester for derivative thermal analysis in a way that it would allow to obtain samples for abrasion and mechanical properties tests in the same mould without the need of cutting them from a block of material. The pattern of new ATD–P tester has parts reflecting implemented samples. Computer simulations regarding initial verification of new tester were performed in NovaFlow software. Chromium cast iron melts were made for testing the sampler in real conditions and TDA analysis for casting material were conducted. The sandmix was prepared on silica sand matrix according to the ALPHASET technology. This new solution greatly simplifies the preparations of materials difficult to machine.
4
Content available Heat Treatment of a Casting Element of a Through Clamp to Suspension of Electric Cables on Line Post Insulators
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 16, iss. 3
89--94
EN
Heat treatment of a casting elements poured from silumins belongs to technological processes aimed mainly at change of their mechanical properties in solid state, inducing predetermined structural changes, which are based on precipitation processes (structural strengthening of the material), being a derivative of temperature and duration of solutioning and ageing operations. The subject-matter of this paper is the issue concerning implementation of a heat treatment process, basing on selection of dispersion hardening parameters to assure improvement of technological quality in terms of mechanical properties of a clamping element of energy network suspension, poured from hypoeutectic silumin of the LM25 brand; performed on the basis of experimental research program with use of the ATD method, serving to determination of temperature range of solutioning and ageing treatments. The heat treatment performed in laboratory conditions on a component of energy network suspension has enabled increase of the tensile strength Rm and the hardness HB with about 60-70% comparing to the casting without the heat treatment, when the casting was solutioned at temperature 520 oC for 1 hour and aged at temperature 165 oC during 3 hours.
5
Content available Effect of Shortened Heat Treatment on Change of the Rm Tensile Strength of the 320.0 Aluminum Alloy
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2015
|
Vol. 15, iss. 1
75--78
EN
Mechanical and technological properties of castings made from 3xx.x alloys depend mainly on properly performed process of melting and casting, structure of a casting and mould, as well as possible heat treatment. Precipitation processes occurring during the heat treatment of the silumins containing additives of Cu and/or Mg have effect on improvement of mechanical properties of the material, while choice of parameters of solutioning and ageing treatments belongs to objectives of research work performed by a number of authors. Shortened heat treatment, which is presented in the paper assures suitable mechanical properties (Rm), and simultaneously doesn’t cause any increase of production costs of a given component due to long lasting operations of the solutioning and ageing. Results of the research concern effects of the solutioning and ageing parameters on the Rm tensile strength presented in form of the second degree polynomial and illustrated in spatial diagrams. Performed shortened heat treatment results in considerable increase of the Rm tensile strength of the 320.0 alloy as early as after 1 hour of the solutioning and 2 hours of the ageing performed in suitable.
6
Content available Specifics of Forming a Self-twisted Product in Asymmetrical Torsion Device
Telitsyn A. A., Delektorskaya I. A.
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
|
2014
|
Vol. 22, no. 3 (105)
58--60
EN
The authors of the article offer an asymmetrical arrangement of air-jet nozzles in the aerodynamic torsion device (ATD). They show the practicability of using such an ATD for the formation of a self-twisted structure of the yarn, including those containing pre-stretched elastomer. The authors calculated the levels of twist of the left-hand and right-hand components, taking into account tolerances used for the mechanical torsion device, constructed according to the asymmetric design.
PL
Autorzy artykułu zaproponowali asymetryczne usytuowanie pneumatycznych dysz powietrznych w aerodynamicznym urządzeniu skręcającym (ATD). Rozważyli możliwość wprowadzenia tego urządzenia do formowania samoskrętnej struktury nici wykończalniczych, zawierających w sobie wstępnie rozciągnięty elastomer. Dokonali obliczeń poziomów liczby skrętu obu komponentów wspomnianych nici i uwzględnili tolerancje stosowane w urządzeniu nadającym skręt mechaniczny, skonstruowanym zgodnie z asymetrycznymi założeniami jego ustawienia.
7
Content available Effect of Shortened Heat Treatment on the Hardness and Microstructure of 320.0 Aluminium Alloy
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 2
27--30
EN
Improvement of Al-Si alloys properties in scope of classic method is connected with change of Si precipitations morphology through: using modification of the alloy, maintaining suitable temperature of overheating and pouring process, as well as perfection of heat treatment methods. Growing requirements of the market make it necessary to search after such procedures, which would quickly deliver positive results with simultaneous consideration of economic aspects. Presented in the paper shortened heat treatment with soaking of the alloy at temperature near temperature of solidus could be assumed as the method in the above mentioned understanding of the problem. Such treatment consists in soaking of the alloy to temperature of solutioning, keeping in such temperature, and next, quick quenching in water (20°C) followed by artificial ageing. Temperature ranges of solutioning and ageing treatments implemented in the adopted testing plan were based on analysis of recorded curves from the ATD method. Obtained results relate to dependencies and spatial diagrams describing effect of parameters of the solutioning and ageing treatments on HB hardness of the investigated alloy and change of its microstructure. Performed shortened heat treatment results in precipitation hardening of the investigated 320.0 alloy, what according to expectations produces increased hardness of the material.
8
Content available The influence of impurities in feed ingots on the quality of castings made from nickel superalloy IN-713C
Binczyk F., Cwajna J., Sozańska M., Gradoń P.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 13, iss. 4
5--8
EN
The paper presents the results of research on the impact of impurities in the feed ingots (master heat) on the precipitation of impurities in the ATD thermal analysis probe castings. This impurities occur mostly inside shrinkage cavities and in interdendritic space. Additionally, insufficient filtration of liquid alloy during pouring promotes the transfer of impurities into the casting. The technology of melting superalloys in vacuum furnace prevents the removal of slag from the surface of molten metal. Because of that, the effective method of quality assessment of feed ingots in order to evaluate the existence of impurities is needed. The effectiveness of ATD analysis in evaluation of purity of feed ingots was researched. In addition the similarities of non-metallic inclusions in feed ingots and in castings were observed.
9
Content available Influence of vibrations during crystallization on mechanical properties and porosity of EN AC-AlSi17 alloy
Ciućka T.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 13, iss. 1
5--8
EN
Today’s industry aims at such situation, where number of defective products, so called defects shall approach to zero. Therefore, one introduces a various changes in technology of production, introduces improvements which would help in accomplishment of this objective. Another important factor is introduction of different type of testing, which shall help in assessment which factor has significant effect on quantity of rejects, and which one could be neglected. Existence of casting rejects is unavoidable; therefore a new ideas, technologies and innovations are necessary in the entire widely understood foundry branch, in order to minimize such adverse effect. Performance of tests aimed at unequivocal determination of an effect of vibrations during crystallization on mechanical properties and porosity of the EN AC-AlSi17 alloy was the objective of the present work. To do this, there were produced 36 castings from EN AC-AlSi17 alloy. All the castings underwent machining operations. Half of the casting was destined to strength tests, the other half served to determination of an effect of vibrations on porosity of the alloy. The specimens were divided into 12 groups, depending on amplitude of vibrations and tilt angle of metal mould during pouring operation.
10
Content available T6 Heat Treatment of Hypo-eutectic Silumins in Aspect of Improvement of Rm Tensile Strength
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 12, iss. 2s
49--52
EN
Improvement of properties of silumins in scope of classic methods is connected with changes in morphology of silicon precipitation through: process of modification of alloy, maintaining a suitable temperature of overheating and pouring into moulds, as well as perfection of heat treatment processes. Obtained structure of casting have a direct influence on mechanical and technological properties of machinery parts, and therefore, usage of knowledge on crystallization to control of crystallization’s kinetics of castings in order to optimize obtained structure and introduction of modern methods of heat treatment, enabling considerable improvement of mechanical and technological properties, becomes an important factor. Dispersion hardening with soaking of alloy near temperature of solidus, consisting in heating of poured specimens to temperature of solutioning, keeping in such temperature, cooling down in cold water (20oC), and next operation of artificial ageing have effect on change of tensile strength Rm of a selected hypo-eutectoid silumins. Selection of suitable parameters of dispersion hardening is condition of obtainment of positive results in terms of improvement of tensile strength Rm and has effect on its economic aspects.
11
Content available remote Influence of vibrations during crystallization of EN AC-ALSi13Cu2 alloy on mechanical and porosity properties
Ciućka T.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2011
|
Vol. 11, iss. 2
9-12
EN
Today’s industry aims at such situation, where number of defective products, so called defects shall approach to zero. Therefore, one introduces a various changes in technology of production, introduces improvements which would help in accomplishment of this objective. Another important factor is introduction of different type of testing, which shall help in assessment which factor has significant effect on quantity of rejects, and which one could be neglected. Existence of casting rejects is unavoidable; therefore a new ideas, technologies and innovations are necessary in the entire widely understood foundry branch, in order to minimize such adverse effect. Performance of tests aimed at unequivocal determination of an effect of vibrations during crystallization on mechanical properties and porosity of the EN ACAlSi11 alloy was the objective of the present work. To do this, there were produced 36 castings from EN AC-AlSi11 alloy. All the castings underwent machining operations. Half of the casting was destined to strength tests, the other half served to determination of an effect of vibrations on porosity of the alloy. The specimens were divided into 12 groups, depending on amplitude of vibrations and tilt angle of metal mould during pouring operation.
12
Content available remote Influence of vibrations during crystallization on mechanical properties and porosity of AlSi13Cu2 alloy
Ciućka T.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 10, iss. 1 spec.
127--130
EN
Today’s industry aims at such situation, where number of defective products, so called defects shall approach to zero. Therefore, one introduces a various changes in technology of production, introduces improvements which would help in accomplishment of this objective. Another important factor is introduction of different type of testing, which shall help in assessment which factor has significant effect on quantity of rejects, and which one could be neglected. Existence of casting rejects is unavoidable; therefore a new ideas, technologies and innovations are necessary in the entire widely understood foundry branch, in order to minimize such adverse effect. Performance of tests aimed at unequivocal determination of an effect of vibrations during crystallization on mechanical properties and porosity of the AlSi13Cu2 alloy was the objective of the present work. To do this, there were produced 36 castings from AlSi13Cu2 alloy. All the castings underwent machining operations. Half of the casting was destined to strength tests, the other half served to determination of an effect of vibrations on porosity of the alloy. The specimens were divided into 12 groups, depending on amplitude of vibrations and tilt angle of metal mould during pouring operation.
13
Content available remote Influence of solidification rate on microstructure of gravity cast AZ91 magnesium alloy
Barszczyńska-Malik K. N., Zyska A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 10, iss. 1
23-26
EN
Derivative thermal (ATD) and microstructure analyses of gravity cast AZ91 magnesium alloy are presented. The alloy was cast into cold steel and sand moulds with the same dimensions. ATD curves - solidification curves and their first derivative - are presented. The investigated alloy exhibited a strong alloying elements segregation and the presence of [alpha] solid solution and [alpha+gamma] (Mg17Al12) eutectic mixture. Discontinuous precipitates of [gamma] phase were also observed in the microstructure of AZ91 cast into sand mould.
14
Content available remote Heat treatment of the EN AC-AlSi9Cu3(Fe) alloy
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 10, iss. 2
99--102
EN
Silumins are widely used in automotive, aviation and shipbuilding industries; as having specific gravity nearly three times lower than specific gravity of cast iron the silumins can be characterized by high mechanical properties. Additionally, they feature good casting properties, good machinability and good thermal conductivity. i.e. properties as required for machinery components operating in high temperatures and at considerable loads. Mechanical properties of the silumins can be upgraded, implementing suitably selected heat treatment. In the paper is presented an effect of modification and heat treatment processes on mechanical properties of the EN AC-AlSi9Cu3(Fe) alloy. Investigated alloy has undergone typical processes of modification and refining, and next heat treatment. Temperature range of the heat treatment operations was determined on base of curves from the ATD method. Obtained results concern registered melting and solidification curves from the ATD method and strength tests. On base of the performed tests one has determined range of the heat treatment parameters which would assure obtainment of the best possible mechanical properties of the EN AC-AlSi9Cu3(Fe) alloy.
15
Content available remote Influence of vibrations during crystallization on mechanical properties and porosity of AlSi11 alloy
Ciućka T.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 9, iss. 2
45-48
EN
Today's industry aims at such situation, where number of defective products, so called defects shall approach to zero. Therefore, one introduces a various changes in technology of production, introduces improvements which would help in accomplishment of this objective. Another important factor is introduction of different type of testing, which shall help in assessment which factor has significant effect on quantity of rejects, and which one could be neglected. Existence of casting rejects is unavoidable; therefore a new ideas, technologies and innovations are necessary in the entire widely understood foundry branch, in order to minimize such adverse effect. Performance of tests aimed at unequivocal determination of an effect of vibrations during crystallization on mechanical properties and porosity of the AK11 alloy was the objective of the present work. To do this, there were produced 36 castings from AK11 alloy. All the castings underwent machining operations. Half of the casting was destined to strength tests, the other half served to determination of an effect of vibrations on porosity of the alloy. The specimens were divided into 12 groups, depending on amplitude of vibrations and tilt angle of metal mould during pouring operation.
16
Content available remote Effect of dispersion hardening on impact resistance of EN AC-AlSi12Cu2Fe silumin
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 9, iss. 2
21-24
EN
Development of modern technology have generated supply of better and better, more resistant structural materials not attainable earlier. Weight of metal structures is of a great importance, and as a consequence, also weight of materials used for a given structure. More often, for metal structures are used light weight metals and their alloys, from which aluminum and its alloys have become the most widespread. These alloys, based on Al-Si equilibrium system, contain additional constituents (e.g.: Mg, Cu) enabling, except modification, improvement of mechanical properties obtained in result of heat treatment. The paper presents an effect of modification process and heat treatment on impact resistance of EN AC-AlSi12Cu2Fe alloy. Solutioning and ageing temperatures were selected on base of registered curves of the ATD method. For the neareutectic EN AC-AlSi12Cu2Fe silumin one obtained growth of the impact resistance both due to performed modification treatment and performed heat treatments of the alloy.
17
Content available remote Control of cast iron and casts manufacturing by Inmold method
Pietrowski S.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 9, iss. 3
133-142
EN
In this paper the usability of cast iron spheroidizing process in mould control by ATD method as well as by ultrasonic method were presented. Structure of instrumentation needed for control form performance of cast iron spheroidizing by Inmold method was illustrated. Author, pointed out that amount of magnesium master alloy should obtain 0,8 - 1,0% of mass in form at all. Such quantity of preliminary alloy assure of obtain of nodular graphite in cast iron. In consequence of this, is reduce the cast iron liquidus temperature and decrease of recalescence temperature of graphite-eutectic crystallization in compare with initial cast iron. Control of casts can be carried out by ultrasonic method. In plain cast iron, ferritic-pearlitic microstructure is obtaining. Additives of 1,5% Cu ensure pearlitic structure.
18
Content available remote Testing of heating and cooling process of ADI cast iron with use of ATND method
Białobrzeski A., Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2008
|
Vol. 8, iss. 3
11-14
EN
ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron) cast iron, owing to its unique combination of high tensile strength and abrasion resistance with very good plasticity, founds implementation in many branches of industry as a substitute of alloy cast steel and carburized or heat treated steels. In spite of its solid position among producers and recipients of castings, there are still undertaken studies aimed at perfection of its properties and recognition of mechanisms enabling obtaining such properties. The paper presents implementation of thermal-voltage-derivative (ATND) method to registration of heating and cooling course of ADI cast iron with EN-GJS-1200-2 grade. ADI cast iron with EN-GJS-1200-2 grade underwent the study. Heat treatment of the cast iron was performed in Foundry Institute with use of LT ADI-350/1000 processing line. Results obtained from the testing illustrate in graphic form registered heating and cooling curves of investigated cast irons obtained with use of the ATND method.
19
Content available remote Effect of dispersion hardening process on elongation of EN AB-43200 silumin
Pezda J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2008
|
Vol. 8, iss. 4
167-170
EN
Aluminum alloys belong to the second, after ferrous alloys, group of material having the biggest application in technology. Mass of metal structures is of important value, what involves lightweight mass of materials used in a given structure. Lightweight metals are used more and more often in metal structures, whereas aluminum and its alloys are the most widespread. Mechanical and technological properties of castings produced from Al-Si alloys depend on correct melting and pouring process, design of the castings and moulds and their heat treatments. Reduction of production costs requires selection of optimal parameters of the heat treatment (temperatures and durations of the treatments). The paper describes implementation of the ATD method to determination of hyperquenching and ageing treatments of EN AB-43200 (AK9) silumin. Investigated alloy was melted in electric resistance furnace. In the next stage the alloy underwent the treatment of refining and modification. Course of crystallization is presented with use of thermal-derivative analysis (ATD). That method was also used to determination of temperature range of heat treatments of the alloy. Obtained results apply to solidification curves recorded with use of the ATD method, light microscopy, strength tests and determination of an effect of heat treatment parameters on A5 elongation of the investigated alloy. On base of the performed tests of heat treated alloys there was determined an effect of selected parameters on obtained elongation (A5).
20
Content available remote Analysis of Al-Mg casting alloys crystallization with use of "ATND" method
Ciućka T.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2008
|
Vol. 8, iss. 4
27-30
EN
The paper presents results of non-ferrous metals crystallization tests performed with use of the ATND method. Such tests are performed in the Institute of Chipless Technology, Academy of Technology and Humanities in Bielsko-Biala. Method of analysis of non-ferrous metals crystallization gives complete picture of arisen structural components of alloys. Particular structural components of alloys investigated with use of the ATND method were verified in X-ray microanalysis, what unequivocally confirmed their presence. Below are presented in graphical form (crystallization diagrams) results of crystallization process obtained from the ATND method. In crystallization diagrams of AlMg10 and AG51 alloys are shown curves (thermal curve and its derivative, voltage curve and its derivative). Crystallizable individual structural components of the investigated alloys are reflected on curves of the method in form of characteristic peaks. The tests were performed with AlMg10 and AlMg5Si1 aluminum-magnesium alloys casting. Moreover, the paper presents structures of the investigated alloys with marked structural components identified with use of X-ray microanalysis.
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