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Different Ignition Responses of Powdery and Bulky 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) Based Polymer-bonded Explosives under Ultra-high Voltage Electrostatic Discharge

Lyu Z., Long X., Li Z., Dai X., Deng C., He S., Li M., Yao K., Wen Y.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2018

Vol. 15, no. 2

283--298

The electric spark induced ignition mechanism for explosives needs further study. The ignition of powdery and bulky TATB by electrostatic discharge (ESD) was investigated. Up to 200 kV ultra-high voltage ESD was applied to powdery and bulky explosives of two TATB-based polymer-bonded explosives (named PBX-1 and PBX-2). The results showed that the spark sensitivities of powdery and bulky explosives are extremely different for the same formulation. The 50% ignition voltages of powdery PBX-1 and PBX-2 were 10.8 kV and 8.5 kV, respectively, while the values for the bulky samples (tablets) were not less than 200 kV. Both heat and the electric field can be transmitted into the powdery samples, on the other hand only the electric field can be transmitted into the bulk samples. The electric field has a smaller contribution while the heat has a larger contribution to the ignition during an ESD, i.e., the thermal effect plays a main role in the ignition process. Our experimental results are in good agreement with recent results calculated by density functional theory.

SURE-Based Projections Onto Convex Sets for Image Restoration

Deng C., Tian W., Wang S., Hu S., Rao W., Li Y.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2013

R. 89, nr 5

167-170

Projections onto convex sets (POCS) algorithms have been widely used for image restoration problem. However, the relaxation parameter of POCS is strongly data-dependent and difficult to tune. In this work we focus on optimally selecting such parameter in POCS algorithm for image restoration. A stein’s unbiased risk estimate (SURE) based POCS (SPOCS) for image restoration algorithm is proposed, in which SURE is used to determine an optimal value. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimality of the proposed parameter selection is tested by image restoration experiments.

W artykule przedstawiono metodę optymalnego doboru parametru relaksacji dla algorytmu POCS, służącego do odtwarzania obrazów. W proponowanym rozwiązaniu (SPOCS) zastosowano estymator Stein’a (SURE), służący do wyznaczenia optymalnej wartości współczynnika lambda. Działania algorytmu zostało zbadane eksperymentalnie.

Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on antioxidant system activities and proline content in Kandelia candel

Song H., Wang Y-S., Sun C-C., Wu M-L., Peng Y-L., Deng C., Li Q.P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2011

Vol. 40, No.3

9-18

The antioxidant system effects of Kandelia candel were investigated under four different levels of PAH stress. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), the responses to the change of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and the accumulation of proline in K. candel were determined. Our results suggested that the activities of SOD, CAT, POD increased significantly in leaves and roots of K. candel (p≤0.05) with the increase of the external PAH concentrations, while in stems, the activities of these antioxidant enzymes were all significantly inhibited (p≤0.01). We also observed an increase of MDA in leaves, stems and roots, and an obvious correlation between MDA content and PAH concentrations in three locations, which showed that the change of MDA content could be used as a biomarker of K. candel under PAH stress. The proline content was found remarkably enhanced in leaves, stems and roots. However, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the proline content and SOD (r=-0.99, p≤0.01), POD (r=-0.95, p≤0.05) activities in stems. This study suggested that the antioxidative system of K. candel has an obvious organ-dependent feature when exposed to PAH contamination as revealed by discriminant analysis (DA).