Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The Impact of Carbonic Acid on Porosity and Pore Structure During Matrix Acidizing of Carbonate Reservoirs: Implications for Reducing CO2 Emissions

Almalichy Abdulameer, Turzo Zoltan

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2025

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Vol. 35, no. 1

316--329

EN

This study investigates the impact of carbonic acid on pore structure and porosity during matrix acidizing in carbonate formations by analysing T2 relaxation times and incremental porosity before and after treatment. Four core samples of Indiana limestone (outcrop formation) with dimensions of 2.5" in length and 1.5" in diameter, 14 15% porosity, and 3-7 mD permeability were used. Different injection rates (0.2, 0.5, and 1 cm³/min) were applied to assess the acid treatment's effectiveness under varying conditions. The carbonic acid was prepared by mixing 70% fresh water with 30% supercritical CO2 at 1500 psi and room temperature. The results revealed a consistent pattern of incremental porosity and a shift in T2 relaxation times, indicating changes in the pore structure. Specifically, the acid treatment enhanced pore connectivity and increased pore size, resulting in elevated porosity. These findings provide valuable insights into the use of CO2 as an alternative to conventional acids for improving well productivity.

2

Phytochemical analysis and the first report of decyl gallate and 4-ethoxycoumarin from marine seagrass Posidonia oceanica collected from Benghazi beach Libya

Elabbar Fakhri, Alasply Abdulsalam

Scientiae Radices

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2024

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Vol. 3, Iss. 2

122--141

EN

The goal of this research is to examine the chemical composition of the plant and identify the phytochemical constituents of the endemic seagrass species in the Mediterranean Sea, Posidonia oceanica, which has historically been used for a variety of purposes. After doing chemical screening, the existence of triterpenoid and phenolic proteins was discovered. Using preparative thin-layer chromatography and flash column chromatography techniques, seven phenolic compounds were isolated from the methanolic extracts of several plant parts. Namely decyl gallate, sinapinic acid, alpha-methyl cinnamic acid, acetosyringone, and chlorogenic acid from leaves, 4-ethoxycoumarin from rhizomes, and syringic acid from roots. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods such as 'H and 13C-NMR. The spectra were analyzed and visualized using Mnova software and compared with standard spectra from the Willy spectra database, biological magnetic resonance data bank, and chemical book. This is the first report of decyl gallate and 4-ethoxycoumarin from the plant. This study contributes to the understanding of the phytochemical profile of Posidonia oceanica and provides valuable insights into its potential applications in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and industry.

3

Development, comprehensive characterization, and antimicrobial activity evaluation of a novel class of symmetrical 1,3-benzoxazine derivatives

Issam A.M., Kareem Huda Salah, Jweeg Muhsin Jaber, Mohammed M.N, Abdullah Thamer Adnan, Abdullah Oday I., Hassan Chiya Othman

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2024

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Vol. 26, nr 4

104--113

EN

Completely symmetrical 6,6’-cyclohexane-1,1-diyl bis (3-substituted-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine) synthesized compounds have been able by a two-step process that yields a large amount of the compound. First, phenol and cyclohexanone were subjected to the Friedel-Craft process to produce 1,1’-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane. The reaction between the bisphenol and formaldehyde and several primary amines produced unique symmetrical 1,3-benzoxazine compounds. Several spectroscopic methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C), GCMS spectrometry, and CHNS, were utilized in conjunction with tridimensional liquid chromatography (TLC) to investigate and validate the structures of the compounds created thoroughly. Two Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacteria and a pathogenic fungus were tested for antimicrobial activity in contrast to the gold-standard medications streptomycin and nystatin. The antibacterial activity of some of these compounds was even better than that of the gold-standard medications, which is encouraging.

4

Wydzielanie petrofacji na podstawie wyników analiz NMR dla skał z różnych basenów sedymentacyjnych

Zagórska Urszula, Hebda Kamil, Mglej Joanna

Nafta-Gaz

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2024

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R. 80, nr 12

731--740

PL

Istotnym zadaniem w celu opracowania modelu złoża i szacowania jego zasobów jest wyznaczenie petrofacji skał zdeponowanych w danym basenie sedymentacyjnym. Celem pracy było zidentyfikowanie petrofacji (ang. rock-typing) na podstawie wyników analiz magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego (NMR). Do badań dobrano skały reprezentujące utwory czerwonego spągowca i miocenu zapadliska przedkarpackiego. Petrofacje wydzielono na podstawie specjalistycznych analiz NMR pozwalających na prawidłowe wyznaczenie porowatości dynamicznej, efektywnej i nasycenia wodą nieredukowalną. Zastosowano metodę analizy skupień z wykorzystaniem algorytmu k-średnich. Dla każdego z basenów sedymentacyjnych wydzielono po cztery petrofacje o zróżnicowanych właściwościach zbiornikowych. W przypadku skał konwencjonalnych czerwonego spągowca wykorzystano takie parametry jak porowatość całkowita (KpNMR), porowatość efektywna (Kpef), porowatość dynamiczna (Kp3), nasycenie wodą nieredukowalną w porowatości całkowitej (Swnr KpNMR), a także przepuszczalność absolutna. Kluczowe parametry najlepiej różnicujące petrofacje to porowatość dynamiczna i nasycenie wodą nieredukowaną. Natomiast skały mioceńskie podzielono w oparciu o zawartość wody w minerałach ilastych (Kp1), zawartość wody w porach <0,03 μm (Kp < 0,03), zawartość wody w porach >0,03 μm (Kp > 0,03), nasycenie wodą nieredukowalną związane z iłami (Swnr_ił) oraz nasycenie wodą nieredukowalną w porach <0,03 μm (Swnr <0,03). Najistotniejsze w wydzieleniu petrofacji okazały się nasycenie wodą nieredukowalną w porach <0,03 μm oraz zawartość wody w porach >0,03 μm. Petrofacje wydzielone w obu basenach sedymentacyjnych są zgodne z typami litologicznymi uzyskanymi na podstawie obserwacji makroskopowych i badań mineralogicznych. Do petrofacji o najkorzystniejszych parametrach (RT1) należą piaskowce średnioziarniste zarówno czerwonego spągowca, jak i miocenu. Najsłabszymi parametrami (petrofacja RT4) cechują się zlepieńce czerwonego spągowca oraz mułowce mioceńskie. Autorzy wykazali, że wyniki uzyskane metodą NMR dobrze charakteryzują najważniejsze dla eksploatacji węglowodorów parametry przestrzeni porowej skał i mogą być podstawą wydzielenia petrofacji dla skał o różnych właściwościach zbiornikowych.

EN

Rock-typing is essential for developing reservoir models, estimating resources, and performing multi-well correlations. The aim of this study was to perform rock-typing based on the results of nuclear magnetic resonance analyses (NMR). Rocks representing two different reservoirs, the Rotliegend and the Miocene of the Carpathian Foredeep, were selected for the study. Petrofacies were assigned based on specialised NMR analyses, allowing for the correct determination of dynamic and effective porosity and irreducible water saturation. Cluster analysis was performed using the k-means algorithm. Four petrofacies with different reservoir properties were distinguished for each of the sedimentary basins. The parameters of total porosity (KpNMR), effective porosity (Kpef), dynamic porosity (Kp3), irreducible water saturation in total porosity (Swnr KpNMR), and absolute permeability were used for conventional Rotliegend rocks. Dynamic porosity and irreducible water saturation were the key parameters that best differentiated petrofacies. Miocene rocks were grouped based on the clay bound water (Kp1), the water content in pores <0.03 μm (Kp <0.03), the water content in pores >0.03 μm (Kp > 0.03), irreducible water saturation associated with clays (Swnr_ił), irreducible water saturation in pores <0.03 μm (Swnr <0.03). The most critical factors in petrofacies separation were irreducible water saturation in pores <0.03 μm and water content in pores > 0.03 μm. The petrofacies identified in both sedimentary basins are consistent with the lithological types obtained based on macroscopic observations and mineralogical studies. The petrofacies with the most favourable parameters (RT1) include medium-grained sandstones, both Rotliegend and Miocene. The poorest parameters (petrofacies RT4) characterise the Rotliegend conglomerates and Miocene mudstones. The work presented has shown that the results obtained by the NMR method well characterise the parameters of the rock pore space, which are key to hydrocarbon exploitation and can be used as the basis for rock-typing for rocks with different reservoir properties.

5

Potencjał wykorzystania metabolomiki w badaniach przemysłowych

Kuropka Patryk, Pyra Adrianna, Łojewska Weronika, Wojtowicz Wojciech, Młynarz Piotr

Chemik

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2024

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Nr 1

48--55

PL

Metabolomika, należąca do nauk omicznych, jest podejściem analitycznym służącym do określania zmian jakościowych i ilościowych w składzie próbki (metabolomu) przy pomocy zaawansowanych metod analitycznych, takich jak spektroskopia magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego (NMR) oraz spektrometria mas (MS) sprzężona z technikami separacyjnymi (np. LC-MS, GC-MS, CE-MS). Zebrane dane analityczne są analizowane za pomocą wielowymiarowych metod chemometrycznych oraz metod uczenia maszynowego. Ze względu na zdolność do wykrywania zmian w badanym materiale analitycznym powodowanych przez czynniki zarówno wewnętrzne, jak i zewnętrzne, metabolomika wykazuje bardzo duży potencjał do wykorzystania w różnych gałęziach przemysłu, gdzie potrzebna jest powtarzalność procesów, dokładna analiza oraz autentykacja – uwierzytelnianie pochodzenia poszczególnych składników stosowanych w produkcji. Metabolomika może być stosowana w takich branżach przemysłowych jak przemysł spożywczy, biotechnologiczny, farmaceutyczny i kosmetyczny. Doskonale może sprawdzać się w medycynie do wyznaczania nowych celów terapeutycznych, pozwala na monitorowanie terapii oraz rozwoju stanów patologicznych. W toksykologii środowiskowej umożliwia określanie zmian w metabolomie organizmów po ekspozycji na dany stresor oraz zmiany środowiskowe. W opracowaniu przedstawiono przykłady aktualnych i potencjalnych zastosowań metabolomiki w różnych gałęziach przemysłu.

EN

Metabolomics, a field within omics sciences, is an analytical approach used to determine qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of a sample (metabolome) using advanced analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with separation techniques (e.g., LC-MS, GC-MS, CE-MS). The collected analytical data are analyzed using multidimensional chemometric methods and machine learning techniques. Due to its ability to detect changes in the analyzed material caused by both internal and external factors, metabolomics has great potential for use in various industries where process repeatability, precise analysis, and authentication of the origin of individual components used in production are needed. Metabolomics can be applied in industries such as food, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It can also be valuable in medicine for identifying new therapeutic targets, monitoring therapy, and the development of pathological conditions. In environmental toxicology, it enables the determination of changes in the organism’s metabolome after exposure to a specific stressor and environmental changes. This paper presents examples of current and potential applications of metabolomics in various industries.

6

Semi-quantitative analysis study of the impact of microwave treatment on fly ash

Ma Xian Yun, Nie Yi Miao, Guo Jia Le, Chen Yang, Chang Zhen Jia, Wang Ling, Liu Shu Xian, Wang Long

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 6

art. no. 174897

EN

Pre-processing provides an effective way for fly ash's high value-added utilization. However, the shortcomings of pre-processing methods such as grinding and flotation are apparent with many disadvantages that make it more challenging to use efficiently. Microwave heating helps the SiO2-Al.2O3 bond break, not only can make the structural change of the material can also promote the chemical reaction process. In the article, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, ammonia nitrogen adsorption, and other methods were used to analyze the changes in the properties of fly ash before and after microwave pre-treatment, the change in adsorption performance of fly ash before and after microwave treatment was analyzed. The study found that under microwave conditions of 600 W and 15 min, the adsorption rate of ammonia nitrogen by fly ash reached a maximum of 29.67%. The intensity of mullite and amorphous diffraction peaks decreased after 20 min at 600 W. The Si-O-(Si, Al) and Si-O-(Si) bonds showed significant changes at 15 min and 20 min under 600 W conditions. Based on the results, the microwave conditions were selected at 600 W for different periods, and semi-quantitative analysis was carried out by XRD-Rietveld, infrared peak fitting, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The XRD-Rietveld analysis showed that the amorphous phase content reached 46.18% at 15 min. In the infrared peak fitting, the fitting area at 1300-900 cm-1 and 600-400 cm-1 peaks at 56.92% at 25 min and 17.5% at 15 min, respectively. The silicon-oxygen network's degree of connection and polymerization was reduced after 15 min of microwave treatment for the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. By combining specific surface area measurements, it was discovered that the maximum specific surface area attained a value of 3.122 m2/g at 15 min.

7

Wzmocnienie sygnału magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego metodami hiperpolaryzacji jądrowej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem hiperpolaryzacji indukowanej parawodorem

Jopa Sylwia, Mames Adam, Ratajczyk Tomasz

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2022

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[Z] 76, 11-12

912--942

EN

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance based methods are currently being widely utilized in many fields of science, medicine, and industry. The impressive amount of success that has been made with NMR has been possible because an enormous effort has been expended to improve the low level of NMR sensitivity. However, the issue of low NMR sensitivity is still a serious problem, and NMR still cannot be utilized in many important cases where the concentrations of NMR active species are low-this is why the boosting of the NMR signal is currently one of the most important research fields in the NMR area. Here, the problem of low NMR sensitivity is discussed through the presentation of methodologies aimed at increasing NMR sensitivity and their novel applications. First, a short general overview of the NMR and its sensitivity problem will be presented. Having clearly identified the problem, the main technologies that will be utilized for the improvement of NMR sensitivity will be introduced. First, we will concisely, and with appropriate references, present methodologies that can increase NMR sensitivity via the design of novel superconducting magnets, the application of cryotechnology for the design of noiseless probe heads, and other hardware and software approaches. Next, the most promising and powerful method for NMR signal enhancement which is known as hyperpolarization will be discussed. First, noble gas hyperpolarization and CIDNP will be briefly presented. We will describe the basic mechanism and applications of these methods. Next, our attention will be paid to the DNP approach, and the origin and applications of the DNP effect will be presented, in particular from the point of view of its utilization in medical diagnostics and material sciences. The most extensive part of our discussion will be devoted to the parahydrogen-based methods, which include hydrogenable Parahydrogen Induced Polarization and Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. In the introduction to these methods, the properties of hydrogen molecules, which are the main driving forces of PHIP, will be presented. The mechanism of the boosting of NMR signals will be presented for hPHIP and SABRE. The application of these methods will be presented, with the central focus being on their applications in catalysis and medical diagnostics. In the context of medical applications, the hyperpolarization of biorelevant molecules will be presented. Finally, a summary and future prospects for the development of methods of NMR signal enhancement, particularly in the context of hyperpolarization, will be discussed.

8

Monitorowanie metabolizmu komórkowego za pomocą metody spektroskopii NMR

Pudełko-Malik Natalia, Sapeta Monika, Młynarz Piotr

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2022

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[Z] 76, 5-6

323--333

EN

Metabolomics approaches allow systematic identification and quantitation of all metabolites in biological samples analyzes. As already known metabolism is directly or indirectly related to every aspect of cell function, therefore a careful observation of every changes taking place in metabolism, for example endogenous biochemical reaction products, reflectsthe phenotype of any living cell. Monitoring the metabolite profiles using metabolomics technologies, especially nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based on cell culture, allows us to evaluate drug efficiency and outcome of experimental therapy, and most importantly, it allows us to monitor the reaction of the model cell lines to a given treatment. The continued development of metabolomic approaches, e.g. analytical technique, or chemometric software, will accelerate the widespread use of metabolomics not only in the clinical field but also in different biological fields. This work presents a use of nuclear magnetic resonance to characterize and understand the cellular metabolome in a wide range of pathophysiological and clinical contexts.

9

Oznaczanie związków fosforu w matrycach roślinnych

Żyszka-Haberecht Beata, Wieczorek Dorota, Lipok Jacek

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2021

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[Z] 75, 7-8

1017--1038

EN

The variety of the chemical forms of phosphorus compounds occurring in plant tissues, accompanied by the complexity of the chemical composition of plants as the analytical matrices, are the reasons why there is no one, the best answer, how those individual substances may be determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Interestingly, if the subject of determination is the total phosphorus content, the spectrum of effective methods and techniques seems to be impressive. However, in case of spectrophotometric measurements and classical variants of absorption (FAAS) or emission (ICP-AES/ ICP-OES) spectrometry techniques, it is necessary at first to isolate various phosphorus forms from the matrix, and then to mineralize them prior determination. The development of combined methods e.g. ETV-ICP- AES or HR-ETAAS, does allow the isolation of the phosphorus analyte and its detection in a kind of “one step” analytical procedure, directly in plant tissues. Similar benefits, while maintaining the sensitivity of determinations, are brought by the use of XRF, SIMS or nanoSIMS - more expensive techniques of imaging the presence of phosphorus in biological matrices. In turn, the application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, especially the 31P NMR technique is thought to be the most universal approach. Using this technique and being aware of higher limit of detection, it is possible to determine various plant phosphorus compounds qualitatively and quantitatively, at the same time.

10

Application of low-field NMR in the study of flocculant-aided filtration process of coal tailings

Guo Zhimin, Liang Long, Hu Pengfei

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 3

1--7

EN

Preconditioning of coal tailings with flocculants is a useful technology to improve filtration performance. In this study, anionic and cationic polyacrylamides were used for the pretreatment coal tailings before filtration. Nondestructive and rapid measurement of the filter cakes of coal tailings at different filtration stages was conducted using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The transverse relaxation time (T2) results of NMR provided the information concerned the state of water in filter cake, showing that free water entrapped in larger pores was removed mainly during coal tailings filtration, and the pressure in this study cannot remove the inherent moisture of filter cake of coal tailings. The significant increase in the amplitude of T2 value between 0.1 and 1.0 ms revealed that the flocs collapsed into smaller ones with water entrapped in them during filtration. Comparing the NMR results with different flocculants shows that anionic polyacrylamide of 800 g/Mg produced a larger structure in the initial stage of filter cake formation. The final filter cake entrapped more water. The NMR results well validated the filtration experiments.

11

Ocena przydatności wykorzystania geometrycznych parametrów przestrzeni porowej z obrazów tomograficznych w kontekście pomiarów NMR, porozymetrii rtęciowej i porozymetrii helowej

Drabik Katarzyna, Krakowska-Madejska Paulina, Puskarczyk Edyta, Dohnalik Marek

Nafta-Gaz

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2021

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R. 77, nr 11

725--735

PL

Głównym celem pracy była ocena przydatności wyników interpretacji ilościowej, uzyskanej z obrazowania wewnętrznej struktury próbek skał z wykorzystaniem metody tomografii komputerowej, do szacowania parametrów zbiornikowych takich jak porowatość czy przepuszczalność. W pracy badano zależności korelacyjne pomiędzy parametrami przestrzeni porowej uzyskanymi z analizy obrazów tomografii komputerowej a wynikami standardowych badań laboratoryjnych. Materiał badawczy składał się z próbek piaskowców czerwonego spągowca, facji eolicznej, pobranych z obszaru Niżu Polskiego. Do analiz wybrano kilkadziesiąt próbek skał piaskowców czerwonego spągowca, dla których policzono 69 parametrów. Interpretacja jakościowa i ilościowa polegała na porównaniu parametrów otrzymanych z analizy obrazu tomograficznego z wcześniej uzyskanymi wynikami analiz laboratoryjnych obejmujących następujące metody badawcze: porozymetrię helową (Por.He), spektrometrię jądrowego rezonansu magnetycznego (NMR), porozymetrię rtęciową (Por.Hg) i przepuszczalność absolutną (przepuszcz). Utworzono macierze korelacji dla wszystkich dostępnych parametrów, do pracy wybrano korelacje istotne, o najwyższym współczynniku korelacji liniowej. Zaobserwowano istotne zależności liniowe pomiędzy parametrami wyznaczonymi z analizy obrazów CT i innych metod badawczych. Uzyskano modele pozwalające na szacowanie przepuszczalności, porowatości i zawartości wody nieredukowalnej na podstawie parametrów geometrycznych otrzymanych z obrazów tomograficznych (współczynnik kształtu, charakterystyka Eulera czy powierzchnia właściwa). W efekcie możliwe jest wstępne oszacowanie parametrów petrofizycznych jedynie na bazie wyników z nieniszczącej metody CT. W przypadku obrazowania tomograficznego pełnych rdzeni uzyskane związki pozwalają na wstępną estymację rozkładu porowatości i gęstości objętościowej w całym rdzeniu, co może być pomocne podczas typowania miejsc do poboru próbek rdzeni przeznaczonych do szczegółowych badań laboratoryjnych.

EN

The main purpose of the study was to assess the usefulness of the results of quantitative interpretation of computed tomography (CT) images of rocks’ pore structure for the estimation of reservoir parameters, such as porosity and permeability. This study presents results of correlation analyses between the pore space parameters obtained from the analysis of computed tomography images and the results of standard laboratory tests. The research material consisted of samples representing Rotliegend sandstones of aeolian facies, collected from core material from wells located in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. Several dozen samples were selected for analysis, for which 69 parameters were calculated. The qualitative and quantitative interpretation consisted in comparing the parameters obtained from the analysis of the tomographic images with the previously obtained results of laboratory analyzes including the following research methods: helium porosimetry (Por.He), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), mercury porosimetry (Por.Hg) and absolute permeability (let it pass). Correlation matrices for all available parameters were determined, significant correlations with the highest coefficient of linear correlation were selected as a subject of this work. Significant linear relationships were observed between the parameters determined from the analysis of CT images and other research methods. Models that were obtained allowed to estimate the permeability, porosity, and irreducible water content based on geometrical parameters obtained from tomographic images (shape factor, Euler characteristic or specific surface area). The important result of this work is the possibility to estimate petrophysical parameters based on the results of the non-destructive CT method only. In the case of tomographic imaging of whole cores, the obtained results allow for a preliminary estimation of the porosity and volume density distribution in the entire core, which may be helpful in selecting representative samples of core for detailed laboratory tests.

12

Efects of high-temperature thermal treatment on the porosity of red sandstone: an NMR analysis

Zhang He, Sun Qiang, Jia Hailiang, Dong Zhihao, Luo Tao

Acta Geophysica

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2021

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Vol. 69, no. 1

113--124

EN

High temperatures afect the physical properties of red sandstone seriously, especially the pores. Understanding its mechanism is of great signifcance in coal mining following underground gasifcation, geothermal energy utilization, and the deep burial of nuclear waste. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to detect pore structure characteristics, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarizing light microscopy (PLM) were used to mechanism of change. The transverse relaxation time (T2) and signal strengths of red sandstone treated at various temperatures were observed by NMR, and then, the pore situation can be obtained, and fnally, the infuence of temperature on the pore structure of red sandstone can be obtained. Microscopic photographs of the pores of red sandstone were obtained by SEM and PLM to assist in explaining the process of microstructural change, especially the infuences of temperature on pore characteristics and grain morphology and distribution. The researches indicate that after the heat treatment of red sandstone at 25–1300 °C, the pore and strength characteristics change in well-defned stages. Before 500 °C, the pore diameters and distribution range increase, but the porosity and internal grain structure do not change signifcantly. At 500–1000 °C, red sandstone micropores contract, mesopores and macropores develop, and strength decreases. After 1000 °C, the grains that comprise sandstone melt and fll many of the pores, decreasing porosity. The proportion of micropores decreases, while mesopores and macropores increase. In addition, a large number of bubbly holes appear in and on the sandstone, presumably caused by gases such as CO2, and water vapor from dehydrating grains. The changes in pore and cementation states with temperature are the main factors afecting the tensile strength of red sandstone.

13

Biotypowanie mikroorganizmów za pomocą spektrometrii mas oraz spektroskopii NMR

Mielko Karolina Anna, Młynarz Piotr

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2020

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[Z] 74, 1-2

57--70

EN

Typing microorganisms is a very important element of laboratory diagnostics. Appropriate recognition of the pathogen and determination of its sensitivity to the drugs used is necessary to start treatment. There are many types of microbial typing. The most popular division is genotypic and phenotypic typing (among which biotyping, antibiotic resistance analysis, and protein profile analysis are the most common) or phagotyping) [1, 2]. Recently, there has been a very rapid development of mass spectrometry techniques as a method for identifying microorganisms [3]. Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) are methods that allow the comparison of metabolomic profiles of microorganisms. These are also methods commonly used in metabolomics. Metabolomics is a field of science dealing with the analysis of low-mass compounds characteristic of the studied material [4]. Therefore, the use of metabolomics in microbiology allows to identify and discriminate of microorganisms [5]. Recently, the analyzes also apply to metabolites. Many studies focus on the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that allow the analysis of samples directly from the patient without the need for isolation of a single microorganism [6, 7]. Recent studies show many possibilities for the use of NMR spectroscopy. The results of the analysis show that it is also a method that allows the identification and differentiation of strains of microorganisms. Thanks to this method it is also possible to determine the origin of the strain or to indicate its resistance to antibiotics. [10, 11]. Improvement of research algorithms used in metabolomics for biotyping microorganisms may in the future allow for the creation of a fast, accurate and cheap way to identify microorganisms. Proteomic tests using the MS method are very popular, in which protein profiles of strains are analyzed and compared. These studies are mainly conducted using MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry. This technique is now quite widely used in microbiological diagnostics [10]. The research confirms the high discrimination power of this method [11].

14

Pomiary czasów relaksacji podłużnej i poprzecznej wybranych cieczy z wykorzystaniem skanera EFNMR

Trybus Mariusz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2020

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R. 96, nr 10

115--118

PL

Rezonans magnetyczny (NMR) jest nieinwazyjną i jedną z najbardziej dokładnych technik obrazowania we współczesnej medycynie. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiamy wyniki badań czasu relaksacji podłużnej i poprzecznej wybranych cieczy, uzyskane z wykorzystaniem stanowiska naukowo dydaktycznego EFNMR, wykorzystującego ziemskie pole magnetyczne i jego jednorodność do obrazowania, spektroskopii i pomiarów z wykorzystaniem NMR.

EN

Nucleart magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most non-invasive and most accurate imaging techniques in modern medicine. In this paper we present the results of measurements of longitudinal and transverse relaxation of selected liquids, obtained using the EFNMR scanner, using the Earth's magnetic field and its homogeneity for imaging, spectroscopy and NMR measurements.

15

Growth and characterization of 4-(((4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid with Ce3+: for semiorganic nonlinear optical application

Vinoth E., Vetrivel S., Gopinath S., Aruljothi R., Suresh T., Mullai R. U.

Materials Science Poland

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2020

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Vol. 38, No. 4

584--593

EN

This work aims at the growth and characterization of novel semi-organometallic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal 4-(((4- aminophenyl) sulfonyl) oxy)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid (ASODA) with ammonium ceric (II) sulfate dehydrate (ACS). The crystal 4-(((4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl) oxy)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid with Ce3+ (STA) was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique using deionized water as a solvent. Crystalline system of the grown STA crystal was identified by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study and confirmed as monoclinic crystalline system with non-centrosymmetric space group P21/C. The powder X-ray diffraction study confirmed the purity and crystallinity of the crystal. The presence of functional groups and hydrogen bonds (–O–H–O–) was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectra showed that the grown crystal had a low cutoff wavelength at 219 nm. The position of protons and carbons were determined by structural studies based on NMR technique. The grown crystal was thermally stable up to 130 °C and its melting point was 163 °C. The SHG studies were performed by Quanta Ray Model laser source using Kurtz powder technique. The NLO efficiency of the STA crystal was 0.5 times greater than that of standard KDP. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the grown crystal were studied at different temperatures. The surface morphology and the particle size of the crystal were determined by FE-SEM technique. From the mechanical studies, it was found that the grown crystal is a soft material.

16

Właściwości fizykochemiczne i funkcjonalne biokompozytów polimerowych

Wiśniewska-Wrona Maria, El Fray Mirosława

Polimery

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2019

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T. 64, nr 1

23--33

PL

Otrzymano błony biokompozytowe wytworzone na bazie chitozanu (Chit) i alginianu sodu (Alg) z udziałem substancji leczniczych o działaniu przeciwzapalnym (siarczan cynku) i przeciwbakteryjnym (sulfanilamid). Metodami spektrofotometrii w podczerwieni (FT-IR), magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego (NMR) oraz różnicowej kalorymetrii skaningowej (DSC) oceniono wpływ zawartości chitozanu i alginianu na budowę chemiczną i temperaturę przemian fazowych biokompozytów. Analiza termiczna wykazała, że dodatek substancji leczniczych do materiałów biokompozytowych wpływa zarówno na obniżenie ich temperatury topnienia, jak i na zmniejszenie entalpii związanej z tą przemianą.

EN

Biocomposite films based on chitosan (Chit) and sodium alginate (Alg) and containing anti-inflammatory (zinc sulfate) and antimicrobial (sulfanilamide) pharmaceutical ingredients were prepared. The effects of variable chitosan and alginate contents on the chemical structure and phase transition temperatures of biocomposites were studied using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal analysis showed that the addition of pharmaceuticals decreased the melting temperature and melting enthalpy of polymer biocomposites.

17

Determining irreducible water saturation based on well log data and laboratory measurements

Lis-Śledziona Anita, Stadtmüller Marek

Nafta-Gaz

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2019

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R. 75, nr 5

239--246

EN

Unconventional resources, explored recently in Poland, require alternative methods of interpretation as the methods used in the conventional reservoir characterization often lead to misleading solutions that differ from the results of field tests and laboratory analyses. This paper presents novel methods of estimating irreducible water saturation in the tight gas sandstones based on the well log data and the results of laboratory analyses, including the NMR results. The first stage of the interpretation included calculating the quartz and shale volume, and calibrating the results with the laboratory measurements (XRD). Respectively, porosity and permeability were calculated and the pore-size distribution was evaluated. Based on porosimetry measurements, there were two porosities determined with pore-sizes below 1 m and above 1 m. Based on the relationships between laboratory NMR results and parameters calculated using well log data, capillary water content and mobile water saturation was estimated. The final stage of the analysis involved the calculation of irreducible water content by the following methods: evaluating the NMR data, using the Hong model lv (Hong et al., 2017), and calculating irreducible water saturation according to Zawisza’s formula, and assuming that irreducible water saturation is related to pore space with pore-diameter below m. Irreducible water saturation identified with critical water saturation is an important parameter which should be taken into account when determining the water saturation. When the Montaron model is used, the critical water saturation values, Sc, are crucial for the correctly calculating the Water Connectivity Index (WCI). The aim of this paper was to assess the suitability of using the results of NMR measurements performed in the tight gas formations in determining irreducible water saturation. The recognition of pore diameters enables to determine the pore space occupied by free hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons stored in “tight”, micro-pore space, the exploitation of which will require the fracturing process.

PL

Prowadzone obecnie w Polsce poszukiwania w skałach o charakterze niekonwencjonalnym wymagają zastosowania alternatywnych metod interpretacyjnych, gdyż metody wykorzystywane w interpretacji złóż konwencjonalnych często prowadzą do rozwiązań sprzecznych z wynikami testów złożowych i analiz laboratoryjnych. W pracy przeanalizowano zawartość wody nieredukowalnej w piaskowcach typu tight, opierając się na profilowaniach geofizyki wiertniczej oraz wynikach analiz laboratoryjnych z uwzględnieniem wyników pomiarów NMR. Pierwszy etap pracy obejmował rozpoznanie składu litologicznego i skalibrowanie objętościowej zawartości kwarcu i minerałów ilastych z wynikami badań XRD. Kolejno wyznaczono przepuszczalność i porowatość badanej formacji oraz oszacowano rozkład wielkości porów budujących przestrzeń porową. Korzystając w wyników pomiarów porozymetrycznych, obliczono także porowatość dla porów o średnicach poniżej i powyżej 1 m. Opierając się na zależnościach pomiędzy wynikami pomiarów NMR oraz parametrami oznaczonymi na podstawie danych geofizyki wiertniczej, oszacowano zawartości poszczególnych rodzajów wód: związanej kapilarnej oraz wolnej. Finalnym etapem analizy było obliczanie zawartości wody nieredukowalnej różnymi metodami: na podstawie badań NMR, korzystając ze wzoru Honga lv (Hong et al., 2017) oraz przyjmując jako zawartość wody nieredukowalnej wartości obliczone wg wzoru Zawiszy. Woda nieredukowalna, utożsamiana z krytycznym nasyceniem wodą, jest ważnym parametrem, którego wartości należy znać i uwzględniać podczas oznaczania współczynnika nasycenia wodą. W przypadku stosowania modelu Montarona w szacowaniu współczynnika nasycenia wodą wartości krytycznego nasycenia wodą Sc są kluczowe dla poprawnego wyznaczenia WCI (water connectivity index) – współczynnika ciągłości przepływu. Celem pracy była ocena przydatności i możliwości wykorzystania wyników pomiarów NMR wykonanych w formacjach typu tight w wyznaczaniu zawartości wody nieredukowalnej. Rozpoznanie wielkości średnic porów pozwala wydzielić potencjalną przestrzeń akumulacji węglowodorów wolnych w złożach konwencjonalnych oraz węglowodorów w formacjach typu tight, których eksploatacja wymagać będzie procesu szczelinowania.

18

Application of surfactant-modified montmorillonite in nitrophenol removal by adsorption

Baysal Gülay

Environment Protection Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 45, nr 2

19--33

EN

Quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) such as 1-methyl-di-nonyl-1 phenyl ammonium iodide (QAS1) and 1-methyl-di-dodecyl-1 phenyl ammonium iodide (QAS2) were newly synthesized by complete alkylation reaction for modification of sodium montmorillonite (Mt). The sodium montmorillonite was modified via an ion-exchange reaction with QAS1 and QAS2, and two organoclays, Mt1 and Mt2, have been obtained. The synthesized quaternary ammonium salts were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The organoclays (Mt1 and Mt2) were characterized by a range of methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacities of the synthesized organo-montmorillonites for the hydrophobic organic pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) have been evaluated. The distances between the organoclay layers showed a much better opening than that reported in the literature. The results show that the adsorption capacity increased in the order Mt2 > Mt1. The adsorption capacities of Mt1 and Mt2 for 4-NP were 77% and 81%, respectively.

19

Composition of leaf and flower essential oil of Myrica gale L.

Wawrzyńczak Karolina, Jakiel Alicja, Kalemba Danuta

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2019

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Vol. 83, nr 1

87--96

EN

Myrica gale L. leaves were collected from two plantations in Poland and flowers from one plantation. Essential oil yield and composition were assessed according to plantation site and leaf development stage. Main components of essential oils were: 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, limonene, selina-3(7)-diene, and (E)-nerolidol. It is proven that senescent leaves are valuable source of essential oil.

20

Synthesis and characterization of high-molar-mass star-shaped poly(l-lactide)s

Michalski A., Łapienis G.

Polimery

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2018

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T. 63, nr 7-8

488--494

EN

The synthesis of high-molar-mass linear and 6-arm star-shaped poly(l-lactide)s(PLLA’s) is presented. Dipentaerythritol and benzyl alcohol were used asinitiators and Sn(Oct)2 was applied asa catalyst in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide (l-LA) carried out at 130 °C. The prepared PLLA’s were characterized by SEC (size exclusion chromatography), 1H NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). The structure of the obtained star-shaped polymers was confirmed by comparison of the radii of gyration (Rg) determined by SEC for the linear and star macromolecules. The thermal properties of PLLA’s were shown for the wide range of molar masses. Additionally, it was confirmed that Irganox stabilizer has an influence on the thermal stability of PLLA’s.

PL

Przedstawiono syntezę liniowych i 6-ramiennych gwiaździstych poli(l-laktydów)(PLLA) o dużych masach molowych. Polimeryzację z otwarciem pierścienia (ROP) l-laktydu(l-LA) inicjowaną dipentaerytrytem oraz alkoholem benzylowym prowadzono w temperaturze130 °C wobec Sn(Oct)2 jako katalizatora. Otrzymane PLLA scharakteryzowano za pomocą SEC (chromatografia żelowa), 1HNMR (spektroskopia magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego), DSC (różnicowa kalorymetria skaningowa) i TGA (analiza termograwimetryczna). Strukturę otrzymanych polimerów gwiaździstych potwierdzono przez porównanie wyznaczonych w SEC promieni bezwładności (Rg) dla gwiaździstych iliniowych makrocząsteczek. Właściwości termiczne PLLA przedstawiono dla szerokiego zakresu mas molowych. Dodatkowo potwierdzono, że stabilizator Irganox ma wpływ na stabilność termiczną PLLA.