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Formability Studies on Magnesium Based AZ31B Alloy Sheet in LS Dyna Program Code

Viswanadhapalli Balaji, Bupesh Raja V. K., Chaitanya Krishna, Kannan Sathish

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2025

Vol. 70, iss. 1

183--192

Magnesium alloys has potential applications in aerospace and automotive industries as they are having good formability. Material properties like yield strength, ductility, have direct influence on material’s formability and product quality. At high temperature applications like aeroengine and steam engine, finding these properties are very crucial. For this purpose, uni-axial tension tests are performed at high temperatures on AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet to evaluate material formability properties. Finite element-based simulations have also been carried in LS Dyna program code. The output of the simulation is to find effective stresses and effective plastic strains. For this purpose, Tresca and Von Mises yielding conditions are utilized. These stresses are crucial in predicting and evaluating the forming limits of the material before necking. The results obtained from simulation code are consistent with experimental observations. An attempt has been made to predict formability by machine learning models. Random Forest shows the better model in predicting the formability. It has been concluded that the machine learning and Dyna code predictions has greatly minimises the physical experimentation.

The role of sand filler in enhancing the mechanical properties of polymethylmethacrylate composites

Wolny R., Wiczenbach T., Pachocki L., Wilde K., Rucka M.

Archives of Mechanics

2025

Vol. 77, nr 1

53--66

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in biomechanics and civil engineering for its properties. While various fillers have been studied to enhance mechanical properties of PMMA, the impact of sand as a filler has been less explored. This study investigates the effects of varying sand content on the mechanical properties and workability of PMMA-based resin composites, assessing their suitability for biomechanical applications. Specimen types with different sand contents (0%, 26%, 30%, and 52%) were examined through the cone spread test for workability, uniaxial tension tests for mechanical properties, and the finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate material behavior. Results were validated against numerical models to evaluate consistency. Adding sand significantly increased the Young modulus by 108%, 174%, and 286% for sand contents of 26%, 30%, and 52%, respectively, while decreasing the Poisson ratio. However, increased sand content reduced workability, highlighting a trade-off between mechanical strength and ease of handling. Numerical simulations, covering the sand volume ratio from 1% to 52% in 1% increments, showed that predictive accuracy varied: differences were up to 20%, for volume ratio up to 30%, while for contents above 30%, the discrepancies between model predictions and experimental data were below 5%. Incorporating sand into PMMA resin enhances its stiffness and suitability for biomechanical specimen testing. Sand-filled PMMA composites show promise for advanced engineering applications, though further optimization is needed to balance workability and mechanical strength.

Właściwości skóry ludzkiej uzyskane w testach mechanicznych i techniką spektroskopii Ramana

Szotek S., Będziński R., Kobielarz M., Gąsior-Głogowska M., Komorowska M., Maksymowicz K., Hanuza J., Hermanowicz K.

Engineering of Biomaterials

2009

Vol. 12, no. 89-91

207--209

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było porównanie charakterystyk otrzymanych: w testach wytrzymałościowych i z pomiarów spektroskopowych. W pracy wyznaczono podstawowe parametry mechaniczne skóry, które są zdeterminowane ułożeniem włókien kolagenowych. Następnie zarejestrowano widma ramanowskie badanej tkanki, zidentyfikowano pasma charakterystyczne dla białka kolagenowego. Na podstawie analizy uzyskanych wyników, dla kolejnych etapów rozciągnięcia skóry, zaobserwowano między innymi różnice w położeniu maksimum pasma amidu I (1658cm-1) w zależności od kierunku rozciągania próbki. Porównanie, w obu metodach charakterystycznych zakresów, zachodzących zmian wykazało możliwość stosowania Spektroskopii Ramana w celu wyznaczenia kierunku ułożenia włókien kolagenowych w trakcie rozciągania co jest istotne z punktu widzenia przeszczepów skóry.

The aim of the investigations was to compare the characteristics obtained from strength tests and spectroscopic measurements. The basic skin parameters dependent on the arrangement of collagen fibres were determined. Then Raman spectra of the investigated tissue were recorded and bands characteristic of collagen protein were identified. An analysis of the results for the successive stages of skin stretching showed, among other things, differences in the location of the amid I band maximum (1658cm-1) depending on the direction of specimen stretching. A comparison of the characteristic ranges of change determined by the two methods showed that Raman spectroscopy can be used to ascertain the orientation of collagen fibres in the course of stretching, which information is essential for skin transplantation.