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1

Assessment of biological hazards in the mining environment on the example of the preparatory works division

Mocek Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 225

469--499

EN

Purpose: The presented article is empirical in nature and deals with the proposal of biological risk assessment in the mining work environment in connection with the imposition by the Parliament of the European Union and the Polish Ministry of Health on employers of this assessment also in the face of unintentional biological factors accompanying business activities. Its purpose is to draw the attention of the management of coal mines in Poland to the biological hazards accompanying the technological processes associated with coal mining, which may have an impact on the deterioration of the health of mining crews, and the obligations that fall on the employer and occupational health and safety services in connection with the need to comply with the provisions of Article 207 of the Labour Code (Labour Code) and the changing European legislation (Directive of the Commission (EU): 2019/1833 of October 24, 2019 and 2020/739 of June 3, 2020) as implemented into the Polish regulatory framework (Regulation of the Minister of Health of December 11, 2020 - Dz.U. 2020 item 2234). Design/methodology/approach: The risk assessment of biological hazards accompanying the technological process in mining conditions in the preparatory works division of a coal mine was carried out based on the assumptions of the descriptive method of occupational risk assessment according to the guidelines of the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz (Kozajda, Miśkiewicz, 2022). To identify biological hazards in the mining work environment, a group of available research methods was used based on: interview, site visit combined with environmental and laboratory tests, and analysis of available literature on biological hazards. Findings: The study showed that there are many more biological hazards accompanying the coal mining process in the mining environment than the mine health and safety services had previously assumed. The increase in biohazards increases with the depth of mining and the deterioration of working climatic conditions. In the mining environment there are also biological factors classified as group 3 human hazard, which could not be detected by the procedures used by mines to identify biological hazards and quantitative methods of occupational risk assessment. It is therefore advisable to implement new solutions and research methods described in the article that allow to increase the safety of miners' work in terms of biological hazards. Research limitations/implications: Harmful factors present in the mining work environment that can affect the health of coal mine workers hard coal is a sensitive issue and one that is reluctantly raised by mine management, union organizations and the workers themselves. Miners hide their ailments for fear of losing their jobs and are reluctant to undergo diagnostic tests. Therefore, a condition of conducting environmental studies at the mine in question and compiling data for the purposes of the above article was to guarantee the complete anonymity of the subjects and the workplace. The obligation to protect the source of the data stems from Order No. 54/2022 of the Rector of the Silesian University of Technology dated March 1, 2022 on the introduction of the Book of the Educational Quality Assurance System (Legal Monitor of the Silesian University of Technology, 2022, item 154) and the cooperation agreements between the Silesian University of Technology and individual business entities. Practical implications: The descriptive method of risk assessment for biological hazards in the mining work environment presented in the article can be directly implied for practical use not only by the health and safety services of mines and mining plants, but also by the health and safety services of other business entities. Social implications: Biological agents found in the work environment are a growing social problem. Its effect is an increase in the number of workers exposed to biological agents also in branches of the national economy in which they have not previously been identified. This phenomenon raises the social costs associated with the loss of working capacity of an increasing number of workers diagnosed with occupational diseases of biological origin and the need to treat those infected. A proper procedure for identifying and assessing biological hazards in the work environment can reduce this phenomenon by indicating more effective prophylaxis against biological agents in workplaces. Originality/value: The article is directed to the management of coal mines and occupational health and safety services, to whom it points out the places of possible occurrence of biological hazards in the mining environment, as well as ways of assessing these hazards and directions for taking more effective preventive measures to reduce health risks for miners.

2

Awareness of hazards in a coal mine. The framework for a web portal

Biały Witold, Midor Katarzyna

Production Engineering Archives

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2025

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Vol. 31, Iss. 3

387--393

EN

In coal mining, there are harmful factors of the workplace that are especially aggressive in character. Miners working at the bottom of the mine are especially prone to harmful factors connected to the workplace. The paper presents a proposed solution that aims to reduce or eliminate hazards at workplaces in mines. The idea of proposed solution is to create a web portal www.bezpiecznakopalnia.pl based on triad: knowledge-awareness-culture. The implementation by the mine of a portal for the exchange of information on hazards obtained directly from “ordinary employees” will allow to reduce the number of employees struggling with occupational diseases. Moreover, it will contribute to more effective elimination of potential hazards in the working environment. The project may become profitable for the mine both in financial and image aspects. This is of great importance for the safety and comfort of the mine’s employees, and the fact that a safety culture will become an indispensable part of the mine organizational culture. In this article, there have been presented solutions that should minimize the risk of illnesses, including by increasing consciousness among mine employees, utilizing already existing forms of mass media.

3

Using the diesel engines in machines and vehicles in underground mine workings, especially in explosive atmospheres

Kaczmarczyk Krzysztof, Lesiak Krzysztof, Kurcz Stanisław

Mining Machines

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2025

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vol. 43

131--143

EN

Efficient transport of materials and personnel is crucial for an efficient operation of a mining plant. Transport powered by diesel engines is widely used in mines due to its mobility. This article outlines the requirements that diesel engines operating underground must meet. These requirements particularly impact the design of engines operating in mine workings with a potentially explosive atmosphere. Due to operation in confined spaces, the quality of the engine's exhaust gases is also crucial, and increasingly stringent requirements have been imposed over the years. This article discusses the design of a diesel engine intended for operation in potentially explosive atmospheres, in light of the current requirements. Commonly used methods for improving the exhaust gases quality in surface engines are discussed, as well as the technical challenges associated with adapting them to engines operating underground. An example engine introduced to the market by a leading mining machinery manufacturer is presented.

4

An In-Depth Study of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Slope Stability Assessment of Mining Sites

Long Quoc Nguyen, Canh Van Le, Dung Ba Nguyen, Minh Tuyet Dang

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 1, no. 2

567--580

EN

The stability of mine slopes is a critical aspect of open-pit mining operations, as slope failure can result in severe economic, environmental, and human losses. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of slope stability assessments. This study presents a comprehensive review and deep analysis of AI-based approaches applied to slope stability assessment in mining areas. This study presents the first comprehensive and indepth review focusing specifically on AI-based approaches applied to slope stability assessment in mining areas, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. An in-depth analysis was adopted, focusing on peerreviewed publications from 2010 to 2025, retrieved from databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The selected studies were categorized into two main groups based on the type of AI techniques used: machine learning models and deep learning and optimization algorithms. The study reveals that AI models, particularly hybrid and deep learning approaches, outperform traditional deterministic methods in predicting slope failures, especially when dealing with complex, nonlinear geotechnical data. The integration of geospatial technologies with AI further enhances real-time monitoring and decision-making capabilities. These findings provide valuable insights for mining engineers and researchers, supporting the development of intelligent, data-driven systems for safer and more sustainable slope management in mining operations.

5

Assessment of water quality and mercury contamination in Tabukan Selatan Tengah District: Impacts on marine life and human health

Tamalawe Vicya Praicylia Leonly, Rahardjo Djoko, Kisworo, Djumanto

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 3

120--131

EN

Illegal mining and mercury contamination in Indonesia pose significant challenges to communities and ecosystems, particularly impacting the region’s rich natural resources like gold. The research aims to measure mercury levels in water, sediment, and fish to understand the health risks for the local community. The methodology measured three stations’ water temperature, pH levels, and mercury concentrations. Gold mining activities are the primary source of mercury contamination in the coastal waters and fish of the Tabukan Selatan Tengah District. Mercury levels vary in water samples (0.005 to 0.138 mg/L), sediment samples (0.003 to 0.242 mg/kg), and fish samples (2 to 357μg/g). All samples surpass the water quality standard of 0.001 mg/L, except for sediment samples at points 2 and 3. Mercury concentrations in fish exceed the quality standard of 0.5 μg/g. The distance between sampling sites and gold mining waste disposal areas influences mercury accumulation. In the Tabukan Selatan Tengah District, people consume fish at an average rate of 0.00071918 kg daily. The RQ value in the district is categorized as unsafe for health at points 1 and 2 and safe at points 3 and 4. The study underscores the significant health risks of mercury exposure, especially for communities that consume contaminated fish.

6

Contamination, risk assessment and spatial distribution of harmful metals in soil near Stanari (B&H)

Malić Nenad, Ilić Predrag, Mrazovac Kurilić Sanja

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2025

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Vol. 32, nr 1

27--41

EN

Soil pollution arises as a consequence of human activities, such as agriculture, industrial projects, and mining. Toxic elements in the soil manifest in the form of liquid metals. These activities, particularly thermal power plants and mining, constitute the primary sources of soil pollution that surpass standard levels. Pollution of soil around coal mines and power plants occurs as a result of the emission of potentially harmful metals and other pollutants into the air, which then settle on the soil. Potentially harmful metals represent a very important group of environmental pollutants because they are potential metabolic inhibitors. The paper describes research focused on presenting and discussing data related to soil pollution by potentially harmful metals near the Stanari Mine and Thermal Power Plant in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ecological risk were assessed based on the concentrations of selected metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Co and Hg) in nine surface soil samples taken from the sites around the thermal power plant Stanari. The research expended through two-years period (2018 and 2020). Various statistical measures such as mode, median, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and Shapiro-Wilk test results have been provided for each element. Fe has the highest mean concentration (23195 mg/kg) followed by Mn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, and Hg. PCA analysis provides information on the relationship between metals and the two components, as well as the amount of variance in each variable that is not explained by these components.

7

Zatrudnienie firm usługowych w kopalniach węgla kamiennego w Polsce

Kielerz Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

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2024

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nr 112

115--125

PL

W górnictwie węgla kamiennego zadania są wykonywane pod ziemią i na powierzchni nie tylko przez pracowników kopalń węgla kamiennego, ale również przez pracowników firm usługowych. W niniejszym rozdziale zostało omówione średnie zatrudnienie (suma średniego zatrudnienia w poszczególnych miesiącach roku podzielona przez liczbę miesięcy), roboczodniówki (dzień pracy, składający się określonej liczby godzin, w czasie których pracownik wykonuje swoje obowiązki) i kategorie prac wykonywanych przez pracowników firm usługowych na terenie kopalni węgla kamiennego. W okresie 2009–2013 obserwujemy wzrost rok do roku przepracowanych roboczodniówek, a w kolejnych latach następuje systematyczny spadek rok do roku przepracowanych roboczodniówek przy utrzymaniu się średniego zatrudnienia pracowników firm usługowych na stałym poziomie. W 2013 roku odnotowano największą liczbę przepracowanych średnio kwartalnie w roku roboczodniówek. Wyniosła ona 1 647 719 roboczodniówek ogółem oraz 1 449 504 roboczodniówek przepracowanych w dniach poniedziałek-piątek. Liczba przepracowanych roboczodniówek przy utrzymaniu się średniego zatrudnienia pracowników firm usługowych utrzymała się na stałym poziomie w latach 2015–2016, natomiast w 2017 roku nastąpił spadek liczby pracowników firm usługowych, a następnie w okresie 2017–2019 utrzymał się na zbliżonym poziomie. W latach 2020–2022 następuje coroczny spadek liczby przepracowanych roboczodniówek porównując rok do roku oraz w odniesieniu do 2019 roku. W 2023 roku widzimy wzrost średniego zatrudnienia o 12% oraz liczby przepracowanych roboczodniówek ogółem o 9% w odniesieniu do 2022 roku. Od 2015 roku występuje zauważalny spadek średniej liczby firm usługowych wykonujących prace w kopalniach. W konsekwencji następował również systematyczny spadek średniego zatrudnienia pracowników firm usługowych, w okresie 2017–2019 nastąpiła stabilizacja na średnio tym samym poziomie, od 2020 roku widoczny jest spadek rok do roku do 385 firm usługowych średnio w I półroczu 2023 roku.

EN

In hard coal mining, tasks are performed underground and on the surface not only by employees of hard coal mines, but also by employees of service companies. This chapter discusses the average employment (he sum of average employment in individual months of the year divided by the number of months), working days (working day, consisting of a specific number of hours during which the employee performs his duties) and categories of work performed by employees of service companies in a hard coal mine. In the period 2009–2013, we observe a year-on-year increase in the number of working days worked, and in the following years there is a systematic year-on-year decrease in the number of working days worked, while the average employment of employees of service companies remains at a constant level. In 2013, the highest number of working days worked on average quarterly during the year was recorded. It amounted to 1,647,719 total workdays and 1,449,504 work-days worked on Monday-Friday. The number of working days worked while maintaining the average employment of employees of service companies remained at a constant level in 2015–2016, while in 2017 there was a decrease in the number of employees of service companies, and then in the period 2017–2019 it remained at a similar level. In the years 2020–2022, there is an annual decrease in the number of working days worked, comparing year to year and in relation to 2019. In 2023, we see an increase in average employment by 12% and the number of total work days worked by 9% compared to 2022. Since 2015, there has been a noticeable decline in the average number of service companies performing work in mines. As a consequence, there was also a systematic decline in the average employment of employees of service companies, in the period 2017–2019 there was stabilization at the same level on average, from 2020 there was a visible year-on-year decline to 385 service companies on average in the first half of 2023.

8

Rola mecenatu Kopalni Soli „Wieliczka” w kultywowaniu górniczych tradycji i promocji dziedzictwa (na przykładzie twórczości muzycznej i rzeźbiarskiej)

Wolańska Agnieszka

Przegląd Solny

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2024

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T. 18

91--118

PL

Artykuł porusza kwestie zagadnień związanych z dzia łalnością artystyczną wielickich górników. Autorka podjęła próbę sformułowania odpowiedzi na pytanie: jak opieka orga nizacyjna, finansowa i twórcza wpłynęła na poziom obecnie prezentowanego rzeźbiarstwa solnego i koncertów orkiestry górniczej? Mecenat jakim zarząd kopalni obejmował arty styczne aspekty działalności górników przyczynił się do roz woju muzycznych przedsięwzięć Reprezentacyjnej Orkiestry Dętej Kopalni Soli „Wieliczka” oraz do zrealizowania wielu projektów rzeźbiarskich. Pielęgnowanie i ochrona tradycji rzeźbiarskich i muzycznych wpisane są w misję wielickiej kopalni, która wiąże się z zachowaniem i udostępnianiem dziedzictwa kulturowego.

EN

This article addresses the artistic activities of the Wielic zka miners. The author attempts to answer the question: how have organizational, financial, and creative support influenced the quality of the currently presented salt sculptures and con certs by the miners’ band? The patronage provided by the mine’s management for the artistic aspects of the miners’ ac tivities has contributed to the development of the Wieliczka Salt Mine’s Representative Brass Band and the creation of numerous sculptural projects. Nurturing and preserving the sculptural and musical traditions are integral to the mission of the Wieliczka Salt Mine, which is focused on safeguarding and making its cultural heritage accessible.

9

Pomiar poziomu w kopalni melafiru z wykorzystaniem kompaktowych sond radarowych VEGA

Gutowska Patrycja

Kruszywa : produkcja - transport - zastosowanie

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2024

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Nr 2-3

28--30

PL

Melafir, znany również jako bazalt, znajduje zastosowanie m.in. w produkcji materiałów budowlanych, kruszyw betonowych i drogowych. Kopalnia Melafiru Tłumaczów zlokalizowana na Dolnym Śląsku zajmuje się nie tylko wydobyciem, ale także wstępnym przetwarzaniem i transportem tego kruszywa. W celu monitorowania poziomu i płynnego przebiegu poszczególnych etapów procesu zastosowano technologię pomiarową VEGA.

10

Rewitalizacja terenów pokopalnianych w Zagłębiu Dąbrowskim. Studium przemian

Dylong Karolina

Builder

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2024

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R.28, nr 10

2--5

PL

Analiza rewitalizacji terenów poprzemysłowych w Zagłębiu Dąbrowskim obejmowała trzy lokalizacje: kopalnię „Saturn”, „Maczki-Bór” i „Grodziec”. Badanie skoncentrowało się na zmianach krajobrazowych oraz ocenach działań rewitalizacyjnych i rekultywacyjnych. Kopalnia „Saturn”, zamknięta w 1997 roku, została przekształcona w przestrzeń kulturalną i turystyczną, co poprawiło sytuację społeczno-ekonomiczną regionu. Kopalnia „Maczki-Bór” skoncentrowała się na rekultywacji terenów i ich przekształceniu w przestrzeń przemysłowo-usługową, co pozytywnie wpłynęło na lokalną gospodarkę. Natomiast kopalnia „Grodziec” pozostaje zaniedbana, z brakiem działań rewitalizacyjnych, co prowadzi do dalszej degradacji i problemów estetycznych oraz bezpieczeństwa. Wnioski wskazują, że skuteczna rewitalizacja wymaga odpowiedniego zarządzania, inwestycji oraz zaangażowania lokalnych społeczności. Przekształcenie terenów poprzemysłowych w atrakcyjne przestrzenie publiczne wspiera rozwój regionalny, poprawia jakość życia mieszkańców i wpływa pozytywnie na lokalną gospodarkę.

EN

Revitalization of post-mining areas in the Dąbrowa Basin: A study of transformations. The analysis of the revitalization of post-industrial sites in the Dąbrowa Basin focused on the Saturn mine, Maczki-Bór, and Grodziec. The 'Saturn' mine has been transformed into a cultural and tourist space, improving the region's socio-economic situation. The 'Maczki-Bór' mine's land reclamation and conversion into an industrial and service space have positively impacted the local economy. In contrast, the neglected 'Grodziec' mine has led to further degradation and safety problems due to the lack of revitalization activities. Successful revitalization requires appropriate management, investment, and involvement of local communities. Transforming brownfield sites into attractive public spaces supports regional development, improves the inhabitants' quality of life, and positively impacts the local economy.

11

Kopalnia jako zakład przyszłości

Fross Klaudiusz, Stawowiak Michał, Groń Krzysztof, Fross Roxana, Ptaszny Jakub

Builder

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2024

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R.28, nr 3

6--10

PL

Przemysł ciężki (kopalnie, huty, koksownie, zakłady produkcji stali) jest niezbędny dla rozwoju kraju oraz jego stabilności i niezależności ekonomicznej. Na Górnym Śląsku, historycznym regionie przemysłowym o odpowiednim potencjale ludzkim, historycznie ugruntowanej kulturze pracy, lokacji znaczących uniwersytetów technicznych, odpowiedniej infrastrukturze oraz złożach węgla, należy lokować nowoczesny przemysł ciężki. Z badań wynika, że możliwe jest budowanie zakładów nowoczesnego przemysłu ciężkiego. Będą one charakteryzować się: znaczącym ograniczeniem emisji zanieczyszczeń lub bezemisyjnością, wysoką efektywnością funkcjonalną i logistyczną, zastosowaniem zasad ergonomii i ekologii, odnawialnych źródeł energii, wysokim komfortem pracy, wysoką jakością architektury itp. Takie zakłady powinny powstawać w najbliższej przyszłości. Model urbanistyczny i funkcjonalno-przestrzenny kopalni przyszłości znacząco różni się od modelu tradycyjnego. Nowoczesny zakład ma przede wszystkim zwarty układ przestrzenny brył, wiele nowych funkcji, odpowiednie strefowanie, podporządkowanie efektywności komunikacyjnej i logistyce całego cyklu produkcji. Przemiany tradycyjnego przemysłu na nowoczesny są kluczowe dla przyszłych pokoleń, dla przyszłości regionu Górnego Śląska oraz ochrony środowiska.

EN

Heavy industry (mines, steel mills, coking plants, steel plants) is essential for the development of the country and its economic stability and independence. Modern heavy industry should be located in Upper Silesia, a historic industrial region with adequate human potential, a historically established work culture, the location of significant technical universities, adequate infrastructure, and coal deposits. Studies show that it is possible to build plants for modern heavy industry. They will be characterized by: significant emission reduction or emission-free, high functional and logistic efficiency, application of ergonomic and ecological principles, renewable energy sources, high working comfort, high quality architecture, etc. Such plants should be built in the near future. The urban and functional-spatial model of the mine of the future is significantly different from the traditional model. The modern plant has, first of all, a compact spatial layout of solids, many new functions, appropriate zoning, subordination of communication efficiency and logistics of the entire production cycle. The transformation of traditional industry to modern industry is crucial for future generations, for the future of the Upper Silesian region and for environmental protection.

12

Environmental impact of noise from mining operations

Mocek Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2023

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nr 73 (145)

15--28

EN

The article presents the results of measurements of environmental noise caused by devices operating in the surface facilities of hard coal mines and by the technological processes related to the loading and transport of spoil and materials necessary for production. The research results are part of the program “Consequences of excessive noise in the mining environment of hard coal mines”, the overarching goal of which is to reduce the emission of industrial noise. A sampling method was used to determine the actual values of noise levels emitted to the external environment from mines and mining plants as well as to identify the acoustic power levels of devices and processes constituting the main sources of noise in mines. The results showed that mines and mining plants are often not fully aware of the scale of the environmental impact of the undesirable noise they emit. Therefore, the current periodic measurements of environmental noise should be replaced with permanent monitoring, which will be beneficial not only for the environment and residents of housing estates located near mines but also for the mining plants themselves.

13

Potential to transform decommissioned mines into pumped-storage power plants

Bałazińska Maria

Rynek Energii

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2023

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Nr 2

67--74

EN

Progressing climate change is prompting next countries to direct their energy policy towards the renewable sources of energy. The renewable sources are characterized by instability, manifested by fluctuations of energy in the system. This situation may cause blackouts, which can be costly for the economy. To stabilize the power system, it is necessary to invest in high-quality energy storage, as exemplified by the pumped-storage power plants. At the same time in most regions of the world are located mines, among which a significant part make the plants already after a period of operation. For these plants are sought useful forms of activity, allowing to use their remaining potential. In the paper it is proposed the use the post-mining excavations as water reservoirs for the pumped-storage power plants. Literature studies were carried out in the scope of work in the said area. Then, it was estimated the energy potential of the pumped-storage power plants, located at the selected mines. The results obtained were discussed and related to the energy situation in the regions.

PL

Postępujące zmiany klimatyczne skłaniają kolejne kraje do ukierunkowania ojej polityki energetycznej na odnawialne źródła energii. Źródła odnawialne charakteryzują ię niestabi Ino · cią objawiającą się wahaniami energii w systemie. Taka sytuacja może prowadzić do przerw w do ta ie prądu, co bywa kosztowne dla gospodarki. Aby zapewnić stabilność systemu elektroenergetycznego, konieczne jest inwestowanie w wysokiej jakości magazyny energii, czego przykładem są elektrownie zczytowo-pompowe. Jednocześnie w większości regionów świata zlokalizowane są kopalnie, wśród których znaczną część stanowią zakłady już po okresie eksploatacji. Dla tych zakładów poszukuje się użytecznych form zagospodarowania, pozwalających wykorzystać ich pozostały potencjał. W artykule zaproponowano wykorzystanie wyrobisk poeksploatacyjnych jako zbiorników wodnych dla elektrowni szczytowo-pompowych. Przeprowadzone zostały studia literaturowe we wspomnianyrn z.akresie tematycznym. Następnie oszacowano potencjał energetyczny elektrowni szczytowo-pompowych, zlokalizowanych przy wybranych kopalniach. Uzyskane wyniki zostały omówione i odniesione do sytuacji energetycznej w regionach.

14

Interpretacja pomiarów wykonywanych w piezometrach sieci monitoringowej zakładu górniczego w celu określania parametrów filtracyjnych poziomu wodonośnego na podstawie danych z okresu odwadniania szybu R-XI KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.

Pikuła Maciej, Becker Roman

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 10

503--512

EN

The article describes an attempt to analyse measurement data from a groundwater observation network of KGHM Polska Miedź S.A., from the period of dewatering of the R-XI shaft. The shaft was dewatered as a result of inflow of waters from the middle and lower Buntsandstein aquifer. A scheme was adopted in which the dewatered shaft is a pumping well and piezometers of the monitoring network are observation wells. The described data were interpreted using calculation methods provided for pumping test and tests based on rapid changes of borehole pressure, in the Aquifer Test Pro v10.1 software. The dewatering of the R-XI shaft in this case was carried out over a period of more than 16months, with an average flow rate of 115.6m3/h; the water table recovery after the dewatering took more than 43 months. The observation wells from which themeasurementdatawereinterpretedare0.1, 1.8 and 3.4 km away from the R-XI shaft.

15

Wybrane problemy rekultywacji kamieniołomów

Naworyta Wojciech

Kruszywa : produkcja - transport - zastosowanie

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2023

|

Nr 2

58--65

PL

W artykule omówiono kwestie związane z kierunkami rekultywacji kamieniołomów, a także przedstawiono zakres prac koniecznych do wykonania w ramach likwidacji kopalni.

EN

The article discusses issues related to the directions of quarry reclamation, as well as the scope of works necessary to be performed as part of mine decommissioning.

16

Identification and Correlation Test of Mercury Levels in Community Urine at Traditional Gold Processing Locations

Lensoni, Adlim M., Kamil Hajjul, Karma Taufiq, Suhendrayatna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

357--365

EN

Gold processing activities in Paya Seumantok Village, Krueng Sabee District, Aceh Jaya Regency, are known to utilize traditional mercury, posing a health threat to the workers and the local community. This study aims to identify local people’s urinary mercury levels near the gold processing plant in Paya Seumantok Village and to see the relationship between mercury levels and disease symptoms exhibited by the local people. To this end, ninety-one participants were recruited from a total member of a population of 928 people, determined using Slovin’s formula. The urine sample was collected using a purposive sampling technique following the procedure set by the regulation of the Minister of Health no. 43/2013. AAS Instrument was used to analyze the urinary mercury level. Sixteen out of 91 urine samples exhibited no mercury, while the rest, 75 samples, were found to contain mercury. The average urinary mercury level among local people near the site was 8.392 μg/L (SD: 6.721 g/L), while the minimum and maximum urinary mercury levels in this study were 0.19 μg/L and. 28.31 μg/L, respectively. Thirty-six samples were found to have mercury levels exceeding the acceptable threshold (7 μg/L), while thirty-nine samples had urinary mercury levels below the threshold. This study concluded that there is no relationship between urinary mercury levels and symptoms of acute and chronic diseases experienced local community and workers at the gold processing site in Paya Seumantok Village, Krueng Sabee District, Aceh Jaya Regency (p > 0.05).

17

Substantiating the Patterns of Geomechanical Factors Influence on the Shear Parameters of the Coal-Overlaying Formation Requiring Degassing at High Advance Rates of Stoping Faces in the Western Donbas

Bondarenko Volodymyr, Salieiev Ildar, Symanovych Hennadii, Kovalevska Iryna, Shyshov Maksym

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 1

23--32

EN

The issues of developing ideas about the mechanism of coal mining from gas fields and two components of providing the country with energy carriers are studied: coal mining and methane utilization from coal-bearing stratum. These issues are inextricably linked with the mining of deposits with high-velocity longwall faces. The actual problem of resolving the above contradictions is studied. The patterns of the geomechanical factors influence based on the finite element method (FEM) modeling of the coal-overlaying formation shear parameters are studied from the point of view of substantiating the location schemes for the site outgassing wells at high advance rates of stoping faces in the Western Donbas. The obtained results of computational experiments are compared with the corresponding studies of specialists. The conclusions about the degree of geomechanical factors influence and the need to take them into account are substantiated. Three calculation models have been developed and substantiated in terms of the shape and size of the calculation zone, the rock mass texture, the mechanical properties of its lithotype, the loading conditions at the model boundaries, the characteristics of the link between stresses and deformations in the model elements, and the criteria for determining the limiting state. The significant influence of the longwall face location depth and the mass texture on the shear parameters of the coal-overlaying formation has been proved. Based on the data of computational experiments, the corresponding dependences and regression equations have been obtained. The conducted research makes it possible to choose appropriate location schemes for outgassing wells.

PL

W artykule rozważane są zagadnienia opracowania koncepcji mechanizmu wydobywania węgla ze złóż gazowych oraz dwóch składowych zaopatrzenia kraju w nośniki energii: wydobycie węgla i zagospodarowanie metanu z warstwy węglonośnej. Zagadnienia te są nierozerwalnie związane z eksploatacją złóż przodkami ścianowymi o dużych postępach. Badany jest rzeczywisty problem rozwiązania powyższych sprzeczności. Wzory wpływu czynników geomechanicznych na podstawie modelowania metodą elementów skończonych (MES) parametrów ścinania formacji nadkładkowych badane są pod kątem uzasadnienia schematów lokalizacyjnych dla otworów odgazowujących miejsca przy dużych prędkościach postępu przodków w Zachodnim Donbasie. Uzyskane wyniki eksperymentów obliczeniowych są porównywane z badaniami prowadzonymi przez specjalistów. Wnioski dotyczące stopnia oddziaływania czynników geomechanicznych i konieczności ich uwzględnienia są uzasadnione. Opracowano i uzasadniono trzy modele obliczeniowe pod względem kształtu i wielkości strefy obliczeniowej, tekstury górotworu, właściwości mechanicznych jego litotypu, warunków obciążenia na granicach modelu, charakterystyki związku naprężeń i odkształceń w elementy modelu oraz kryteria wyznaczania stanu granicznego. Wykazano istotny wpływ głębokości zalegania przodka oraz tekstury masy na parametry ścinania formacji nadkładu. Na podstawie danych z eksperymentów obliczeniowych otrzymano odpowiednie zależności i równania regresji. Przeprowadzone badania pozwalają na wybór odpowiednich schematów lokalizacji otworów odgazowujących.

18

Substantiating and Assessing the Stability of the Underground System Parameters for the Sawn Limestone Mining: Case Study of the Nova Odesa Deposit, Ukraine

Petlovanyi Mykhailo, Saik Pavlo, Lozynskyi Vasyl, Sai Kateryna, Cherniaiev Oleksii

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 1

79--89

EN

Due to the russian federation aggression against Ukraine, the infrastructure of many settlements has undergone significant destruction, so in the post-war period, limestone can become a reliable and useful resource for its reconstruction. A significant number of limestone deposits in southern Ukraine are suitable for the production of wall (block) stone, but the geotechnical conditions of many mining sites require the use of an underground mining method. To study the mining system parameters of the Nova Odesa sawn limestone deposit, analytical and calculation methods are used based on known and proven hypotheses of stable spans and pillars, as well as verification by numerical modeling based on the finite element method in the SolidWorks software package. It has been determined that with a change in the ceiling thickness by 50% (from 0.8 to 1.2 m), the safe width of the chamber in the absence tensile stresses in the sawn limestone roof, under given mining-geological and mining-technical conditions of mining operations, increases by 22%. It has been revealed that the area of 25.0 m2 corresponds to the required safety factor of the square-shaped supporting pillar. It has been shown by numerical modeling that under the conditions of the Nova Odesa deposit, the load on a 5×5 m supporting pillar will reach 26% of its load-bearing capacity, and the extraction chamber ceiling is in a stable state without the formation of tensile stresses. The research results are useful for substantiating and assessing the stability of the room-and-pillar mining system elements with supporting pillars in the underground mining of sawn limestone or other mineral deposits.

PL

W wyniku agresji federacji rosyjskiej na Ukrainę infrastruktura wielu osiedli uległa znacznemu zniszczeniu, dlatego w okresie powojennym wapień może stać się niezawodnym i użytecznym surowcem do jej odbudowy. Znaczna liczba złóż wapienia na południowej Ukrainie nadaje się do produkcji kamienia ściennego (blokowego), jednak warunki geotechniczne wielu miejsc wydobywczych wymagają zastosowania metody urabiania podziemnego. Do badania parametrów systemu wydobywczego złoża wapienia Nowa Odessa stosowane są metody analityczne i obliczeniowe oparte na znanych i sprawdzonych hipotezach stabilnych przęseł i filarów oraz weryfikacja poprzez modelowanie numeryczne w oparciu o metodę elementów skończonych w pakiecie oprogramowania SolidWorks. Stwierdzono, że przy zmianie grubości stropu o 50% (z 0,8 na 1,2 m) bezpieczna szerokość komory przy braku naprężeń rozciągających w stropie, w danych warunkach górniczo-geologicznych i górniczo-technicznych działalności wydobywczej wzrasta o 22%. Stwierdzono, że powierzchnia 25,0 m2 odpowiada wymaganemu współczynnikowi bezpieczeństwa kwadratowego słupa nośnego. Modelowanie numeryczne wykazało, że w warunkach złoża Nova Odesa obciążenie filaru nośnego o wymiarach 5m×5m osiągnie 26% jego nośności, a strop komory wydobywczej jest w stanie stabilnym bez powstawanie naprężeń rozciągających. Wyniki badań są przydatne do uzasadnienia i oceny stateczności elementów systemu urabiania komorowo-filarowego wraz z filarami oporowymi w podziemnym wydobyciu wapienia lub innych złóż kopalin.

19

Identifying the Potential Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology in Mine Waste Dumps

Nguyen Ba Dung

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 1

163--172

EN

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been applied in the mining sector for a variety of purposes. This paper discusses the use of UAVs in the management of mine waste dumps based on analyzing scientific publications (January 2010 to May 2023). Three bibliography databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were used to perform a thorough assessment of the literature. This study provides a comprehensive overview of UAV applications in mine waste dumps including environmental management, terrain surveying and 3D modeling, and safety and risk management. The obtained results of the study hope to give a technical reference, enhancing the understanding of UAV monitoring in mine waste dump.

20

Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification from Soil to Nettle-Snail and Extension Heavy Metal Pollution of Mining Activity "Ferronikel" in Drenas

Bici Mentor, Halili Jeton, Bislimi Kemajl, Zogaj Muhamet, Mazreku Ilir

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

358--366

EN

In this research project, we measured the impact of the activity of "Ferronikel" factory on the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Ni) in soil, plant (Urtica dioica L.) and shell of snail (Helix pomatia L.) in the locality of Drenas. Large quantities of these metals come from natural and anthropogenic sources including mining activity, agriculture, pesticide use, industrialization, and inadequate disposal of mineral waste and artificial fertilizers. These inorganic pollutants are deposited in the soil, water, and atmosphere in various forms of complexes and are thus transmitted from plants, animals to humans. Climatic factors such as winds, rains, and temperatures are believed to be major contributors to the spread over time and space of heavy metals in the environment. Soil samples, nettle plant and snail, were collected from the selected pollution source of factory "Ferronikel" at distances of 1 km, 2 km, and 5 km in the radius circles divided into four geographical areas. The samples were digested in microwave at 200 °C for 45 min and have been read in two types of absorbers Thermo and Contra AAA. Higher concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni were recorded in the southern parts of the country compared to that control with significant differences (p<0.01). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification levels of these heavy metals have also been recorded in the roots, stalks, and leaves of the stinging nettle plant as well as in snail shells. The results show that the stinging nettle plant has translocated larger amounts of these heavy metals especially Pb along with the vegetative organs wherefrom these they are carried in the snail shell, which is fed on the stinging nettle plant. Also, results shown that the nettle plant Urtica dioica can be used in phytoremediation process whereas snail Helix pomatia can be used like bioindicator of heavy metal pollution.