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1

Microplastics in Sea Water: Contamination and Environmental Risk

Popek M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2026

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Vol. 20 No. 2

461--468

EN

Plastic microplastics are widespread, found in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and can even be found in Antarctica and deep-sea sediments. Micropalstic has become a major pollutant of marine and ocean waters in recent decades and poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. An estimated 5.25 trillion plastic particles float in the world's seas and oceans, releasing up to 23 600 tonnes of dissolved organic carbon per year. Microplastic pollution is a serious phenomenon affecting marine ecosystems, aquatic life and human health. Toxins and chemicals from the environment settle on its surface and can carry them up the food chain. Given the different dimensions, shapes and densities of MPs, it is difficult to predict their behaviour in a dynamic marine environment. The potential toxic properties of microplastics are mainly due to the additives and monomers they contain. The widespread occurrence of microplastics in the marine environment and the need to reduce the associated risks have been the subject of intensive research in recent years. Recently, the study of the source, amount and distribution of microplastic contamination has become the focus of much research. This paper aims to discuss the sources of microplastic pollution in the marine environment and discuss their potential risks in the environment.

2

Mikroplastik z opakowań żywności – zagrożenia i możliwości redukcji

Wierzchowska Wiktoria, Nowacka Małgorzata, Galus Sabina

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2026

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T. 80, nr 3

44--48

PL

Mikroplastik i nanoplastik stają się coraz istotniejszym wyzwaniem dla bezpieczeństwa żywności, a opakowania z tworzyw sztucznych należą do ważnych źródeł narażenia konsumentów. W artykule przedstawiono najczęściej stosowane materiały opakowaniowe w sektorze spożywczym (PE, PP, PET i PS), wyjaśniono mechanizmy ich degradacji oraz omówiono warunki sprzyjające migracji cząstek plastiku do żywności, takie jak podwyższona temperatura, wysoka zawartość tłuszczu czy długi czas przechowywania. Zaprezentowano aktualne dane dotyczące obecności mikroplastiku w wybranych grupach produktów, w tym w wodzie butelkowanej, produktach mlecznych, mięsie oraz żywności na wynos. Omówiono możliwe konsekwencje zdrowotne długotrwałej ekspozycji na mikro- i nanoplastik, w tym stres oksydacyjny, zaburzenia hormonalne, wpływ na układ odpornościowy oraz ryzyko kumulacji w organizmie. Zwrócono również uwagę na trudności związane z oznaczaniem mikroplastiku w żywności oraz ograniczenia obecnie stosowanych metod analitycznych. Wskazano także praktyczne kierunki ograniczania mikroplastiku, obejmujące rozwój alternatywnych materiałów opakowaniowych, usprawnienie procesów recyklingu oraz projektowanie bezpieczniejszych materiałów przeznaczonych do kontaktu z żywnością.

EN

Microplastics and nanoplastics are becoming an increasingly important challenge for food safety, with plastic packaging representing a significant source of consumer exposure. This article outlines the most commonly used packaging materials in the food sector (PE, PP, PET and PS), explains their degradation mechanisms, and discusses the conditions that promote the migration of plastic particles into food, such as elevated temperature, high fat content and long storage periods. Up-to-date data on the presence of microplastics in selected food categories, including bottled water, dairy products, meat and takeaway food, are presented. The article discusses the potential health implications of long-term exposure to micro- and nanoplastics, including oxidative stress, hormonal disruption, effects on the immune system and the risk of accumulation in the body. Attention is also drawn to the challenges associated with measuring microplastics in food and the limitations of currently available analytical methods. Finally, practical approaches to reducing microplastic contamination are highlighted, including the development of alternative packaging materials, improvements in recycling processes and the design of safer food contact materials.

3

Przędzenie włókien syntetycznych jako źródło mikroplastiku

Matusiak Małgorzata

Przegląd Włókienniczy - Włókno, Odzież, Skóra

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2026

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nr 2

2--6

PL

Artykuł porusza zagadnienie zanieczyszczenia środowiska mikrocząsteczkami plastiku. Mikroplastik uwalniany jest na wszystkich etapach cyklu życia produktu, aż do końca jego życia i składowania na wysypiskach. Materiały włókiennicze i odzież, głównie wytworzone z włókien syntetycznych i ich mieszanek z innymi włóknami są odpowiedzialne za ok. 14% mikroplastiku uwalnianego do otoczenia. Cząsteczki mikroplastiku wydzielane są głównie w procesach mokrych, takich jak wykończenie materiałów włókienniczych, jak również w procesie konserwacji, zwłaszcza prania syntetycznych tekstyliów i odzieży. Suche procesy włókiennicze są również odpowiedzialne za uwalnianie mikrocząsteczek plastiku, w pierwszej kolejności do otaczającego powietrza, skąd następnie trafiają do wody lub gleby. Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie źródeł mikrocząsteczek plastiku w procesie przędzenia włókien syntetycznych i ich mieszanek z innymi włóknami.

EN

This article addresses the issue of environmental pollution with microplastics. Microplastics are released throughout the product lifecycle, up to the end of its life and landfill disposal. Textiles and clothing, primarily made from synthetic fibres and their blends with other fibres, are responsible for approximately 14% of the microplastics released into the environment. Microplastics are released mainly during the wet processes, such as textile finishing, as well as during maintenance, particularly washing the synthetic textiles and clothing. Dry textile processes are also responsible for the release of microplastics, primarily into the ambient air, from where they subsequently end up in water or soil. The aim of this article is to analyse the sources of microplastics during the spinning of synthetic fibres and their blends with other fibres.

4

Polystyrene microplastics: environmental presence, pathways, and biological impact

Adamczyk Dominika, Grałek Oliwia, Fröhlich Martyna, Matysek Justyna, Szatkowski Piotr

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2026

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vol. 29, no. 174

art. no. 1

EN

The escalating accumulation of microplastics in the environment has emerged as a critical global issue, with significant implications for ecosystems and human health. Among the most prevalent and hazardous types are polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), widely derived from food packaging, insulation materials, and disposable consumer products. Due to their durability, low density, and resistance to degradation, PS-MPs are persistent pollutants that fragment into micro- and nanoplastics, infiltrating water, air, soil, and the food chain. Recent studies have confirmed their presence not only in diverse environmental matrices but also in human tissues, including the blood, lungs, liver, brain, and placenta. These particles have been shown to induce cellular stress, disrupt gene expression, alter microbiota, and trigger inflammatory and oxidative responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PS-MPs, highlighting their environmental distribution, exposure pathways, organ-level accumulation, and toxicological mechanisms. It also explores the analytical methods used for detection, such as Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and pyrolysis-GC/MS. By identifying current knowledge gaps and future research priorities, this work underscores the urgent need for standardized methodologies and interdisciplinary strategies to assess, monitor, and mitigate the impact of PS-MPs on public health and the environment.

5

Micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water: the review

Bodzek Michał, Pohl Alina

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2026

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Vol. 52, no. 2

67--92

EN

Plastic pollution in water is becoming increasingly alarming due to the annual increase in global plastic production. Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have been detected in drinking water sources and tap water, raising concerns about the effectiveness of drinking water treatment plants and the public health of people who consume tap or bottled water. This article presents a systematic review of the available knowledge on the global occurrence of MNPs in drinking water sources and treated water, tap water, and/or bottled water. Data on the occurrence and properties of MNPs (polymer type, shape, and size) are presented. It also discusses the effectiveness of MNPs removal in various unit processes used for drinking water treatment, including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, sand and membrane filtration, adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, and disinfection. Attention is also drawn to the health risks posed by MNPs present in drinking water. Currently, there still appear to be gaps in research on MNPs removal in drinking water treatment. This article therefore discusses the potential challenges, strategies, and research needs related to the occurrence and removal of MNPs in unit processes used in drinking water production.

PL

Zanieczyszczenie wody tworzywami sztucznymi staje się coraz bardziej niepokojące ze względu na coroczny wzrost globalnej produkcji tworzyw sztucznych. Mikro- i nanoplastiki (MNP) wykryto w źródłach wody pitnej i wodzie z kranu, co budzi obawy dotyczące skuteczności stacji uzdatniania wody pitnej oraz zdrowia publicznego osób spożywających wodę z kranu lub butelkowaną. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia systematyczny przegląd dostępnej wiedzy na temat globalnego występowania MNP w źródłach wody pitnej i wodzie uzdatnionej, wodzie z kranu i/lub wodzie butelkowanej. Przedstawiono dane dotyczące występowania i właściwości MNPs (rodzaj polimeru, kształt i rozmiar). Następnie omówiono wiedzę na temat skuteczności usuwania MNPs w różnych procesach jednostkowych stosowanych do uzdatniania wody pitnej, w tym koagulacji, flokulacji, sedymentacji, filtracji piaskowej i membranowej, adsorpcji, zaawansowanych procesach utleniania i dezynfekcji. Zwraca się również uwagę na zagrożenia dla zdrowia, jakie mogą stwarzać MNP obecne w wodzie pitnej. Obecnie nadal wydają się istnieć luki w badaniach nad usuwaniem MNP w procesie uzdatniania wody pitnej. Ponadto, omówiono potencjalne wyzwania, strategie i potrzeby badawcze związane z występowaniem i usuwaniem MNP w procesach jednostkowych stosowanych w produkcji wody pitnej.

6

Mikroplastik w Morzu Bałtyckim - stan wiedzy na temat metod, analizy i oceny ryzyka ekologicznego

Dereszewska Alina, Heimowska Aleksandra, Krasowska Katarzyna, Popek Marzenna

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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2025

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R. XIX

265--316

PL

Mikroplastik obecny w wodzie morskiej jest zanieczyszczeniem, stanowiącym znaczące zagrożenie zarówno dla środowiska, jak i zdrowia człowieka. Niniejszy artykuł konsoliduje aktualny stan wiedzy dotyczący występowania i migracji w łańcuchu pokarmowym oraz metod pobierania, separacji i identyfikacji mikroplastiku, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem obszaru Morza Bałtyckiego. Analiza wykazała, że literatura w tym zakresie pozostaje wciąż słabo rozpoznana. Brak standardowych procedur pozbawia badaczy narzędzi niezbędnych do dokonania oceny ryzyka ekologicznego wynikającego z oddziaływania mikroplastiku na ekosystem morski. Przegląd 232 prac odnoszących się do tematyki mikroplastiku w środowisku wykazał pilną potrzebę wprowadzenia systematycznego monitoringu, znormalizowanych procedur oraz metod raportowania, we wszystkich obszarach badawczych.

EN

Microplastics present in seawater are a form of pollution that poses a significant threat to both the environment and human health. This article consolidates the current state of knowledge on the occurrence, transformation, interaction with pollutants, and migration in the food chain, as well as methods for sampling, separation, and identification of microplastics, with particular emphasis on the Baltic Sea area. The analysis showed that the literature in this field remains poorly recognized. The lack of standard procedures, and thus methods of determination, deprives researchers of the tools necessary to assess the ecological risk resulting from the impact of microplastics on the marine ecosystem. A review of 232 studies on microplastics in the environment revealed an urgent need for systematic monitoring, standardized procedures, and reporting methods in all research areas.

7

Global microplastic pollution and its consequences - a critical review

Leśnowolska-Wnuczek Krystyna

Polimery

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2025

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Vol. 70, nr 9

539--549

EN

Plastic pollution is an emerging global concern. Defined as solid polymer particles smaller than 5 mm, microplastics have been detected in water, soil, food, and air, indicating widespread human exposure. The persistence of microplastics in the environment, combined with their ability to absorb and transport pollutants, poses a multidimensional challenge. Urgent action is required to address microplastic pollution, including improving waste management and carrying out reliable research on their impact on human health.

PL

Zanieczyszczenie tworzywami sztucznymi stanowi narastający globalny problem. Mikroplastik definiowany jest jako cząstki polimerów o wielkości poniżej 5 mm. Zostały one wykryte w wodzie, glebie, żywności oraz powietrzu. Wskazuje to na powszechną ekspozycję człowieka na mikroplastik. Trwałość mikroplastików w środowisku, w połączeniu z ich zdolnością do adsorpcji i transportu zanieczyszczeń, stwarza wielowymiarowe wyzwanie. Niezbędne jest podjęcie pilnych działań w celu ograniczenia zanieczyszczenia mikroplastikiem, w tym usprawnienie gospodarki odpadami oraz przeprowadzenie wiarygodnych badań dotyczących wpływu mikroplastiku na zdrowie człowieka.

8

Charakterystyka mikroplastików w oczyszczalnaich ścieków

Pohl Alina, Bodzek Michał, Tytła Malwina

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2025

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nr 1

32--37

PL

Oczyszczalnie ścieków są uznawane za jedno z głównych punktowych źródeł odpowiedzialnych za wprowadzanie mikroplastików (MPs, ang. microplastics) do środowiska. W związku z tym charakterystyka tych zanieczyszczeń w systemach oczyszczania ścieków i utylizacji osadów ściekowych stanowi istotne zagadnienie środowiskowe. Kluczowe kwestie związane z MPs w oczyszczalniach ścieków obejmują ich źródła, cechy fizykochemiczne (takie jak kształt, skład polimerowy i rozmiar), losy na kolejnych etapach oczyszczania, wpływ na procesy oczyszczania, interakcje z osadami ściekowymi oraz emisję do środowiska. Współczesne technologie oczyszczania ścieków mogą znacznie ograniczyć emisję MPs do. Środowiska. Jednakże znaczne ilości zrzutów ścieków, przedostawanie się tych zanieczyszczeń do osadów ściekowych oraz nowelizacja aktów prawnych wymuszają modernizacje istniejących już oczyszczalni ścieków. Niezbędne jest zatem podjęcie działań w zakresie ograniczenia tych zanieczyszczeń u źródła oraz opracowanie efektywnych metod oczyszczania ścieków szczególnie w odniesieniu do konieczności wprowadzenia trzeciego stopnia oczyszczania.

EN

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered one of the main point sources responsible for introducing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. Therefore, the characterisation of these contaminants in wastewater treatment and sewage sludge disposal systems is an important environmental issue. Key concerns related to MPs in WWTPs include their sources, physicochemical characteristics (such as shape, polymer composition, and size), fate in subsequent treatment stages, impact on treatment processes, interactions with sewage sludge. And emission to the environment. Modern wastewater treatment technologies can significantly reduce MPs emissions to the environment. However, significant wastewater discharges. the penetration of these pollutants into wastewater sludge and the amendment to legal acts force the modernisation of existing WWTPs. It is therefore necessary to take action to reduce these pollutants at the source dnd develop effective methods of wastewater treatment, particularly with regard to the need to introduce the tertiary treatment.

9

Depuration of mussels (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) from microplastics using banana peel adsorbents in coastal areas of Indonesia

Daud Anwar, Birawida Agus Bintara, Ambeng Ambeng, Sila Nurlia, Aziz Muhammad Fahmi, Putro Gurendro

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 64

112--119

EN

Global contamination of the marine environment by plastics has led to the discovery of microplastics in various marine species, including those for human consumption. Depuration reduces the concentration of microplastics and in turn, reduces human exposure to microplastics that enter the human body. This study looked at the effectiveness of microplastic depuration on Pilsbryoconcha exilis using a natural adsorbent from banana peel. An investigation was also conducted on effectiveness by time variation to determine the most viable depuration time. A completely randomised design was employed with two repetitions of mussel treatment for durations of 12, 24, and 36 h. The results showed that the effectiveness of depuration by time variation was fluctuating. The most effective depuration time was 12 h. The highest average concentration of microplastics, 0.555 MPs∙ind-1, occurred after 24 h of depuration, while the lowest, 0.370 MPs∙ind-1, did after 12 h of depuration. Dry banana peel as a depuration adsorbent was proven to reduce the number of microplastics. More research is needed on depuration and the most effective types of adsorbents. Research like this will help many people reduce the quantity of microplastics that enter the body.

10

The toxicity of polyethylene microplastics on molecular and biochemical parameters in albino mice

Majeed Zahraa Mejbel, Rabee Adel Mashaan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 3

274--282

EN

Microplastics (MPs) pose a growing environmental and health threat. Polyethylene (PE), a common plastic, is increasingly accumulating in the environment and organisms, raising concerns about its potential impact on human health. This study investigated PE-MPs’ impact on biochemical and molecular markers in adult male albino mice. Three groups of mice were utilized: one group received distilled water as a control. In contrast, the other groups were administered oral gavage treatments of PE-MPs at dosages of 1.3 mg/kg or 0.6 mg/kg every other day for 45 days. PE-MPs significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with exposure time, especially at higher doses, inducing significant oxidative stress (P < 0.021) compared to the control group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels increased with exposure time (P < 0.0393), especially at lower doses. thus adversely affecting oxidants/antioxidants balance. Moreover, PE-MPs increased T3 and TSH levels significantly elevated in the high-dose group (G1, 1.3 mg/kg) compared to both the low-dose group (G2, 0.6 mg/kg) and the control group. The comet assay confirmed the genotoxic effects on DNA, which were evident through increased DNA damage. This highlights the necessity for more research to examine the health risks associated with environmental microplastics. We can have concluded that, the toxicity of microplastics is dose-dependent, indicating that increased exposure leads to heightened harm.

11

Study on the dynamics of microplastics in the biofloc system for nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture

Deswati Deswati, Syafrizayanti Syafrizayanti, Tetra Olly Norita, Noval Khazin Putra, Putra Adewirli

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 5

273--287

EN

Microplastics accumulated in bioflocs can potentially jeopardize fish health and threaten the sustainability of aquaculture. Although biofloc technology (BFT) improves feed efficiency and water quality, the interaction between microplastics and bioflocs and their impact on fish remains an under-researched issue. This study explored the dynamics of microplastics in biofloc systems used for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture to understand the accumulation of microplastics in bioflocs and fish tissues and their impact on fish health and ecological risks. Four treatments were applied: control without bioflocs and microplastics (A), bioflocs without microplastics (B), bioflocs with polyethylene (PE) microplastics of 80 particles·L-1 concentration (C), and bioflocs with PE of 800 particles·L-1 concentration (D). Microplastics were extracted from fish tissue using the NaCl solution density method and characterized using ATR-FTIR to identify polymer types. Results showed that in the treatments without microplastics (A and B), the accumulation of microplastics in fish tissues was shallow, with 0 particles.g-1 in muscle and an average of 1.667 particles·g-1 in the intestine. However, in treatments with microplastics (C and D), the accumulation increased significantly to 0.25 particles·g-1 in muscle and 9 particles·g-1 in the intestine for treatment D. The polymer types identified included polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The ecological risk index showed that the PLI ranged from 1.386–2.038, while the PHI reached a value of 122.966–212.665, indicating a high hazard level. This study confirmed that bioflocs without microplastics significantly reduced the risk of contamination in fish, while bioflocs with microplastics increased exposure and toxicity. Management of microplastic waste is essential to support aquaculture sustainability and food safety.

12

Microplastics distribution in surface sediment during dry season at Can Gio beach, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Pham Van Thuyen, Le-Nguyen Hoa Tien

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 2, no. 1

666--677

EN

The study aims to determine the characteristics of microplastics (MPs), including their abundance and shape, in surface sediment samples at Can Gio Beach, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Wellestablished methods, such as organic matter digestion, density separation, sample filtration, and microscopic observation, were utilized. Surface sediment samples were collected in April 2023 along two transects perpendicular to the shoreline (from sample CG-1 (at low tide) to sample CG-5 (at the highest tide)) and along to the shoreline (from sample CG-6 to sample CG-9). The results indicate that, perpendicular to the shoreline, the average microplastic abundance is 6.28 ± 0.16 items/g. Microplastic abundance tends to increase towards the shore, with the highest abundance at sample CG-5 (17.97 items/g) and the lowest at CG-1 (0.46 items/g). Microplastic shape includes fragments, fibers, foams, and films, with fragments comprising the highest proportion at 74.46%. Along the shoreline, the average microplastic abundance reaches 21.60 items/g. The results of the analysis of the relationship between MPs and sediment particle size showed that MPs were concentrated in the “medium sand”, “coarse sand” and “very coarse sand” types. Thus, the abundance of MPs along the shoreline is higher than that to the offshore.

13

Classification of microplastic characteristics in surface water and sediments in the lower Mekong river (Vietnam) in the dry season

Tran Thi Chung, Lam Van Hao, Nguyen Thi Thanh Minh, Zieliński Piotr, Nguyen Hoang Phong, Vo Luong Hong Phuc

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

|

Vol. 2, no. 1

678--692

EN

The study analyzes the distribution and composition of microplastics at 17 locations along the Mekong River (Vietnam) during the dry season (April 2024). Microplastic samples were collected from both surface water and riverbed sediments. Optical microscopy was used to observe and identify the shape characteristics of microplastics, while Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to analyze the polymeric composition. Preliminary results indicate that the distribution of microplastics at monitoring stations depends on various factors, including geographical location, degree of urbanization, transportation activities, population density, riverside exploitation activities, and the hydrological characteristics of the river. Higher densities of microplastics were found in areas near urban centers and residential activities, as well as in riverside exploitation zones. The most common microplastic shapes identified were fibers and fragments. FTIR analysis revealed that Polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Nylon are the primary types of polymers. Comparisons between surface water and sediment samples showed that microplastic accumulation was higher and more diverse in water, with fragments consistently accounting for a larger proportion in most samples. The study provides an overview of the microplastic pollution status in the Mekong Delta river system, serving as a foundation for further research on the environmental impacts on riverside communities.

14

Występowanie mikroplastików (MPs) w odciekach ze składowisk odpadów komunalnych

Nowak Rafał

Instal

|

2025

|

nr 10

67--70

PL

Składowiska odpadów komunalnych stanowią istotne źródło wtórnego skażenia środowiska cząstkami mikroplastików (MPs). Migracja drobin tworzyw sztucznych z nagromadzonych odpadów może wywierać negatywny wpływ zarówno na organizmy żywe, jak i całe ekosystemy. Opady atmosferyczne przesiąkające przez warstwy odpadów prowadzą do wymywania substancji szkodliwych, w tym mikrozanieczyszczeń. W niniejszym artykule przybliżono problematykę związaną z występowaniem MPs w odciekach pochodzących ze składowisk odpadów komunalnych oraz ich potencjalnego wpływu na środowisko.

EN

Municipal solid waste landfills represent a significant source of secondary environmental contamination by microplastic (MP) particles. The migration of plastic debris from accumulated waste can have harmful effects on both living organisms and entire ecosystems. Rainwater percolating through waste layers leads to the leaching of hazardous substances, including micropollutants. This article addresses the issue of MP presence in leachates originating from municipal waste landfills and their potential environmental impact.

15

A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of the process of human health risk assessment to microplastics exposure through seafood consumption

Dullah Arif Atul Mahmuda, Daud Anwar, Mallongi Anwar, Zakir Muhammad, Jafarf Nurhaedar, Indar, Wahiduddin, Putro Gurendro, Birawida Agus Bintara

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

|

Vol. 26, iss. 2

280--291

EN

The variety of physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics in the environment has caused little research on assessing the health risks from exposure to microplastics. This article aims to review the steps for health risk assessment analysis of human health exposure to microplastics through the consumption of marine biota and provide an explanation of the extent to which health risk assessment research has been conducted. Article searches for this systematic review were conducted in three electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The search term used was “health risk assessment for microplastics exposure” with three criteria: free full text, research article, and publication published in the years 2019−2023. Data base management was performed using Mendeley Desktop 1.19.8 and the articles were then analyzed bibliometrically using VOSviewer. A total of 203 articles were retrieved from the databases and 7 articles were eligible for the literature review. Risk assessments have not been widely conducted using health risk analysis procedures because there is no standard assessment of microplastic concentrations in biota. In addition, there is no specific reference dose for each microplastic polymer and the variety of physical characteristics, such as shape, color and size of microplastics, make it difficult to assess actual ingestion. A generally applicable approach to assessing human exposure to microplastics is needed. The approach should include a representative sampling procedure in the environment, a method to identify and calculate microplastic concentrations, a real-time ingestion assessment, and an assessment of specific health effects based on microplastic polymers.

16

Sustainable road markings for sustainable urban mobility – selection guidelines based on environmental and durability parameters

Burghardt Tomasz E.

Archives of Transport

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2025

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Vol. 74, iss. 2

131--146

EN

Proper organisation of road transport path is required for the mobility efficiency, for the comfort of road users, and for safety. Road markings are inexpensive road infrastructure features that make road transport easier and safer; their proper selection is very important. For the use in cities, materials must be durable, provide high-friction surfaces for unprotected road users, and characterised by minimised emissions of volatile organic compounds, low carbon footprint, and curtailed microplastic and particulate emissions. Enhancement of nighttime visibility is usually less important because of external illumination. Because road markings are deteriorating systems, it is necessary to consider all of these requirements from a long-term perspective that includes multiple renewals. To provide materials selection guidelines, several commonly utilised in Europe types of road markings were compared. Durability was assessed based on field measurements of functional properties and evaluation of erosion (i.e. complete abrasion and removal from the roadway surface that results in the release of microplastics), sometimes extrapolations were necessary. The extent of various types of potential emissions was then assessed and global warming potential was calculated. Several parameters, notably skid resistance, had to be excluded because data was either impossible to quantify or absent; uncertainty in the life cycle assessment calculation that could reach even 30% because of its known fallacies should be noted. The outcome demonstrated that the utilisation of road markings that provided the longest service life was the best choice from the assumed long-term perspective; thus, the claim that ‘sustainability is durability’ was supported for the nth time. Specifically, road markings made with cold plastic can be indicated as the most suitable and sustainable for the use in urban spaces at heavily trafficked areas because of their low propensity to abrasion (hence, minimised microplastic and particulate emissions), intrinsic high skid resistance, low emissions, and low over-all carbon footprint.

17

Microplastic contamination in fish harvested from the estuarine mangrove forest of Banda Aceh City, Indonesia

Siregar Lisna Yanti, Muchlisin Zainal Abidin, Pradit Siriporn, Yucharoen Mathinee, Faradilla Suci Budi

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2025

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Vol. 51, no. 1

3--11

EN

Mullet fish (Mugil cephalus), glassfish (Ambassis nalua), and mudskipper (Periophthalmus sp.) dominate the mangrove ecosystem waters of Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. These fish are potentially contaminated with microplastics from domestic and industrial waste. This study aimed to analyze microplastic contamination in the digestive tracts and flesh of fish from the mangrove area of Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted at 3 stations: Alue Naga in Syiah Kuala District, Pande in Kuta Raja District, and Blang in Meuraxa District, from December 2023 to February 2024. A total of 478 mullets, 462 glassfish, and 435 mudskippers were sampled. Based on fish species and sampling location, glassfish and the Alue Naga station exhibited the highest abundance of microplastics, with values of 1.55 particles/fish and 1.77 particles/fish, respectively. Black was the most dominant color of microplastics found in all fish samples, with the predominant size groups being <20 µm and 21–40 µm. Film was the predominant shape of microplastics in all fish species. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of nylon and polypropylene microplastic polymers in the fish flesh. Mullet fish, glassfish, and mudskippers from the mangrove forest waters of Banda Aceh City, Indonesia, have been contaminated by microplastics.

18

Mikroplastiki w wodach do picia

Michalski Rajmund

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2024

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nr 3

24--32

PL

Na podstawie opublikowanych do tej pory badań na temat obecności mikroplastików w wodach do picia okazuje się, że nie tylko woda butelkowana, ale i woda z kranu może zawierać cząstki mikroplastików. W przypadku wody butelkowanej mogą one pochodzić przede wszystkim z materiału opakowania i procesów czyszczenia butelek wielokrotnego użytku.

19

Małe nie zawsze jest piękne.Jak rozwiązać globalny problem mikroplastików w wodzie?

Markiewicz Roksana

Kierunek Chemia

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2024

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Nr 4

80-83

PL

Mikroplastiki określa się mianem zanieczyszczeń budzących niepokój, łatwo dostających się do łańcucha pokarmowego. Występują one w wielu formach i co ważne, przenoszą się każdą możliwą drogą transportu: powietrzem, glebą i oczywiście wodą. W przypadku tworzyw sztucznych, wytwarzane są głównie z dużych, wszechobecnych materiałów, a ich wykrywanie, analiza i usuwanie to niezwykle istotny problem środowiskowy.

20

The Impact of Single-Use Mask Waste on the Quality of Loamy Soil

Khoironi Adian, Manurung Leony Christine, Baihaqi Rifqi Ahmad, Hartini Eko, Aryani Lenci, Wulandari Fitria, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

379--388

EN

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly raised the amount of single-use mask waste in Indonesia. This research intends to assess the effect of single-use mask waste on the quality of loamy soil. The investigation involved constructing a prototype using a 28–cm high column of 19 cm of loamy soil. The study utilized single-use masks in the soil, in which Chili plants were grown on the soil surface. Clean water was employed for the leaching process over 45 days. Soil samples from control, R1, R2, and R3 reactors were analyzed in the laboratory using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) testing and microplastic identification in groundwater. The research findings reveal a notable decline in macro and micronutrients, namely a 1.22% decrease in silicon minerals caused by microplastics interfering with plant metabolic processes. The increase in microplastics caused higher microorganism mortality, leading to a 10.18% decrease in organic carbon content and a 1.47% reduction in soil porosity. Microplastics were discovered in the loamy soil of an average size of 0.3±1.34 mm. Changes in nutrient concentrations and physical properties of the soil indicate that introducing microplastics into loamy soil through mask waste can alter soil characteristics. Additional research is required to investigate the disposal of single-use mask waste due to the ongoing high utilization of disposable masks as personal safety equipment.