Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Osad czynny w oczyszczaniu ścieków - historia odkrycia XX wieku

Klaczyński Eugeniusz

Technologia Wody

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2025

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Nr 1 (87)

78-81

2

Chemiczne zapotrzebowanie tlenu (ChZT) jako podstawowy wskaźnik zanieczyszczenia ścieków w wymiarowaniu stopnia biologicznego oczyszczalni z osadem czynnym

Góra Wojciech

Technologia Wody

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2025

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Nr 4 (90)

78-79

3

Stimulation of activated sludge biomass using artificial visible light

Yas Emad Ahmad, Aldoury Muzher Mahdi Ibrahem

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 4

123--135

EN

Visible light is a potential innovative method for developing the activated sludge (AS) system. AS is consisted of a complex community of diverse microbes that respond differently to light based on wavelength, intensity, and exposure time. The present study examined the possibility of stimulating activated sludge using visible light radiation. Five light wavelengths (white, solar, red, blue, and green lights) are provided with three intensity levels. Mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solid (MLVSS) were used as indicators to evaluate activated sludge performance. From the experimental results, 15–20 days achieved high biomass productivity for all wavelengths. There was a direct relationship between AS biomass and intensity, except white light, the proportion was inverse. Green, blue, and red light achieved maximum stimulation of MLSS reached (48.57, 48.29, and 33.57%) relative to control at (130±3.41, 100±2.9, and 40±4.89 W m-2). Besides, the highest stimulation of MLVSS under green, white, and solar light was (84.54, 55.01, 39.33%) relative to control at (115±3.17, 24±3.72, 40±3.1 W m-2). The maximum growth rate (μ) of MLSS and MLVSS achieved under white and green lights reached (0.096235, and 0.115377 d-1) at (24±3.72, 115±3.17 W m-2), during 5 days, respectively. Van and the developed models could predict a high correlation exceeding (r = 0.98) with white and solar light.

4

Wykorzystanie biomasy osiadłej i zawieszonej w procesach biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków

Klaczyński Eugeniusz

Forum Eksploatatora

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2025

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Nr 3 (132)

26-32

PL

Oczyszczanie ścieków jest procesem złożonym -wieloetapowym. Stanowi połączenie metod mechanicznych i biologicznych, często również wspomaganych środkami chemicznymi. Metody biologiczne wykorzystują zawarte w ściekach zanieczyszczenia organiczne (węgiel, azot i fosfor) jako pożywkę dla wyspecjalizowanej grupy mikroorganizmów. Biologiczne oczyszczanie ścieków jest jednym z najważniejszych procesów wykorzystujących procesy biochemiczne w ochronie środowiska.

5

Wpływ wybranych produktów na opadalność osadów czynnych pochodzących z komunalnych oczyszczalni ścieków

Bazeli Monika

Forum Eksploatatora

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2025

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Nr 1 (130)

42-47

PL

W technologii oczyszczania ścieków poza sprawną realizacją procesów biologicznych niezwykle ważny jest etap separowania ścieków oczyszczonych od biomasy osadu czynnego.

6

Ocena zdolności sedymentacyjnej osadu czynnego

Błażejewski Ryszard

Forum Eksploatatora

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2025

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Nr 3 (132)

38-42

PL

W artykule omówiono trzy podstawowe miary zdolności sedymentacyjnej (opadalności) osadu czynnego: prędkość opadania strefowego, porównawczą objętość osadu i indeks objętościowy. Zwrócono uwagę na metodykę prowadzonych testów sedymentacyjnych oraz na możliwą niejednoznaczność otrzymanych wyników. Zasugerowano szersze stosowanie wirówki do przybliżonego, ale szybkiego oznaczania stężenia osadu.

7

Czy zmiana klimatu opóźni postęp w gospodarce ściekowej? Potencjalny wpływ na dynamikę osadu czynnego

Łaskawiec Edyta

Forum Eksploatatora

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2025

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Nr 1 (130)

48-51

PL

Osad czynny od dekad stanowi podstawę procesów oczyszczania ścieków. Jednak w ostatnich latach pojawia się coraz więcej doniesień o wpływie zmiany klimatu na społeczności mikroorganizmów, w tym tempo ich przemian metabolicznych. Wykazano, że biologiczne oczyszczanie ścieków może zostać dotknięte nie tylko przez powodzie oraz intensywne opady, ale także przez wzrost temperatur czy zachwianie sezonowych wzorców pogodowych.

8

Oczyszczalnie ścieków - jedno z ważniejszych odkryć XX wieku

Piosik Marianna

Technologia Wody

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2024

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Nr 2 (84)

83-84

9

Analiza technologiczno-ekonomiczna metod poprawy własności sedymentacyjnych osadu czynnego

Góra Wojciech

Technologia Wody

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2024

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Nr 1 (83)

37-44

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problem wypływu osadu czynnego z osadników wtórnych w komunalnych oczyszczalniach ścierów wraz z technologiczno-ekonomiczna analizą porównawczą metod poprawy jego własności sedymentacyjnych. We wstępie opisano współzależne czynniki wpływające na zdolność osadu do sedymentacji i zagęszczania oraz przedstawiono wpływ tężenia osadu czynnego w odpływie z oczyszczalni na wartości stężeń podstawowych wskaźników zanieczyszczenia ścieków czyszczonych. W zasadniczej części artykułu przedstawiono wyniki testów sedymentacyjnych wykonanych dla trzech metod intensyfikacji procesu sedymentacji: koagulacji, flokulacji oraz zastosowania balastu mineralnego. Uzyskane wyniki dla każdej : konfiguracji procesów przeliczono na koszt jednostkowy poprawy indeksu osadowego Mohlmana [zł/cm3 Vg], który stanowi miarodajny wskaźnik do analizy ekonomicznej. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników sformułowano wnioski i rekomendacje dla oczyszczalni ścieków borykających się z problemem okresowego wypływu osadu czynnego do odbiornika z uwzględnieniem różnych przyczyn powodujących taki stan.

EN

The paper presents the problem of activated sludge outflow from secondary settling tanks in municipal wastewater treatment plants, along with a technological and economic comparative analysis of methods for improving its sedimentation properties. The introduction describes the interdependent factors affecting the sludge's ability to sediment and thicken and presents the influence of the concentration of activated sludge in the outflow from the treatment plant on the concentration of the basic pollutants in treated sewage. The main part of the article presents the results of sedimentation tests performed for three methods of intensifying the sedimentation process: coagulation, flocculation and the use of mineral ballast. The results obtained for each process were converted into the unit cost of improving the Mohlman index (SVI - Sludge Volume lndex) [PLN/cm3/g], which is a reliable indicator for comparative economic analysis. Based on the results obtained, conclusions and recommendations were formulated for sewage treatment plants struggling with the problem of periodic out flow of activated sludge into the receiver, taking into account the various reasons causing such a condition.

10

Microscopic Studies of Activated Sludge Supported by Automatic Image Analysis Based on Deep Learning Neural Networks

Dziadosz Marcin, Majerek Dariusz, Łagód Grzegorz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 4

360--369

EN

Paper presents microscopic studies of activated sludge supported by automatic image analysis based on deep learning neural networks. The organisms classified as Arcella vulgaris were chosen for the research. They frequently occur in the waters containing organic substances as well as WWTPs employing the activated sludge method. Usually, they can be clearly seen and counted using a standard optical microscope, as a result of their distinctive appearance, numerous population and passive behavior. Thus, these organisms constitute a viable object for detection task. Paper refers to the comparison of performance of deep learning networks namely YOLOv4 and YOLOv8, which conduct automatic image analysis of the afore-mentioned organisms. YOLO (You Only Look Once) constitutes a one-stage object detection model that look at the analyzed image once and allow real-time detection without a marked accuracy loss. The training of the applied YOLO models was carried out using sample microscopic images of activated sludge. The relevant training data set was created by manually labeling the digital images of organisms, followed by calculation and comparison of various metrics, including recall, precision, and accuracy. The architecture of the networks built for the detection task was general, which means that the structure of the layers and filters was not affected by the purpose of using the models. Accounting mentioned universal construction of the models, the results of the accuracy and quality of the classification can be considered as very good. This means that the general architecture of the YOLO networks can also be used for specific tasks such as identification of shell amoebas in activated sludge.

11

Impact of Pharmaceuticals on the Individual Wastewater Treatment System

Makowska Małgorzata, Spychała Marcin, Gajewska Katarzyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

257--266

EN

Intensive economic development causes the risk of introducing the so-called emerging contaminants (EC) into the environment. This group of contaminants includes pharmaceuticals, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the consumption of which is steadily increasing in Poland as well as worldwide. Such specific contaminants may also cause problems at the stage of biological treatment of wastewater, especially in individual systems that are sensitive to changes in wastewater composition. The study examined an onsite wastewater treatment system based on the activated sludge technology, to which three different pharmaceuticals were dosed in the quantities normally used in therapy. The operation of the biological reactor under these conditions was analysed by comparing contamination indicators at the inlet and outlet of the treatment plant at different doses of pharmaceuticals. It was found that the doses used did not significantly worsen the effects of wastewater treatment, except for paracetamol, which at a dose above 1000 mg/d caused a slight reduction in the efficiency of the facility. The dosed pharmaceuticals also did not deteriorate the sedimentation properties of the activated sludge. Although typical doses of pharmaceuticals do not interfere with the operation of the biological reactor, residual substances and their metabolites may be released into the environment; it is therefore reasonable to consider the introduction of an additional treatment stage to remove micropollutants from the wastewater.

12

Diversity of Peritricha (Ciliophora) in Activated Sludge Depending on the Technology of Wastewater Treatment

Babko Roman, Kuzmina Tatiana, Pliashechnik Volodimir, Zaburko Jacek, Szulżyk-Cieplak Joanna, Łagód Grzegorz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

158--166

EN

The representation of Peritricha ciliates was studied in the activated sludge of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), one of which operates using a technology that includes alternating aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions in bioreactors (Lublin, Poland), and the other – only aerobic conditions (Sumy, Ukraine). During the study, 14 Peritricha species were identified in the WWTP Lublin, and 13 species were identified in the WWTP Sumy. The similarity of species lists was 81.5% (Sørensen index). On the basis of on the similarity and taking into account the occurrence rate (≥ 60%), a common group of Peritricha species characteristic of the activated sludge from these two types of treatment facilities was identified, which includes 4 species of colonial Peritricha: Carchesium polypinum, Epistylis coronata, Epistylis longicaudatum and Opercularia articulata, and also 4 species of solitary Peritricha: Vorticella aquadulcis, Vorticella convallaria, Vorticella infusionum and Vorticella microstoma. Despite the very high similarity in species composition, statistical analysis of the population structure of Peritricha showed a clear separation of two WWTPs with different wastewater treatment technologies. If there is a significant similarity in the species composition of Peritricha, the species, based on their abundance and occurrence, are divided into two groups, focused on different technological schemes. The population structure of Peritricha responds to the changes in purification technology, showing the changes not so much in species composition as in their quantitative structure. The differences in bioreactor conditions and increased effluent treatment efficiency demonstrated by the WWTP Lublin result in differences in Peritricha species structure, which are reflected in higher Peritricha abundance in WWTP Lublin compared to WWTP Sumy.

13

Możliwości adaptacji osadu czynnego do produktów odpadowych z produkcji alkoholu w celu intensyfikacji procesu biologicznej denitryfikacji na przykładzie komunalnej oczyszczalni ścieków Gdańsk – Wschód

Drewnowski Jakub, Czerwionka Krzysztof, Mąkinia Jacek

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

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2024

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nr 2

51--58

PL

Możliwości adaptacji osadu czynnego do produktów odpadowych z produkcji alkoholu w celu intensyfikacji procesu biologicznej denitryfikacji na przykładzie komunalnej oczyszczalni ścieków Gdańsk - Wschód. Ocena, na podstawie wykonanych wielotygodniowych ciągłych testów w skali technicznej, przydatności produktów odpadowych z produkcji alkoholu do intensyfikacji procesu biologicznej denitryfikacji w typowej oczyszczalni ścieków opartych o metodę osadu czynnego.

EN

The adaptability of activated sludge to waste products from alcohol production in order to intensify the process of biological denitrification on the example of the municipal WWTP Gdańsk - Wschód. The assessment, on the basis of several weeks of continuous scale tests carried out technical development, the suitability of waste products from the production of alcohol to intensify the process of biological denitrification in conventional WWTP, that use an activated sludge system.

14

Zastosowanie techniki FTIR i metod chemometrycznych do oceny procesu biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych osadem czynnym

Piaskowski Krzysztof, Walendzik Bartosz

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2024

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Nr 1

32--39

PL

Biologiczny proces osadu czynnego jest najpopularniejszą metodą stosowaną w licznych oczyszczalniach ścieków, która z reguły pozwala na uzyskanie wymaganego efektu ekologicznego. Jednakże charakteryzuje się ona również pewną niestabilnością uzyskiwanych efektów zależną od warunków i parametrów, na które częściowo eksploatator nie ma wpływu. Dlatego też poszukuje się szybkich technik analitycznych do kontroli i oceny osadu czynnego, które w przypadku pojawienia się nieprawidłowości w komorach biologicznych pozwolą na podjęcie decyzji operacyjnych korygujących proces, jak również jego optymalizację. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano możliwości wykorzystania analizy FTIR-DRIFT zawiesiny osadu czynnego połączonej z analizą chemometryczną wybranych parametrów osadu i ścieków do oceny procesu oczyszczania na poszczególnych etapach pracy reaktora biologicznego. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że zastosowanie techniki FTIR do szybkiej oceny procesu biologicznego jest możliwe, a w połączeniu z modelowaniem PLS i po odpowiednim skalibrowaniu z wartościami parametrów fizyczno-chemicznych może stanowić element kontrolny w eksploatacji oczyszczalni ścieków.

EN

The activated sludge process is the most popular method used in many sewage treatment plants, which usually allows to achieve the required ecological effect. However, it is also characterized by a certain instability of the obtained effects, depending on conditions and parameters which are partly beyond the operator's influence. Therefore, rapid analytical techniques are being sought for the control and assessment of activated sludge, which, in the event of irregularities occurring in biological tanks, will allow operational decisions to be made to correct the process as well as its optimization. This article presents the possibilities of using FTIR-DRIFT analysis of activated sludge suspension combined with chemometric analysis of selected sludge and sewage parameters to assess the course of the purification process at various stages of operation of the biological reactor. The obtained results indicate that the use of the FTIR technique for rapid assessment of a biological process is possible, and in combination with PLS modeling and after appropriate calibration with physical and chemical parameters, it can constitute a control element in the operation of sewage treatment plants.

15

Piaskowski Krzysztof

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2024

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Nr 12

20--25

PL

Rosnące zapotrzebowanie na leki przeciwbólowe powoduje także wzrost obecności farmaceutyków w całym środowisku, stwarzając coraz większe zagrożenie. Jedną z głównych dróg rozpowszechniania się mikrozanieczyszczeń tego typu są ścieki, a jako pierwsze poddane wpływowi farmaceutyków są organizmy stanowiące biologiczną część oczyszczalni ścieków - osadu czynnego. W artykule przedstawiono badania nad wpływem trzech najpopularniejszych leków NLPZ zawierających ibuprofen, paracetamol oraz kwas acetylosalicylowy na aktywność osadu czynnego po 24 godz. kontaktu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na duże zróżnicowanie oddziaływania badanych leków. Ibuprofen wpływał na kłaczki osadu czynnego poprzez zwiększenie aglomeracji, podczas gdy paracetamol powodował ich defragmentację. Jednakże w obu przypadkach indeks osadu SVI zwiększał się nawet o 38%, podczas gdy dla kwasu acetylosalicylowego zmniejszał się o 20%. Natomiast aktywność osadu mierzona testem aktywności enzymu dehydrogenazy TTC zmniejszyła się o ponad 80% w próbkach z paracetamolem, dla kwasu acetylosalicylowego nieznacznie wzrastała, podczas gdy dla ibuprofenu, zwiększała się nawet dwukrotnie, co wskazuje, że wpływ na osad czynny może mieć nie tylko rodzaj substancji aktywnej, ale również obecne w lekach substancje pomocnicze.

EN

The increasing demand for pain medications is also increasing the presence of pharmaceuticals throughout the environment, posing an increasing threat. One of the main sources of the spread of this type of micropollutant is sewage, and the first to be affected by pharmaceuticals are organisms that constitute the biological part of the sewage treatment plant - activated sludge. The article presents research on the influence of the three most popular NSAIDs containing ibuprofen, paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid on the activity of activated sludge after 24 hours. contact. The obtained results indicate a very large differentiation of the impact of the tested drugs. Ibuprofen affected the activated sludge flocs by increasing agglomeration, while paracetamol caused their defragmentation. However, in both cases the SVI sediment index increased by up to 38%, while for acetylsalicylic acid it decreased by 20%. The activity of activated sludge measured by the TTC dehydrogenase enzyme activity test decreased by more than 80% in samples with paracetamol, increased slightly for acetylsalicylic acid, while for ibuprofen it increased even twofold, which indicates that not only the type of active substance but also the excipients present in the drugs may have an influence on the activated sludge.

16

Analiza osadu czynnego ważnym narzędziem kontroli pracy biologicznych oczyszczalni ścieków

Bazeli Monika

Forum Eksploatatora

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2024

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Nr 1 (126)

35-37

PL

Proces osadu czynnego jest najpowszechniej stosowaną techniką oczyszczania ścieków na całym świecie.

17

Application of sludge-based adsorbent for Acid Red 18 adsorption

Pieczykolan Barbara

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2024

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Vol. 17, no. 1

105--114

EN

A study was conducted on the use of excess activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant as an adsorbent in the removal of Acid Red 18. The excess sludge was thermally modified using microwave radiation. The study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using this type of waste adsorbent in the batch adsorption process to remove a selected synthetic dye. Moreover, the experiments were aimed at analyzing the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of the batch adsorption process. Experimental results showed that in the case of adsorption kinetics, a greater match with experimental results was obtained for the pseudo-second-order model. This indicates that the adsorption process was chemical in nature. In the case of adsorption isotherm analysis, it showed that the best fit to experimental results was obtained for the Langmuir, Sips, and Toth isotherm models. Thus, this indicates the occurrence of a single-layer adsorption process. The determined values of adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir, Sips, and Toth models are in the range of 71.6 mg/g-79.0 mg/g.

18

Automatic System for Acquisition and Analysis of Microscopic Digital Images Containing Activated Sludge

Staniszewski Michał, Dziadosz Marcin, Zaburko Jacek, Babko Roman, Łagód Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 7

51--61

EN

The article contains the procedure of image acquisition, including sampling of analyzed material as well as technical solutions of hardware and preprocessing used in research. A dataset of digital images containing identified objects were obtained with help of automated mechanical system for controlling the microscope table and used to train the YOLO models. The performance of YOLOv4 as well as YOLOv8 deep learning networks was compared on the basis of automatic image analysis. YOLO constitutes a one-stage object detection model, aiming to examine the analyzed image only once. By utilizing a single neural network, the image is divided into a grid of cells, and predictions are made for bounding boxes, as well as object class probabilities for each box. This approach allows real-time detection with minimal accuracy loss. The study involved ciliated protozoa Vorticella as a test object. These organisms are found both in natural water bodies and in treatment plants that employ the activated sludge method. As a result of its distinct appearance, high abundance and sedentary lifestyle, Vorticella are good subjects for detection tasks. To ensure that the training dataset is accurate, the images were manually labeled. The performance of the models was evaluated using such metrics as accuracy, precision, and recall. The final results show the differences in metrics characterizing the obtained outputs and progress in the software over subsequent versions of the YOLO algorithm.

19

The Influence of Abiotic Factors on Organisms-Hydrobionts of Activated Sludge

Baimukasheva Shynar, Issayeva Akmaral U., Antkowiak Wojciech, Aitimova Ainazhan, Altybayeva Zhansaule, Syrlybekkyzy Samal, Suleimenova Botagoz, Koishina Akmaral

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 10

125--133

EN

Rational use of water resources is one of the urgent problems for arid regions of Kazakhstan. The biocenosis of activated sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants in Zhanaozen periodically encounters stressful situations associated with violation of the operating mode of equipment or emergency discharges of toxicants into the wastewater treatment plant system. It has been established that with sharp fluctuations in the physicochemical parameters of aqueous solutions, protozoal organisms are primarily eliminated from the composition of activated sludge. This pattern was noted with an increase in the content of ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, monoethanolamine and pH fluctuations in wastewater. Under the conditions of a 10-month period of active insolation in Western Kazakhstan, the species diversity of the algoflora of activated sludge correlates with the duration of daylight hours; it was found that diatoms predominate in the autumn-winter period of the year, whereas blue-green and green algae predominate in the spring-summer period.

20

Alternating Aerobic and Anoxic Conditions to Eliminate Sludge Accumulation in the Oxidation Ditch System

El-Morsy Ahmed, Ayoub Mohamed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 3

304--314

EN

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the performance of an upgraded oxidation ditch (OD) system, which was designed and implemented to solve the problem of sludge accumulation at the bottom as well as to get the best removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN). The upgrading concept is based on dividing the operating volume of the upgraded OD to achieve interchanging between aerobic and anoxic circumstances in order to provide simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). The obtained results indicated that the average TN removal efficiency was 60%, which could be obtained due to a highly efficient SND approach. In addition, the better TN removal efficiency corresponds to the lower sludge volume index (SVI), which reflects the efficiency of the upgraded OD in preventing the accumulation of sludge at the bottom. Effluent ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3--N) concentrations corresponding to a minimum SVI of 41.9 mL/g were 8.6 mg/L for NH4+-N and 8.6 mg/L for NO3--N, respectively. Furthermore, the upgraded OD successfully removes 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) below the permissible limit for final effluent of 60, 80, and 50 mg/L respectively.