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1

Identification of catchment areas with phosphorus pollution risk for lowland river water quality

Steinhoff-Wrześniewska Aleksandra, Pulikowski Krzysztof, Strzelczyk Maria, Helis Marek

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 63

241--251

EN

The study aimed to analyse the seasonal variability of phosphorus concentrations and phosphorus content and the impact of catchment development of the Panew Mała River. The study presents the findings of a two-year experimental investigation (comprising 17 measurement series across 12 measurement cross-sections) into the concentration of phosphorus (P) and its soluble form, orthophosphates (PO42-). The mean phosphate concentrations were found to be low, with a range of 0.03 to 0.08 PO42-mg∙dm-3. In contrast, the total phosphorus concentrations were relatively high, with a range of 0.11 to 0.43 mg∙dm-3 P. The seasonal variability was analysed based on quarterly means and half-yearly periods covering quarters II and III (spring-summer) and quarters I and IV (autumn-winter), respectively. The analysis of spatial variability was conducted using cluster analysis according to Ward’s method, with the Euclidean distance employed as a measure of distance and the results related to the utilisation of different catchment area. Due to the slight differences in the phosphate concentration, the total phosphorus concentration was analysed in detail. The analysis of variance showed no significant differences between phosphorus concentrations in certain quarters, while greater variations were obtained for half-yearly periods. The applied method of grouping the sampling sites made it possible to distinguish several groups of sampling sites, which indicate relations between the values of phosphorus concentration in the waters of Mała Panew and the type of use of the catchment area.

2

Effectiveness of Green Corridor in Reducing the Level of Tropospheric Ozone Concentration in Legnica (Lower Silesia, SW Poland)

Sobolewski Robert Krzysztof

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

219--229

EN

Introducing vegetation into towns and cities, for example through establishing green corridors which ensure a continuous character of urban green areas is a way to counteract negative effects of urban climate. The aim of the study was to assess the role of a green corridor and the contribution of vegetation to regulating the level of hourly tropospheric ozone concentrations in Legnica. Hourly values of tropospheric ozone concentrations (O3, μg m-3) and wind directions (D, °) collected between 2011 and 2014 from an urban background station for air quality monitoring of the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection were used in the study. To prepare a land cover map, data from the Database of Topographic Objects provided by the Geodesy and Cartography Department of the Marshal’s Office of the Lower Silesian Voivodship were used. The estimations of frequency of hourly O3 concentrations for given seasons of the year and the analysis of land cover within 2 km from the measuring point were made based on an 8-wind compass rose. In summer, the frequency of hourly O3 concentrations was assessed for every direction and for every hour of the day. A Pearson correlation matrix was generated to illustrate the relationship between land cover type and the frequency of pollution coming from each direction, Between 21:00 and 6:00, increased frequency of hourly O3 concentrations in the 0–40 μg m-3 range coming from the southwest was recorded, which accounted for 70–90% of all concentration ranges. Correlation analyses showed a statistically significant relationship between increased high vegetation coverage and decreased frequency of hourly O3 concentrations in the 41–80 μg m-3 range. It was demonstrated that between 2011 and 2014, during summers, hourly O3 concentrations <40 μg m-3 came most frequently from the direction characterised by the highest total share of vegetation-covered land. On the other hand, pollutants with concentrations in the 41–80 μg m-3 range came more frequently at night time from the directions characterised by compact and dense development. The obtained results demonstrated that in summer, the urban park, the Kaczawa River and the green areas along the river play an important role as a green ventilation corridor.

3

Building on societal changes to develop waterway tourism in Central Bohemia (Czech Republic)

Kolařík Tomáš

Gospodarka Wodna

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2024

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Nr 8

2--8

EN

The Central Bohemian Region is experiencing a boom in water tourism. In this region, significant social changes are observed, reflected in the increasing interest in water tourism, particularly the rise in registered vessels and the number of Small Boat Skipper license holders. The growing popularity is attributed to favorable natural conditions, a high concentration of historical monuments along the rivers, and especially new investments in waterway infrastructure. The article describes current investments, the regional campaign to promote water tourism, and provides statistical data to illustrate current trends in this area.

PL

Czechy Środkowe przeżywają obecnie rozkwit turystyki wodnej. W regionie tym nastąpiły znaczące zmiany społeczne, czego odzwierciedleniem jest rosnące zainteresowanie turystyką wodną, szczególnie widoczne w rosnącej liczbie zarejestrowanych statków i posiadaczy patentów żeglarskich. Zwiększającą się popularność przypisuje się warunkom naturalnym, dużej liczbie zabytków rozmieszczonych wzdłuż rzek, a zwłaszcza nowym inwestycjom w infrastrukturę wodną. Artykuł opisuje prowadzone obecnie inwestycje i regionalną kampanię promującą turystykę wodną, podając jednocześnie dane statystyczne wskazujące obecne trendy w tym obszarze.

4

The new concept of MIEX® resin dose categories. Swelling effect, reactor steady-state balance, and NOM removal process control

Mołczan Marek

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 1

91--103

EN

The use of powdered adsorbents for water purification has many advantages and one major drawback – lack of regeneration due to difficulty in separating powdered particles. This weakness is attempted to be broken by powdered magnetic adsorbents, in particular magnetic ion exchange resins, used to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from water. In this water treatment process, NOM removal is controlled by the adsorbent content in the reactor (adsorbent dose) and the degree of its saturation. The control over the dose and saturation is done by mutual relations between the regenerated resin stream directed to the reactor and the saturated resin stream received from the reactor. An obstacle in balancing these streams is a variable volume of the adsorbent resulting from its varied swelling, depending on the features of the solution and saturation of the adsorbent. For this reason, it was proposed to distinguish new resin dose and content categories adequate to these changes, the use of which allows full control of both streams. Thus, the reactor feed stream was associated with relative fresh resin content (RRC) and relative fresh resin dose (RRD), which indicate the volume occupied by the regenerated adsorbent in the solution of water during purification. However, the stream received from the reactor was associated with saturated resin content (SRC) and saturated resin dose (SRD), which indicate the volume occupied by saturated adsorbent in the solution of water under treatment. In turn, these two categories of contents/doses are related to the swelling degree (ηSR). Another role was assigned to the third dose category, which is absolute fresh resin dose (ARD), referring to the volume occupied by the regenerated adsorbent in the solution of demineralized water. Thanks to two key features with reference properties (demineralized water, regenerated adsorbent), ARD allows one to transfer laboratory results to practice and to compare the results of various research. The resin loss factor described by the ηLS indicator was also included in this structure.

5

Environmental Assessment of Sediment Quality for the Main Outfall Drain and Al-Sanaf Marsh

Al-Bahathy Idrees A. A., Al-Janabi Zahraa Zahraw, Al-Hassany Jinan S., Majeed Osama S., Naje Ahmed Samir

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 4

188--196

EN

This study evaluated the sediment quality of the Main Outfall Drain River in Thi-qar Government by measuring (Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Cr, Zn, Cd and Cu) in the sediments. Samples were collected at 4 locations between the summer of 2021 and the winter of 2022, and the results revealed that the heavy metal dominance in the Main Outfall Drain and Al-Sanaf Marsh was in the order of Fe> Mn> Ni> Zn> Cr> Pb>Cu>Cd. Among these sedimentary contaminants, Fe has the highest level in sediments. Two indices were used: sediment quality criteria (QSm) and pollution index (PI). All sites were in the third class of QSm (a possible hazard for aquatic life) because QSm> 0.5. The lowest value is recorded in site 4, and the highest value is located in site 3. The results of PI of Zn and Cu show no effected by pollution to slightly affected in all sites, Cr exhibits the same pattern as Zn and Cu except for site 3 was moderately affected in winter, while Pb caused moderate pollution effect in all sites, except site 2 and site 3 which were slightly affected in winter. Mn, Cd and Fe were seriously affected by pollution in all sites. Pollution index values of most metals (except Fe and Cr) were higher in summer than in winter, probably due to the observed dilution of the metals with anthropogenic origin by rain, leading to lower values in winter. At the same time, Fe and Cr were higher in winter than in summer due to being mostly of terrestrial origin, derived from runoff of the nearby soil by rain. The results show that the sediments of the main outfall drain suffer from large quantities of heavy metals, mainly from site 3, which may be due to receiving industrial effluent, sewage and irrigation water from the governorates through which it passes.

6

The characteristics of a novel environmentally friendly countermeasure against bridge abutments scour depth

Shafai Bejestan Mahmood, Raee Narges, Azizi Reza

Acta Geophysica

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2024

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Vol. 72, no. 1

357--369

EN

Destruction of many bridges around the world has been found to be due to the collapse of its abutments owing to the formation of scour. Various methods have been proposed so far to reduce the scour depth, and in this study, a new and environmentally friendly method, namely triangular vanes made with six-pillar concrete (TV-SPC) elements, has been experimentally studied. For this purpose, various experiments were carried out without and with installing the TV-SPC at different distances (0.5L, 1L and 1.5L in which L = abutment length), three different lengths, in different rows (single, double and triple) and under two different hydraulic conditions. At the end of each experiment, the bed topography around the abutment was measured and the maximum scour depth and its location were extracted. The results show that for better performance, the TV-SPC should be attached to the bank at distance of 0.75L or 1 L . The longest TV-SPS found better to reduce the scour depth. A single L-TV-SPC installed at 0.75L upstream of the abutment can result in 68% and 78% scour depth reduction at high and low flow conditions, respectively. The reduction in scour depth can be increased up to 82% by installing three rows of TV-SPC.

7

Nie wpuszczajmy rzeki w kanał

Biedroń Ilona

Zieleń Miejska

|

2023

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Nr 12

40--41

PL

Traktowanie mokradeł jako naturalnej infrastruktury może pomóc w osiągnięciu szerokiego zakresu celów politycznych, takich jak bezpieczeństwo wodne i żywnościowe, a także łagodzenie i adaptacja do zmian klimatu.

8

Rola rzeki w ożywianiu miasta. Przykład Poznania na tle europejskich osiągnięć w kształtowaniu waterfrontów

Kędzierska Kalina, Kaźmierczak Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2023

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Z. 15

295--310

PL

Przekształcanie miast i rewitalizacja utraconej przestrzeni wpisują się w główne cele zrównoważonego rozwoju miast polskich oraz zagranicznych. Poznań, jako miasto historyczne podzielone rzeką Wartą w samym swym centrum, od lat boryka się z problemem niezagospodarowanych terenów nadrzecznych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych procesów rewitalizacji terenów nadwodnych oraz wskazanie, czym powinna charakteryzować się udana rewitalizacja na przykładzie rzeki Mark w Bredzie oraz starego koryta rzeki Turia w Walencji w porównaniu z terenem rzeki Warty w Poznaniu.

EN

Transformation of cities and revitalization of lost space is in line with main goals of sustainable development of cities in Poland and abroad. Poznan, as a historic city divided by river Warta in its very center, has been struggling with the problem of undeveloped water-front areas for many years. The aim of this article is to show selected waterfront revitalization processes and what should characterize successful revitalization based on examples of rivers Mark in Breda and Turia in Valencia in comparison to river Warta in Poznan.

9

Temporal Variation of Microplastic Abundances and Characteristics in Surface Water of Banger River of Pekalongan City, Indonesia

Despasari Bella, Andarani Pertiwi, Priyambada Ika Bagus, Inoue Takanobu

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

39--49

EN

The presence of microplastic pollution in coastal areas has garnered attention due to its detrimental impact on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, our objective was to identify and characterize microplastics in the Banger River area of Pekalongan City, which is known for its numerous industrial activities, particularly batik small-medium industries. The extraction process involved filtration, drying, wet peroxide oxidation, density separation using NaI, and identification of microplastic particles. The shape, color, and size of the particles were characterized using a stereo microscope, while Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometer and the hot needle method were employed for chemical structure analysis. Given that rivers serve as primary conduits for waste transport from land to sea, we conducted sampling at different times of the day. Our findings revealed an average of 0.61 ± 0.47 particles/m3 in the morning, 0.59 ± 0.67 particles/m3 in the afternoon, and 0.10 ± 0.02 particles/m3 in the evening. Among the microplastic polymers analyzed, we successfully identified polypropylene as one of the two predominant types. To establish a baseline for mitigating the release of plastic waste and microplastic residues into the environment, long-term monitoring is essential to evaluate the flow of plastic waste and microplastics from Indonesian rivers to the oceans.

10

Spatial Dynamics of Microplastic Pollution in Water and Sediments of the Ciliwung River along with Conditions of Water Quality Field Parameters and Population Density

Mahendra Alloysius Pamurda Dhika, Pratama Mochamad Adhiraga, Moersidik Setyo Sarwanto, Rahmawati Suphia, Iresha Fajri Mulya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

296--309

EN

Microplastics are emerging contaminants that degrade from textile plastic products, petroleum, and cosmetic equipment with sizes less than 5 mm. There are more than 70,000 settlements located along the Ciliwung River in DKI Jakarta that use the river water as a source of clean water. The most common type of waste found in the Ciliwung River to date is plastic waste, which can cause flooding and other disasters. The Ciliwung River can currently be found with microplastic pollution which has an impact on exposure to living things in the river, such as in case studies in the Ciliwung River estuary area. The problem is the exposure to 75% of blue panchax fish (Aplocheilus sp.) as many as 1.97 particles per fish with sizes of 300 to 500 μm. This research will focus on analyzing the dynamics of microplastic quantity in water and sediment of the Ciliwung River along with the correlation between field parameters and population density around the banks of the Ciliwung River. When viewed from the seven points that represent the Ciliwung River downstream to upstream in DKI Jakarta Province, the number of microplastics is in the range of 320–741 particles/L. For the dominating form, it can be analyzed that the majority of microplastic forms are fragments (97%), followed by fibers (2.9%) and pellets (0.1%). While in the sediment, the number of microplastics in the Ciliwung River sediment is in the range of 6560–10630 particles/kg. The population density factor has the highest correlation to the number of microplastics with a value of r = 0.702. This is associated between population density and high microplastic emission loads.

11

Environmental Protection and Improvement of Water Quality as a Factor in the Development of Tourism in the Erenik River

Gashi Bardha, Kuqi Beke, Dreshaj Adem

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

333--340

EN

This paper examines the impact of urban discharges on the water quality of the Erenik River in the city of Gjakova, Kosovo which is the most of key factor in developing the tourism. The primary goal of this project-based research was to provide results through water analysis in order to show the impact of urban discharges on the water quality for the tourists coming. The research was carried out by taking water samples at the entrance and exit of the Erenik River, while the measured parameters of the analyses were: temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, turbidity, permanganates, phosphorus; and chlorides. Due to the conditions, measurements were not performed for: biological and chemical expenditure, dissolved oxygen, and alkalinity of the water. In order to achieve reliable results, the experimental research model was used, applying the techniques and methods of water analysis during the period of November-December 2021. The analyzed water result and the final findings showed that urban wastes affect the water quality, in particular the pollution from the discharges in the river potentiating the condition in which the Erenik River is found.

12

Pojęcie wody płynącej i stojącej w polskim prawie wodnym

Lewandowski Rafał

Gospodarka Wodna

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2023

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Nr 8

8--22

PL

Pojęcie wody płynącej i stojącej w polskim prawie wodnym wciąż wywołuje wiele kontrowersji. Prawodawca wprowadził na użytek ustawy Prawo Wodne podział śródlądowych wód powierzchniowych, który ogólnie rzecz biorąc został oparty na hydrologii, jednak ma on charakter autonomiczny. Powoduje to bowiem, że z prawnego punktu widzenia kluczowe znaczenie przy klasyfikowaniu zbiorników wodnych jako wód płynących lub stojących ma to czy posiadają one dostęp do dopływu lub odpływu wód powierzchniowych. Celem tego opracowania była analiza zakresu zarówno pojęcia wody płynącej, jak i wody stojącej w polskim prawie wodnym, a także próba rozwiązania pojawiających się na ich tle wątpliwości interpretacyjnych. Poczynione uwagi pozwoliły na sformułowanie ogólnej tezy, iż definicja wody płynącej i stojącej ma charakter definicji ignotum per ignotum.

EN

The concept of flowing and stagnant water in Polish water law still raises many controversies. For the purposes of the Water Law Act, the legislator introduced a division of inland surface waters based on hydrology, although having an autonomous character. As a result, from the legal point of view, the most important factor while classifying water reservoirs as flowing or stagnant waters is whether they have access to the inflow or outflow of surface waters. The goal of this study was to analyse the scope of the concept of both flowing and stagnant waters in the Polish Water Law Act, as well as to make an attempt at solving the associated interpretation doubts. The observations lead to a general conclusion that the definition of the flowing and stagnant waters has the character of an ignotum per ignotum definition.

13

Simulation of the peak flow reduction of small reservoirs. A case study of the Brown Bridge Pond, Michigan, USA

Zhang Jing, Guo Chen-lin, Xie Guang-Ming, Xing Bin

Environment Protection Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 49, nr 3

83--94

EN

Due to the high frequency and great damage of flood disasters, it is important to reduce the flood peak when it goes through the reservoir. A hydraulic model which integrates the implicit equation of water balance, water head-discharge carves, and water head-storage carves together, is proposed to simulate the flood peak reduction of a small reservoir. The proposed method was employed to simulate the flood peak reduction in the Brown Bridge Reservoir, Michigan, US. The results show that the proposed method can simulate the flood peak reduction in a small reservoir, and the Brown Bridge Dam can reduce the flood peak when hundred-year floods go through. When all gates or spillways are fully opened, the initial water head of the reservoir significantly influences the capacity of flood peak reduction. When the initial water head of the Brown Bridge Reservoir is 240.18 and 241.40 m, the hundred-year flood peak would be reduced to 23.11 m3/s and 25.85 m3/s, respectively. By optimizing the gates or spillways, the hundred-year flood peak could be reduced. When the initial water head of the reservoir is 241.40 and 240.18 m, the hundred-year flood peak would be reduced to 17.98 and 16.54 m3/s, respectively

14

The role of rivers in creating a blue-green city economy on the example of Wroclaw and Gdansk

Rynio Dorota, Adamiczka Hanna

Economics and Environment

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2023

|

No. 2

140--153

EN

The article aims to analyse and critically evaluate the use of blue-green infrastructure in the city. The study was conducted on the example of the Wrocław and Gdańsk rivers. An essential element of the analysis is to determine the possibilities of introducing and improving blue-green infrastructure by using good practices in these urban units, particularly those relating to the role of rivers. During the study, the following research questions were formulated: What megatrend of urban development is defined by current conditions, and what do urban units gain in this way? Is the blue-green potential of the examined cities effectively used? What is the state of development of blue-green zones in and around the river? The methods used to write the article are desk research, case study, analysis of the researched areas using up-to-date cartographic materials, IDI, literature, and legal status analysis. The study supports the exchange of information between cities and the management of the river in the city.

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza i krytyczna ocena wykorzystania zielono-niebieskiej infrastruktury w mieście. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone na przykładzie rzek Wrocławia i Gdańska. Istotnym elementem analizy jest określenie możliwości wprowadzenia oraz poprawy stanu wykorzystania zielono-niebieskiej infrastruktury, przy wykorzystaniu dobrych praktyk w tych ośrodkach miejskich, w szczególności odnoszących się do roli rzek. W trakcie przeprowadzonego badania sformułowano następujące pytania badawcze: Jaki megatrend rozwoju miast określają współczesne uwarunkowania oraz co jednostki miejskie w ten sposób zyskują? Czy zielono-niebieski potencjał badanych miast jest efektywnie wykorzystany? Jaki jest stan zagospodarowania zielono-niebieskich stref w przestrzeni rzeki i w jej pobliżu? W opracowaniu posłużono się takimi metodami badawczymi jak: desk research, studium przypadku, szczegółowa analiza badanych terenów wykorzystująca aktualne dane kartograficzne, indywidualny wywiad pogłębiony, analiza literatury oraz aktów prawnych. Badanie wspomaga wymianę informacji między miastami i zarządzanie rzeką w mieście.

15

Factors of Environmental Safety Reduction on Styr River in the City of Lutsk (Ukraine)

Kopylov Viktor, Popovych Vasyl, Shukel Igor, Fitak Mykhailo, Koliadzhyn Igor

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

233--246

EN

Water ecosystems comprise above two thirds of our planet and play an important role in stabilization of global climate, and also provide a wide range of services to the rapidly increasing society. A number of scientific works are devoted to the study of environmental safety. Water is a basis of life on our planet, and the issue of rivers protection should be of top priority. Unfortunately, a considerable number of surface water reservoirs undergo anthropological influence. The analysis of the research allows us to note that surface water reservoirs, lakes, rivers and their floodplain suffer from human-made pollution. At the time of total use of plastics in all spheres of life, its presence in rivers is detected at the micro-level. The aim of our study is the analysis of landscape-forming factors of ecological safety of the river Styr within the city of Lutsk (Ukraine). The volume of discharge of untreated return water into the river Styr within the city of Lutsk during the last years tends to decrease: in 2018 – 427 000 m3; 2019 – 424.9 000 m3; 2020 – 423 000 m3. It is established that the quality of water of the river Styr in the range line above the city are affected by the pollution from the river Ikva housing-communal enterprise "Mlynivske" and state communal enterprise "Dubnivske", and also waste waters transferred from Lviv region – communal enterprise "Radekhiv water sewage enterprise" (through the river Ostrivka) and communal enterprise "Brodyvodokanal" (through the river Bovdurka). The quality of water in the range line below the city undergoes the influence of the waste waters from communal enterprise "Lutskvodokanal". In order to assess transformation of ecological conditions within urban floodplain, it is proposed to run biomonitoring on the basis of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of a leaf of a plant, which is informative in case of description of the peculiarities of formation of vegetation.

16

Evaluation of the Concentration and Health Risks of Phosphates and Nitrates of a High Andean River

Sáez-Huamán Wilfredo, Contreras-Lopez Eliana, Portuguez-Maurtua Marcelo, Sánchez-Araujo Víctor, Palomino-Pastrana Pedro, Escobar-Soldevilla Mabel, Inostroza-Ruiz Luis Alberto, Llahuilla Quea Jose Antonio

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 9

249--258

EN

In developing countries, river monitoring is very limited. Despite environmental and health problems, there is a paucity of information regarding the contaminants phosphates and nitrates. Thus, concentration and health risks, of phosphates and nitrates of the Ichu river waters, in Huancavelica, Peru, were evaluated. Sampling was carried out at six different points. Important water quality parameters were analyzed, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and electric conductivity (EC). The results revealed that the phosphate and nitrate varied between 0.475 to 0.575 mg/L and 11.10 to 14.00 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of phosphates and nitrates was 0.520±0.02 mg/L and 13.10±0.48, respectively. The Ichu River water had the quality that corresponded to its category, when compared to the permitted limits of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for water. It did not present contamination according to the nutrient contamination index and the health risk was from chronic low intake. Besides, it presented a moderate relationship between nitrate and phosphate, due to the low concentration of phosphates during the dry season. What is new about this research is the approach to potential health risks of exposure to nitrates and phosphates, in a high Andean river in Huancavelica, Peru.

17

Simulating Large-Scale Topographic Terrain Features with Reservoirs and Flowing Water

Błaszczyk Łukasz, Mizura Michalina, Płocharski Aleksander, Porter-Sobieraj Joanna

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2023

|

Vol. 35

385--392

EN

The flow and accumulation of water are essential aspects when it comes to generating realistic terrains. In this article, we have set out to create a method for generating the distribution and levels of water in a virtual world. Our method fully simulates the water entering and exiting the system through rainfall, perspiration, and flowing out of the domain. Also, it simulates the phenomena of flow and accumulation in an iterative process. According to our observations, only allowing the user to influence the terrain and then simulating the placement of water bodies provides a natural result while preserving a high level of control.

18

Energetyczne wykorzystanie stopni wodnych na rzece Noteci

Żabierek Piotr, Ignatowicz Rajmund L.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2022

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R. 93, nr 7-8

129--135

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę wykorzystania energetycznego istniejących stopni piętrzących zlokalizowanych na rzece Noteć. Autorzy przedstawili parametry hydrotechniczne rzeki, wykorzystując materiały projektowe realizowanych małych elektrowni wodnych. Przedstawiono przykładowe rozwiązania konstrukcyjne w zależności od wysokości piętrzenia i przepływu. Przykłady zilustrowano zdjęciami i rysunkami zrealizowanych i eksploatowanych obiektów. W podsumowaniu autorzy przedstawili wnioski mogące służyć poprawie wykorzystania energetycznego rzeki.

EN

The article presents the problem of energy utilisation of existing damming steps located on the Noteć River. The authors have presented the hydrotechnical parameters of the river using the design materials of realized small hydropower plants. Examples of construction solutions depending on damming height and flow are presented. Examples were illustrated with photographs and drawings of completed and operated facilities. In conclusion, the authors presented conclusions that could serve to improve the energy use of the river.

19

The analysis of spatial distribution of artificial reservoirs as anthropogenic fragmentation elements of rivers in the Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine

Hapich Hennadii, Andrieiev Vasyly, Kovalenko Volodymyr, Makarova Tatiana

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 53

80--85

EN

The purpose of the research is to summarise quantitative characteristics and to analyse the spatial distribution of artificial water bodies as anthropogenic fragmentation elements of medium and small rivers within the Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine. The paper uses current data pertaining to existing reservoirs and mineralisation of water in rivers. Comparison included quantitative characteristics, water surface area, and the volume water in ponds and reservoirs. It has been established that although the total ratio was 97% for ponds to 3% for reservoirs, whereas their water surface area 48%, and the volume of water stored only 23% of the total resources. The paper shows the inexpediency and low efficiency of using ponds as water reservoirs feeding small rivers. Increasing the number of ponds in the river basin has a negative impact on the quality of water resources, in particular, by increasing water mineralisation - total dissolved solids (TDS). Depending on the river, the following indicator of river basin fragmentation has been determined: 6-20 reservoirs per 100 km2 of the river catchment area, and on average 18-36 ponds and reservoirs are built for every 100 km of the river in relation to the length of the hydrographic network. It has shown the regularity of growing water mineralisation due to the fragmentation of rivers by a large number of artificial reservoirs. A strong correlation between regulation and fragmentation of river basins has been established (coefficient of determination R2 ranges from 0.72 to 0.91). It proves the possibility to estimate the degree of change (increase) of water mineralisation based on the water flow coefficient Kw and the river fragmentation coefficient Ksfr in the Dnipropetrovsk Region. The paper offers ways of further research for planning and implementation of a water management strategy concerning ecologically safe levels of water use in small and medium-sized river basins.

20

Pollution in Shatt Al-Arab River near Hospital Wastewater Disposal – Detection of Pharmaceutical Compounds, Isolation and Identification of Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Alsaad Noor Kadhim, Almansoory Asia Fadhile, Al-Baldawi Israa Abdulwahab

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

29--36

EN

Pharmaceutical compounds have been introduced into the aquatic ecosystems in multiple ways and sources, which negatively affects the health of the environment and humans. The river near the hospital sewage disposal is host environment for drug-resistant bacteria (DRB). In this context, the aim of the research was to detect the presence of pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater, after treatment, at river point followed by isolation of bacteria and test for resistant pharmaceutical compound. Fifteen species of bacteria isolated by angiogenic methods were identified and tested using the well diffusion test to determine the resistance of selected bacteria to ibuprofen by survival assessment. This study showed that the ibuprofen detected by GC-mass was available in all selected points at a concentration of 3 to 120 mg/L. Lecuco. mesen.cremris and Koc.rosea have a high ability to break down the ibuprofen compound. Thus, the bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater can biologically degrade ibuprofen.