Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Gender influence in assessing sports potential in shaping the image of the Lublin brand

Bloch Michał, Romanowski Robert, Romanowski Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 219

89--106

EN

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to identify and evaluate the factors influencing the creation of Lublin's sports image that are significant for women and men. The study addresses two research questions: (1) Which factors contributing to Lublin's sports potential are crucial for shaping its image depending on gender? (2) What is the hierarchical importance of dimensions that constitute Lublin's sports image according to the opinions of women and men? Design/methodology/approach: The study utilizes Anholt's Hexagon City Brands framework. Data necessary to determine the hierarchy of key factors affecting the creation of Lublin's sports image were collected through an online survey (CAWI) administered to 204 residents of Lublin. Opinions were gathered on the six dimensions of the city brand hexagon: presence, place, potential, pulse, people, and conditions. The study tests three hypotheses: (H1) The hierarchy of factors determining the sports image of the city differs by gender; (H2) The dimension of presence contributes most significantly to shaping Lublin’s sports image among men; (H3) The dimension of pulse contributes most significantly to shaping Lublin’s sports image among women. The second hypothesis is conditioned by considering the results of the sports teams in the presence dimension, while the third hypothesis is based on the consideration of residents' sports activities. Findings: The study reveals minor differences in the hierarchy of factors determining the sports image of Lublin in the opinions of women and men. The most significant dimension for the city, as rated by both genders, is pulse (with an average score of 4.05; 4.09 for women and 4.01 for men). The second strongest dimension is conditions (with an average score of 4.01; 4.10 for women and 3.92 for men). Following dimensions are ranked in order of average ratings: potential (3.63; 3.71 for women and 3.56 for men), presence (3.42; 3.42 for women and 3.43 for men), place (3.14; 3.24 for women and 3.07 for men), and people (2.97; 2.94 for women and 3.01 for men). Thus, Hypothesis H1 is accepted as the hierarchy of factors shaping the sports image of Lublin differs significantly by gender, with conditions and pulse being the most important dimensions for women and men respectively. Hypothesis H2 is rejected, as the most critical dimension shaping the sports image of Lublin for men is not presence but pulse. Similarly, hypothesis H3 is also rejected, as the most important dimension shaping the sports image of Lublin for women is conditions rather than pulse as hypothesized. If hypothesis H3 were subjected to falsification, assuming that both pulse and conditions are important for women, it could be accepted in this revised form. Practical Implications: The findings of this study provide a basis for formulating practical recommendations concerning the development of Lublin's sports infrastructure, as these factors are rated as the most important for the city. There is also a need to cautiously avoid promoting sports clubs exclusively as city landmarks, as their operational ratings heavily depend on the current situation in their respective leagues. Furthermore, the authorities of Lublin should focus on attracting high-ranking sports events, both national and international, as they enjoy high approval from both genders, bring visibility to the city, boost the local economy, and help distinguish Lublin among other Polish metropolises. There is also a need for greater involvement of city authorities in the creation and development of sports infrastructure and promotion of sports activities in the city. Originality/Value: This article presents an original study concerning the potential use of sports in shaping a city’s image. Its originality lies in the novel application of Anholt's City Brand Hexagon for a selected set of factors (representing city’się identity) perceived by respondents to contribute to the image of the city.

2

Association between gender and opinion about smart city

Misiak-Kwit Sandra, Fernando K. Shihan D., Mierzejewska Anna, Wiścicka-Fernando Małgorzata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 220

7--19

EN

Purpose: The paper aims to provide new insights into the opinions of women and men about selected smart city areas. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using CATI and CAWI methods, involving respondents from two Polish cities — Szczecin and Koszalin. The survey assessed participants' opinions of various aspects of smart cities through the analysis of four chosen areas. The analysis is based on quantitative data, where Chi-square test for independence was utilised. Findings: In Szczecin, the first hypothesis yielded significant relationships, indicating that the opinions of specific smart city areas are indeed influenced by residents' gender. In contrast, the data from Koszalin revealed two significant relationships, indicating that opinions may be more susceptible to gender-based variations. Research limitations/implications: A limitation of the study is that it is based solely on respondents from two cities, which may restrict its generalizability to other regions. The study is a pilot study. Future research could consider diverse locations, additional demographic factors, and an in-depth analysis of the relationship between gender and subjective opinions on various areas of smart cities. Practical implications: The findings of the study may be utilized by city managers in designing urban spaces that more effectively meet the diverse needs of women and men. Such an approach can contribute to increased acceptance of initiatives and greater resident satisfaction. Social implications: Incorporating a gender perspective into urban planning promotes more inclusive and informed decision-making, contributing to the development of spaces that meet the needs of all residents, thereby strengthening social cohesion and supporting sustainable development. Originality/value: The study provides an innovative perspective on the diverse perceptions of urban innovations by women and men, contributing to the literature on urban space management from a gender perspective and residents' quality of life.

3

Gender imbalances in e-work environments: a transnational data analysis

Caganova Dagmar, Sliva Ales, Beno Michal

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2025

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Vol. 31, No. 2

24--37

EN

E-work came to the fore as a strong equalizer when women started participating increasingly in this work environment due to the dismantling of geographical barriers and the absence of their physical presence in the workplace. In post-COVID workplaces, the participation of employees in duties and the distribution of duties among employees reappeared. The main objective of this study is to examine the status quo of the modern workplace from the workforce’s point of view in terms of gender equality. The authors analysed the gender imbalances in e-work environments in Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A quantitative analysis based on primary data obtained through a Microsoft Forms Survey was carried out in this study. In consequence, the following research question was explored: Can e-work lower gender imbalances? Six hypotheses were formulated, and three (H1, H2 and H4) were confirmed. It was found that the e-workforce does not take gender into account, and this view is held significantly more often by men, by employees aged 22-27 and by employees from Austria. It is held in terms of fair play in being in the remote work environment and that it is the quality of the work that matters. Females agree significantly more often with the statement that the modern work environment entails an equal call for all genders. Work has changed in many ways, but gender imbalance persists. Serious nation-to-nation differences in gender imbalances, including in e-work environments, persist globally, with some countries, in our study Austria, making notable improvement, while, as our study shows, others, like the Czech Republic and Slovakia, lag behind. But full gender parity has not been reached yet.

PL

Praca elektroniczna zyskała na znaczeniu jako silny czynnik wyrównujący szanse, gdy kobiety zaczęły coraz częściej uczestniczyć w tym środowisku pracy dzięki zniesieniu barier geograficznych i braku konieczności fizycznej obecności w miejscu pracy. W miejscach pracy po pandemii COVID ponownie pojawiła się kwestia udziału pracowników w wykonywaniu obowiązków i podziału obowiązków między pracowników. Głównym celem niniejszego badania jest zbadanie status quo współczesnego miejsca pracy z punktu widzenia pracowników pod kątem równości płci. Autorzy przeanalizowali nierówności płci w środowiskach pracy elektronicznej w Austrii, Czechach i na Słowacji. W ramach badania przeprowadzono analizę ilościową opartą na danych pierwotnych uzyskanych za pomocą ankiety Microsoft Forms. W rezultacie zbadano następujące pytanie badawcze: Czy praca elektroniczna może zmniejszyć nierówności płci? Sformułowano sześć hipotez, z których trzy (H1, H2 i H4) zostały potwierdzone. Stwierdzono, że pracownicy zdalni nie uwzględniają kwestii płci, a pogląd ten jest znacznie częściej podzielany przez mężczyzn, pracowników w wieku 22-27 lat oraz pracowników z Austrii. Wynika to z przekonania o zasadach fair play w środowisku pracy zdalnej oraz o tym, że liczy się jakość pracy. Kobiety znacznie częściej zgadzają się ze stwierdzeniem, że nowoczesne środowisko pracy wymaga równego traktowania wszystkich płci. Praca zmieniła się pod wieloma względami, ale nierówności płci nadal istnieją. Poważne różnice między krajami w zakresie nierówności płci, w tym w środowiskach pracy elektronicznej, utrzymują się na całym świecie, przy czym niektóre kraje, w naszym badaniu Austria, odnotowały znaczną poprawę, podczas gdy inne, jak Czechy i Słowacja, pozostają w tyle. Jednak pełna równość płci nie została jeszcze osiągnięta.

4

Non-standard forms of employment and the need for stability – the perspective of working women in Poland

Bąk-Grabowska Dominika, Cierniak-Emerych Anna, Dziuba Szymon, Grzesik Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 201

37--47

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to empirically verify the scope to which women in Poland work in non-standard forms, as well as assessment of these forms in comparison to standard forms, taking into account satisfaction of the need for employment stability. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents the results of quantitative research conducted using the CAWI technique. The research was conducted on a representative sample of 1000 economically active Polish citizens. Findings: The research results show that on the labour market in Poland, working in non- standard forms of employment affects both women and men to a similar degree. In comparison to non-standard forms of employment, standard forms are considered to better satisfy the interests of employees. From the perspective of working women in Poland, work in standard forms better satisfies the need for employment stability. Research limitations/implications: The research was conducted in Poland, therefore the results do not take into account forms of employment specific to other countries. There is a need to conduct research in this regard that would take into account the effect of factors that appeared after the study period. Going forward, it would also be necessary to take into account factors that will impact on the labour market, for example changes in legal provisions. Practical implications: Taking into consideration the needs of employees is in line with the concept of sustainable human resources management. Ensuring employees work in stable conditions may be linked with greater investment by employers in their development and building their long-term employability, as well as having a positive impact on their well-being. Originality/value: The research results are based on a representative sample that takes into account age and gender, contributing to knowledge on the use of non-standard forms of employment in Poland in relation to research results published by the Central Statistical Office (GUS). Demonstration of the lack of differences between women and men in assessing the fulfilment of employee needs, including the need for employment stability, points to a tendency towards the blurring of differences between the functioning of women and men on the labour market.

5

Employment insecurity as an example of psychosocial risk at work - analysis of gender differences

Sadłowska-Wrzesińska Joanna, Nejman Żaneta, Fiderer-Urbaniak Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 200

389--402

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify the feelings related to the development of automation, robotization and artificial intelligence, taking into account potential gender differences in the examined area. Design/methodology/approach: The goal was achieved by using theoretical analysis of the problem and empirical research. Empirical research was conducted in 2023 using an own survey in the Greater Poland Voivodeship among employees of various industries (n = 189). Findings: There are no significant differences between genders in feelings towards the development of artificial intelligence in the work environment. The results of the analysis of our own research did not confirm the fears and anxieties reported in the literature on the subject. Research limitations/implications: Due to the pilot study being conducted, certain limitations may be the small sample and the specificity of the industry and positions held (the study was conducted primarily on a group of so-called knowledge workers and administrative employees). Practical implications: Women feel a greater need for legal regulations regarding artificial intelligence than men, and they also show a more positive attitude towards the development of technology and artificial intelligence. It is worth using these conclusions when planning the implementation of new technologies in the company. Social implications: AI technology is developing at an unprecedented pace, opening up unlimited possibilities for people and significantly impacting their personal and professional lives. The lack of significant gender differences in the approach to modern technologies allows us to refute some gender stereotypes. Originality/value: While the issue of psychosocial occupational risks has been the subject of many studies and analyzes for years, the problem of gender differences in the discussed area constitutes a significant research gap.

6

The role of gender as an independent determinant of entrepreneurship (evidence from Poland)

Jegorow Dorota, Przyłuska-Schmitt Judyta, Szigetvári Tamás, Bučková Jaroslava

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 176

169--184

EN

Purpose: The issue of gender in analyzes concerning entrepreneurship is part of numerous items, most of which focus on showing the worse situation of women, often equated with discrimination. Qualitative analyzes are often directly linked to a clear predominance of men in the population of entrepreneurs. This study is of a theoretical-cognitive nature. By emphasizing the prevailing gender discrimination, structural inequalities, and lack of consensus within the scientific community, the article contributes to the ongoing discussion on women's entrepreneurship and the challenges they face. The quantitative nature of the study aims to determine the ratio of women to men engaged in entrepreneurial activities during the social, economic, and political changes that have taken place in Poland over the past three decades. The research problem was embedded in the conception of natural differences between the number of women and men as entrepreneurs wherein the criteria of sustainable development, with convergent entrepreneurial intentions of both sexes. Design/methodology/approach: The study is theoretical and cognitive in nature. The article uses statistical tools in benchmarking and regression to present a quantitative pattern of entrepreneurship in Poland. The quantitative analysis was preceded by a review of the literature. Findings: The obtained results indicate that the quantitative structure of the self-employed in terms of gender is quasi-constant. The dominance of men in the population of entrepreneurs does not change over time, and it remains in constant relative relation to the number of women entrepreneurs, regardless of changes in the external environment. Similar arrangements apply to entrepreneurs' decisions regarding liquidation, suspension, and resumption of economic activity. Research limitations/implications: The completed study has limitations related to the adopted time limit of the public reporting system. Research limitations are also present in quantitative terms that ignore the context. Practical implications: In practical terms, they constitute a considerable incentive to revise the formulated EU development strategies and the programs implemented as part of public policies that influence the Polish economy. he obtained results are part of the literature that undermines the effectiveness of interventionism, in this case related to the creation of preferences for women. Social implications: The gender issue in entrepreneurship is important. However, too often these issues are presented in public debate, where the arguments are belief, not science. The article is an important voice in current global discussions on inequality, including discrimination. Originality/value: The obtained results are supplemented by quantitative research on entrepreneurship, considering the gender of the entrepreneur. The applied research approach in the area of quantitative material and statistical tools is innovative.

7

Mobile buying bahavior during the Covid-19 pandemic –the case of Poland

Fernando Kelaniyage Shihan Dilruk, Misiak-Kwit Sandra

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 173

131--143

EN

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to understand the mobile buying behavior of Polish respondents in terms of the number of transactions per month during the Covid-19 pandemic time. The respondents' gender and place of residence were taken into consideration as chosen socio-demographic characteristics. Design/methodology/approach: The field survey method was applied to collect the primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics that include the matched-pair test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the chi-square test of independence were applied for the primary data analysis. Findings: According to the chi-square test of independence, such socio-demographic characteristics as gender, place of residence, women’s place of residence and men’s place of residence in relation to mobile buying behavior are independent. The results of the matched-pair test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in the large and medium cities show that there is a significant difference in the average number of mobile shopping transactions per month before and during pandemic time. Research limitations/implications: The authors suggest conducting the same analysis with a larger sample size to generalize the phenomena. Practical implications: In order to stay competitive on the market, enterprises should constantly develop mobile distribution channels. Moreover, while communicating with a mobile shopper, enterprises can create similar messages, despite the gender and / or place of residence of the receivers. Originality/value: The findings will be helpful to FMCG-related marketing decision-makers and mobile shopping-related app developers.

8

Analysis of pedestrian characteristics crossing along roads

Asmael Noor M., Waheed Mohanned Q.

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 4

189--200

EN

Pedestrian crossing represents a substantial problem. In Iraq, there are no spaces marked specifically for pedestrians, which causes many conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians that lead to many accidents. The pedestrian death rate has increased recently due to the deficiency in adequate pedestrian infrastructure. However, to date, limited research has measured pedestrian behavior at crossing intersections in Iraq. There is a need to carry out in-depth studies to analyze crossing behavior to increase traffic efficiency and pedestrian crossing safety. Pedestrian crossing behavior is a serious issue to be addressed to provide adequate pedestrian facilities to enhance the pedestrian traffic environment. Road safety can be improved by locating crossing locations at the right locations and enforcing laws for pedestrian crossing. This study analyzes pedestrian crossing behavior in Baghdad City, Iraq, for four intersections at an unmarked crossing in the Central Business District (CBD) area. All required data were collected by video recording and a field questionnaire. Then, the data were extracted from video recordings and classified according to the selected variables. The period for observing the behavior was during the morning peak hours (November; time: 8:00 to 9:00 a.m.) for three days per week during normal conditions. This study examines pedestrian characteristics, vehicle/pedestrian flow characteristics, and traffic environment. Crossing patterns were followed for different gender and age groups. The finding reveals that the mean pedestrian speed is 1.33 m/sec. Also, males have a higher speed than females. The influences of age, gender, group size, and road width significantly affected pedestrian speed. The pedestrian speed decreased as pedestrian age increased. Gender and group size had significant effects on distinct crossing speeds. In addition, there is a weak significant correlation between pedestrian speed and selected variables. The study recommended specific marked places where a pedestrian must be located, and according to the pedestrian speed estimated in this study, a signal control for a pedestrian is recommended to be set up beside the street to organize the crossing with appropriate time for crossing safely.

9

The role and place of women in the army of Ukraine in the context of gender equality

Petrova Liudmyla, Rebrii Inna, Zubrytskyi Hryhorii

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2023

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Vol. 55, No. 1(207)

20--32

EN

The article is the analysis of the current issues related to gender policy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The article presents the principle of equality that has a number of manifestations, one of which is the principle of gender equality meaning equal approach to all relevant issues regardless of gender. Gender stereotypes, gender behavioural norms and problems of gender identification in the modern Ukrainian society are analysed. The problem of gender differences is associated with the fact that due to the continuous dynamic changes in the world, more and more questions arise as to the impact of certain gender stereotypes on professional activities of a person. One of the currently discussed issues is the impact of gender mainstreaming on the role of women in the military, as well as the impact on the effectiveness of military operations with their participation. The results of the research confirm that the principle of equal rights and possibilities for the service people of both genders is implemented in the army; however there is still the necessity to strengthen educational activities among the personnel, first of all, among the units and subdivisions of Ukraine’s Armed Forces. For the last few years, considering the fulfilment of assigned tasks in both everyday life and combat operations, the role of servicewomen has increased. To determine theoretical foundations of that problem the theoretical methods of generalisation, scientific analysis and synthesis were implemented. Corresponding software was used to process empirical data and to conduct analytical calculations. Analytical processing of information was engaged to solve the problem of scientific analysis of the events as a holistic phenomenon.

PL

Wyniki badań świadczą o tym, że w wojsku realizowana jest zasada równych praw i możliwości dla żołnierzy obu płci, ale nadal istnieje konieczność wzmocnienia działań edukacyjnych wśród kadr, przede wszystkim jednostek i pododdziałów Sił Zbrojnych Ukrainy. Od kilku lat wzrasta udział żołnierek w wypełnianiu wyznaczonych zadań zarówno w życiu codziennym, jak i w działaniach bojowych. Dla określenia teoretycznych podstaw tego problemu zastosowano teoretyczne metody uogólnienia, analizy naukowej i syntezy. Do opracowania danych empirycznych i przeprowadzenia obliczeń analitycznych wykorzystano odpowiednie oprogramowanie. Zastosowanie analitycznego przetwarzania informacji umożliwiło przeprowadzenie naukowej analizy wydarzeń jako zjawiska holistycznego.

10

The impact of diversity on job performance: evidence from private universities in Egypt

Said Dina, Youssef Dina, El-Bayaa Nourhan, Alzoubi Yehia Ibrahim, Zaim Halil

Acta Innovations

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2023

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no. 49

17--30

EN

Employees from diverse backgrounds have been claimed to perform better; nevertheless, this link has been studied sparingly in the Egyptian setting. This paper addresses this gap by experimentally analyzing the link between employee performance and gender, educational background, and ethnic background. To investigate this link, a usable model was created, and data was collected from 269 academic staff members at private Egyptian institutions. PLS analysis was used, and the result revealed that educational and ethnic backgrounds have a positive effect on employees’ job performance whereas, the impact of gender background on employee’s job performance was found to be insignificant. Furthermore, the research findings disclose that the education and ethnic background of the employees mediates the relationship between employees’ job performance and gender diversity. Future research is yet to validate these results.

11

Long-term emigration of Polish women from the perspective of motives and consequences in the professional field

Wesołowska Małgorzata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 159

475--488

EN

Purpose: Contemporary international migration more and more often concerns educated women who perceive emigration as an opportunity to improve their living conditions, earn higher wages, better use their competences or explore other cultures. The aim of this paper is to present long-term emigration of Polish women from the perspective of motives and consequences in the professional area. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative study in the form of a questionnaire survey was conducted on a group of 126 women, followed by 10 in-depth interviews. Findings: Most female respondents were motivated by several factors combining financial and living aspects or those related to self-development and curiosity about the world. Long-term emigration also had a significant impact on women's professional development. Almost half of the respondents improved their formal qualifications through studies or certified trainings confirming their language skills, specialisation or qualifications to perform a job. On the other hand, almost all respondents acquired new or developed their existing knowledge and skills by performing diverse and complex tasks, self-education, instructions from more experienced colleagues or internal training. Research limitations/implications: The main limitations of the research relate to the size of the sample, which, given the scale of Polish emigration, could have been larger. Social implications: Understanding the motives of long-term emigration of Polish women can help decision-makers create better public policies in order to create better conditions for personal and professional life. This will help to keep valuable human capital in the economy. Originality/value: The paper presents the current motives of long-term emigration of Polish women, which, as it has been shown, have changed over the last few decades. The added value of research on migration is also the demonstration of the impact of long-term emigration of women on their professional development.

12

Digital competences of generation Z in the area of work and professional development

Kowalczyk Elżbieta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 159

169--182

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to elaborate the structure of the concept of functional digital competences for young adults in the area of work and professional development, and to develop a tool for measuring it. Design/methodology/approach: Based on theoretical assumptions (Klimczuk et al., 2015; Nikodemska, 2016; Tarkowski et al., 2015) as well as empirical verification, the author elaborated a five-factor model of digital competences and a special questionnaire for measuring this concept was prepared. Author used such statistic methods as the EFA, the CFA, the Mann 12 Whitney U test, the Student’s t-test for independent samples, the Spearman’s rho correlation. Findings: The elaborated tool and model was validated and, in the majority, the socio 14 demographic factors (such: age, gender, education level, employability) affecting functional digital competencies were also statistically significant. Research limitations: the study include a relatively small research sample as well as its geographic scope was narrow – the research was conducted at a university of economics in Poland among a group where the school-to-work transition occurs smoothly, and the periods of education and work often overlap. The findings could also be affected by the situation related to the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting major shift of the entire society to online activity. Practical implication: The results show the areas of competency deficiencies in Polish Z generation and could help, by special developing programmes, make them more competitive on the European young people's labour market. Social implication: The development of a society’s digital competences is crucial because in an information society they are the ticket to a successful career and a comfortable, high-quality life. Originality/value: The paper presents the new model and a dedicated measuring tool to assess digital competences of generation Z in the area of work and professional development. It’s addressed to educators, employers, and specialists elaborating programme of society’s digitalization.

13

Identification of the effects of neuro-linguistic programming techniques in managerial environment in the context of gender differences

Birknerová Zuzana, Benková Eva, Lajčin Daniel, Urbański Mariusz

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2022

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Vol. 26, No. 2

60--74

EN

The primary aim of the research was to find out statistically significant differences in the assessment of selected NLP techniques (representational systems, rapport, pacing, leading) by female and male managers who attended and did not attend an NLP course. The research used an NLPT questionnaire (neuro-linguistic programming techniques). The data were collected from 124 managers - 58 female and 66 male managers at all levels of management. The results show that the respondents who attended an NLP course evaluated the examined NLP techniques more positively. Gender differences and the interaction between gender and completion of the NLP course by assessing the NLP techniques were not confirmed. A statistically significant relation was identified only at a level of selected items of NLPT methodology. The study brought new findings in the research of measuring the NLP techniques’ effects in relation to gender and contributed to the knowledge and theory of NLP techniques in the context of gender differences in the managerial environment.

PL

Podstawowym celem badań było znalezienie statystycznie istotnych różnic w ocenie wybranych technik NLP (systemów reprezentacji, relacji, tempa, przywództwa) przez menedżerów i menedżerów, którzy uczestniczyli i nie uczestniczyli w kursie NLP. W badaniach wykorzystano kwestionariusz NLPT (neurolingwistyczne techniki programowania). Dane zebrano od 124 menedżerów - 58 kobiet i 66 mężczyzn menedżerów wszystkich szczebli zarządzania. Wyniki pokazują, że respondenci, którzy uczestniczyli w kursie NLP, lepiej oceniali badane techniki NLP. Różnice płciowe i interakcja między płcią a ukończeniem kursu NLP poprzez ocenę technik NLP nie zostały potwierdzone. Istotna statystycznie zależność została zidentyfikowana jedynie na poziomie wybranych pozycji metodologii NLPT. Badanie przyniosło nowe wyniki w badaniach pomiaru efektów technik NLP w odniesieniu do płci oraz przyczyniło się do poznania i teorii technik NLP w kontekście różnic płciowych w środowisku menedżerskim.

14

Public health management in a crisis situation: alcohol consumption in terms of socio-economic status

Gavurova Beata, Ivankova Viera, Kubak Matus

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2021

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Vol. 24, No. 1

80--95

EN

In order to strengthen public health management, the main aim of the study was to identify possible changes in alcohol consumption during the health crisis, classified according to the socio-economic status of the Slovak population. The research sample consisted of 506 respondents (33% males and 67% females), and data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed from 29th of April 2020 to 1st July 2020. A crosstabulation showed that alcohol consumption did not change in about half of the respondents, while the majority of the remaining respondents reported a decrease in alcohol consumption compared to those who reported an increase. Females were more stable in their drinking than males. Correspondence analysis showed that high-income males (2500 to 2999 EUR) were more likely to drink excessively. Conversely, high-income females reported much less alcohol consumption. Health care professionals should pay increased attention to alcohol consumption in vulnerable groups at risk of developing an addiction. The findings of this study provide valuable information for improving public policy management and for effective decision-making in public health.

PL

W celu wzmocnienia zarządzania zdrowiem publicznym, głównym celem badania była identyfikacja możliwych zmian w spożyciu alkoholu podczas kryzysu zdrowotnego, sklasyfikowanych według statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego ludności słowackiej. Próba badawcza składała się z 506 respondentów (33% mężczyzn i 67% kobiet), a dane zostały zebrane za pomocą ankiety internetowej rozprowadzanej od 29 kwietnia 2020 r. do 1 lipca 2020 r. Tabela krzyżowa wykazała, że spożycie alkoholu nie zmieniło się w około połowie badanych, podczas gdy większość pozostałych respondentów zgłosiła spadek spożycia alkoholu w porównaniu z tymi, którzy zgłosili wzrost. Kobiety były bardziej stabilne w piciu niż mężczyźni. Analiza korespondencji wykazała, że mężczyźni o wysokich dochodach (2500 do 2999 euro) częściej nadużywali alkoholu. Z drugiej strony kobiety o wysokich dochodach zgłaszały znacznie mniejsze spożycie alkoholu. Pracownicy służby zdrowia powinni zwracać większą uwagę na spożywanie alkoholu w grupach wrażliwych, zagrożonych uzależnieniem. Wyniki tego badania dostarczają cennych informacji na temat poprawy zarządzania polityką publiczną oraz skutecznego podejmowania decyzji w zakresie zdrowia publicznego.

15

Żywność projektowana dla kobiet oraz mężczyzn

Hilal Adonis, Pyl Natalia, Florowska Anna, Wroniak Małgorzata

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2020

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T. 74, nr 12

25--29

PL

Pomimo że kobiety i mężczyźni mają 95,5% identycznego DNA, charakteryzują ich odmienne nawyki żywieniowe oraz różna podatność na zachorowalność na choroby dietozależne, w związku z tym potrzebują w swoim pożywieniu innych składników odżywczych. Żywność, której celem jest zaspokojenie potrzeb kobiet lub mężczyzn, to nowa tendencja w polskim przemyśle spożywczym. Jednakże produkty przeznaczone dla płci nie są do końca nową kategorią, gdyż taka żywność jest od dawna dostępna w Stanach Zjednoczonych i niektórych krajach Europy Zachodniej. Producenci, projektując żywność przeznaczoną dla danej płci, kierują się różnymi motywami. Na rynku można wyróżnić dwie kategorie takiej żywności. Pierwsza ma na celu wyłącznie zainteresowanie konkretnych grup konsumentów i opiera się na stereotypach niekoniecznie związanych z potrzebami żywieniowymi danej płci. Natomiast druga grupa bazuje na autentycznych potrzebach żywieniowych oraz uwzględnia profilaktykę chorób dietozależnych, a nie na stereotypy społeczno-kulturowe przypisane każdej płci.

EN

Although women and men have 95.5% identical DNA, they have different eating habits and different susceptibility to the incidence of diet-related diseases, therefore they need different nutrients in their food to prevent these diseases. Food aimed to satisfy the needs of women and men is a new trend in the Polish industry. However, gender-dedicated products are not entirely a new food category, as such food has long been available in the US and some Western European markets. When designing gender-dedicated food, producers follow various motives. There are two groups of genderdedicated food on the market. The first one aimed to interest a specific group of consumers, based on stereotypes not necessarily related to the nutritional needs of each gender. The second group, on the other hand, is based on current nutritional and preventive needs, and not on socio-cultural stereotypes prescribed for each gender.

16

Effect of gender and occupations on uranium concentration in human blood and soil samples collected from Babylon, Iraq

Showard Ansam F., Aswood Murtadha Sh.

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 26, Iss. 3

143--148

EN

Uranium concentrations of human blood and soil samples have been studied at different ages and occupations in Babylon, Iraq. The technique of nuclear track detectors CR 39 with nuclear fission track analysis has been used to determine the uranium concentrations in this study. Results have shown that the concentrations of uranium ranged from 0.56 ± 0.06 to 1.24 ± 0.29 ppb with an average of 0.83 ± 0.18 ppb in blood samples. On the other hand, the concentrations of uranium in soil samples ranged from 0.93 ± 0.20 to 2.59 ± 0.15 ppm with an average of 1.72 ± 0.19 ppm. Moreover, the highest averages of concentration have been found in the city center of Babylon, reaching 1.09 ± 0.22 ppb and 2.10 ± 0.23 ppm in blood and soil samples, respectively. The results have further proved that gender and occupations have an effect in increasing the concentrations of uranium. In addition, the concentrations in blood samples are generally lower than the concentration in soil samples.

17

The influence of workplace spirituality on nepotism and favoritism in ASEAN regions

Khamis Kamarul Azman, Kaliappen Narentheren, Jermsittiparsert Kittisak, Omar Rusdi

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2020

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Vol. 22, No. 2

215--231

EN

Many business ethics researchers have focused on new methods and theories of research which contribute substantially to improve business standards and ethics globally. The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of the workplace spirituality (WPS) with its four components, such as transcendence, meaningful at workplace, compassion and mindfulness on nepotism and favoritism (N&F) in the ASEAN region. Data were collected from services sector employees employed in Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia through self-administered questionnaires. The data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0 and Smart PLS 3.0. This research results indicate that WPS has a negative and significant influence on N&F. Furthermore, transcendence, meaningful at workplace, compassion and mindfulness have a negative and significant impact on N&F. The result of the current study also indicates that gender has no moderating influence on the relationship between mindfulness and N&F. The current study provides empirical data from Asian countries to help policy makers and practitioners in the N&F process to eradicate corruption.

PL

Wielu badaczy zajmujących się etyką biznesową skupiło się na nowych metodach i teoriach badawczych, które znacząco przyczyniają się do poprawy standardów biznesowych i etyki na całym świecie. Celem tych badań jest zbadanie wpływu duchowości w miejscu pracy (WPS) z jej czterema komponentami, takimi jak transcendencja, znaczenie w miejscu pracy, współczucie i uważność na nepotyzm i faworyzowanie (N&F) w regionie ASEAN. Dane zebrano od pracowników sektora usług zatrudnionych w Tajlandii, Indonezji i Malezji za pomocą kwestionariuszy do samodzielnego wypełnienia. Analizę danych przeprowadzono przy użyciu SPSS w wersji 23.0 i Smart PLS 3.0. Te wyniki badań wskazują, że WPS ma negatywny i znaczący wpływ na NiF. Ponadto transcendencja, znacząca w miejscu pracy, współczucie i uważność mają negatywny i znaczący wpływ na NiF. Wynik obecnego badania wskazuje również, że płeć nie ma moderującego wpływu na związek między uważnością a NiF. Obecne badanie dostarcza danych empirycznych z krajów azjatyckich, aby pomóc decydentom i praktykom w procesie N&F w zwalczaniu korupcji.

18

The impact of leadership traits on human resource practices, gender and transformational leadership

Habeeb Fatima Jafar, Mostafa M. S., Altyar Ahmed Rakan, Ismail Wan Khiaruzzaman Wan, Md Nor Khalil

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2020

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Vol. 21, No. 1

135--145

EN

The purpose lined with this study is to examine the links among the human resource practices along with transformational leadership, gender and leadership traits. The data were collected from the financial institutions of Iraq and analyzed by using the SEM. The results show that positive association among the human resource practices along with transformational leadership, gender and leadership traits. These findings are suitable for the employees of financial institutions along with the policymakers that they should develop the policies related to the practices of human resource that enhance firm performance.

PL

Celem niniejszego badania jest zbadanie powiązań między praktykami w zakresie zasobów ludzkich oraz przywództwa transformacyjnego, płci i cech przywódczych. Dane zostały zebrane od instytucji finansowych w Iraku i przeanalizowane za pomocą SEM. Wyniki pokazują, że pozytywny związek między praktykami w zakresie zasobów ludzkich a przywództwem transformacyjnym, płcią i cechami przywódczymi. Ustalenia te są odpowiednie dla pracowników instytucji finansowych wraz z decydentami, że powinni opracować polityki związane z praktykami zasobów ludzkich, które poprawią wyniki firmy.

19

The impact of gender on financial performance: evidence from a sample of Portuguese SMEs

Pacheco Luís, Lobo Carla, Maldonado Isabel

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2020

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Vol. 22, No. 2

384--401

EN

The objective of the present paper is to study the effects of gender on financial performance and examine the variables that may influence the presence of women leading the firm or being its main shareholder. The relation between gender and profitability in the context of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is a less studied topic in the broader context of performance determinants. Contributing to fill this research gap, it is used an unbalanced panel data of 141 Portuguese firms for the period from 2010 to 2018, obtained with primary and secondary data sources. The relation between gender and financial performance is addressed with two methodologies, a Tobit regression and a Random Effects Model. Our results evidence fewer possibilities for women to be firm leaders in larger and older organizational structures, which do not seem pressured towards equality. Additionally, firm age moderates the positive relation between female leadership and profitability. Given the SMEs importance in the majority of countries, the results and implications of this paper can be generalized to other economies.

PL

Celem tego artykułu jest empiryczne zbadanie wpływu płci na wyniki finansowe. Ponadto w artykule przeanalizowano zmienne, które mogą wpływać na obecność kobiet kierujących firmą lub będących jej głównym akcjonariuszem. Literatura dotycząca determinantów wyników jest bogata, jednak związek między płcią a dochodowością w kontekście małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MŚP) jest znacznie mniej zbadany. Przyczyniając się do wypełnienia tej luki badawczej, wykorzystano niezrównoważone dane panelowe 141 portugalskich MŚP za okres od 2010 do 2018, uzyskane z pierwotnych i wtórnych źródeł danych. Zależność między płcią a wynikami finansowymi jest określana za pomocą dwóch metod, regresji Tobita i modelu efektów losowych. Nasze wyniki pokazują, że kobiety mają mniejsze możliwości bycia zdecydowanymi liderkami w większych i starszych strukturach organizacyjnych, które nie wydają się być naciskane na równość. Dodatkowo, zdecydowany wiek łagodzi pozytywny związek między przywództwem kobiet a rentownością. Ze względu na znaczenie MŚP w większości gospodarek nasze wyniki i ich konsekwencje można uogólnić na inne kraje.

20

The Concept of Gender and Legislative Support of Gender Rights Protection at the Current Stage of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Development

Korniichuk Yurii, Ostrovska-Buhaichuk Iryna, Lazurina Nataliia

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2020

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T. 15, nr 1

31--44

EN

The article presents an analysis of the concept of gender and gender stereotypes. The difference between the concepts of gender and sex category is analyzed. The generally accepted international regulatory legal act on gender equality in the military are covered, and special attention is paid to the consideration of the main aspects of the national legislation in the aforementioned course.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę pojęcia płci i stereotypów płciowych. Analizowana jest różnica między pojęciami gender i płci biologicznej. Analizowane są również ogólnie przyjęte międzynarodowe akty prawne dotyczące równości płci w wojsku, a szczególną uwagę zwraca się na uwzględnienie głównych aspektów ustawodawstwa krajowego w wyżej wymienionym kierunku.