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1

Effective anchorage stress of prestressed tendons in PC girders under varying tensioning sequences

Xiao Guangqing, Chen Xilong, Xu Lihai, Wu Fucheng, Zeng Liang, He Shaohua

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 71, nr 3

217--230

EN

In current design codes, the standardized anchorage stress of prestressed tendons in concrete girders is uniform, which presents a notable challenge in accurately assessing the effective anchorage stress of girders with varying span lengths. This study investigates the impact of prestressed tendons’ span length and tensioning sequences on effective anchorage stress in small-box girders (20 m, 25 m, 30 m) and 40 m T-shaped girders. Comprehensive theoretical approaches for computing the effective anchorage stress of the tendons, accounting for stress losses due to conduit friction, anchor deformation, rebar relaxation, concrete, and joint compression, are presented. The calculated results for prestressed concrete (PC) girders with typical span lengths and cross-sections demonstrate that girder length and tensioning sequence influence the effective anchorage stress of prestressed tendons. The currently recommended standardized effective anchorage stress of 1280 MPa in existing codes, derived solely from a designated length and anchorage retraction, proves inadequate for PC girders of varying lengths. Based on theoretical and numerical findings, refined effective anchorage stress of 1237 MPa, 1244 MPa, and 1251 MPa are proposed for small-box girders with span lengths of 20 m, 25 m, and 30 m, respectively, while the recommended effective anchorage stress for a T-shaped PC girder with a length of 40 m is 1251 MPa. Adoption of the evaluation method effective anchorage stress yields an improved prestressed quality passing rate ranging from 4.0% to 10.9%, thereby effectively reducing the necessity for unnecessary supplementary tensioning or excessive tensioning during on-site construction to meet project requirements.

2

Concentric magnetic gear structure review

Halim Mohd Firdaus Mohd Ab, Rahman Azhan Abd, Sulaiman Erwan

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 8

140--147

EN

The paper presents the evolvement of magnetic gear structure from its inception up to the year of 2023. The output performances (power and torque) of all the structure will be tabled and analyzed in this paper. Among several structures researched in MG, Concentric Magnetic Gear (CMG), is the most researched structure due to its high utilization of the magnetic field compared to other structure. Since many structure evolved from CMG, a classification tree derived from CMG is presented. The classification tree provides an overview of the state of the art in CMG design.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ewolucję konstrukcji przekładni magnetycznej od jej powstania do roku 2023. W artykule zostaną zestawione i przeanalizowane parametry wyjściowe (moc i moment obrotowy) wszystkich konstrukcji. Spośród kilku struktur badanych w MG, koncentryczna przekładnia magnetyczna (CMG) jest najczęściej badaną strukturą ze względu na wysokie wykorzystanie pola magnetycznego w porównaniu z innymi strukturami. Ponieważ wiele struktur wyewoluowało z CMG, przedstawiono drzewo klasyfikacyjne wywodzące się z CMG. Drzewo klasyfikacyjne zawiera przegląd stanu techniki w projektowaniu CMG.

3

Fully discrete approximations and an a priori error analysis of a two-temperature thermo-elastic model with microtemperatures

Baldonedo Jacobo, Fernández José R., Quintanilla Ramón

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2024

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Vol. 34, no. 1

93--103

EN

In this paper, we consider, from a numerical point of view, a two-temperature poro-thermoelastic problem. The model is written as a coupled linear system of hyperbolic and elliptic partial differential equations. An existence result is proved and energy decay properties are recalled. Then we introduce a fully discrete approximation by using the finite element method and the implicit Euler scheme. Some a priori error estimates are obtained, from which the linear convergence of the approximation is deduced under an appropriate additional regularity. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the approximation, the decay of the discrete energy and the behaviour of the solution depending on a constitutive parameter.

4

Estimation of adhesive joint failure initiation using FEM

Derewonko Agnieszka, Maruschak Pavlo, Prusko Paweł

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2024

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Vol. 73, nr 1

33--42

EN

In adhesive joints, the integrity of the adhesive and the joined parts results from intermolecular forces. The determination of the total elastic energy at the interface of two different bodies is possible by introducing the contact problem in the numerical model of the system. The paper presents the optimization of a single lap adhesive joint by estimating the tensile force causing the joint failure initiation and its location based on the calculated elastic energy. This approach limits the number of experimental tests. Limitation of the estimation, resulting from dimension of the applied finite element mesh, is also considered. The application is demonstrated through a numerical analysis of a quasi-static tension test on a single-lap adhesive joint without spacers. Two models, created based on the described limitations, are analyzed. The calculated surface energy values are presented as three-dimensional graphs in the Matlab environment for one of the bonding surfaces. The selection of this surface is justified by a brief theoretical analysis.

PL

W połączeniach klejowych integralność kleju i połączonych części wynika z sił międzycząsteczkowych. Określenie całkowitej energii sprężystej na styku dwóch różnych ciał jest możliwe poprzez wprowadzenie problemu kontaktu do modelu numerycznego układu. W artykule przedstawiono optymalizację pojedynczego zakładkowego połączenia klejowego poprzez oszacowanie siły rozciągającej powodującej inicjację uszkodzenia połączenia i jego lokalizację na podstawie obliczonej energii sprężystej. Takie podejście ogranicza liczbę testów eksperymentalnych. Uwzględniono również ograniczenia estymacji wynikające z wymiarów zastosowanej siatki elementów skończonych. Aplikacja została zademonstrowana poprzez analizę numeryczną quasi-statycznego testu rozciągania na pojedynczym połączeniu klejowym bez przekładek. Analizowane są dwa modele utworzone w oparciu o opisane ograniczenia. Obliczone wartości energii powierzchniowej są prezentowane jako trójwymiarowe wykresy w środowisku Matlab dla jednej z powierzchni klejenia. Wybór tej powierzchni uzasadniono krótką analizą teoretyczną.

5

Effect of fatigue behaviour on fracture in the 4th gear of a pick-up truck

Janmanee P., Saodaen R., Thanadngarn C., Kumnorkaew T., Jamkamon K., Utjimajiratthitikarn K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 126, nr 1

5--14

EN

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the effect of fatigue behaviour on fracture in the 4th gear (helical gear) of a pick-up truck. Design/methodology/approach: Fracture on the failed helical gear is characterised through metallographic and fractographic analyses. Mechanical testing and finite element simulation are employed to assess the factors contributing to the gear failure. Findings: The microstructure observed in the case layer was martensite, leading to a hard and brittle surface due to carburising. Failure initiated at the crack origins and then propagated to the instant fracture zone in the core of the gear tooth. Multiple crack origins accelerated the development of ratchet marks, attributed to the high intensity of stress exerted on the workpiece and ultimately leading to a substantial final overload zone. Hardness decreased with increasing depth of the gear surface due to the effects of carburising and hardening treatments. Stress was initiated from the contact stress on the gear tooth surface and transformed into bending stress along the central axis of the gear. The contact stresses became critical when the torque surpassed the contact strength of the material. Research limitations/implications: Simulation samples must be experimentally validated to improve the results. Practical implications: Metallographic and fractographic analyses are crucial in elucidating the wear mechanisms in mechanical components. Additionally, finite element analysis can indicate the influence of stress on the mechanical part, providing insights that can effectively guide the limiting transmission power to ensure extended service life. Originality/value: Cost reduction, time for analysis, and finding the root causes of the problem should be conducted to improve the implementation process, leading to high product quality.

6

Rational steel mesh layout influence on plate utilization of large span corrugated steel structure

Bareikis Nerijus

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 70, nr 3

561--578

EN

Corrugated steel structures buried in the surrounding soil are currently used worldwide in road and railway engineering as culverts, pedestrian and animal crossings, tunnels and bridges. The need of large span corrugated steel structures is rapidly growing however their behavior analysis is still understudied. There is also a lack of discussion about the impact of additional strengthening elements for the behavior of corrugated steel structures. This study analyses the influence of rational steel mesh layout on the behavior of a large span deepest corrugation steel structure. The numerical two-dimensional model of two-radius 17.5 m span profile with corrugation of 237 mm depth and 500 mm pitch was developed to replicate the ongoing project in Lithuania. Originally the stiffness of the structure from both sides was increased by six layers of steel meshes as lateral support. Nevertheless, the current study was looking for rational steel mesh layout. Also, the influence of different layouts of steel mesh on corrugated steel plate utilization to buckling failure in the peaking, dead load and in the most unfavorable live load location phase was analyzed. The finite element model results indicated that steel meshes could be used to control structure deformations and internal reactions. Vertical displacement of the crown of the structure could be reduced by 45% in the peaking phase when using proper steel meshes layout. Furthermore, steel meshes could be a decisive factor for the bearing capacity of corrugated steel structure in a positive sense.

7

Modeling and numerical simulation of eddy current sensors for electromagnetic characterization of fluids

Miloudi Khaled, Moulai Hocine, Azizi Hakim

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 10

88--92

EN

This work aims to model a device enabling a useful and accurate electromagnetic characterization of fluids. The device developed is based on a non destructive testing (NDT) control technique evolving the eddy currents induced in the fluid to be characterized. The finite element method was used in the modeling to determine the conductivity of the fluid from the induced eddy current. In addition, an experimental device has been built. It consists of an absolute probe where the fluid control is made by determining its electrical conductivity by measuring the variations of the fluid impedance as a function of the applied voltage frequency. Good agreements are found between modeling results and experimental measurements. An inverse model that converges after only 7 iterations has been also proposed for the determination of the conductivity of fluids by the use of theoretical and experimental measurements.

PL

Niniejsza praca ma na celu zamodelowanie urządzenia umożliwiającego użyteczną i dokładną charakterystykę elektromagnetyczną płynów. Opracowane urządzenie opiera się na technice kontroli badań nieniszczących (NDT), która rozwija prądy wirowe indukowane w scharakteryzowanym płynie. W modelowaniu wykorzystano metodę elementów skończonych do wyznaczenia przewodności płynu z indukowanych prądów wirowych. Ponadto zbudowano eksperymentalne urządzenie. Składa się z sondy absolutnej, w której kontrola płynu odbywa się poprzez określenie jego przewodności elektrycznej poprzez pomiar zmian impedancji płynu w funkcji przyłożonej częstotliwości napięcia. Stwierdzono dobrą zgodność między wynikami modelowania a pomiarami eksperymentalnymi. Zaproponowano również model odwrotny, który zbiega się już po 7 iteracjach, do wyznaczania przewodnictwa płynów za pomocą pomiarów teoretycznych i eksperymentalnych.

8

Numerical failure analysis of laminated beams using a refined finite element model

Layachi Maroua, Khechai Abdelhak, Ghrieb Abderrahmane, Layachi Safa

Advances in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, nr 1(75)

32--57

EN

In the present investigation, laminated composite beams subjected to a bending static loading are studied in order to determine their failure mechanisms and the first ply failure (FPF) load. The FPF analysis is performed using a refined rectangular plate element. The present element is formulated based on the classical lamination theory (CLT) to calculate the in-plane stresses. To achieve this goal, several failure criterions, including Tsai-Wu, Tsai-Hill, Hashin, and Maximum Stress criteria, are used to predict failure mechanisms. These criterions are implemented within the finite element code to predict the different failure damages and responses of laminated beams from the initial loading to the final failure. The numerical results obtained using the present element compare favorably with those given by the analytic approaches. It is observed that the numerical results are very close to the analytical results, which demonstrates the accuracy of the present element. Finally, several parameters, such as fiber orientations, stacking sequences, and boundary conditions, are considered to determine and understand their effects on the strength of these laminated beams.

9

Influence of form defect on the mechanical behavior and stress intensity factor of shrink-fitted thick-walled cylinders

Boutoutaou Hamid, Chebbab Brahim, Belmessous Abdelmounaime

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 27, no. 4

40--51

EN

In this research work, the finite element software, ABAQUS is used to study by simulations the influence of form defect on mechanical behavior of a shrink-fitted assembly presenting internal radial cracks. Under the action of contact pressure induced by the tightening between two cylinders, these cracks resulting from incorrect assembly operations or materials elaboration defect, can be harmful to the assembly. Various simulations were carried out in two modeling cases, taking into account the geometric parameters of defect (amplitude Df), of cylinders (thickness t) and of cracks (length a, ratio a/t). Another important parameter such as the tightening was also considered in the modeling. The first modeling relates to the case with defect, external cylinder presents an oval (elliptical) form defect and internal radial cracks. The other concerns the perfect equivalent case (without form defect). The comparison of results obtained by two models shows that form defect modifies the uniformity of equivalent stresses distribution in cylinders and increases the value of stress intensity factor (SIF) KI in cracks. Defect amplitude and tightening significantly influence the value of equivalent stress and that of stress intensity factor (SIF) KI.

10

Study the internal cracks effect on vibration of laminated composite square plates

Hassan M.S., Rashid Z.H., Sarhan R.A.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 116, nr 1

28--33

EN

Purpose: The study of cracks behaviour in a composite plate is of significant importance in the dynamics of the Mechanical parts in order to avoid design failures due to resonance or high amplitude vibrations. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, a square glass-epoxy composite plate is adopted. The plate has four layers with symmetric and asymmetric lamination. Assuming the cracks are profound as defects. The results were obtained by using a numerical solution of mechanical APDL from ANSYS. Findings: It has been found for different boundary conditions that the rank of natural frequencies is decreased by increasing the crack ratio due to the reduction of the plate’s stiffness, whereas the crack direction has no mentioned effect for a small angle of rotation. Research limitations/implications: The accuracy of results is verified by comparing a single case of the current work with other previous investigations. value: Evaluate the influence of the crack length ratio, angle of the crack rotation, boundary conditions and lamination angles on the natural frequencies of the square composite plate with glass-epoxy materials.

11

Post buckling resistance reserve of corrugated girders with support stiffeners

Basiński Witold

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 4

513--536

EN

The analysis of web-corrugated and trapezoidal profiled web girders focuses on the description of buckling resistance, possibly the ultimate resistance neglecting the post-buckling resistance reserve of girders. The problem is still the post-buckling resistance reserve and its possible application in practice. For this purpose this paper presents the analysis of tests on shear resistance of the corrugated web of SIN girders with the support stiffeners in the pre- and post-buckling zones. There are also presented values of the post-buckling resistance zone and the mutual relationships between pre- and post-buckling resistance zones. Values of these zones are related to optimization of the web-corrugated girders, which consists in enlarging the zone of pre-critical resistance and balancing between shear resistance and bending resistance. The experimental tests were performed on 20 girders with the following web depth: 500, 1000, 1250, and 1500 mm, composed of three pre-assembled units. The girders with a simply supported beam system and a simply supported beam with a single cantilever were made of pre-assembled units joined by means of high strength preloaded bolts. The numerical analysis by FEM was conducted for the models with web depth from hw = 500 to 1500 mm at the full range of web thickness 2,0; 2,5, and 3 mm. The tests showed that stiffness of the support stiffeners in the web-corrugated girders had an impact on the size of pre- and post-buckling resistance zones, which consequently reduced the zone of post-buckling resistance. Because the initiated loss of stability of the corrugated-web girders is an irreversible and rapid process, and the resulting displacements in the non-linear area are permanent, the application of the post-buckling resistance zone in practice can be troublesome. From the standpoint of the structural reliability, however, the post-buckling zone provides a yield delay, i.e. it may be regarded as a safety margin. Therefore, its most possible reduction is required.

PL

Analiza dźwigarów o faliście wyprofilowanym środniku jak i środniku trapezowym koncentruje się na opisie nośności krytycznej, ewentualnie nośności granicznej pomijając przedział nośności nadkrytycznej dźwigarów. Problemem otwartym pozostaje zatem przedział nośności nadkrytycznej i jego możliwość wykorzystania w praktyce. W tym celu w niniejszej pracy przedstawiono analizę badań nośności postaciowej falistego środnika dźwigarów SIN z żebrami podporowymi w zakresie do i pokrytycznym. Badania doświadczalne przeprowadzono na dwudziestu dźwigarach o wysokości środnika 500, 1000, 1250 i 1500 mm złożonych z trzech elementów wysyłkowych. Dźwigary o schemacie statycznym belki swobodnie podpartej oraz belki swobodnie podpartej z jednostronnym wspornikiem zbudowano z elementów wysyłkowych połączonych doczołowo na śruby sprężone. Z kolei analizę numeryczną FEM przeprowadzono na modelach o wysokościach środnika od hw = 500 do 1500 mm przy pełnym zakresie grubości środnika 2.0; 2.5 i 3 mm. W celu określenia początku niestateczności falistego środnika przeanalizowano przebiegi odkształceń na ukośnych tensometrach naklejonych na środniku. Tensometry naklejono w postaci rozety na kierunku spodziewanych największych odkształceń. Kąt pomiędzy tensometrami w rozetach wynosił 120°. Na podstawie charakteru wykresów odkształceń określono punkt początkowy utraty stateczności falistego środnika, wiążąc z nim obciążenie krytyczne PeB, które przyjęto w punkcie utraty liniowego charakteru zależności obciążenia od odkształcenia P(ε). Analizując proces utraty stateczności falistego środnika rozróżniono zniszczenie dźwigarów niskich o hw = 500 mm i wysokich od hw = 1000 mm przyporządkowując im punkty utraty stateczności rozgraniczające obszar dokrytyczny oraz nadkrytyczny. W przypadku dźwigarów niskich o wysokości środnika 500 mm z żebrami podporowymi opisano lokalny proces zniszczenia środnika. Z koeli w przypadku dźwigarów o wysokości środnika od hw = 1000 mm stwierdzono wzajemne powiązanie lokalnej oraz globalnej postaci zniszczenia prowadzące do ich interakcji. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań wykazano, że w dźwigarach o falistym środniku występuje wpływ sztywności żeber podporowych na wielkość przedziałów do i nadkrytycznego, prowadząc do redukcji przedziału nadkrytycznego nośności dźwigarów. W dźwigarach o falistym środniku przedział nadkrytyczny jest przedziałem zarówno odkształceń jak i przemieszczeń nieliniowych środnika. Stwierdzono, że nie nadaje się jednak do wykorzystania w eksploatacji, gdyż zapoczątkowany proces utraty stateczności jest nieodwracalny oraz gwałtowny, a powstałe przemieszczenia w obszarze nieliniowym są trwałe. Stanowi natomiast z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa zabezpieczenie przed katastrofą w postaci przystanku plastycznego. Zapas nośności dźwigarów o falistym środniku wyniósł wg badań doświadczalnych od 19% do 21% w dźwigarach z podporowym żebrem podatnym oraz od 8% do 21% w dźwigarach z podporowym żebrem sztywnym. W przypadku analizy numerycznej był nieco mniejszy i oscylował w przedziale od 8% do 9% w dźwigarach z podporowym żebrem podatnym oraz od 3% do 9% w dźwigarach z żebrem podporowym usztywnionym. Oszacowanie nadwyżki nośności dźwigarów o falistym środniku dało odpowiedź o możliwościach zwiększania nośności dokrytycznej w drodze optymalizacji konstrukcji, np. poprzez zastosowanie usztywnionych żeber podporowych, czy też możliwych przekątnych żeber rozciąganych.

12

Application of the generalized nonlinear constitutive law in numerical analysis of hollow-core slabs

Staszak Natalia, Garbowski Tomasz, Ksit Barbara

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 2

125--145

EN

The non-linear analysis of hollow-core concrete slabs requires the use of advanced numerical techniques, proper constitutive models both for concrete and steel as well as particular computational skills. If prestressing, cracking, crack opening, material softening, etc. are also to be taken into account, then the computational task can far exceed the capabilities of an ordinary engineer. In order for the calculations to be carried out in a traditional design office, simplified calculation methods are needed. They should be based on the linear finite element (FE) method with a simple approach that takes into account material nonlinearities. In this paper the simplified analysis of hollow-core slabs based on the generalized nonlinear constitutive law is presented. In the proposed method a simple decomposition of the traditional iterative linear finite element analysis and the non-linear algebraic analysis of the plate cross-section is used. Through independent analysis of the plate cross-section in different deformation states, a degraded plate stiffness can be obtained, which allows for iterative update of displacements and rotations in the nodes of the FE model. Which in turn allows to update the deformation state and then correct translations and rotations in the nodes again. The results obtained from the full detailed 3D nonlinear FEM model and from the proposed approach are compared for different slab cross-sections. The obtained results from both models are consistent.

PL

Nieliniowa analiza kanałowych płyt stropowych wymaga zastosowania zaawansowanych technik numerycznych, odpowiednich modeli konstytutywnych zarówno dla betonu jak i stali oraz konieczności posiadania odpowiednich umiejętności obliczeniowych. W przypadku nieliniowych analiz należy wziąć pod uwagę również sprężenie, pękanie, rysy, zmiękczenie materiału itp., co powoduje że zadanie obliczeniowe może znacznie przekroczyć możliwości zwykłego inżyniera. W celu wykonania obliczeń w tradycyjnym biurze projektowym potrzebne są uproszczone metody obliczeń. Najlepiej w oparciu o liniową metodę elementów skończonych (MES) z prostym podejściem uwzględniającym nieliniowości materiałowe. W artykule przedstawiono uproszczoną analizę kanałowych płyt w oparciu o uogólnione prawo konstytutywne. W proponowanej metodzie prosty rozkład tradycyjnej iteracyjnej liniowej analizy elementów skończonych oraz nieliniowej analizy algebraicznej przekroju poprzecznego płyty. Poprzez niezależną analizę przekroju płyty w różnych stanach odkształcenia, można uzyskać zdegradowaną sztywność płyty, co pozwala na iteracyjną aktualizację przemieszczeń oraz obrotów w węzłach modelu MES. To z kolei pozwala zaktualizować stan deformacji, a następnie skorygować translacje i obroty w węzach jeszcze raz. Proponowana tutaj metoda ma zastosowanie do analizy betonu zbrojonego cięgnami oraz sprężonych płyt kanałowych. Wyniki uzyskane z pełnego szczegółowego nieliniowego modelu 3D MES oraz z proponowanego podejścia są porównywane dla różnych przekrojów płyt. Uzyskane wyniki dają dobrą zbieżność.

13

Cyclic performance and shear resistance design of asymmetric diagonal stiffened beam-only-connected corrugated steel plate shear walls

Zheng Hong, Zhang Zhibin, Jiang Liqiang, Hu Yi, Wang Wei

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 4

art. no. e183, 2022

EN

The corrugated plate steel shear walls (CSPWs) are widely used as lateral force resistant members in high-rise buildings. However, buckling failure still easily occurred on corrugated steel plates subjected to earthquake loads, which is not good for the energy dissipation of structures. In this paper, the asymmetric diagonal stiffened beam-only-connected corrugated steel plate shear wall (ASW) is proposed. A test-validated FE modeling method is used to investigate the seismic performance of ASW, and the results are compared with the results of unstiffened corrugated steel plate shear wall (USW). Then parametric studies on the height-to-thickness ratio, wavelength, wave height of the corrugated plate and width-to-thickness ratio of the stiffeners are performed to investigate their effects on the seismic performance of ASW. Finally, a simplified theoretical model is developed to calculate the shear resistance of ASW, and the results are validated by tests and FE results. The results show that: (1) compared to the USW, the yield load and ultimate load of ASW increase 11.7% and 13.2%, respectively; (2) the theoretical calculation results are basically consistent with the FE and test results, and the errors between them are within ± 15%. These results can be used for seismic enhancement of CSPWs and seismic design of ASW.

14

A parametric analysis of free vibration and bending behavior of sandwich beam containing an open-cell metal foam core

Garg A., Chalak H. D., Belarbi M. O., Zenkour A. M.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 1

art. no. e56, 2022

EN

Free vibration and bending behavior of sandwich beams containing open-cell metal foam core are studied in the present work using zigzag theory. Hamilton’s principle and the principle of minimum potential energy are applied for determining the governing equations for free vibration and bending behavior, respectively. Three types of distribution of pores are used during the present study. The influence of the distribution of pores, end condition, thickness of the core, foam coefficients on beam behavior is studied in detail. The face sheets are assumed to be made up of the same material like foam. It was noticed that the nature of the distribution of pores and the end conditions widely determine the behavior of the beam.

15

L ∞-error estimates of a finite element method for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations with nonlinear source terms with mixed boundary condition

Miloudi Madjda, Saadi Samira, Haiour Mohamed

Demonstratio Mathematica

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2021

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Vol. 54, nr 1

452--461

EN

In this paper, we introduce a new method to analyze the convergence of the standard finite element method for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation with noncoercive operators with nonlinear source terms with the mixed boundary conditions. The method consists of combining Bensoussan-Lions algorithm with the characterization of the solution, in both the continuous and discrete contexts, as fixed point of contraction. Optimal error estimates are then derived, first between the continuous algorithm and its finite element counterpart and then between the continuous solution and the approximate solution.

16

Experimental and numerical evaluation of quasi-static indentation behaviour of laminates with polypropylene matrix

Mahdad M’hamed, Benidir Adel, Belaidi Idir

Composites Theory and Practice

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2021

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R. 21, nr 4

127--134

EN

This paper presents an analysis of the damage process of composite laminates subjected to low-velocity quasi-static indentation (QSI) load. The laminates were prepared using the compression moulding technique. The composites were made from orthotropic layers with E-glass or steel fibres and a polypropylene matrix. The quasi-static indentation tests were carried out at three levels of indentation energy under low-velocity. The experimental results reveal that using steel fibres increases the perforation threshold, which alludes to the importance of the fibre type in delineating damage regions. In contrast, the evolution of the damage and the perforation resistance of glass fibre reinforced laminates is somewhat different. A numerical model based on a finite element program was developed to understand the mechanisms of damage evolution in the laminates. It involves implementing the Matzenmiller-Lubliner-Taylor (MLT) damage model. A comparison between the experimental and numerical results was also made.

17

Numerical analysis based on finite element method of active vibration control of a sandwich plate using piezoelectric patches

Serhane Hanane, Bendine Kouider, Boukhoulda Farouk Benallel, Lousdad Abdelkader

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 24, nr 1

7--16

EN

An active method of vibration control of a smart sandwich plate (SSP) using discrete piezoelectric patches is investigated. In order to actively control the SSP vibration, the plate is equipped with three piezoelectric patches that act as actuators. Based on the classical plate theory, a finite element model with the contributions of piezoelectric sensor and actuator patches on the mass and stiffness of the sandwich plate was developed to derive the state space equation. LQR control algorithm is used in order to actively control the SSP vibration. The accuracy of the present model is tested in transient and harmonic loads. The applied piezoelectric actuator provides a damping effect on the SSP vibration. The amplitudes of vibrations and the damping timewere significantly reducedwhen the control is ON.

18

Numerical simulation of plastic deformation in direct-drive friction welding of AISI 4140 and ASTM A106 steel tubes

Khosrowshahi J. Hashemi, Sadeghi M. H., Rasti A.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, no. 4

268--280

EN

Direct-drive friction welding of ASTM A106 and AISI 4140 steel tubes has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. A remeshing technique was implemented to accurately simulate highly distorted flashes during the FE simulation. The results revealed that the circumferential thermal expansion led to a higher contact pressure at the inner diameter of the interface and consequently, inner flashes were formed up to 18% larger than the outer ones. The maximum temperature was also located at the outer diameter of the interface in the first moments of the process, then it moved towards the center of the section where there was a balance between the higher slipping rate at the outer section and greater pressure at the inner section of the joint. Validation tests showed the capability of the FE model in terms of temperature, flash cross-section, and axial shortening with the maximum difference of 18.6%.

19

Numerical validation of drilling of Al6061-T6 with experimental data

Elango Prashant, Marimuthu K. Prakash

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 23, nr 1

287--290

EN

Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a circular profile in workpiece. Forces acting on the drill bit reduce its life expectance. Analysis of forces acting on the drill bit during drilling prevents the tool from failing prematurely because of wear and excess feed rate. Excess feed rate can induce excessive internal stress on both the tool and workpiece. This paper aims to study the effects of reaction force acting on a drill bit during drilling of Al6061-T6. A numerical finite element simulation study is performed with commercially available software called Abaqus. Simulation results depend on the right choice of material property such as Johnson-Cook material property and Johnson-Cook damage property. Validation of material property is achieved by comparison of experimental results with simulative results. Reaction force acting against the drill bit during drilling is compared.

20

Podstawy tomografii grawitacyjnej w układzie współrzędnych ortogonalnych

Bednarek S.

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2018

|

R. 90, nr 10

11--12

PL

Opisana została metoda wyznaczania rozkładu przestrzennego gęstości mas w badanym obszarze na podstawie pomiarów grawimetrycznych. W tym celu obszar został podzielony na jednakowe sześcienne elementy. W metodzie tej zastosowano algebrę wektorową, równania liniowe i rachunek macierzowy.

EN

The method to estimation of a density distribution based on gravity measurements is described in this article. For the aim investigated area is divided into identical cubic elements. Vector algebra, linear equations and matrix calculations are applied in the described method.