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1

Effect of Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on the Release of Phenylacetaldehyde from Chitosan Matrix

Benmerad Fethia, Benguergoura Hassiba, Rahal Soufianel, Aouak Taieb

Green Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 27, nr 4

34--45

EN

To investigate the effect of Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on the extended release of Phenylacetalde-hyde, considered as a prototype of drug with aldehyde function, tow series of chitosan (CS) based systems were prepared; graft compolymers Chitosan-Phenylacetaldehyde–graft-poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) [CSPhAcAl-graft-PHEMA] with various PhAcAL ratios, and blends consisting of Chitosan-phenylacetaldehyde/Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) [CSPhAcAl/PHEMA] with different PHEMA. PhAcAl was covalently attached to chitosan CS via Schiff base reaction assisted by pervaporation. FTIR and 1HNMR analyses confirmed chitosan Schiff base formation and its graft copolymerization with PHEMA, while distribution of PhAcAl within the copolymer matrix was examined using XRD and DSC analysis. Both systems exhibited pH-responsive swelling, however, significant differences were observed in their release behavior. CSPhAcAl/PHEMA systems with 3.74 and 8.98 wt% of PhAcAl content demonstrated the highest performance at pH 7. The release kinetics of the grafted systems followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi models, suggesting a Fickian diffusion-controlled mechanism. In contrast, blended systems demonstrated mixed behavior.

2

Novel antioxidant materials based on polysaccharides containing resveratrol and syringic acid

Kulka-Kamińska Karolina, Kurzawa Marzanna, Sionkowska Alina

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2025

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vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 6

EN

Polysaccharides offer exceptional advantages for biomedical applications due to their natural biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of immune response. By incorporating active ingredients, researchers can tailor these materials’ properties for specific uses. This study focused on developing enhanced biodegradable films using chitosan and konjac glucomannan as base materials, enriched with two natural antioxidants: resveratrol and syringic acid. Films containing these antioxidants at two different concentrations (10% and 20% were obtained and thoroughly characterized using multiple analytical techniques. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of the active compounds, while scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed homogeneous surfaces with slightly increased roughness due to the additives. The antioxidant-enriched films demonstrated significant improvements in several properties. Most importantly, they showed strong antioxidant activity, with resveratrol and syringic acid working synergistically to enhance radical scavenging capabilities. The 20% concentration films exhibited markedly improved wettability, while mechanical properties were enhanced compared to the pure polymer blend. Although moisture vapor transmission decreased with the additives, this actually represents a beneficial barrier property for many applications. The films’ swelling behavior proved particularly interesting, showing high swelling capacity at physiological pH (7.4) but significantly lower swelling at acidic pH (5.5). This pH-responsive behavior, combined with enhanced antioxidant properties, makes these materials especially promising for medical applications such as wound dressings. The obtained antioxidant-enhanced biopolymer films hold considerable potential in multiple industries, including medical devices, cosmetics, food products, and packaging applications. With further biological testing, these materials could advance wound care treatments by providing protective barrier functions and therapeutic antioxidant benefits.

3

Chitosan-based films with selected moisturizing additives

Kaczmarek-Szczepańska Beata, Glajc Patrycja, Zasada Lidia

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2025

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vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 9

EN

This study presents the development and characterization of thin films based on chitosan, modified with selected moisturizing additives, including hyaluronic acid, snail mucus extract, natural moisturizing factor (NMF), and gluconolactone, chosen for their common application in skin care products. Chitosan was dissolved in 0.1 M acetic acid to prepare a 1% w/v solution, and each additive was incorporated at 10% w/w relative to the chitosan content, both individually and in combination. The resulting mixtures were cast and dried under ambient conditions to form flexible films. Comprehensive characterization was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, and mechanical testing. The results revealed significant differences in chemical interactions, surface morphology, wettability, and mechanical behavior depending on the additive used. Notably, the formulation combining all moisturizing agents exhibited the most favorable balance of mechanical strength, flexibility, and hydration-related surface characteristics. FTIR spectra indicated molecular-level interactions between chitosan and the additives, particularly through hydrogen bonding. AFM analysis showed variations in surface roughness, while contact angle measurements highlighted changes in surface energy and hydrophilicity. These findings indicate that the modified chitosan films are promising candidates for innovative, sustainable dermatological and cosmetic applications, especially for effective skin hydration and use in skin care products.

4

Chitosan films with quercetin for skin applications

Kurzawa Marzanna, Lewandowska Katarzyna, Sionkowska Alina

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2025

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vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 4

EN

The release of active compounds is widely studied for both biomedical and cosmetic applications. Special attention is paid to the delivery of antioxidative compounds, which act as antiaging agents and thus protect the skin and help in the wound healing process. This paper presents the results regarding the fabrication of chitosan-based films for the release of quercetin. Chitosan was modified by introducing a small amount of hyaluronic acid, and then quercetin was added. Thin polymeric films were fabricated using the solution casting method. The obtained films were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Surface properties have been studied using an AFM microscope. The roughness of the films was changed after the addition of hyaluronic acid and quercetin to the chitosan films. HPLC was used to analyze the release of quercetin from the polymer film. The maximum release of quercetin was found after 20 min at pH 5.5, which is the pH of normal human skin. The average percentage of the release of quercetin from the films based on chitosan was 21.62 ± 0.50%, whereas from the chitosan/ hyaluronic acid film, it was 27.07 ± 1.96%. The results suggest that the proposed films with incorporated quercetin show potential as materials for wound healing and beauty masks due to their antioxidative properties.

5

Chitosan films incorporated with mastic oil for potential application in biomaterials: Physicochemical characterization

Brudzyńska Patrycja, Sionkowska Alina

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2025

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vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 10

EN

Chitosan is applied for novel and multifunctional biomaterials development. To enhance physicochemical and biological properties, as well as to improve the functionality of chitosan-based materials, multiple natural products are incorporated, such as essential oils. Essential oils with therapeutic potential can also be extracted from natural resins. Mastic gum, a soft resin collected mainly from Pistacia lentiscus, is a source of mastic oil, which is characterized by antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer activities, and wound healing properties. The purpose of the study was to prepare and physicochemically characterize chitosan films enriched with mastic oil and polysorbate 80 as an emulsifier. FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate chemical structure. Mechanical properties, swelling degree, and contact angle were also investigated. The effect of mastic oil and emulsifier on the properties of chitosan films was observed. Modified films incorporated with various concentrations of mastic oil were characterized by the hydrophilic surface, increased tensile strength, and elongation at break, thus greater flexibility as well as swelling capacity and stability in phosphate-buffered saline. These features might be an advantage in terms of material fabrication intended for biomedical applications, for example, wound healing. Chitosan and mastic oil might be a promising combination for use in biomaterials.

6

Surface modification of 316L SS by Nano Chitosan-YSZ Duplex Coatings for Dental Applications

Sellappan Mohandoss, Vasumathi V., Sangeetha V. O., Venkatachalapathy B., Sridhar T. M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2025

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Vol. 70, iss. 1

21--28

EN

The development and characterization of nanochitosan-YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) duplex coatings on 316L stainless steel using a dual method for dental applications are the focus of this study. Dental implants have long been integral to restoring oral health, but the high cost of noble material-based implants limits their accessibility to many individuals. As a solution, this research explores the use of innovative materials and techniques to create cost-effective yet biocompatible dental implants. The study involves a dual coating method that combines electrophoretic deposition and dip coating to create a robust and adherent duplex coating. Nanochitosan, a biopolymer, and YSZ, known for its excellent cell adhesion properties, form the basis of the coating material. The characterization of the duplex coatings includes various analytical techniques to assess their physical and chemical properties. This research aims to enhance the long-term stability and functionality of dental implants, making them more affordable and accessible to a wider range of patients, thereby contributing to improved dental health and quality of life.

7

Influence of applied coating time on nano hydroxyapatite/ chitosan coating on 316L stainless steel alloy using electrophoretic deposition for biomedical application

Hazber Aya Muhsun, Jassim Ayad Naseef, Gattmah Jabbar Qassim, Kutm Jaber Kasem, Poorsalehi Fatemeh

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 5

1--13

EN

In this work, an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method was utilized to cover a biocompatible stainless steel medical grid type 316L with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (HA). ln conjunction with the biopolymer chitosan (CHT), as a binder, it enhances the adhesive capabilities of a substrate. The chosen bio-coating method is the EPD process of 316L Stainless Steel alloy due to its ease of use, low cost, and capacity to coat intricate items. Consequently, this research studied different concentrations of the materials utilized, the most significant variables, and their effects in order to acquire the optimal attributes for the coating layer, using voltage applied and deposition time. The coating periods were 2, 4 and 6 minutes, and the concentrations were 4, 7 and 10 g/L, while the voltages were modulated between 20, 40, and 60 volts. In spite of the fact that the metallic medical applications and bone replacement have made substantial and fruitful progress, difficulties still persist. The coating procedures have a significant impact on how well the composite materials work in the biological devices. To improve the properties of composites used in biomedicine, coating them is an essential step. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the deposited coatings, and the Zeta potential for suspensions was computed.

8

Chitosan/Arabic gum/ZnO bionanocomposite as a novel antibacterial agent

Safaei Mohsen, Salmani Mobarakeh, Azizi Bahram, Shoohanizad Ehsan, Ling Shing Wong, Nikkerdar Nafiseh

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 6

362--370

EN

The synthesis conditions of chitosan/Arabic gum /zinc oxide nanocomposite were optimized using the Taguchi method to obtain antibacterial properties. FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, UV/VIS and TGA techniques were used to characterize the nanocomposite. Nanocomposite C3 (1 mg/mL chitosan, 4.5 mg/mL Arabic gum and 8 mg/mL zinc oxide), C7 (3 mg/mL chitosan, 5.1 mg/mL Arabic gum and 8 mg/mL zinc oxide) and C9 (3 mg/mL chitosan, 4.5 mg/mL Arabic gum and 4 mg/mL zinc oxide) had the best antibacterial properties against S. mutans. TGA showed that ZnO improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposite. Such materials can be used as antibacterial agents.

PL

Przy użyciu metody Taguchi zoptymalizowano warunki syntezy nanokompozytu chitozan/guma arabska/tlenek cynku umożliwiające uzyskanie właściwości antybakteryjnych. Do scharakteryzowania nanokompozytu zastosowano techniki FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, UV/VIS i TGA. Nanokompozyt C3 (1 mg/mL chitozanu, 4,5 mg/mL gumy arabskiej i 8 mg/mL tlenku cynku), C7 (3 mg/mL chitozanu, 5,1 mg/mL gumy arabskiej i 8 mg/mL tlenku cynku) i C9 (3 mg/mL chitozanu, 4,5 mg/mL gumy arabskiej i 4 mg/mL tlenku cynku) miał najlepsze właściwości antybakteryjne wobec S. mutans. Metodą TGA wykazano, że ZnO poprawia stabilność termiczną nanokompozytu. Tego typu materiały mogą być stosowane jako środki antybakteryjne.

9

Chitosan with the addition of zeolite and ZnO nanoparticles as a new antibacterial agent

Safaei Mohsen, Mobarakeh Mohammad Salmani, Mozaffari Hamid Reza, Wong Ling Shing, Fallahnia Nima

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 10

559--567

EN

Chitosan/zeolite/ZnO nanocomposites with different contents of components were obtained using the Taguchi method. Based on the conducted studies, optimal conditions for the synthesis of the nanocomposite (7.5 mg/mL chitosan, 0.2 mg/mL zeolite and 9 mg/mL ZnO) with the best antibacterial properties (no growth of S. mutans) were established. Spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal, and antibacterial methods were used to characterize the nanocomposite and its components in relation to S. mutans biofilm. The chitosan/zeolite/ZnO nanocomposite can be used as an effective antibacterial compound in various applications due to its structural and antibacterial properties.

PL

Metodą Taguchi otrzymano nanokompozyty chitozan/zeolit/ZnO o różnej zawartości chitozanu, zeolitu i ZnO. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ustalono optymalne warunki syntezy nanokompozytu (7,5 mg/mL chitozanu, 0,2 mg/mL zeolitu i 9 mg/mL ZnO) o najlepszych właściwościach przeciwbakteryjnych (brak wzrostu bakterii S. mutans). Do scharakteryzowania nanokompozytu i jego składników w odniesieniu do biofilmu S. mutans zastosowano metody spektroskopowe, mikroskopowe, termiczne i przeciwbakteryjne. Nanokompozyt chitozan/zeolit/ZnO może być stosowany jako skuteczny związek antybakteryjny w różnych zastosowaniach ze względu na swoją strukturalne i właściwości antybakteryjne.

10

Sugar Palm Starch/Chitosan Bionanocomposite Films Incorporated with Anthocyanin and Curcumin – Thermal Properties and Release Kinetics

Rachmina Rachmina, Hasan Muhammad, Hasanah Uswatun, Halim Abdul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

300--308

EN

The packaging industry responding to growing consumer demands for product safety, seeks active packaging that allows controlled antioxidant release through incorporating anthocyanin, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, and other polyphenolic compounds to enhance functional properties of the film antimicrobial interfacial interaction. The research focuses on exploring the impact of adding curcumin and anthocyanin to sugar palm starch/chitosan bionanocomposite films, specifically examining the release kinetics of these bioactive compounds. The biocomposite film with added curcumin exhibits a smoother surface compared to the anthocyanin-based film. Although the thermal stability of the CH/SPS matrix remains unaffected by the addition of anthocyanin and curcumin, the inclusion of these compounds significantly reduces the melting enthalpy of the CH/SPS matrix. Specifically, the addition of curcumin decreases it from 142.96 J/g to 23.43 J/g, and the addition of anthocyanin reduces it to 33.22 J/g. Anthocyanin release from the CH/SPS matrix into water conforms to the Kosmeye-Peppas model (R2 = 0.9808, n = 0.1177), while the release kinetics of curcumin compounds adhere to the Higuchi model (R2 = 0.9968). These findings provide advantageous insights that potentially have implications for a variety of applications, particularly in areas such as sustainable food packaging.

11

Recyclable and Reusable Catalyst of Chitosan-Modified MgAl-Layered Double Hydroxide for Biodiesel Production

Fatimah Is, Yuliyanti, Hayati Catur, Fikriyah Aviyatul, Kamari Azlan Bin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 12

136--145

EN

Study of chitosan modification to MgAl-LDH to increase surface basicity for improving biodiesel production from palm oil has been performed. Modification was conducted by chitosan gel impregnation onto prepared MgAl-LDH. Furthermore, the physicochemical character of material was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, gas sorption analysis, and determination of solid basicity. The XRD, specific surface area, pore distribution, and TEM analyses confirmed the reduced specific surface area due to the exfoliated LDH conformation. However, the increased surface basicity aroused from the modification leads to improved catalytic activity and yield. The maximum biodiesel yield of 92.8 % was achieved by the methanol to oil ratio of 10:1 at 90°C for 2 h. The prominent reusability until the 5th cycle of usage without significant activity change is a potency for advocating the suitability of the low-cost catalysis technology for commercial biodiesel production.

12

Comparative study on the adsorption of lead ions by kaolin loaded chitosan by different modification methods

Zhang Shuqin, Boyue Yuan, Liu Yi, Zhang Kening, Ren Dajun, Zhang Xiaoqing

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 1

27--41

EN

The adsorption effect of two modified kaolin-chitosan composites prepared by different modification methods (cross-linking method (GL-CS) and click reaction method (TGL-CS) on lead ion wastewater was studied. The structure of TGL-CS has a denser pore structure than that of GL-CS, and the distribution of adsorption sites is more uniform. At 25 °C, pH 4, the adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/dm3, reaction time of 4 h, and initial mass concentration of 150 mg/dm3, TGL-CS had the best effect on Pb2+ wastewater treatment, and the adsorption capacity was 76.159 mg/g. The adsorption studies of kinetic, thermodynamic, and thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption on GL-CS and TGL-CS was best described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism is mainly chemical adsorption. The adsorption process is spontaneous. These results show that the adsorbent prepared by click reaction has obvious advantages, with more adsorption capacity and adsorption sites, faster adsorption rate, and better application potential.

13

Preparation and comprehensive characterization of chitosan-based films enhanced with ferulic acid

Zasada Lidia, Chmielniak Dorota, Gwizdalska Klaudia, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska Beata

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2024

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vol. 27, no. 172

art. no. 08

EN

This study explores the development and detailed characterization of chitosan-based films enhanced with ferulic acid to improve their properties for biomedical, environmental, and packaging applications. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, exhibits valuable attributes such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties. However, it requires modifications to overcome limitations in mechanical strength, water permeability, and antioxidant properties. Ferulic acid, a phenolic compound, was incorporated into chitosan films at varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%) to investigate its influence on film properties. The films were characterized through FTIR to confirm interactions between ferulic acid and chitosan, resulting in enhanced mechanical flexibility, thermal stability, and water resistance. Mechanical tests indicated that ferulic acid improved film flexibility while maintaining tensile strength, making it suitable for flexible packaging and wound dressings. Additionally, water vapour permeability and swelling tests suggested potential improvements in moisture control. Optical assessments showed increased whiteness and reduced colour variability, highlighting the aesthetic and protective advantages of ferulic acid-enriched films. These findings suggest that ferulic acid-modified chitosan films can serve as multifunctional biomaterials, addressing the growing demand for sustainable, high-performance materials in various industries. Further research on biological properties is recommended to fully establish their applicability in biomedicine and environmentally sensitive applications.

14

Design and characterization of chitosan and chitosan/PVA microbeads for gallic acid delivery

Pawlak-Likus Zuzanna, Domalik-Pyzik Patrycja

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2024

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vol. 27, no. 172

art. no. 10

EN

Tissue engineering enables the development of tissues and organs that closely replicate physiological dimensions and functions. This field aims to address challenges related to organ transplantation, regenerative medicine, and the treatment of damaged tissues by designing biomaterials that can support cellular growth and tissue repair. One of the most important aspects of tissue engineering is the development of advanced delivery systems for drugs and active substances, which play a critical role in promoting regeneration. Controlled release, stability, and compatibility with the engineered environment are crucial parameters for these systems, as they influence the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic applications. In this study, microbeads for active compounds delivery were designed using two materials: a chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (9:1 CS:PVA) polymer blend and pure chitosan modified with a polyphenolic compound, gallic acid. The physicochemical properties of the obtained microspheres, such as swelling ratio, microstructure, wettability, and active compound release, were analysed. The 9:1 CS:PVA+GA composite demonstrated the most promising characteristics as an active substance carrier, particularly due to its favourable release profile. These results suggest that this material could be an effective drug delivery system that offers controlled and sustained release of therapeutic agents. Further research, especially investigating the biological properties of these materials, is needed to fully confirm their suitability for practical applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.

15

Study and Characterization of Biofoam From Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) with Chitosan Addition

Rismawati Rismawati, Taba Paulina, Fahruddin Fahruddin

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 7

11--21

EN

The increase in styrofoam waste can cause environmental pollution, therefore efforts are required to reduce the use of styrofoam. One of them is by replacing it with biofoam made from agricultural industry waste such as bagasse because if this garbage is not used, it may cause environmental issues. Bagasse has a potential to be utilized as biofoam. This research aims to extract cellulose from bagasse through delignification and bleaching processes, as well as synthesize and characterize biofoam using cellulose from bagasse with the addition of chitosan variations of 2, 3.5, 5, and 6.5 g. The stages of this research are the extraction of cellulose from bagasse waste with FTIR and XRD analysis, making biofoam and biofoam characterization tests. The results of cellulose extraction from bagasse are O-H, C-H and C-O functional groups that indicate the presence of cellulose. In XRD analysis, the cellulose sample has a crystallinity index of 70.74%. Biofoam based on sugarcane bagasse cellulose with the addition of 2 g chitosan has the best characterization, which has a density of 1.23 g/mL, with a water absorption value of 46.03% at 24 hours immersion and biodegradability of 20.68% for 28 days.

16

Simultaneous Adsorption of Rare Earth Metal Ions on Chitosan-Coated Fumed Silica – Characterization, Kinetics, and Isotherm Studies

Aziz Nurul Amirah Abd, Hir Zul Adlan Mohd, Khalir Wan Khaima Azira Wan Mat, Al-Amrani Waheeba Ahmed, Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 6

172--187

EN

The present study manufactured and utilized the chitosan-coated fumed silica composite (CS@silica) for simultaneous adsorption of rare earth elements (REEs) of Ce(III), La(III), and Nd(III) cations in an aqueous solution. The CS@silica composite underwent characterization using a CHNOS analyzer, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectrophotometer, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer. The findings indicated that the CS@silica composite exhibited a lack of pores and possessed a specific surface area of 1.27 m2 /g. Additionally, it was observed that the composite contained a significant amount of oxygen and nitrogen atoms, which serve as the active sites for the adsorption of REEs. The maximum adsorption capacities of Ce(III), La(III), and Nd(III) cations were determined under optimal experimental conditions. These parameters included a pH of 4, an adsorbent dose of 0.01 g, and an equilibrium duration of 20 min. The maximum adsorption capacities for Ce(III), La(III), and Nd(III) cations were found to be 341, 241, and 299 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The desorption percentage of REEs-loaded CS@silica composite was significantly low when exposed to deionized water and hydrochloric acid (0.01 and 0.02 M). This suggests that there is a chemical interaction between the REEs and the active site on the surface of the composite. The predominant adsorption process proposed was complexation, with ion exchange and electrostatic contact playing a minor role. The CS@silica composite is highly promising for the recovery of REEs because of its rapid adsorption and high adsorption capacities.

17

Removal of Copper, Cadmium, and Lead Ions by Adsorption Method using Chitosan from Fish Scales and its Application in Laboratory Wastewater Treatment

Bahrin David, Agustina Tuty Emilia, Arita Susila, Melwita Elda, Apriani Lisa, Nurhasanah Fitri Indriani, Wijayanti Maria Siswi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 10

126--133

EN

Higher education requires learning in the form of practice and research which is often carried out in the laboratories. The research completed in the laboratory usually produces wastewater which not only has a high organic content, but also contains heavy metal ions, such as copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). These heavy metal ions will harm the environment when directly disposed of without being treated first. One of methods to reduce the level of heavy metal ions in laboratory wastewater is adsorption using chitosan. Therefore, this research was focused on removal heavy metal ions in laboratory wastewater by adsorption method using a chitosan derived from fish scales. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of pH on the removal of Cu, Cd, and Pb ions in the treatment of synthetic wastewater using chitosan. The effect of chitosan dose on the treatment of laboratory wastewater was also examined. Initially, the chitosan was applied in reducing the metal ions in synthetic wastewater. The synthetic wastewater was prepared using single-component and multi-component samples of heavy metal ions. In this study, the pH was varied from 3–7 for application of chitosan on single and multicomponent synthetic wastewater experiments. Optimum pH was produced and then used to remove the metal ions included in the laboratory wastewater sample. The chitosan dose was varied 0.5–2 g/L. As a result, the highest removal percentage for the reduction of Cu, Cd, and Pb metal ions in single-component synthetic wastewater was at pH 7. However, the highest removal percentage for the reduction of Cu, Cd, and Pb metal ions in multicomponent synthetic wastewater were found in different pH, such as Cu ions at pH 5, Cd ions at pH 7, and Pb ions at pH 3. When applied to laboratory wastewater assessments with pH of 7 and chitosan doses of 0.5–2 g/L, the highest percentage removal of Pb ions (93.75%) was reached when using chitosan dosage of 1.5 g/L; the highest percentage removal of Cu ions (28.99%) was obtained when using chitosan dosage of 2 g/L. Alas, the chitosan dose of 0.5–2 g/L did not have a significant effect on reducing the Cd ions.

18

Multifunctional sericin-chitosan-Aloe vera composite film for food packaging

Kavi Palepu, Tarangini Korumilli, Kumaravel Varuna, Rao Korukonda Jagajjanani, Wacławek Stanisław, Cheong Jun Young, Padil Vinod V.T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2024

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Vol. 31, nr 3

297--314

EN

In recent years, the demand for innovative, sustainable, and efficient food packaging solutions has surged in response to growing concerns about environmental impact, food safety, and quality preservation. A sericin-based polymer composite film with multifunctional properties shows promise as an alternative for enhancing food packaging. In this study, sericin-based composite films were prepared by incorporating Aloe vera gel, chitosan, and glycerol into a sericin solution (1.5% w/v) through facile homogenisation at 70°C, followed by casting and subsequent drying on a glass platform. The resulting dried film exhibited uniformity, a smooth texture, and successful integration of the composite components. The film demonstrated a moisture content of 21.02% and a porosity of 3.56%, with a thickness of (62.1 ± 2.3) μm. It exhibited moderate transparency with reasonable water vapour permeability. Notably, the DPPH scavenging results indicated that the film has a potent antioxidant capacity with an efficacy rate of 99.1%, supported further by a phenolic content of 11.5 mg GAE per gram of film. Controlled solute migration of components from the composite films was observed, particularly under acidic conditions. Importantly, toxicity evaluation on A549 cells revealed no adverse effects, even at higher concentrations. Due to its consistent film-forming ability, antioxidant potency, controlled migration, and safe nature, the developed sericin polymer-based film could be an effective alternative for food packaging sensitive foods, maintaining oxidative stability, reducing moisture loss, improving quality, and extending shelf life.

19

Application of fly ash/chitosan composites for heavy metal adsorption

Osmani Egzona, Dimitrievska Iva, Paunovik Perica, Atkovska Katerina, Rexhepi Fatos, Grozdanov Anita

Composites Theory and Practice

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2024

|

R. 24, nr 2

87--94

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of modified fly ash (FA) as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from polluted waters. The effectiveness of unmodified FA was compared to FA modified with chitosan. The FA and FA/chitosan particles were characterized by means of SEM, XRF and FTIR methods. The FA and FA/chitosan composites were investigated as adsorbents for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Experiments were carried out in a previously optimized pH (pH = 6), at room temperature for 3 hours. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to determine the maximum adsorption capacities of the fly ash samples for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions. The experimental data indicate that the Langmuir isotherm fits better than the Freundlich isotherm for all the investigated systems. The obtained values of the qm, maximum adsorption capacity for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) with the FA/chitosan composites were (1.068, 1.00, 1.042, 1.369 mg/g), and (2.532, 2.063, 1.036, 2.146, 2.482 mg/g), respectively. The efficiency trend was Pb(II) > Cu(II). The results indicate that the removal efficiency for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions was 91.1 % and 99.7 %, respectively.

20

Synthesis of clove essential oil-loaded chitosan-based edible films with different plasticizers

Zsivanovits G., Milenkova S., Marudova M., Nikolova K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 128, nr 1

32--41

EN

Purpose: Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide known for its excellent biodegradable, barrier and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, it is often used in the preparation of edible films. A vast variety of essential oils have been incorporated into the films to enhance their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Despite all the positive effects of chitosan in its application as food packaging, its films are fragile and brittle. Therefore, plasticizers are usually added to improve the chitosan's mechanical properties. The present article investigates the effect of different plasticizers, namely Glycerol, Polyethylene glycol, and Polyvinyl alcohol, on the physical characteristics of clove essential oil-loaded chitosan film (chitosan/CEO). Design/methodology/approach: Chitosan/CEO films are prepared using the casting method. The intermolecular interactions are determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the surface morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanical properties are tested in tensile and puncture modes. The thermal stability and the compound physical state are investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Water adsorption isotherms and water vapour permeability are also determined. Findings: The addition of plasticizer is found to have a beneficial effect on the mechanical properties of chitosan films and does not change the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, colour parameters, and thermal stability drastically. In such a way, the plasticized films are suitable for food packaging. Practical implications: Future research will investigate the effect of other environmentally friendly plasticizers on edible films made from chitosan/essential oils. Originality/value: Based on our knowledge, the present research investigates the effect of different plasticizers on the chitosan/CEO edible films for the first time.