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Rekultywacja składowiska odpadów komunalnych - studium przypadku: wdrożenie instalacji fotowoltaicznej

Hadała Weronika

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2025

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T. 29, nr 1

39--48

PL

Rozwój przemysłu doprowadził do degradacji środowiska, w tym nadmiernego wykorzystania terenów pod składowiska odpadów. Po ich zamknięciu konieczna jest ich rekultywacja. Jednym z nowoczesnych i ekologicznych sposobów ponownego wykorzystania odzyskanych terenów jest budowa tam farm fotowoltaicznych. Artykuł analizuje potencjał takiego rozwiązania, przedstawiając jego aspekty prawne, techniczne i środowiskowe. Zaprezentowano studium przypadku – pierwszej w Polsce instalacji PV w Ustroniu Morskim zlokalizowanej na zrekultywowanym składowisku odpadów. Projekt ten dowodzi, że takie rozwiązanie jest zgodne z koncepcją zrównoważonego rozwoju.

EN

The development of industry has led to environmental degradation, including the excessive use of land for waste disposal sites. Once these sites are closed, reclamation becomes necessary. One modern and environmentally friendly way to repurpose such areas is by constructing photovoltaic farms. This article analyzes the potential of this solution, presenting its legal, technical, and environmental aspects. A case study was presented – the first PV installation in Poland in Ustronie Morskie, located on a reclaimed landfill.This project demonstrates that such an approach aligns with the principles of sustainable development.

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Distribution and ecological risk of microplastics in soil at the Jatibarang landfill in Semarang, Indonesia

Hartini Eko, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto, Warsito Budi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 2

272--285

EN

Inadequate waste management contributes significantly to the accumulation of plastic waste, as landfills accept unsorted waste. Various natural processes in landfills play a crucial role in microplastic pollution of both soil and aquatic systems. This study examined samples from Jatibarang Landfill, Indonesia, the largest waste disposal site in Central Java. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0 to 20 cm in three zones – active, passive, and areas near settlements – and analyzed for microplastic abundance, size, shape, color, and polymer type. The study aimed to evaluate the distribution, ecological risks, and impacts of microplastics on the physical and chemical properties of soil at Jatibarang Landfill. Results indicated a high microplastic abundance, with counts reaching 2340 particles per kilogram of soil, particularly in areas close to settlements. The primary types of microplastics identified were polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The polymer hazard index (PHI) and coefficient of microplastic impact (CMPI) were employed to assess the potential risks of microplastic pollution. Polypropylene was identified as the most significant pollutant due to its widespread use and persistent nature. Improved landfill management strategies are essential to mitigate microplastic pollution and its adverse environmental effects.

3

Rola rekultywacji terenów przemysłowych w transformacji energetycznej

Malara Magdalena, Zielińska Anna, Szadek Paweł

Energetyka

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2025

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nr 10

564--573

PL

Rekultywacja terenów poprzemysłowych stanowi bardzo ważny element skutecznej transformacji energetycznej. Przywracanie wartości przyrodniczych i gospodarczych zdegradowanych obszarów nie tylko ogranicza negatywne skutki historycznej działalności przemysłowej, ale przede wszystkim tworzy nowe możliwości m.in. dla rozwoju OZE oraz realizacji zasad GOZ.W artykule zostały przedstawione zarówno możliwości, jak i utrudnienia, z jakimi można się spotkać w prowadzeniu procesów rekultywacyjnych oraz przykłady udanych przedsięwzięć, jakie zostały podjęte i skutecznie poprowadzone przez „Energopomiar” Sp. z o.o. na zlecenie ZE PAK S.A.

EN

Reclamation of post-industrial areas is a crucial element of effective energy transition. Restoring natural and economic values of the degraded areas not only reduces negative effects of historical industrial activity but, first and foremost, creates new possibilities of the development of renewable energy sources and implementation of circular economy principles, among others. The article presents both the possibilities and obstacles that may be encountered during reclamation processes and also the examples of projects ordered by ZE PAK S.A., undertaken and successfully implemented by „Energopomiar” Sp. z o.o.

4

Evaluation of the ecological state and phytomeliorative efficiency of vegetation at landfills

Korol Kateryna, Bojko Taras, Kobko Yevhen, Tymchyshyn Andriy, Ruban Artem, Popovych Vasyl, Ilkiv Bogdan, Shuplat Taras

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 2

239--251

EN

Phytomeliorative efficiency of vegetation species composition on devastated landscapes, including landfills, is a key factor in improving the ecological state at both local and regional levels. This article presents results of assessing heavy metal content and phytomelioration potential of vegetation cover on devastated areas, particularly at the Bronytsia landfill (Lviv region, Ukraine). Depending on the edaphic and climatic conditions, the surface of the devastated territories may have significant phytomeliorative potential, which is an important component of the reclamation process. Urban green spaces play a multifunctional role in improving the environment by providing oxygen production, microclimate regulation, filtration, noise absorption, and decorative and aesthetic functions. The key indicator for assessing the level of phytomelioration in devastated areas is the phytomelioration efficiency coefficient (KFM). During the research at the landfill, various categories of plant communities were identified, such as frutocenoses, sylvacenoses, ruderalenoses, pratocenoses, and agrocenoses. The KFM estimation for each landfill site showed the following results: Site 1 (western side): KFM = 4.5; Site 2 (northern side): KFM = 4.0; Site 3 (eastern side): KFM = 5.0; Site 4 (southern side): KFM = 5.5; Site No. 5 (central part): KFM = 2.1; Site 6 (control): KFM = 6.55. The results obtained indicate the suitability of the study area for reclamation activities for minimizing the negative impact on the environment.

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Impact of Landfill Leachate on Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment in Mohammedia Prefecture, Morocco

El Morabet Rachida, Lamouadene Yasser, Alouane Mohamed, Qahtani Dhafar Ali Abdullah, Khan Roohul Abad

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

432--448

EN

Several studies have been conducted to identify the potential impact of landfills on groundwater resources. This study evaluates the impact of landfills on groundwater resources in Mohammedia prefecture, Morocco. The groundwater was analysed from 2015 to 2022. The groundwater quality was evaluated based on electrical conductivity, pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphate, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and total hydrocarbon, aluminium, iron, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron-nickel, zing, and mercury. The assessment was based on the water quality index, leachate pollution index, non-carcinogenic risk assessment, and carcinogenic risk assessment. A leachate pollution index <5 indicates that it poses a severe risk to groundwater resources. The non-carcinogenic risk HQ was determined to be <1, which infers no potential risk. The carcinogenic risk index value of 10-4 indicated that it is within the threshold of acceptable limit. The current study concludes that leachate from the analysed landfills does not infiltrate the groundwater resources of Mohammedia prefecture. However, the leachate pollution, even though it varies, is increasing over time. This is validated by the fact that the landfill is protected with a membrane covering the ground, which inhibits any possible infiltration of soil or water resources. Hence, this study calls for continuous monitoring of groundwater resources in the region. Future studies are required to investigate the groundwater in Mohammedia prefecture in terms of emerging pollutants to identify any potential risk.

6

Assessment of Landfills and their Impact on the Soil: a Local Study in Ukraine

Pysarenko Pavlo, Samojlik Maryna, Pysarenko Viktor, Mostoviak Ivan, Taranenko Anna, Taranenko Serhiy, Dychenko Oksana, Lastovka Vyacheslav, Husinsky Dmytro

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

178--186

EN

Landfills are widely utilised for waste disposal due to their economic advantages and ease of implementation compared to alternative methods. However, landfills exert significant environmental and health impacts on adjacent agricultural land. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil is a risk to ecological and food safety. Methodological approaches to assess and mitigate the impact of landfills on agricultural land are essential for ensuring sustainable land use practices and safeguarding human health. In this study, landfills were assessed at the local level, and the hazard level was classified according to it. A set of priority measures for restoring technogenic disturbed areas and minimising their impact on agricultural land was determined. The need to select a set of innovative, ecologically oriented methods for remediation of landfills, depending on the type and degree of soil contamination, was identified in context of ensuring environmental and food security.

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Transfer of Metals from the Soil to Medicago sativa Irrigated with Municipal Landfill Leachate

Belasri Lamiaa, Arabi Mourad, Sabri Safaa, Hmimid Fouzia, Benichou Samah Ait

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 8

336--346

EN

Morocco faces a growing waste issue due to population growth, economic expansion, and industrialization, leading to environmental concerns, especially regarding leachate. From 1986 to 2022, Casablanca's main landfill produced a total of 800,000 m³ of leachate, which was stored in evaporation ponds, posing significant environmental risks. Our research not only concentrates on traditional chemical analyses for leachate assessments but also emphasizes ecosystem interactions. Phytotoxicity tests assess the impact of contaminants, particularly heavy metals, complementing traditional chemical analyses. Our study investigated the accumulation of these contaminants in the soil and their subsequent transfer to plant tissues. This research aimed to examine the accumulation of heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, and Hg, in soils irrigated with varying leachate concentrations (C0: control; C1: 5%; C2: 7%; C3: 10%; and C4: 15%). The experiments involved the cultivation of M. sativa plants under open-field conditions. To assess the transfer of metals from soil to plant tissues, the transfer factor (TF) index was calculated. Our findings revealed that Pb, Cd, and Hg exhibited transfer factor ranges of 0.55–0.93, 0.07 to 0.21, and 0.1 to 0.37, respectively. The accumulation of heavy metals at the different leachate concentrations followed the order Pb>Hg>Cd.

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Potential of Landfill Gas Extraction in North-East Ukraine

Vaskina Iryna, Hopkalo Dmytro, Vaskin Roman, Pochwatka Patrycja

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 4

258--270

EN

The energy potential of municipal solid waste landfills receded into the background compared to more traditional sources of energy. Such possibilities as landfill degassing, as well as extraction of thermal energy from the depths of landfills, were little-researched, due to being kind of risky phenomena for their wide application. Currently, the energy system of Ukraine is under the risk as due to the military actions – objects of critical energy infrastructure have become the easy targets for the enemy. About 53 mln m3 of household waste were generated in Ukraine in 2021. Over 10 mln tons were buried at 6000 of landfills, total area of which accounts for 9000 hectares. The energy potential of these waste was used ineffective. Only 28 landfills of total have the degassing system established. The case of using landfill gas as an energy source lies between such challenges: the increasing amount of MSW, proper waste management and the energy crisis in Ukraine caused by the shellings. Landfill spreading throughout the country makes it possible to operate safely and reduce the risk of bringing any significant damage to such infrastructure. The study was focused on the Sumy City landfill, the potential of which is estimated as 36397 m3/t of solid waste. The degassing system was designed based on the methodology of State building regulations of Ukraine. Analysis of the efficiency of the system was done, including the potential energy output as a result of operation of such a system which comes paramount in dealing with the imperative of soaring amount of MSW, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and producing green, cheap energy. The negative impact of MSW landfills on the environment is beyond all dispute so it is crucial that their potential be used at full capacity.

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Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate Using Chlorophytum comosum, Echinodorus palaefolius, and Hippochaetes lymenalis

Ratnawati Rhenny, Nurhayati Indah, Rohim Imam Nur, Adriani Vivin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 12

124--135

EN

Phytoremediation is an alternative technology for treating leachate by utilizing plants. The objective of this study was to examine the concentrations of total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and cadmium (Cd) in leachate through the phytoremediation process using Chlorophytum comosum, Echinodorus palaefolius, and Hippochaetes lymenalis. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale with a batch system. The leachate was sourced from the Ngipik Landfill, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia, and was collected from the inlet of the Ngipik Landfill Leachate Treatment Unit. Acclimatization was carried out for 7 days. A range finding test (RFT) was conducted by varying the concentration composition of the leachate compared to tap water, with the planting medium being 25% leachate: 75% tap water, 50% leachate: 50% tap water, 50% leachate: 75% tap water, and 100% leachate: 0% tap water (v/v). The plants used in each reactor weighed 1 kg. The reactors used for the phytoremediation process were plastic boxes with dimensions of 51×32×31 cm. The planting medium consisted of gravel-sized 10–20 mm, with a thickness of 7 cm, and soil with a thickness of 7 cm. This research showed that the average final TSS concentration of the leachate was 25.50 ± 44.37 mg/L. The average TSS reduction efficiency reached 94.90 ±8.87%. The average final TN concentration of the leachate was 409.42 ± 139.19 mg/L, with an average TN reduction efficiency of 89.73 ± 4.62%. The average Cd concentration in the leachate was 0.0012 ± 0.0013 mg/L, with an average Cd concentration reduction efficiency of 92.30 ± 8.48%. The final TSS and Cd concentrations met the leachate quality standards, with values of 100 mg/L and 0.1000 mg/L, respectively. However, the final TN concentration did not meet the leachate quality standards, as the final TN concentration in the leachate was 60 mg/L.

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Investigation into the Contamination of Soil with Multiple Components in the Vicinity of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

Bereziuk Oleh, Pashechko Mykhaylo, Savulyak Valeriy, Kalda Galyna, Prus Aleksandra

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

206--213

EN

Here determination of the level dimensions regularity of the multicomponent contamination zones (by heavy metals and petroleum products) of the soils adjacent to the municipal solid waste landfill. The dependences of the mercury, copper and zinc concentrations in the soil on the distance to the landfill of municipal solid waste were determined, similar dependence was specified for petroleum products for a distance of up to 500 m. The research employed the regression analysis technique for investigating single-factor experiments and other paired patterns. The selection of a suitable function was based on commonly utilized options, determined by the criterion of achieving the maximum correlation coefficient value. Regression analyses were conducted by employing linearizing transformations, facilitating the conversion of non-linear regularities into linear forms. Graphical dependences, describing the change in the concentrations of individual soil pollutants with the distance from the municipal solid waste landfill have been built, they enable to demonstrating the satisfactory convergence of theoretical outcomes with empirical observations was achieved. The level regularity of multicomponent soil contamination (with petroleum products and heavy metals) at the distance from the municipal solid waste landfill has been obtained, it’s required for determining the dimentions of the zones of multicomponent soil contamination. Applying the method of iterations, the dimensions of the multicomponent contamination zones (with petroleum products and heavy metals) of the soils, adjacent to the landfill of municipal solid waste have been determined: very heavy pollution–22.93 m, heavy pollution–81.77 m, average pollution–474.9 m from the foot of the landfill.

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Incidence of the Leachates from the Quevedo Emerging Cell on the Water Quality of the Limón Stream, San Cristóbal Parish, Quevedo Canton

Guime Baldión Karla Yanick, Mendoza Cedeño Laura Gema

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

65--73

EN

The present study aimed to assess the impact of leachates from the emerging cell on the water quality of the Limón stream in Ecuador. Five sampling points were selected as references using the NTE INEN 2176:2013 standard. Subsequently, these samples were analyzed in a laboratory using the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater for the respective physicochemical analysis. The analysis results were compared with the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment, and the water quality index (WQI) was determined according to the National Sanitary Foundation (NSF). Additionally, an environmental diagnosis was conducted based on the cause-effect matrix by Leopold to propose a strategy for the restoration and ecological recovery of the affected components. According to the obtained results, the sampling points closer to the leachate discharge showed high concentrations of dissolved oxygen, iron, fecal coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS), which exceeded the maximum permissible limits according to legislation. This resulted in a “fair” water quality index classification according to the WQI classification. These findings highlight the importance of considering and assessing the environmental impacts. A total of 24 impacts were identified on physical, biotic, and anthropic components, with 4.76% being highly significant, 42.86% significant, and 52.38% negligible. In conclusion, the results indicate a scenario of environmental deterioration at the leachate discharge stations, urging the urgent implementation of corrective measures to address the detected high contamination.

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Analysis of the State of the Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, the Composition of the Leachate, and Promising Technologies for its Treatment

Chelyadyn Lubomyr, Khomyn Volodymyr, Slyuzar Andriy, Chelyadyn Volodymyr, Shymanskyi Volodymyr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

132--142

EN

The characteristics of the hydrogeology of the municipal solid waste landfill in Ivano-Frankivsk are given. Accumulation of waste in landfills causes environmental problems due to pollution of the atmosphere, water resources, and soil. It was established that there is practically no contamination of the water horizon with infiltrate. Commissioning of the leachate pipeline, which feeds part of the leachate to the city’s treatment facilities, solves the problem of the accumulation of leachate at the landfill, however, creates an additional burden on these facilities. The composition of the infiltrate was analyzed. It was confirmed that the main harmful pollutants of infiltrates are oil products, nitrogen-containing compounds, dyes, humic compounds, and heavy metals. The main methods of cleaning of infiltrates abroad and in Ukraine are characterized. Based on the analysis of the available impurities, for the purification of the infiltrate, it is proposed to use the technology of physical-electrochemical wastewater treatment, which includes their treatment in electrocoagulators and the separation of coagulated impurities in a thin-layer settling tank. Our studies showed that during infiltrate purification up to normative indicators of its discharge to treatment plants are not reached and it is worth using additional treatment of the infiltrate with oxidizers. As a result of exploratory studies, it is proposed to carry out additional treatment with hypochlorite ions, which can be obtained during the electrolysis of the infiltrate on an inert anode. Cleaning the infiltrate using the described technology will reduce environmental pollution, which means increasing the level of environmental safety of the solid waste landfill.

13

Wykorzystanie zrekultywowanych składowisk odpadów na potrzeby budowy instalacji fotowoltaicznych

Herba Klaudia, Malinowski Mateusz, Bodziacki Stanisław

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2024

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Vol. 19, No. 1.1

127--138

PL

Wytwarzanie energii z odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE) polega na wykorzystaniu naturalnych zasobów i procesów zachodzących w przyrodzie. Dzięki efektowi fotowoltaicznemu, który umożliwia wytwarzanie energii elektrycznej w wyniku absorpcji światła przez materiały półprzewodnikowe, pozyskiwanie energii słonecznej zyskuje na popularności zarówno wśród konsumentów indywidualnych, jak i przedsiębiorstw. Praca swoim zakresem obejmuje rozpoznanie możliwości wykorzystania zrekultywowanych składowisk odpadów jako potencjalnych lokalizacji farm fotowoltaicznych (PV) na przykładzie województwa małopolskiego. Celem pracy było opracowanie zbioru kryteriów lokalizacyjnych oraz zastosowanie metody AHP, aby wskazać optymalne składowisko, na którym możliwe byłoby wybudowanie farmy PV. Dodatkowo z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania EasySolar dobrano odpowiednią instalację PV dla wskazanego składowiska, określając również potencjalną ilości energii elektrycznej, którą można pozyskać w ciągu roku. Przeprowadzona analiza umożliwiła identyfikację optymalnego składowiska spośród 41 rozpatrywanych lokalizacji. Dla wybranego miejsca zaproponowano zastosowanie modułów PV typu monokrystalicznego (Jinko JKM550M-72HL4-V) o mocy 550 W. Moc zaprojektowanej instalacji wynosi 903 kWp, a potencjalny roczny uzysk energii z tej instalacji szacowany jest na 787,5 MWh.

EN

The generation of energy from renewable energy sources (RES) involves the utilization of natural resources and processes occurring in nature. Thanks to the photovoltaic effect, which allows for the generation of electricity through the absorption of light by semiconductor materials, solar energy harvesting is gaining popularity among both individual consumers and businesses. This work encompasses the identification of the possibilities for utilizing reclaimed waste landfills as potential locations for photovoltaic (PV) farms, exemplified by the Małopolska region. The aim of the study was to develop a set of location criteria and to apply the AHP method to identify the optimal landfill where a PV farm could be built. Additionally, using the EasySolar software, an appropriate PV installation was selected for the indicated landfill, also determining the potential amount of electricity that could be generated over the course of a year. The conducted analysis allowed for the identification of the optimal landfill among 41 considered locations. For the selected site, the use of monocrystalline PV modules (Jinko JKM550M-72HL4-V) with a power output of 550 W was proposed. The designed installation has a capacity of 903 kWp, and the potential annual energy yield from this installation is estimated at 787.5 MWh.

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Utrata statusu odpadów dla żużli i popiołów

Wolny-Tomczyk Katarzyna

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

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2024

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nr 1

PL

Brak uregulowania szczegółowych warunków dla przeprowadzenia procedury utraty statusu odpadu dla odpadów powstających z energetycznego spalania paliw powodował, że procedura taka, choć możliwa do przeprowadzenia, nie była powszechnie stosowana. Zaburzało to znacznie hierarchię sposobów postępowania z odpadami, ponieważ wartościowe substancje, zamiast być gospodarczo wykorzystywane, trafiały na składowiska. Składowiska zaś nie tylko mają negatywny wpływ na sam krajobraz, ale również stanowią problem społeczny.

15

Evaluating the landfill leachate quality using leachate pollution index (LPI) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)

Tałałaj Izabela Anna, Hajduk Sławomira

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 1

art. no. 667

EN

Variability and diversity of landfill leachate cause difficulties in assessing the actual degree of threat to the environment and selecting an appropriate method of disposal or treatment. Therefore, quantifying leachate contamination potential is essential in landfill management and could be used to assess the accuracy of landfill operation and its impact on surrounding areas. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method and its suitability in determining leachate pollution potential in comparison to the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) method. For this purpose, the quality of leachate from the landfill, collected four times a year from 2004 to 2021, was analysed. The following parameters were monitored: pH, EC, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Hg. On the basis of the measured parameters, the LPI and TOPSIS indexes were calculated. The obtained results indicated that the TOPSIS method is more sensitive and accurate in observing changes in leachate quality. It can be applied to any number of contaminant parameters without restrictions on scope, quantity, or their relative importance. It can also be used to compare the variations in leachate quality over time or to analyse differences in leachate quality among various landfill sites.

PL

Zmienność i zróżnicowanie jakości odcieków składowiskowych stanowi trudność zarówno w ocenie stopnia zagrożenia przez nie środowiska jak i w doborze odpowiedniej metody ich unieszkodliwiania lub oczyszczania. Dlatego ilościowe określenie potencjału zanieczyszczenia odciekami jest niezbędne w zarządzaniu składowiskami i może być wykorzystane do oceny prawidłowości eksploatacji składowiska oraz jego wpływu na otaczające obszary. Celem pracy była ocena skuteczności metody TOPSIS (Technique for Order preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) oraz jej przydatności w określaniu potencjału zanieczyszczenia odcieków w porównaniu do metody LPI (Leachate Pollution Index). Analizie poddano jakość odcieków pobieranych w latach 2004–2021 ze składowiska odpadów komunalnych. Do badań przyjęto 7 wskaźników fizyczno‑chemicznych odcieków (pH, EC, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg) i w oparciu o ich wielkości obliczono indeksy LPI i TOPSIS na przestrzeni 18 lat. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że metoda TOPSIS jest bardziej czuła i pozwala na szczegółową i dokładną obserwację zmian jakości odcieków. Może być stosowana dla dowolnej liczby wskaźników zanieczyszczeń bez ograniczeń co do zakresu, ilości i wagi tych wskaźników. Metodę TOPSIS można również wykorzystać do porównywania zmienności jakości odcieków w czasie lub do analizy różnic w jakości odcieków z różnych składowisk.

16

Ecological Successions of Urban Landfills of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Popovych Vasyl, Skyba Tetiana, Koval Volodymyr, Bosak Pavlo, Kopystynskyi Yurii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 7

225--233

EN

The most acceptable way to prevent and eliminate negative phenomena arising from devastating landscapes is phytomelioration. To assess the suitability of the landfill’s surface for phytomelioration measures, it is necessary to determine the species composition, physiological stability, density, and completeness of the tree stand (in case of the tree species development) already developing as a result of natural overgrowth. The present work examines the ecological succession of three large urban landfills within the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine – Lviv, Ternopil, and Lutsk. It was established that the maximum phytomass is characteristic of the gentle slopes of landfills with relatively stable moisture index, and developed soil, which gives reason to attribute the plant groups to the endoecogenesis stage while there are no garbage dumping processes. Three stages of overgrowth were identified for all landfills – syngenetic succession, initial endoecogenetic succession, and mature endoecogenetic succession. The taxonomic structure of the flora of the urban landfills of the Western Forest Steppe is represented by the divisions Magnoliophyta, Pinophyta, Polypodiophyta, Bryophyta, and the classes Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, Pinopsida, Equisetopsida, Polytrichopsida. The phytomeliorative efficiency of vegetation at solid waste landfills shows that the surface of landfills in the Western Forest Steppe is dominated by stunted plants and the phytomelioration coefficient is low. Thus, the surface of the landfill is suitable for phytomelioration and reclamation works and landfill decommissioning. The phytomeliorative efficiency of vegetation at solid waste landfills shows that the surface of landfills in the Western Forest Steppe is dominated by stunted plants and the phytomelioration coefficient is low. Thus, the surface of the landfill is suitable for phytomelioration and reclamation works and landfill decommissioning.

17

Ecological risk, seasonal and depth variations of toxic elements in a closed landfill in Vietnamese Mekong Delta province

Giao Nguyen T., Nhien Huynh T.H.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

188--196

EN

The study was carried out to assess ecological risks at the closed landfill in Cai Dau town, Chau Phu district, An Giang province. Soil samples were collected at six locations (S1-S6) at depths of 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm in the rainy season (November 2020) and dry season (March 2021). The soil quality was evaluated using eight heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr and As). The results showed that most monitoring sites had heavy metal contents within the allowable limits for agricultural land of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT. Some heavy metals have been found to migrate to the soil layer of 60-80 cm. The heavy metals accumulation (Igeo) in the two soil layers did not differ; Ni, Cr, Pb and As accumulated at non-polluting levels - moderate to high in the rainy season, while Cr and As only accumulated in the dry season. The composite pollution index (PLI) indicated that the locations around the landfill were polluted; however, the ecological risk ranged from low to moderate (potential ecological risk index (PERI) = 102-195) in the rainy season. Only about 50% of study sites during the dry season were contaminated and the risk was low (PERI = 44-68). However, the area around the landfill always poses potential risks due to the presence of heavy metals, including Ni, Cr, As and Pb. Monitoring the heavy metals in the surrounding landfill for the potential risks to human health and environment is needed.

18

Assessment of the Impact of a Recultivated Landfill on the Soil Environment

Pusz Agnieszka, Wiśniewska Magdalena, Rogalski Dominik, Staśkiewicz Marcin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

407--418

EN

Recultivated landfills, despite remedial actions, may pose a threat to human health and the environment, and therefore require long-term monitoring. The aim of the work was to investigate the impact of recultivation treatments on changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils in the vicinity of a landfill for waste other than hazardous and neutral. In order to carry out the work, drillings were made around the tested landfill, from which samples were taken and selected physical and chemical properties were determined, including substances causing risks that are particularly important for the protection of the earth’s surface. The tested soils were characterized by a neutral and alkaline reaction and a high degree of saturation of the sorption complex with exchangeable basic cations after the use of dust and ash as a recultivation material. Leaks and leachate accumulation were found in the northern part of the facility. The permissible metal contents for industrial areas (group IV) and forest areas (group III) were not exceeded. In the northern part of the landfill area, the permissible content of cadmium was exceeded, while in the southern part, the permissible content of zinc, lead and cadmium was exceeded for agricultural areas (group II). The use of dust and ashes for the recultivation of the landfill in its southern part limited the migration of pollutants deeper into the profile and resulted in an improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the tested soils. The conclusion stated that there is a need to undertake further remediation activities and monitoring studies in order to minimize potential migration of pollutants into the soil and water environment, posing a threat to human health and the environment.

19

Analysis of the Quantity and Composition of Waste in the Peja District, Kosovo

Musliu Milaim, Bilalli Astrit, Ibrahimi Halil, Berisha Nusret, Grapci-Kotori Linda, Geci Donard

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

228--235

EN

The conducted study aimed to investigate the quantity and composition of municipal waste deposited in landfills in the Peja District of Kosovo over the period of 2005–2021. The study covered four municipalities within the district: Peja, Klina, Istog, and Deçan. A total of 705,246.7 tons of waste were deposited during the analyzed period, with the municipality of Peja depositing the largest amount (428,347.9 tons) and Deçan the smallest (67,143.6 tons). Regarding the composition of waste, the majority of municipal waste consists of biodegradable components (about 38%), followed by plastic (20 %), paper and cardboard (17%), glass (7%), textile (5%), diapers (3%), tetrapak (1.5%), metals (1%), construction materials (1%) and small waste (6.5%). This investigation contributes to municipal waste management to know the exact amount of waste produced and its composition.

20

Gases in the near-surface zone of the reclaimed Barycz municipal waste landfill – a case study from southern Poland

Kopera Paulina A., Sechman Henryk, Twaróg Anna

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 2

101--121

EN

The formation of biogas at municipal landfills and the significant emission of greenhouse gases from these facilities into the environment were the main reasons for analyzing the molecular composition of soil gas in the near-surface zone at the reclaimed part of the Barycz municipal waste landfill. The relations between the studied components (methane, carbon dioxide, light hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon components) and impact of the magnitude of recorded concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide on their emission to the atmosphere were evaluated. Two profiles were determined, along which 41 soil and landfill gas samples were taken at 20-meter intervals. At the same time, emissions were measured at each sampling point using a static chamber with a portable fluxometer. Chromatographic analysis showed that the concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide fluctuated in the ranges: 2.1 ppm – 76 vol% and 0.04 ppm – 11 vol%, respectively. Relatively high concentrations of these gases were determined at many of the measurement points, and this was particularly evident at the A-A’ profile, indicating stronger biochemical processes in this part of the landfill, or lateral migration of methane from the neighbouring stage II of the landfill, where biogas extraction is currently taking place. In addition, significant correlations between methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen were demonstrated, indicating ongoing methane fermentation processes. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the southern part of the A-A’ profile is an optimal place to locate a degassing well from which biogas production could be used. However, the research is only preliminary and, it will be necessary to extend the soil gas tests before the final decision on the location of the well is made. Moreover, it has been shown that the concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide measured at points located outside the landfill were low. This means that generated biogas probably does not migrate beyond the boundaries of reclaimed waste landfill, but this will need to be confirmed by performing additional soil gas tests inside and outside the landfill area. The preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the reclamation carried out was confirmed by the negligible values of the measured methane and carbon dioxide emissions on the surface.