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1

The effect of mechanical properties on polymer deformation and flow suspension in the Selective Laser Sintering process

Belgada Rihabe, Zarbane Khalid, Mzerd Ahmed

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2025

|

Vol. 30, no. 1

21--35

EN

Among the various additive manufacturing processes, there is selective laser sintering, with the use of a high-power laser that sinters the small particles of polymer powder and turn them into a solid structure, from a 3D model, nowadays SLS additive manufacturing has become the best choice for the industry, especially for polymer materials, SLS ensures high productivity and well-honed materials at low cost. Recent Advances in Fitting, the materials and software have made SLS printing accessible to a wider range of activities. Our study is to show the mechanism of polymer particle suspension during the three stages of SLS printing, we start with printing first, the polymer powder in a thin layer applied on a flat shape inside the build chamber and the printer will heat the powder until the polymer melts, Allowing the laser to easily increase the temperature in specific areas in the powder bed to trace the morphology of the solidified part. Secondly, cooling and finally post-processing to extract the finished parts from the build chamber. In our study, we will analyze the suspension of small polymer powder particles in the SLS printing process. We will start with the mathematical formulation of the problem with an experimental study of the polymer sample studied. Next, we will set up the chosen solution method and finally the modeling of the results obtained on the FORTRAN language.

2

Strength analysis of selectively laser sintered titanium alloy dental implant-scaffolds for immediate implantation applications

Dobrzański L.B., Dobrzańska J., Dobrzański L.A., Rudziarczyk-Jagoda K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 131, nr 1

27--41

EN

Purpose: The article presents an analysis of the design assumptions of innovative implant-scaffolds developed by the Authors, which constitute an alternative to implantation directly after tooth extraction for typical screw implants designed according to the Brannemark concept. Design/methodology/approach: The scope of work was divided into modelling using the digital twin method and manufacturing these implantable elements in real conditions. The computational analysis of bone base models obtained to create a digital twin for real conditions prevailing in the oral cavity was presented and the finite element method FEM analysis of the implant-scaffolds state after installation in the patient's bone under different occlusal conditions was performed to determine the maximum loads and compare them with the strength properties of these implantable elements manufactured by selective laser sintering from TiAl4V6 Extra Low Interstitials (ELI) grade 23 alloy. Findings: The results of the simulation studies performed using the FEM method when loading the bone-implant-scaffold model with occlusal forces with an integrated prosthetic crown abutment-screw illustrate the stress distribution occurring in the entire system, in particular those acting on the implant-scaffold. Extreme cases of these forces occurring directly on the tooth cusp at angles of 0, 15, 30 degrees with different forces of 200, 500 or 1500 N were taken into account, simulating the average and maximum forces obtained using the masticatory muscles and in the case of external impact forces acting in the adopted system. The analysis performed confirms that the use of the new additive manufacturing technology and the introduction of unique geometric features guarantees the correct transfer of occlusal forces in the bone-implant system in various load cases simulating the situation of premature contact, which is usually a critical situation for the durability of the implant-prosthetic restoration. Research limitations/implications: In subsequent studies, the Authors plan to compare the results obtained in this work with models of bone-screw implants, prosthetic abutments, and prosthetic crowns according to the Brannemark concept. This will allow the determination of the optimal parameters for using individual solutions depending on the clinical conditions of different types of teeth. Practical implications: The developed innovative implant-scaffold, thanks to the use of an innovative design of the prosthetic connector and the placement of the prosthetic screw in the supragingival zone of the implant-scaffold, can easily transfer stress without damaging the element even with a force of 1500 N applied directly to the cusp of the prosthetic crown without destroying its structure. This force simulates an extreme situation that will cause the patient's bone to break. Despite this, the implant-scaffold will not be damaged. Therefore, the studies confirm that the use of additive manufacturing technology by the selective laser sintering (SLS) method and the innovative design of the implant-scaffold allow for the high strength properties of prosthetic elements and the surrounding bone tissues to be obtained. Originality/value: An original patent by the Authors for implant-scaffolds construction was developed, which is particularly useful in the case of immediate implantation in the same procedure in which the damaged natural tooth was extracted. Optimization of manufacturing conditions and their correct selection, especially laser power, enables precise reproduction of specific geometric solutions from the project. In particular, the possibilities of additive technology, the selective laser sintering method, allows the use of a laser spot diameter of 30-40 micrometres and a single layer height of 25 micrometres, which allows for achieving print accuracy concerning the project with an error not exceeding 50 micrometres, making this technology optimal for the production of dental implants.

3

Innovative approach to ensuring the quality of gas turbine engine parts produced by selective laser sintering for UAV

Vyshnepolskyi Yevhen, Pavlenko Dmytro, Tumarchenko Larysa

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 124

243--260

EN

The research objects are gas turbine engines parts, manufactured using an innovative method of additive manufacturing - selective laser sintering. The main problem solved in this work is the low quality of the surface layer and the residual porosity of the parts obtained by this method, which significantly limits their operational characteristics and durability. As a result of the experimental studies, rational operating parameters of diamond smoothing were established. This allowed to significantly improve the surface quality and increase the operational characteristics of parts made of heat-resistant alloys INCONEL 718 and an intermetallic alloy based on titanium aluminide OX45-3ODS. The effectiveness of diamond smoothing is explained by local plastic deformation and compaction of the surface layer of parts under the influence of high contact pressures and temperatures. This leads to a significant reduction in surface roughness, an increase in the surface hardness due to strain hardening and a significant reduction in the size and number of residual pores. A characteristic feature of the obtained results is the ability to control the quality parameters of the surface layer by varying the diamond smoothing operating parameters - smoothing force, feed, radius, and geometry of the smoother's working part. The established regularities of the smoothing operating parameters have an impact on the quality characteristics of the surface. This information can be utilized in the development of highly efficient technological processes for the production and restoration of gas turbine engines, critical components of unmanned aerial vehicles, obtained through selective laser sintering. Implementing the elaborated technological recommendations will permit broadening the range of goods produced by additive manufacturing and enhancing their capacity and dependability during operation under conditions of cyclical loads and extreme temperatures.

4

Influence of build orientation on porosity, strength and dimensional accuracy of laser sintered polyamide porous bone scaffolds

Gorana Falguni, Modi Yashwant Kumar

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

|

2024

|

LXXI, nr 2

227--249

EN

Development of synthetic bone graft via bone tissue engineering involves seeding of patient’s stem cells onto a porous scaffold in presence of growth factors. Porosity, strength and dimensional accuracy of the porous scaffold play a vital role in this process. This work aims at ascertaining influence of build orientation on porosity, mechanical strength and dimensional accuracy of the selectively laser sintered polyamide porous scaffolds. Initially, CAD models of test specimens with pre-designed porosity were created in Solidworks® software. All the specimens were fabricated on EOSINT P395, a selective laser sintering machine, along various primary (Flat, Edge, Upright and Flat_diag) and secondary (0◦, 30◦, 45◦, 60◦ and 90◦) orientations. Results show that measured porosity of most of the specimens was (range: 42.89–35.26%) less than the designed porosity (41.71%). Maximum average tensile strength (16.84 MPa) was recorded for specimens printed along Flat_0◦ orientation. Specimens printed along Upright_90◦ orientation showed highest average compressive strength (8.26 MPa). Specimens printed along Flat orientation showed relatively better average impact strength. Best dimensional accuracy was obtained for specimens printed along Flat orientation.

5

A comprehensive review of polymer materials and selective laser sintering technology for 3D printing

Jabri F. E., Ouballouch A., Lasri L., Alaiji R. El

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 118, nr 1

5--17

EN

Purpose: This review analyses different approaches used to study selective laser sintering (SLS) technology of polymer materials. These main approaches concern: thermal behaviour, fatigue and surface roughness. Design/methodology/approach: Regarding the first behaviour, researchers extensively studied the impact of process parameters, including scan speed, laser, power and laser energy density, on the thermal behaviour of 3D printed parts. Numerical and experimental analyses are used to conduct process parameter evaluations. Findings: Laser power and scan speed are the most significant parameters of the laser energy density. For the second, according to test protocols and quantitative analysis performed, the authors concluded that the combination of small and large laser energy density particles generates higher sintering and better fatigue resistance. Moreover, tensile analysis in different environments showed that testing in the water decreased the fatigue life of polymer samples. The influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties and surface roughness of 3D parts is also analysed. In addition, the investigators found that the additives increase the surface roughness of 3D printed parts. Practical implications: This review shows that researchers can focus on creating a combination of these approaches to expand the use of this process for industrial part production. Originality/value: All these investigations have made it possible to determine the optimal process conditions to ensure higher quality, optimal surface quality and better fatigue strength.

6

Wytwarzanie materiałów porowatych z proszku stopu Ti6Al4V w procesie selektywnego topienia laserowego

Gaweł Tomasz G.

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

|

2020

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R. 25, nr 3

24--27

7

Badania struktur komórkowych typu hollow sphere wytwarzanych metodą selektywnego spiekania laserowego

Cieplak Kamil, Majewski Tomasz

Mechanik

|

2019

|

R. 92, nr 7

439--441

PL

Opisano badania struktur hollow sphere, wykorzystanych jako absorbery energii mechanicznej. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono techniki obróbki addytywnej – selektywnego spiekania laserowego – jako optymalnej metody wytwarzania próbek w przypadku badań laboratoryjnych. W kolejnej części zaprezentowano zastosowanie komputerowego wspomagana projektowania do tworzenia parametrycznych trójwymiarowych modeli badanych struktur. Następnie przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych w warunkach quasi-statycznego obciążenia tych materiałów. Na podstawie zebranych danych przeprowadzono analizę jakościową procesu deformacji struktur oraz wyciągnięto wnioski.

EN

The research of hollow sphere structures as absorbers of mechanical energy is described. The first part of the article is devoted to the description of selective laser sintering additive technique as the optimal method of sample production in the case of laboratory tests. The next part presents the use of computer aided design to create parametric three-dimensional models. Next, the results of experimental tests in the conditions of quasi-static load are presented. Based on the collected data, a qualitative analysis of the structure deformation process was performed and final conclusions are presented.

8

Additive manufacturing for health technology applications

Klimaschewski Sven F., Raschke Robert, Vehse Mark

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 3, No 3

215--220

EN

In this study we demonstrate an overview about possibilities in using additive manufacturing for tissue engineering and orthopedic prosthesis. We show the possibilities to produce scaffolds by using a low cost commercial stereolithography system under the use of biocompatible hydrogels like Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. We also demonstrate that it is possible to use a low cost selective laser sintering system to produce individual prostheses to support the healing process in many orthopedic issues.

9

Role of materials design in maintenance engineering in the context of industry 4.0 idea

Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 96, nr 1

12--49

EN

Purpose: The paper presents the issues of designing the maintenance of materials and products in accordance with the idea of Industry 4.0. The author's views on the need for augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model were also presented, as well as the author's original concept that hybrid activities in predictive maintenance and condition-based maintenance should be preceded by designing material, maintenance & manufacturing 3MD at the stage of the product's material designing and technological designing. The 3MD approach significantly reduces the frequency of assumed actions, procedures and resources necessary to remain the condition of this product for the longest possible time, enabling it to perform the designed working functions. Examples of own advanced research on several selected, newly developed materials, used in very different areas of application, confirmed the validity of the scientific hypothesis and the relationship between the studied phenomena and structural effects and the working functions of products and their maintenance and indicated that material design is one of the most important elements guaranteeing progress production at the stage of Industry 4.0 of the industrial revolution. Design/methodology/approach: The author's considerations are based on an extensive literature study and the results of the author's previous study and empirical work. Each of the examples given required the use of a full set of research methods available to modern material engineering, including HRTEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Findings: The most interesting intellectual achievements contained in the paper include presentations of the author's original concepts regarding the augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model, which has been distributed so far, which not only requires augmentation but is actually only one of the 4 elements of the technology platform of the extended holistic model of current industrial development, concerning cyber-IT production aided system. The author also presents his own concept for designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD already at the stage of material and technological design of the product, eliminating many problems related to product maintenance, even before they are manufactured and put into exploitation. Detailed results of detailed structural researches of several selected avant-garde engineering materials and discussion of structural changes that accompanying their manufacturing and/or processing are also included. Originality/value: The originality of the paper is associated with the novelty of the approach to analysing maintenance problems of materials and products, taking into account the requirements of the contemporary stage of Industry 4.0 development. The value of the paper is mainly associated with the presentation of original issues referred to as findings, including the concept of augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model and the introduction and experimental confirmation of the idea by designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD.

10

The new generation of the biologicalengineering materials for applications in medical and dental implant-scaffolds

Dobrzański L. A., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D., Czuba Z. P., Dobrzański L. B., Achtelik-Franczak A., Malara P., Szindler M., Kroll L.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 91, nr 2

56--85

EN

Purpose: The publication aims to find the relationship between the proliferation of surface layers of living cells and the deposition of thin atomic layers deposition ALD coatings on the pores internal surfaces of porous skeletons of medical and dental implant-scaffolds manufactured with the selective laser deposition SLS additive technology using titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The extensive review of the literature presents the state-of-the-art in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. General ageing of societies, increasing the incidence of oncological diseases and some transport and sports accidents, and also the spread of tooth decay and tooth cavities in many regions of the world has taken place nowadays. Those reasons involve resection of many tissues and organs and the need to replace cavities, among others bones and teeth through implantation, more and more often hybridized with tissue engineering methods. Findings: The results of investigations of the structure and properties of skeleton microporous materials produced from titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy powders by the method of selective laser sintering have been presented. Particularly valuable are the original and previously unpublished results of structural research using high-resolution transmission electron microscope HRTEM. Particular attention has been paid to the issues of surface engineering, in particular, the application of flat TiO2 and Al2O3 coatings applied inside micropores using the atomic layers deposition ALD method and hydroxyapatite applied the dip-coating sol-gel method, including advanced HRTEM research. The most important part of the work concerns the research of nesting and proliferation of live cells of osteoblasts the hFOB 1.19 (Human ATCC - CRL - 11372) culture line on the surface of micropores with surfaces covered with the mentioned layers. Research limitations/implications: The investigations reported in the paper fully confirmed the idea of the hybrid technology of producing microporous implants and implant-scaffolds to achieve original Authors’ biological-engineering materials. The surface engineering issues, including both flat-layered nonorganic coatings and interactions of those coverings with flat layers of living cells, play a crucial role. Originality/value: Materials commonly used in implantology and the most commonly used materials processing technologies in those applications have been described. Against that background, the original Authors' concept of implant-scaffolds and the application of microporous skeleton materials for this purpose have been presented.

11

Metallic skeletons as reinforcement of new composite materials applied in orthopaedics and dentistry

Dobrzański L. A., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D., Czuba Z. P., Dobrzański L. B., Achtelik-Franczak A., Malara P., Szindler M., Kroll L.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 92, nr 2

53--85

EN

Purpose: The article concerns the development of completely new groups of composite materials that can be used to produce functional replacements for damaged bones or teeth. Design/methodology/approach: A selective laser sintering was used to produce the reinforcement of those materials from titanium and its Ti6Al4V alloy in the form of skeletons with pores with adjustable geometric features. The matrix of those materials is either air or crystallised from the liquid AlSi12 or AlSi7Mg0.3 alloys condition after prior vacuum infiltration or human osteoblast cells from the hFOB 1.19 (Human ATCC - CRL - 11372) culture line. Findings: The porous material may be used for the non-biodegradable scaffold. After implantation into the body in the form of an implant-scaffold one, it allows the natural cells of the patient to grow into the pores of the implant, and it fuses with the bone or the appropriate tissue over time. The essential part of the implant-scaffold is the porous part inseparably connected with the core of solid materials. Into pores can grow living cells. Research limitations/implications: Biological-engineering composite materials in which natural cells were cultured in the pores in the laboratory next are combined as an artificial material with the natural cells of the patient in his/her body. Practical implications: The hybrid technologies of the all group of those materials were obtained and optimised. Numerous structure research was carried out using the most modern research methods of contemporary materials engineering, and mechanical tests and biological research involving the cultivation of natural cells were realised. Originality/value: The results of the research indicate the accuracy of the idea of implementing a new group of biological-engineering materials and the wide possibilities of their application in regenerative medicine.

12

Koła zębate wykonane drukarką 3D

Świat Obrabiarek i Narzędzi

|

2017

|

R. 12, nr 11-12

24

13

Materiały polimerowe wykorzystywane w metodzie selektywnego spiekania laserowego : praca przeglądowa

Chylińska M., Trojanowski K.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

|

2017

|

T. 23, Nr 1 (175)

7--16

PL

W artykule pokazano fundamentalne informacje na temat jednej z głównych technik wytwarzania przyrostowego, czyli metody selektywnego spiekania laserowego (SLS). Opisano rodzaje czynników i ich wpływ na jakość uzyskiwanych tą metodą modeli. Przedstawiono wymagania stawiane materiałom polimerowym wykorzystywanym w technice SLS oraz dokonano przeglądu literatury z ostatnich lat, dotyczącej nowych materiałów dedykowanych metodzie SLS.

EN

In the article, the fundamental information about one of the main techniques for incremental methods of production, that is, selective laser sintering (SLS) was described. Pointed out the types of factors and their influence on the quality of obtained by this method models. The requirements for polymer materials used in SLS technology were introduced and discussed. A review of the literature in recent years, concerning new, dedicated SLS method materials was presented.

14

Analysis of selected properties of an article made from metal powder using laser additive manufacturing

Mazurkiewicz A., Nędzi B.

Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance - Problemy Eksploatacji

|

2017

|

no. 2

79--86

EN

The article points out the need for knowledge about the relationships of many technological features for items produced by selective laser melting of metal powders. The importance of the orientation of the produced element relative to the work table of the machine both in terms of the effect on the mechanical properties and surface quality of the product is shown. Inaccuracies in shape and representation of the real dimensions of the internal and external outlines are presented. The anisotropy of the structure and the resulting differentiation is shown. Attention is paid to different conditions in the incremental production in the area of one layer where the consolidation of the metal powder takes place in one impact of the laser beam, and the connection with the next layers is carried out by thermal effect from the preceding layer, in a much lower temperature. The ability to remove the anisotropy of the structure by homogenizing annealing is shown. Knowledge of the characteristics of the articles produced with incremental technologies is extremely important when selecting production parameters, especially in case of designing responsible machine parts subjected to higher loads.

PL

W artykule wskazano na potrzebę wiedzy o zależnościach wielu cech technologicznych dla elementów wytwarzanych na drodze selektywnego stapiania laserowego z proszków metali. Określono znaczenie zorientowania wytwarzanego elementu względem stołu roboczego maszyny, zarówno w aspekcie wpływu na właściwości mechaniczne wyrobu oraz jakość powierzchni wykonanego kształtu. Wskazano na niedokładności kształtu oraz odwzorowanie wymiarów rzeczywistych wykonanych zarysów wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych. Wykazano anizotropię struktury i wynikające z tego zróżnicowanie. Zwrócono uwagę na różne warunki wytwarzania przyrostowego w obszarze jednej warstwy, gdzie konsolidacja metalicznego proszku przebiega w trakcie jednego oddziaływania wiązki laserowej. Natomiast połączenie ze sobą kolejnych warstw odbywa się poprzez wpływ cieplny powstającej warstwy na poprzednią, w znacznie niższej temperaturze. Wykazano możliwość usunięcia anizotropii struktury przez wyżarzanie ujednorodniające. Wiedza o właściwościach wyrobów wytwarzanych w technologii przyrostowej jest niezwykle istotna przy doborze parametrów wytwarzania, szczególnie w przypadku projektowania odpowiedzialnych części maszyn poddanych większym obciążeniom.

15

Morphology and surface topography of Ti6Al4V lattice structure fabricated by selective laser sintering

Maszybrocka J., Stwora A., Gapiński B., Skrabalak G., Karolus M.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 1

85--92

EN

Construction of metallic implants with a porous structure that mimics the biomechanical properties of bone is one of the challenges of orthopedic regenerative medicine. The selective laser sintering technique (SLS) allows the production of complex geometries based on three-dimensional model, which offers the prospect of preparing porous metal implants, in which stiffness and porosity can be precisely adjusted to the individual needs of the patient. This requires an interdisciplinary approach to design, manufacturing and testing of porous structures manufactured by selective sintering. An important link in this process is the ability to assess the surface topography of the struts of porous structure. The paper presents a qualitative assessment of the surface morphology based on SEM studies and methodology that allows for quantitative assessment of stereometric structure based on micro-tomographic measurements.

16

Badanie anizotropii in situ w procesie selektywnego spiekania laserem proszków tworzyw PA12-CF

Zimniak P.

Postępy w Inżynierii Mechanicznej

|

2016

|

nr 7(4)

33--45

PL

W pracy omówiono podstawy laserowego, selektywnego spiekania proszkowego tworzywa polimerowego jako jednej z wiodących technologii przyrostowego wytwarzania modeli użytkowych i prototypów. Wadą techniki SLS jest zjawisko anizotropii, wynikające z mechanizmu nakładania kolejnych warstw za pomocą narzędzia rozprowadzającego tworzywo proszkowego, kompozytu na bazie poliamidu 12 z dodatkiem włókien węglowych PA12-CF, tj. klingi lub walca, co istotnie wpływa na właściwości mechaniczne uzyskanych wyrobów. W dalszej części pracy opisano unikatowe stanowisko badawcze do nakładania tworzywa proszkowego oraz zaproponowano odpowiednią metodę analizy obrazu, pomocną w zakresie wyznaczenia ukierunkowania włókien tworzywa proszkowego PA12-CF w ujęciu ilościowym i jakościowym.

EN

The grounds of selective laser sintering (SLS) method, as one of the leading methods of rapid prototyping have been discussed in this paper. The greatest disadvantage of SLS method is anisotropy caused by mechanism of laying sequential layers using distributing tool for PA12-CF powder, i.e. a blade or a roller what may considerably influence the mechanical properties of the obtained products. Consequently this paper also describes the unique test stand for laying powdered polymer and presents the convenient method of image analysis which may help in checking behavior of reinforcing fibers in separate layers of PA12-CF polymer in the product regarding qualitative as well as quantitative aspects.

17

Wpływ parametrów technologicznych procesu selektywnego topienia laserowego na wybrane właściwości elementów wykonanych z proszków stopu AlSi10Mg

Stwora A., Skrabalak G.

Mechanik

|

2016

|

R. 89, nr 3

206--208

PL

Zaprezentowano optymalizację procesu selektywnego topienia laserowego z uwzględnieniem gęstości elementu oraz czasu jego wytwarzania. Przedstawiono wyniki badań mikrostruktury i gęstości elementów wykonanych ze stopu AlSi10Mg – potwierdziły one, że zwiększenie odległości pomiędzy kolejnymi przejściami wiązki lasera pozwala na znaczące skrócenie czasu wytwarzania elementów, a jednocześnie na nieznaczne zwiększenie porowatości materiału, przy czym powstałe pory mają charakter stochastyczny.

EN

Described is the work on optimization of the parameters of Selective Laser Melting process with reference to manufacturing cycle and density of the produced components. Consequently, there are presented results of the examination of microstructures and density of the samples produced from the AlSi10Mg alloy powder. Achieved results confirmed that wider spacing of the laser scanning lines if applied for considerably shorter manufacturing cycles, will only insignificantly increase porosity of the machined components with the pores stochastically distributed.

18

The structure and properties of aluminium alloys matrix composite materials with reinforcement made of titanium skeletons

Dobrzański L. A., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A., Achtelik-Franczak A.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 80, nr 1

16--30

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the technology of the manufacturing of composite materials with aluminum alloys matrix with reinforcement made of titanium skeletons. This paper presents the structure and properties of these composite materials. Design/methodology/approach: Titanium skeletons manufactured by SLS technology for certain mechanical properties and geometrical features, subjected to infiltration of cast aluminium alloys: AlSi12, AlSi7Mg0.3 thereby obtain a composite materials AlSi12/Ti and AlSi7Mg0.3/Ti. Findings: The results of examinations of mechanical properties of aluminium alloys: AlSi12, AlSi7Mg0.3, titanium skeletons and composite materials AlSi12/Ti, AlSi7Mg0.3/Ti, show that the reinforcement of aluminium alloys AlSi12, AlSi7Mg0.3 with porous titanium skeletons has a beneficial effect on the mechanical properties of the composite materials AlSi12/Ti, AlSi7Mg0.3/Ti. Practical implications: The principal aim of modern composite materials with a reinforcement in the form of a porous metallic skeleton they are employed, among others, in the automotive, aviation, machine and space industry as well as in medicine. Originality/value: The use of SLS technology in combination with infiltration technology creates prospects production of composite materials having improved properties and a wide range of applicability.

19

Defekty powstające w strukturze połączenia uzupełnień protetycznych spieków z porcelaną licowaną

Czakon K., Wita K., Sobel A., Hajduga M.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

|

2016

|

z. 11

21--26

PL

Połączenie podbudowy protetycznej z warstwą porcelany ma znaczący wpływ na jakość uzupełnienia dentystycznego. Rozwój selektywnej laserowej mikro metalurgii proszków, przyczynił się do rozpoczęcia badań tej technologii w dziedzinie techniki dentystycznej. W artykule przedstawiono ocenę wpływu kondycjonowania piaskiem Al2O3 o gradacji: 50μm, 110μm, 250μm, powierzchni spieków przygotowanych laserowo, na klasę połączenia z fazą licującą. Wnioski zostały formułowane na podstawie wyników z przeprowadzonych pomiarów chropowatości i falistości powierzchni spieków laserowych.

EN

The foundation prosthetic connection with a layer of porcelain has a significant impact on the quality of the dental supplement. The development of selective laser micro powders metalurgy, has contributed to the start of the examination of this technology in the field of dental technology. The article presents an impact assessment conditioning sand Al2O3 grit : 50μm, 110 μm, 250 μm, laser- sintered surface prepared, class connection with the phase of the veneering. Proposals were formulated based on the results of the measurements of roughness and waviness floor space laser sintered.

20

Ocena luzów technologicznych w modelowym łożysku ślizgowym wykonanym metodą SLS

Kundera C., Kozior T.

Mechanik

|

2015

|

R. 88, nr 2CD

345--354

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów luzów technologicznych modelowego łożyska ślizgowego wykonanego technologią przyrostową (RP). Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu parametrów procesu technologicznego selektywnego spiekania laserowego, głównie kierunku nakładania warstw, na pole tolerancji wybranych pasowań normalnych układu wałek-tuleja. Próbki wykonane zostały z proszku poliamidowego PA 2200. Proces „wydruku” próbek przebiegał w płaszczyźnie prostopadłej i równoległej do ich osi. Badania obejmowały pomiar średnicy i wyznaczenie odchyłek walcowości, okrągłości i prostoliniowości. Na podstawie wyników badań określono wpływ parametrów procesu SLS na dokładność elementów mechanizmów typu wałek-tuleja.

EN

The paper presents the results of measurements of technological clearance simple mechanism consisting of a roller and sleeve (sliding bearing type). The aim of the study is to assess the impact of process parameters selective laser sintering, mainly direction the layering sintering on the tolerance of selected normal fit in system roller-sleeve. Samples were made from polyamide powder PA 2200, printing process proceeded in plane perpendicular and parallel to their axis. The study included measurement of diameter, cylindricity, roundness and straightness deviations. Base on the research result, the influence of these parameters of the SLS process on accuracy of the elements of mechanisms type roller-sleeve were determined.